Algoriphagus formosus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A Gram-stain negative, facultative anaerobic, non-motile, strongly orange-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterium, designated XAY3209^T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China. Strain XAY3209^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 41.9 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel isolate belongs to the family Cyclobacteriaceae and is related to the genus Algoriphagus. It shares 98.1% 16S rRNA sequence identity with Algoriphagus marincola, its close phylogenetic relative, but did not show similarities more than 97% with other members of the genus Algoriphagus with validly published names. It contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:1 ω9c and Summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified lipids. Results of physiological experiments, biochemical tests and genome average nucleotide identity value (with A. marincola MCCC 1F01203^T) indicate that strain XAY3209^T is genetically and phenotypically distinct from the species of the genus Algoriphagus with validly published names. Strain XAY3209^T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Algoriphagus formosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XAY3209^T (= KCTC 52842^T = MCCC 1H00189^T).

Robiginitalea sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, orange and rod/coccoid-shaped bacterium, designated O458^T, was isolated from sediment collected from a sea cucumber culture pond located in Rongcheng, Shandong province, China (122°14'E, 36°54'N). Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain O458^T is a member of the genus Robiginitalea and is closely related to Robiginitalea biformata (95.7% sequence similarity) and Robiginitalea myxolifaciens (94.9%). Its DNA G+C content was 55.2 mol%. The strain grew at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C (optimum 33 °C), from pH 6.5 to 8.5 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and between 1.0 and 6.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%). Strain O458^T was found to contain menaquinon-6 (MK-6) as the only respiratory quinone, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and Summed feature 1 (iso-C_15:1 H and/or iso-C_13:0 3-OH) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and four unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3 and L4). On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses it is suggested that strain O458^T represents a novel species of the genus Robiginitalea, for which the name Robiginitalea sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is O458^T (=KCTC 52898^T=MCCC 1H00190^T).

Marinobacter salexigens sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

A novel bacterium, designated as strain HJR7^T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coastal area of Weihai, China (121° 57' E, 37° 29' N). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. The temperature, pH and NaCl ranges for growth were determined as 4-40 °C, pH 6.5-9.5 and 0.5-15.0 % (w/v), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HJR7^T belongs to the genus Marinobacter in the family Alteromonadaceae. The most closely related species were Marinobacter aromaticivorans (97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Marinobacter maritimus (97.3 % similarity). Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the only respiratory quinone detected in strain HJR7^T. The major fatty acids of strain HJR7^T were C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 3ω6, 9, 12c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain HJR7^T was 53.7 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain HJR7^T represents a novel species within the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter salexigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJR7^T (=KCTC 52545^T=MCCC 1H00176^T).

Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov., isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 0182^T, was isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, an algae of phylum Rhodophyta collected from coast of Lingshui county, Hainan, China (110° 03' 44.2'' E, 18° 24' 29.8'' N). The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain 0182^T were approximately 0.9-2.5 µm in length and 0.2-0.4 µm in width. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphoaminolipid, glycolipid, two unknown aminolipids and four unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was approximately 35.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0182^T was phylogenetically related to members of the genus Crocinitomix and was closely related to Crocinitomix catalasitica with 94.6 % sequence similarity. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain 0182^T is thought to represent a novel species of the genus Crocinitomix, for which the name Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0182^T (=KCTC 42868^T =MCCC 1H00128^T).

Agarilytica rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic, agarolytic bacterium, designated 017^T, was isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii collected at the coast of Lingshui county, Hainan province, China. Optimal growth occurred at 28-33 °C (range 15-40 °C), with 3 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2-4 %) and at pH 8.0 (range pH 6.5-8.5). Cells of strain 017^T were motile and formed yellow colonies on marine agar 2216. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 017^T shared the highest similarity with Teredinibacter turnerae T7902^T (94.4 %). The predominant polar lipids of the novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and some other unknown lipids. Major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the sole respiratory lipoquinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain 017^T was 40.2 mol%. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characterization indicated that strain 017^T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Cellvibrionaceae, order Cellvibrionales, for which the name Agarilytica rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Agarilytica rhodophyticola is 017^T (=KCTC 42584^T=MCCC 1H00123^T).

