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Šamaj J, Ovecka M, Hlavacka A, Lecourieux F, Meskiene I, Lichtscheidl I, Lenart P, Salaj J, Volkmann D, Bögre L, Baluška F, Hirt H. Involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase SIMK in regulation of root hair tip growth. EMBO J 2002; 21:3296-306. [PMID: 12093731 PMCID: PMC126098 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 03/26/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in stress signaling to the actin cytoskeleton in yeast and animals. We have analyzed the function of the stress-activated alfalfa MAP kinase SIMK in root hairs. In epidermal cells, SIMK is predominantly nuclear. During root hair formation, SIMK was activated and redistributed from the nucleus into growing tips of root hairs possessing dense F-actin meshworks. Actin depolymerization by latrunculin B resulted in SIMK relocation to the nucleus. Conversely, upon actin stabilization with jasplakinolide, SIMK co-localized with thick actin cables in the cytoplasm. Importantly, latrunculin B and jasplakinolide were both found to activate SIMK in a root-derived cell culture. Loss of tip-focused SIMK and actin was induced by the MAPK kinase inhibitor UO 126 and resulted in aberrant root hairs. UO 126 inhibited targeted vesicle trafficking and polarized growth of root hairs. In contrast, overexpression of gain-of-function SIMK induced rapid tip growth of root hairs and could bypass growth inhibition by UO 126. These data indicate that SIMK plays a crucial role in root hair tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Šamaj
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Miroslav Ovecka
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Andrej Hlavacka
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Peter Lenart
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Ján Salaj
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Dieter Volkmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - László Bögre
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Institut of Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Botany, Plant Cell Biology Department, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, PO Box 39A, SK-950 07 Nitra, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic and School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
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120
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Romeis T, Ludwig AA, Martin R, Jones JD. Calcium-dependent protein kinases play an essential role in a plant defence response. EMBO J 2001; 20:5556-67. [PMID: 11597999 PMCID: PMC125278 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.20.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2001] [Revised: 08/21/2001] [Accepted: 08/28/2001] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) comprise a large family of serine/threonine kinases in plants and protozoans. We isolated two related CDPK cDNAs (NtCDPK2 and NtCDPK3) from Nicotiana tabacum. These CDPK transcripts are elevated after race-specific defence elicitation and hypo-osmotic stress. Transiently expressed myc-epitope-tagged NtCDPK2 in Nicotiana benthamiana and N.tabacum leaves showed a rapid transient interconversion to an activated form after elicitation and hypo-osmotic stress. The Avr9 race-specific elicitor caused a more pronounced and sustained response. This transition is due to phosphorylation of the CDPK. Immuno complex kinase assays with epitope-tagged NtCDPK2 showed that stress-induced phosphorylation and interconversion of NtCDPK2 correlates with an increase in enzymatic activity. The function of NtCDPK2 in plant defence was investigated by employing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in N.benthamiana. CDPK-silenced plants showed a reduced and delayed hypersensitive response after race-specific elicitation in a gene-for-gene interaction, and lacked an accompanying wilting phenotype. Silencing correlated with loss of CDPK mRNA, whereas mRNA accumulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase WIPK remained unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Romeis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, UK and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. de Colmenar ViejoKm. 15 000, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
T.Romeis and A.A.Ludwig contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrea A. Ludwig
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, UK and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. de Colmenar ViejoKm. 15 000, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
T.Romeis and A.A.Ludwig contributed equally to this work
| | - Raquel Martin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, UK and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. de Colmenar ViejoKm. 15 000, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
T.Romeis and A.A.Ludwig contributed equally to this work
| | - Jonathan D.G. Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, UK and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. de Colmenar ViejoKm. 15 000, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
T.Romeis and A.A.Ludwig contributed equally to this work
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