The frequency of unrecognized type 2 herpes simplex virus infection among women. Implications for the control of genital herpes

Highly sensitive enhanced chemiluminescence immunodetection method for herpes simplex virus type 2 Western immunoblot

Three Western blot (immunoblot) methods for detecting antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 were compared: (i) nitrocellulose blots with 4-chloro-1-naphthol immunostaining (4CN-WB); (ii) polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) blots with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidene immunostaining (TMB-WB); and (iii) PVDF blots with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL-WB). TMB-WB was 10-fold more sensitive than 4CN-WB, while ECL-WB was as much as 500-fold more sensitive.

Management of genital herpes simplex infection

Herpes simplex infection of the genitals is a common condition, more often due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 than to type 1 virus. There is a severe first attack followed by mild recurrences which are more common and more frequent after HSV-2 than after HSV-1 genital infection. Clinical features with prodrome, vesicles and erosions may be characteristic allowing rapid clinical diagnosis. When possible laboratory confirmation should be attempted. General management includes simple hygiene, avoidance of sexual transmission, use of condoms, and notifying partners. Oral acyclovir (Zovirax, Wellcome) is the drug of choice for initial attacks and should be considered for all women with this diagnosis. Intravenous acyclovir may be used for very severe attacks. Men with initial attacks may be treated with oral acyclovir but mild disease affecting only skin may be treated with 5% acyclovir cream. Recurrences are short so acyclovir has less effect. Frequent recurrences can be troublesome and may be suppressed by continuous oral acyclovir, or individual attacks may be aborted with intermittent therapy. Various systemic complications may occur; an important but rare problem is primary herpes in late pregnancy. Acyclovir is effective in the treatment of the troublesome herpes simplex disease associated with human immunodeficiency infection. Acyclovir is one of the more expensive treatments for sexually transmitted diseases. At present in many countries costs are being examined, and application of the principles outlined here should help to minimize cost and maximize care.