Halofilum ochraceum gen. nov., sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from a marine solar saltern

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobe, designated XJ16T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, China. Cells of strain XJ16T were long and rod-shaped. The colonies were ochre in colour and were able to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Optimal growth occurred at 33-37 °C (range, 20-45 °C) and in the presence of 8-10 % (w/v) NaCl (range, 2-20 %). The pH range for growth was found to be 6.5-9.5, with optimum growth at pH 7.5-8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that strain XJ16T was related to the phylum Proteobacteria. The most closely related neighbours were species of the genus Thioalkalivibrio, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain XJ16T shared 93.1 % similarity with that of Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus HL-EbGr7T and 93.0 % similarity with that of Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans ALJDT. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.9 mol% (HPLC). The sole respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0 10-CH3. The predominant polar lipids in strain XJ16T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Based on these phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain XJ16T should be classified representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae, for which the name Halofilum ochraceum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is XJ16T (=KCTC 42259T=MCCC 1H00120T=CICC 23817T).

Labilibacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sea squirt (Styela clava) and reclassification of Saccharicrinis marinus as Labilibacter marinus comb. nov

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated HQYD1T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Styelaclava) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphologically, strain HQYD1T exhibited rods with gliding motility. This novel isolate grew optimally at 28 °C in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was most similar to [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T (96.3 %), followed by Saccharicinis fermentans DSM 9555T (93.8 %). The dominant fatty acids of strain HQYD1T were identified as C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Major polar lipids included an unidentified lipid and a phospholipid. The major respiratory quinone was found to be MK-7, and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 35.1 mol%. Based on evidence from this taxonomic study, a novel genus, Labilibacter gen. nov., is proposed in the family Marinilabiliaceae with type species Labilibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is HQYD1T (=MCCC 1K02304T=KCTC 42583T). As [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T clustered phylogenetically with strain HQYD1T, we also propose [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T be reclassified as Labilibacter marinus comb. nov. (type strain Y11T=CICC 10837T=KCTC 42400T).

Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and non-gliding bacterium, designated FA042T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China (37° 32' 02″ N 122° 03' 44″ E). Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain FA042T belonged to the genus Hyunsoonleella. The closest described neighbour, in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, was Hyunsoonleella jejuensis (95.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major polar lipids of strain FA042T were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 38.5 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FA042T is presented as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov. is FA042T (=KCTC 42398T=MCCC 1H00110T).

Description of Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, proposal of Marinilabiliales ord. nov. and transfer of Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae to the order Marinilabiliales

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, moderately halophilic, filamentous, non-motile bacterium, designated FA102T, was isolated from marine sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FA102T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Marinifilaceae and its closest relative was Marinifilum fragile JCM 15579T (93.2 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 36.5 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids and respiratory quinone were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and MK-7, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological data, strain FA102T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ancylomarina subtilis is FA102T (=KCTC 42257T=DSM 28825T=CICC 10902T). Furthermore, a new order named Marinilabiliales is proposed to accommodate three families previously classified in the order Bacteroidales. Marinilabiliales ord. nov. encompasses the families Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae.

Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic member of the genus Aliifodinibius, and proposal of Balneolaceae fam. nov

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated 2W32T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Strain 2W32T was tolerant to moderate salt conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 33-37 °C (range 20-45 °C) and pH 7.5-8.0 (range pH 7.0-8.5) with 6-10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2-18 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 2W32T shared highest similarity with Aliifodinibius sediminis YIM J21T (94.6 %), Aliifodinibius roseus YIM D15T (94.4 %), Fodinibius salinus YIM C003T (93.6 %), Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (88.6 %) and Balneola vulgaris 13IX/A01/164T (86.4 %) and less than 83.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The isolate and closely related species formed a novel family-level clade in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of strain 2W32T was 47.5 mol %. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and characterization indicated that strain 2W32T represents a novel species within the genus Aliifodinibius, for which the name Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2W32T (=KCTC 42497T=CICC 23869T). In addition, a novel family, Balneolaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genera Fodinibius, Aliifodinibius, Gracilimonas and Balneola.

Kordiimonas sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond

A marine bacterium, designated strain N39(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected at a sea cucumber culture pond in Weihai, China. Cells of strain N39(T) were observed to be Gram-stain negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile rods showing catalase and oxidase negative reactions. Strain N39(T) was found to grow optimally at pH 8.0-8.5, 35-37 °C and in the presence of approximately 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain N39(T) belongs to the genus Kordiimonas in the family Kordiimonadaceae, appearing closely related to Kordiimonas lacus JCM 16261(T) (95.9 %), Kordiimonas aquimaris MEBiC06554(T) (95.1 %), Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864(T) (94.2 %) and Kordiimonas aestuarii 101-1(T) (93.8 %). Ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) was found to be the major respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C17:1 ω9c, iso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1 ω6c. The predominant polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G + C content of strain N39(T) is 50.8 %. On the basis of genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain N39(T) is concluded to represent a novel species within the genus Kordiimonas, for which the name Kordiimonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N39(T) (=KCTC 42590(T) = MCCC 1H00112(T)).

