101
|
Chao DY, Chen Y, Chen J, Shi S, Chen Z, Wang C, Danku JM, Zhao FJ, Salt DE. Genome-wide association mapping identifies a new arsenate reductase enzyme critical for limiting arsenic accumulation in plants. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1002009. [PMID: 25464340 PMCID: PMC4251824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen, and its ingestion through foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health. Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite. Using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to identify the arsenate reductase required for this reduction, which we named High Arsenic Content 1 (HAC1). Complementation verified the identity of HAC1, and expression in Escherichia coli lacking a functional arsenate reductase confirmed the arsenate reductase activity of HAC1. The HAC1 protein accumulates in the epidermis, the outer cell layer of the root, and also in the pericycle cells surrounding the central vascular tissue. Plants lacking HAC1 lose their ability to efflux arsenite from roots, leading to both increased transport of arsenic into the central vascular tissue and on into the shoot. HAC1 therefore functions to reduce arsenate to arsenite in the outer cell layer of the root, facilitating efflux of arsenic as arsenite back into the soil to limit both its accumulation in the root and transport to the shoot. Arsenate reduction by HAC1 in the pericycle may play a role in limiting arsenic loading into the xylem. Loss of HAC1-encoded arsenic reduction leads to a significant increase in arsenic accumulation in shoots, causing an increased sensitivity to arsenate toxicity. We also confirmed the previous observation that the ACR2 arsenate reductase in A. thaliana plays no detectable role in arsenic metabolism. Furthermore, ACR2 does not interact epistatically with HAC1, since arsenic metabolism in the acr2 hac1 double mutant is disrupted in an identical manner to that described for the hac1 single mutant. Our identification of HAC1 and its associated natural variation provides an important new resource for the development of low arsenic-containing food such as rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
| | - Yi Chen
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jiugeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - John M. Danku
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
| | - David E. Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Pratelli R, Pilot G. Regulation of amino acid metabolic enzymes and transporters in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5535-56. [PMID: 25114014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play several critical roles in plants, from providing the building blocks of proteins to being essential metabolites interacting with many branches of metabolism. They are also important molecules that shuttle organic nitrogen through the plant. Because of this central role in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are tightly regulated to meet demand in response to nitrogen and carbon availability. While much is known about the feedback regulation of the branched biosynthesis pathways by the amino acids themselves, the regulation mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein levels remain to be identified. This review focuses mainly on the current state of our understanding of the regulation of the enzymes and transporters at the transcript level. Current results describing the effect of transcription factors and protein modifications lead to a fragmental picture that hints at multiple, complex levels of regulation that control and coordinate transport and enzyme activities. It also appears that amino acid metabolism, amino acid transport, and stress signal integration can influence each other in a so-far unpredictable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Réjane Pratelli
- Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Galili G, Avin-Wittenberg T, Angelovici R, Fernie AR. The role of photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism in the energy status during seed development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:447. [PMID: 25232362 PMCID: PMC4153028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are the major organs responsible for the evolutionary upkeep of angiosperm plants. Seeds accumulate significant amounts of storage compounds used as nutrients and energy reserves during the initial stages of seed germination. The accumulation of storage compounds requires significant amounts of energy, the generation of which can be limited due to reduced penetration of oxygen and light particularly into the inner parts of seeds. In this review, we discuss the adjustment of seed metabolism to limited energy production resulting from the suboptimal penetration of oxygen into the seed tissues. We also discuss the role of photosynthesis during seed development and its contribution to the energy status of developing seeds. Finally, we describe the contribution of amino acid metabolism to the seed energy status, focusing on the Asp-family pathway that leads to the synthesis and catabolism of Lys, Thr, Met, and Ile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gad Galili
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ruthie Angelovici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Koprivova A, Harper AL, Trick M, Bancroft I, Kopriva S. Dissection of the control of anion homeostasis by associative transcriptomics in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:442-50. [PMID: 25049360 PMCID: PMC4149728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.239947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess the variation in nutrient homeostasis in oilseed rape and to identify the genes responsible for this variation, we determined foliar anion levels in a diversity panel of Brassica napus accessions, 84 of which had been genotyped previously using messenger RNA sequencing. We applied associative transcriptomics to identify sequence polymorphisms linked to variation in nitrate, phosphate, or sulfate in these accessions. The analysis identified several hundred significant associations for each anion. Using functional annotation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs and available microarray data, we identified 60 candidate genes for controlling variation in the anion contents. To verify that these genes function in the control of nutrient homeostasis, we obtained Arabidopsis transfer DNA insertion lines for these candidates and tested them for the accumulation of nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate. Fourteen lines differed significantly in levels of the corresponding anions. Several of these genes have been shown previously to affect the accumulation of the corresponding anions in Arabidopsis mutants. These results thus confirm the power of associative transcriptomics in dissection of the genetic control of complex traits and present a set of candidate genes for use in the improvement of efficiency of B. napus mineral nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea L Harper
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Trick
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Bancroft
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Hu C, Shi J, Quan S, Cui B, Kleessen S, Nikoloski Z, Tohge T, Alexander D, Guo L, Lin H, Wang J, Cui X, Rao J, Luo Q, Zhao X, Fernie AR, Zhang D. Metabolic variation between japonica and indica rice cultivars as revealed by non-targeted metabolomics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5067. [PMID: 24861081 PMCID: PMC5381408 DOI: 10.1038/srep05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed metabolites are critically important both for plant development and human nutrition; however, the natural variation in their levels remains poorly characterized. Here we profiled 121 metabolites in mature seeds of a wide panel Oryza sativa japonica and indica cultivars, revealing correlations between the metabolic phenotype and geographic origin of the rice seeds. Moreover, japonica and indica subspecies differed significantly not only in the relative abundances of metabolites but also in their corresponding metabolic association networks. These findings provide important insights into metabolic adaptation in rice subgroups, bridging the gap between genome and phenome, and facilitating the identification of genetic control of metabolic properties that can serve as a basis for the future improvement of rice quality via metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Hu
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianxin Shi
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sheng Quan
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bo Cui
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sabrina Kleessen
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Lining Guo
- Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Hong Lin
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Rao
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Luo
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dabing Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|