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Yadav V, Tonk RK, Khatri R. Molecular Docking, 3D-QSAR, Fingerprint-Based 2D-QSAR, Analysis of Pyrimidine, and Analogs of ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) Inhibitors as an Anticancer Agent. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201123163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
ALK inhibitors have become a plausible option for anticancer therapy with
the availability of several FDA-approved molecules and clinical trial candidates. Hence, the design
of new ALK inhibitors using computational molecular docking studies on the existing inhibitors, is
an attractive approach for anticancer drug discovery.
Methods:
We generated six types of independent models through structural based molecular docking
study, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study, and 2DQSAR
approaches using different fingerprints, such as dendritic, linear, 2D molprint, and radial.
Results:
Comparison of the generated models showed that the hinge region hydrogen bond interacted
with amino acids ASP1206, MET1199, and LYS1150 in docking analysis and the hydrophobic
interacted with amino acids GLU1210, ARG1209, SER1206, and LYS1205 residues are responsible
for the ALK inhibition. In the 3D-QSAR study, the hydrogen bond donor features of 2,4-
diaryl aminopyrimidine substituents, isopropyl phenyl ring groups in hydrophobic features, and
electron-withdrawing groups matched the generated contour plots. The 2D-QSAR fingerprint studies
indicated that higher potency was associated with the 2-hydroxy-5-isopropyl benzamide functional
group and substituted phenylamine at the second position of the pyrimidine group.
Conclusion:
We conclude that the incorporation of these functional groups in the design of new
molecules may result in more potent ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar-3, M-B Road, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar-3, M-B Road, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Ramchander Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar-3, M-B Road, New Delhi-110017,India
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102
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Kgatle MM, Boshomane TMG, Lawal IO, Mokoala KMG, Mokgoro NP, Lourens N, Kairemo K, Zeevaart JR, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer: Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4109. [PMID: 33921181 PMCID: PMC8071559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment initially offers an improved clinical outcome and overall survival (OS), however, after a while the treatment becomes resistant leading to aggressive and uncontrolled disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Concurrent combination of the ICIs with radionuclides therapy that has rapidly emerged as safe and effective targeted approach for treating PCa patients may shift the paradigm of PCa treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the contextual contribution of old and new emerging inhibitory ICs in PCa, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the use of these ICs in treating PCa patients. Furthermore, we will also describe the potential of using a combinatory approach of ICIs and radionuclides therapy in treating PCa patients to enhance efficacy, durable cancer control and OS. The inhibitory ICs considered in this review are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankgopo M. Kgatle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Neo P. Mokgoro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nico Lourens
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Kalevo Kairemo
- Departments of Molecular Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, Docrates Cancer Center, 00180 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC (Necsa), Pelindaba 0001, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.G.B.); (I.O.L.); (K.M.G.M.); (N.P.M.); (M.V.)