Thalassotalea sediminis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A novel Gram-stain negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and yellowish-white-pigmented marine bacterium, designated strain N211(T), was isolated from marine sediment obtained off the coastal area of Weihai, China. The cells are approximately 0.4-0.9 × 1.8-3.5 μm in size and motile by means of a polar flagellum. The strain grows optimally at 33 °C, pH 7.5-8.5 and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain N211(T) fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Thalassotalea. Strain N211(T) was most closely related to Thalassotalea ganghwensis DSM 15355(T) (96.4 %) based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, and shared 94.4-96.4 % similarity with type strains of all members of the genus Thalassotalea. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain N211(T) was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. C17:1 w8c, summed feature 3 (C16:1 w7c and/or iso-C 15:0 2-OH) and C16:0 were found to be main cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 39.1 mol%. It is evident from phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference that strain N211(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea, for which the name T. sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N211(T) (=KCTC 42588(T) = MCCC 1H00116(T)).

Pontibacter locisalis Sy30T sp. nov. isolated from soil collected from an abandoned saltern

A novel Gram-stain negative, red, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterial strain, designated Sy30(T), was isolated from dry soils of an abandoned marine saltern at Weihai, China. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain Sy30(T) belongs to the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, with sequence similarities ranging from 93.3 to 96.4 % with other type species of the genus Pontibacter. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B). The major menaquinone was MK-7. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoaminolipid and two unidentified polar lipid. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Sy30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Pontibacter locisalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sy30(T) (=KCTC 42498(T) = CICC AB 2015060(T)).

Saccharicrinis marinus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

A novel bacterial strain, designated Y11T, was isolated from marine sediment at Weihai in China. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolate showed highest similarity to Saccharicrinis fermentans DSM 9555T (94.0 %) and Saccharicrinis carchari SS12T (92.7 %). Strain Y11T was a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium and was able to hydrolyse agar weakly. It was catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic and motile by gliding. Optimal growth occurred at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 34.4 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the prevalent menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 1ω6c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown lipids. Data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study clearly place the strain as representing a novel species within the genus Saccharicrinis, for which the name Saccharicrinis marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y11T ( = CICC10837T = KCTC42400T).

Carboxylicivirga linearis sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated FB218T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a sea cucumber culture pond in Rongcheng, China (36° 54′ 36″ N 122° 14′ 34″ E). Cells of strain FB218T were slender, gliding, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and in medium containing 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FB218T belonged to the genus Carboxylicivirga, family Marinilabiliaceae. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strain FB218T were two unidentified lipids and a phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. Based on the distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of physiological and phenotypic characteristics, strain FB218T represents a novel species of the genus Carboxylicivirga, for which the name Carboxylicivirga linearis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FB218T ( = KCTC 42254T = MCCC 1H00106T). An emended description of the genus Carboxylicivirga is also provided.

Alkalimarinus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

Strain FA028T, a beige-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, was isolated from marine sediment of the coast of Weihai, China. Cells of strain FA028T were rod-shaped, 1–3 μm in length and 0.5 μm in width. The strain was able to grow at 13–37 °C, at pH 7.0–9.5 and in the presence of 1.0–4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C, with 3.0 % NaCl and at pH 7.5–8.0. Nitrate was not reduced. The G+C content of the DNA was 43.4 mol%. The isoprenoid quinone was Q-9 and the main cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids in strain FA028T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol; phospholipid was present in moderate to minor amounts in the polar lipid profile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain FA028T was affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that this isolate is unique, sharing < 93 % similarity with species of the families Alteromonadaceae and Oceanospirillaceae. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain FA028T should be classified as representing a novel species of a new genus within the family Alteromonadaceae, for which the name Alkalimarinus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Alkalimarinus sediminis is FA028T ( = CICC 10906T = KCTC 42258T).

Mariniphaga sediminis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, SY21T, was isolated from marine sediments of the coastal area in Weihai, China (122° 0′ 37″ E 37° 31′ 33″ N). Cells of strain SY21T were 0.3–0.5 μm wide and 1.5–2.5 μm long, catalase- and oxidase-positive. Colonies on 2216E agar were transparent, beige- to pale-brown-pigmented, and approximately 0.5 mm in diameter. Growth occurred optimally at 33–37 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain SY21T was a member of the genus Mariniphaga within the family Prolixibacteraceae. The closest described neighbour in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequences identity was Mariniphaga anaerophila Fu11-5T (94.7 %). The major respiratory quinone of strain SY21T was MK-7, and the dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipid and an unidentified lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 37.9 mol%. The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits distinguished the novel isolate from M. anaerophila Fu11-5T. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicated that strain SY21T could be assigned to the genus Mariniphaga. The name Mariniphaga sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SY21T ( = KCTC 42260T = MCCC 1H00107T).

