101
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de Marco BA, Salgado HRN. Characteristics, Properties and Analytical Methods of Cefadroxil: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:93-98. [PMID: 27494757 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1219649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infections are the second leading cause of mortality worldwide and there are many reasons justifying the need for further studies of antimicrobial agents. Cefadroxil is a drug that has bactericidal activity and broad spectrum of action. Quantitative analyzes about cefadroxil are essential for the understanding of bioavailability, bioequivalence, and therapeutic control, which will ensure the product's characteristics and patients' safety. Thus, this study highlights a brief literature review about the drug and the existing methods developed for the determination of cefadroxil found in official and scientific papers. According to the methods found in literature, liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry of absorption in the ultraviolet region prevailed over the others. Importantly, most of the solvents used for the development of the described analytical methods are toxic to the environment, making it necessary to educate researchers and pharmaceutical companies to use nontoxic solvents to provide environmental-friendly methods and better benefits to equipments and mainly to analysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Aparecida de Marco
- a Department of Drugs and Medicines , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- a Department of Drugs and Medicines , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
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102
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Novel Penicillin-Type Analogues Bearing a Variable Substituted 2-Azetidinone Ring at Position 6: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2015; 20:22044-57. [PMID: 26690391 PMCID: PMC6332199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and the biological activity of novel semi-synthetic β-lactam compounds containing an azetidinone moiety joined to the amino-nitrogen of the (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) as new antibacterial agents is reported. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens and environmental bacteria. Tested compounds displayed good antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram positive bacteria and for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis antimicrobial activity resulted higher than that of the reference antibiotic. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxic screening was also carried out indicating that the compounds do not cause a cell vitality reduction effective at concentration next to and above those shown to be antimicrobial.
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103
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Karimian M, Rostamzad A, Shoaei P. Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli in Hospitalized Children in Isfahan, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ajcmi-27096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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104
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Kumar D, Poornima M, Kushwaha RN, Won TJ, Ahn C, Ganesh Kumar C, Jang K, Shin DS. Antimicrobial and docking studies of (−)-catechin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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105
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Vieira M, Pinheiro C, Fernandes R, Noronha JP, Prudêncio C. Antimicrobial activity of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide with 2- and 3-substituted derivatives. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:287-93. [PMID: 23928379 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline is a chemical compound that presents a structure that is similar to quinolone antibiotics. The present work reports the study of the antimicrobial activity of quinoxaline N,N-dioxide and some derivatives against bacterial and yeast strains. The compounds studied were quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (QNX), 2-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (2MQNX), 2-methyl-3-benzoylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (2M3BenzoylQNX), 2-methyl-3-benzylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (2M3BQNX), 2-amino-3-cyanoquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (2A3CQNX), 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide-1,4-dioxide (3M2QNXC), 2-hydroxyphenazine-N,N-dioxide (2HF) and 3-methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)quinoxalinecarboxamide-1,4-dioxide (3MN(2MF)QNXC). The prokaryotic strains used were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, S. aureus ATCC 6538P, S. aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli S3R9, E. coli S3R22, E. coli TEM-1 CTX-M9, E. coli TEM-1, E. coli AmpC Mox-2, E. coli CTX-M2 e E. coli CTX-M9. The Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYCC 4072 were used as eukaryotic strains. For the compounds that presented activity using the disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The alterations of cellular viability were evaluated in a time-course assay. Death curves for bacteria and growth curves for S. cerevisiae PYCC 4072 were also accessed. The results obtained suggest potential new drugs for antimicrobial activity chemotherapy since the MIC's determined present low values and cellular viability tests show the complete elimination of the bacterial strain. Also, the cellular viability tests for the eukaryotic model, S. cerevisiae, indicate low toxicity for the compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vieira
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Pinheiro
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Química (U38-FCT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Noronha
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Química (U38-FCT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; CHUC, Centro Hospitalar da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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106
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Comprehensive analysis of ß-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems in poultry muscle using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7859-74. [PMID: 23430185 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive method for the quantitative residue analysis of trace levels of 22 ß-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, in poultry muscle by liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometric detection is reported. The samples analyzed for ß-lactam residues are hydrolyzed using piperidine in order to improve compound stability and to include the total residue content of the cephalosporin ceftifour. The reaction procedure was optimized using a full experimental design. Following detailed isotope labeling, tandem mass spectrometry studies and exact mass measurements using high-resolution mass spectrometry reaction schemes could be proposed for all ß-lactams studied. The main reaction occurring is the hydrolysis of the ß-lactam ring under formation of the piperidine substituted amide. For some ß-lactams, multiple isobaric hydrolysis reaction products are obtained, in accordance with expectations, but this did not hamper quantitative analysis. The final method was fully validated as a quantitative confirmatory residue analysis method according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and showed satisfactory quantitative performance for all compounds with trueness between 80 and 110% and within-laboratory reproducibility below 22% at target level, except for biapenem. For biapenem, the method proved to be suitable for qualitative analysis only.
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