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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103
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Destefanis E, Avşar G, Groza P, Romitelli A, Torrini S, Pir P, Conticello SG, Aguilo F, Dassi E. A mark of disease: how mRNA modifications shape genetic and acquired pathologies. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:367-389. [PMID: 33376192 PMCID: PMC7962492 DOI: 10.1261/rna.077271.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA modifications have recently emerged as a widespread and complex facet of gene expression regulation. Counting more than 170 distinct chemical modifications with far-reaching implications for RNA fate, they are collectively referred to as the epitranscriptome. These modifications can occur in all RNA species, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In mRNAs the deposition, removal, and recognition of chemical marks by writers, erasers and readers influence their structure, localization, stability, and translation. In turn, this modulates key molecular and cellular processes such as RNA metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and others. Unsurprisingly, given their relevance for cellular and organismal functions, alterations of epitranscriptomic marks have been observed in a broad range of human diseases, including cancer, neurological and metabolic disorders. Here, we will review the major types of mRNA modifications and editing processes in conjunction with the enzymes involved in their metabolism and describe their impact on human diseases. We present the current knowledge in an updated catalog. We will also discuss the emerging evidence on the crosstalk of epitranscriptomic marks and what this interplay could imply for the dynamics of mRNA modifications. Understanding how this complex regulatory layer can affect the course of human pathologies will ultimately lead to its exploitation toward novel epitranscriptomic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Destefanis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
| | - Gülben Avşar
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Paula Groza
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonia Romitelli
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Torrini
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pınar Pir
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Silvestro G Conticello
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Dassi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
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104
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Shen Q, Kalyani FS, Qu J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Zhou J. A Case of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Harboring an EML4-ALK Fusion with Partial Response to Crizotinib. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:e799-e803. [PMID: 33896729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Farhin Shaheed Kalyani
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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105
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Yang P, Cao R, Bao H, Wu X, Yang L, Zhu D, Zhang L, Peng L, Cai Y, Zhang W, Shao Y. Identification of Novel Alectinib-Resistant ALK Mutation G1202K with Sensitization to Lorlatinib: A Case Report and in silico Structural Modelling. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2131-2138. [PMID: 33790576 PMCID: PMC8007639 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s293901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance caused by G1202R/G1202del mutation in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) represents a great challenge in the clinic. The effect of other mutation(s) at G1202 on the available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinic remains unknown. Case Presentation A 50-year-old Chinese male non-smoker with lung adenocarcinoma progressed with spinal metastasis after receiving chest radiation together with Pemetrexed and Cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) identified EML4-ALK gene fusion in the resected left lung tissue. Local radiation followed by Crizotinib were used in the following treatment and the spinal metastasis was found to shrink, but the progression free survival (PFS) only lasted for 2 months with the appearance of brain metastasis. Afterwards, the patient benefited from the therapy of Alectinib with a PFS of 8 months. Then he progressed with metastases in right lung and pleural, and did not show response to the chemotherapy with Docetaxel plus Bevacizumab. The targeted sequencing consistently identified EML4-ALK gene fusion in both plasma and pleural effusion (PE), as well as a novel ALK G1202K mutation (c.3604_3605delGGinsAA). Given the lack of established or known drug treatment for this novel mutation, we implemented molecular dynamics (MD) simulation-guided drug sensitivity prediction, which results suggested Lorlatinib remains potent against G1202K mutant ALK. Therefore, Lorlatinib was used as the fourth-line therapy, which lead to the considerable efficacy with improved performance status (PS) score and reduced lung metastases. The structural mechanism underlying G1202K-induced drug resistance to different ALK-TKIs was also discussed. Conclusion Our case suggested the ALK-G1202K mutation may serve as a novel mechanism underlying the resistance to Alectinib, and provide direct evidence to support its sensitization to Lorlatinib. Our work represented an example of integrating in silico predictions into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Cai
- Department of Intervention, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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106