Aquimarina agarivorans sp. nov., a genome-sequenced member of the class Flavobacteriia isolated from Gelidium amansii

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, agar-digesting bacterial strain, designated HQM9T, was isolated from the surface of the marine red alga Gelidium amansii collected from the intertidal zone of Weihai, China. Cells of HQM9T were 3.0–4.0 μm long and 0.2–0.3 μm wide and lacked flagella. The new isolate grew optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5, and in the presence of 2.5–3.0  % NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The sole menaquinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 33 mol%. The major polar lipids were comprised of phosphatidylethanolamine and four unknown polar lipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the closest relative was Aquimarina agarilytica ZC1T with 97.16  % sequence similarity, with which strain HQM9T formed a distinct cluster belonging to the genus Aquimarina in a phylogenetic tree. Moreover, average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains HQM9T and ZC1T were 78.7  % and 12.50 ± 2.95  %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HQM9T represents the type strain of a novel species within the genus Aquimarina in the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Aquimarina agarivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HQM9T ( = ATCC BAA-2612T = CICC 10835T).

Longimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

A bacterial strain, designated SYD6T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. Cells of strain SYD6T were rod-shaped, red, and approximately 5.0–9.0 μm in length and 0.4–0.6 μm in width. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth occurred in 4–25 % (w/v) NaCl [with 2–15 % (w/v) MgCl2.6H2O also present], at 20–50 °C and pH 6.5–8.5. Optimal growth was observed at 37–42 °C, pH 7.5–8.0, with 6–8 % (w/v) NaCl [with 2–4 % (w/v) MgCl2.6H2O]. Nitrate was not reduced. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose and ribose stimulated growth, but not glycerol, xylose or mannitol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.5 mol% (HPLC). The sole methyl naphthoquinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c, iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and C18 : 1ω7c. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown lipid. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain SYD6T was affiliated with the phylum Bacteroidetes. The most closely related neighbours were species of the genus Salisaeta and strain SYD6T had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 91.97 % with Salisaeta longa DSM 21114T. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYD6T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Longimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is SYD6T ( = CICC 10838T = KCTC 42399T).

Roseimarinus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from coastal sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HF08T, was isolated from marine sediment of the coast of Weihai, China. Cells were rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The isolate grew optimally at 33 °C, at pH 7.5–8.0 and with 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the major respiratory quinone and the DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was a member of the class Bacteroidia, and shared 88–90 % sequence similarity with the closest genera Sunxiuqinia, Prolixibacter, Draconibacterium, Mariniphaga and Meniscus. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence presented, a novel species in a new genus of the family Prolixibacteraceae is proposed, with the name Roseimarinus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Roseimarinus sediminis is HF08T ( = KCTC 42261T = CICC 10901T).

Catenovulum maritimus sp. nov., a novel agarolytic gammaproteobacterium isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103), and emended description of the genus Catenovulum

A novel agarolytic, Gram-stain negative, heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic and pale-white pigmented bacterial strain, designated Q1(T), was isolated from the marine alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (AST58-103) collected from the coastal area of Weihai, China. The cells are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The isolate requires NaCl for growth, while seawater is not necessary, and growth occurs optimally at about 30-33 °C, in 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7-7.5. Strain Q1(T) shows oxidase-positive and catalase-negative activities, and possesses the ability to hydrolyse starch and alginate, but not cellulose, gelatin, urea or Tween-80. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain Q1(T) is affiliated with the family Alteromonadaceae within the class Gammaproteobacteria. The isolate, strain Q1(T), is most closely related to Catenovulum agarivorans YM01(T) (94.85 %), with less than 91.2 % sequence similarity to other close relatives with validly published names. The draft genome sequence of strain Q1(T) consists of 62 contigs (>200 bp) of 4,548,270 bp. The genomes of Q1(T) and YM01(T) have an ANI value of 70.7 %, and the POCP value between the two genomes is 64.4 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Q1(T) is 37.9 mol% as calculated from the draft genome sequence. The main isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone-8. The predominant cellular fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH), C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on data from a polyphasic chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical study, strain Q1(T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Catenovulum, for which the name Catenovulum maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Q1(T) (=CICC 10836(T)=DSM 28813(T)).