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Xie XH, Zhan ZJ, Qin YY, Jiang JH, Yin WQ, Zheng RH, Li SY, Zhou CZ. Case Report: Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Crizotinib Targeted Therapy in Stage IIIA-N2 ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655856. [PMID: 33816312 PMCID: PMC8010235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is challenging because there is no randomized controlled trial has been reported. The value of neoadjuvant and adjuvant targeted therapy remains unclear. Herein, we show that systemic treatment with ALK inhibitor crizotinib before surgery can provide the potential to cure the initially inoperable tumor. A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with a stage IIIAcT3N2M0 (7thUICC/AJCC) upper left lung adenocarcinoma harboring EML4-ALK fusion gene. Clinically, the patient had a large primary lesion adjacent to the pericardium and regional lymph node metastasis at the ipsilateral mediastinum. Poor tumor response was observed after 3 cycles of chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin), and upon multidisciplinary discussion, the patient was started with 250 mg crizotinib twice daily. Successive clinical examinations showed a progressive reduction of the lesions. After 2 months of therapy, the patient was downstaged to cT2aN2M0, then video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed and the final histopathological stage was ypT2aN2M0. The treatment with crizotinib (250 mg, qd) was continued more than 30 months post surgery and stopped until intracranial oligometastasis. The patient’s overall survival (OS) time is 68 months at last follow-up. This case presented here supports the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment with ALK inhibitors in ALK positive locally advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Jiang Zhan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Yin Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Hong Jiang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Yin
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zheng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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107
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Chang C, Sun X, Wang G, Yu H, Zhao W, Ge Y, Duan S, Qian X, Wang R, Lei B, Wang L, Liu L, Ruan M, Yan H, Liu C, Chen J, Xie W. A Machine Learning Model Based on PET/CT Radiomics and Clinical Characteristics Predicts ALK Rearrangement Status in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603882. [PMID: 33738250 PMCID: PMC7962599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement status examination has been widely used in clinic for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to find patients that can be treated with targeted ALK inhibitors. This study intended to non-invasively predict the ALK rearrangement status in lung adenocarcinomas by developing a machine learning model that combines PET/CT radiomic features and clinical characteristics. Methods Five hundred twenty-six patients of lung adenocarcinoma with PET/CT scan examination were enrolled, including 109 positive and 417 negative patients for ALK rearrangements from February 2016 to March 2019. The Artificial Intelligence Kit software was used to extract radiomic features of PET/CT images. The maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression were further employed to select the most distinguishable radiomic features to construct predictive models. The mRMR is a feature selection method, which selects the features with high correlation to the pathological results (maximum correlation), meanwhile retain the features with minimum correlation between them (minimum redundancy). LASSO is a statistical formula whose main purpose is the feature selection and regularization of data model. LASSO method regularizes model parameters by shrinking the regression coefficients, reducing some of them to zero. The feature selection phase occurs after the shrinkage, where every non-zero value is selected to be used in the model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the models, and the performance of different models was compared by the DeLong test. Results A total of 22 radiomic features were extracted from PET/CT images for constructing the PET/CT radiomic model, and majority of these features used were based on CT features (20 out of 22), only 2 PET features were included (PET percentile 10 and PET difference entropy). Moreover, three clinical features associated with ALK mutation (age, burr and pleural effusion) were also employed to construct a combined model of PET/CT and clinical model. We found that this combined model PET/CT-clinical model has a significant advantage to predict the ALK mutation status in the training group (AUC = 0.87) and the testing group (AUC = 0.88) compared with the clinical model alone in the training group (AUC = 0.76) and the testing group (AUC = 0.74) respectively. However, there is no significant difference between the combined model and PET/CT radiomic model. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PET/CT radiomics-based machine learning model has potential to be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to help diagnose ALK mutation status for lung adenocarcinoma patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center in Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center in Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Statistical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Ge
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostic Department, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostic Department, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Lei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center in Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maomei Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ciyi Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center in Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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108
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Li J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Shao L, Yan C, Ulivi P, Denis MG, Christopoulos P, Thomas de Montpréville V, Bernicker EH, van der Wekken AJ, Wang C, Yue D. Concomitant mutation status of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers and its prognostic impact on patients treated with crizotinib. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1525-1535. [PMID: 33889527 PMCID: PMC8044492 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement characterizes a subgroup of patients who show sensitivity to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the prognoses of these patients are heterogeneous. A better understanding of the genomic alterations occurring in these tumors could explain the prognostic heterogeneity observed in these patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with NSCLC with ALK detected by immunohistochemical staining (VENTANA anti-ALK(D5F3) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody). Cancer tissues were subjected to next-generation sequencing using a panel of 520 cancer-related genes. The genomic landscape, distribution of ALK fusion variants, and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were evaluated. The correlations of genomic alterations with clinical outcomes were also assessed. Results Among the 96 patients with immunohistochemically identified ALK fusions, 80 (83%) were confirmed by next-generation sequencing. TP53 mutation was the most commonly co-occurring mutation with ALK rearrangement. Concomitant driver mutations [2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) G12, 1 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 19del, and 1 MET exon 14 skipping] were also observed in 4 adenocarcinomas. Echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusions were identified in 95% of ALK-rearranged patients, with 16.2% of them also harboring additional non-EML4-ALK fusions. Nineteen non-EML4 translocation partners were also discovered, including 10 novel ones. Survival analyses revealed that patients concurrently harboring PIK3R2 alterations showed a trend toward shorter progression-free survival (6 vs. 13 months, P=0.064) and significantly shorter overall survival (11 vs. 32 months, P=0.004) than did PIK3R2-wild-type patients. Patients with concomitant alterations in PI3K the signaling pathway also had a shorter median overall survival than those without such alterations (23 vs. 32 months, P=0.014), whereas progression-free survival did not differ significantly. Conclusions The spectrum of ALK-fusion variants and the landscape of concomitant genomic alterations were delineated in 96 NSCLC patients. Our study also demonstrated the prognostic value of concomitant alterations in crizotinib-treated patients, which could facilitate improved stratification of ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients in the selection of candidates who could optimally benefit from therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marc G Denis
- Department of Biochemistry and INSERM U1232, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases at the Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Yue
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
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109
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Heydt C, Wölwer CB, Velazquez Camacho O, Wagener-Ryczek S, Pappesch R, Siemanowski J, Rehker J, Haller F, Agaimy A, Worm K, Herold T, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Kirchner T, Jung A, Kumbrink J, Goering W, Esposito I, Buettner R, Hillmer AM, Merkelbach-Bruse S. Detection of gene fusions using targeted next-generation sequencing: a comparative evaluation. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:62. [PMID: 33639937 PMCID: PMC7912891 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene fusions represent promising targets for cancer therapy in lung cancer. Reliable detection of multiple gene fusions is therefore essential. METHODS Five commercially available parallel sequencing assays were evaluated for their ability to detect gene fusions in eight cell lines and 18 FFPE tissue samples carrying a variety of known gene fusions. Four RNA-based assays and one DNA-based assay were compared; two were hybrid capture-based, TruSight Tumor 170 Assay (Illumina) and SureSelect XT HS Custom Panel (Agilent), and three were amplicon-based, Archer FusionPlex Lung Panel (ArcherDX), QIAseq RNAscan Custom Panel (Qiagen) and Oncomine Focus Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RESULTS The Illumina assay detected all tested fusions and showed the smallest number of false positive results. Both, the ArcherDX and Qiagen panels missed only one fusion event. Among the RNA-based assays, the Qiagen panel had the highest number of false positive events. The Oncomine Focus Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was the least adequate assay for our purposes, seven fusions were not covered by the assay and two fusions were classified as uncertain. The DNA-based SureSelect XT HS Custom Panel (Agilent) missed three fusions and nine fusions were only called by one software version. Additionally, many false positive fusions were observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, especially RNA-based parallel sequencing approaches are potent tools for reliable detection of targetable gene fusions in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heydt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christina B Wölwer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oscar Velazquez Camacho
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Wagener-Ryczek
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Pappesch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janna Siemanowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rehker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Goering
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Düesseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Düesseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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110
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Li Z, Xu D, Jing J, Li F. Network pharmacology-based study to explore the mechanism of the Yiqi Gubiao pill in lung cancer treatment. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 33692853 PMCID: PMC7933746 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has been one of the most prevalent and fatal malignancies in the past 5 years. Yiqi Gubiao pills have a good clinical effect against LC. However, their complex composition limits proper understanding of their pharmacological mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to systemically explore the underlying mechanisms of Yiqi Gubiao pills in treatment of LC. The network pharmacology approach was employed to identify the active ingredients and LC targets associated with Yiqi Gubiao pills. Prediction of potential active ingredients and action targets was then conducted through protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. In vitro experiments were then performed to further verify the mechanism of action of Yiqi Gubiao pills, revealing that the anti-LC effects were mediated by regulating the expression of IL6, TP53, albumin (ALB), MAPK3 and AKT1. In total, 102 active ingredients and 229 targets of Yiqi Gubiao pills were identified. The PPI network further revealed that AKT1, TP53, ALB, IL6 and MAPK3 were the top five hub genes associated with LC treatment. Targets of the Yiqi Gubiao pills were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt and Advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptors for AGEs (RAGE) signaling pathways. Overall, network pharmacology deciphered the active ingredients and potential targets of the Yiqi Gubiao pills. Yiqi Gubiao pills partially inhibited the progression of LC by regulating the expression of hub genes (AKT1, TP53, ALB, IL6 and MAPK3) through the PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. The findings of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Yiqi Gubiao pills in LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Respiratory Department, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Respiratory Department, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jing
- Respiratory Department, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Fengsen Li
- Respiratory Department, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
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111
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Tarantino P, Mazzarella L, Marra A, Trapani D, Curigliano G. The evolving paradigm of biomarker actionability: Histology-agnosticism as a spectrum, rather than a binary quality. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 94:102169. [PMID: 33652262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is progressively revolutionizing oncology, through the identification of biomarkers predictive of treatment response in cancer patients. For three of such biomarkers, namely NTRK-fusions, microsatellite instability and high tumor mutational burden, drugs have been approved by regulatory agencies regardless of tumor histology, realizing the paradigm of histology-agnostic actionability. Several additional biomarkers are being studied in a histology-agnostic manner, and may in the future expand this list. However, most available evidence suggest that histology-agnosticism may be the extreme of a continuous spectrum of actionability, rather than a binary quality. The present review recapitulates such evidence, highlighting opportunities and challenges posed by the emergence of the spectrum of biomarker actionability in the context of a prevalently histology-based oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tarantino
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Marra
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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112
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Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Issues in Genomics and Therapeutics. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:31. [PMID: 33582932 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid carcinoma with the most aggressive biological behaviour amongst thyroid cancer. Here, we review the current genomic and the impacts of advances in therapies to improve the management of patients with the cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Common mutations being identified in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are p53 and TERT promoter mutations. Other common mutated genes included BRAF, RAS, EIF1AX, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, SWI/SNF, ALK and CDKN2A. Changes in expression of different microRNAs are also involved in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Curative resection combined with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapies (such as anthracyclines, platins and taxanes) has been shown to have effects in the treatment of some patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Newer molecular targeted therapies in clinical trials target mostly the cell membrane kinase and downstream proteins. These include targeting the EGFR, FGFR, VEGFR, c-kit, PDGFR and RET on the cell membrane as well as VEGF itself and the downstream targets such as BRAF, MEK and mTOR. Immunotherapy is also being tested in the cancer. Updated knowledge of genomic as well as clinical trials on novel therapies is needed to improve the management of the patients with this aggressive cancer.
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113
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Molecules and Mechanisms to Overcome Oxidative Stress Inducing Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020105. [PMID: 33573162 PMCID: PMC7911715 DOI: 10.3390/life11020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules involved in signal transduction pathways with both beneficial and detrimental effects on human cells. ROS are generated by many cellular processes including mitochondrial respiration, metabolism and enzymatic activities. In physiological conditions, ROS levels are well-balanced by antioxidative detoxification systems. In contrast, in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, neurological and cancer diseases, ROS production exceeds the antioxidative detoxification capacity of cells, leading to cellular damages and death. In this review, we will first describe the biology and mechanisms of ROS mediated oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Second, we will review the role of oxidative stress mediated by oncological treatments in inducing cardiovascular disease. Lastly, we will discuss the strategies that potentially counteract the oxidative stress in order to fight the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, including that induced by oncological treatments.
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114
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Shui L, Ren H, Yang X, Li J, Chen Z, Yi C, Zhu H, Shui P. The Era of Radiogenomics in Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach to Support Diagnosis, Treatment Decisions, and Prognostication in Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570465. [PMID: 33575207 PMCID: PMC7870863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of new technologies, including artificial intelligence and genome sequencing, radiogenomics has emerged as a state-of-the-art science in the field of individualized medicine. Radiogenomics combines a large volume of quantitative data extracted from medical images with individual genomic phenotypes and constructs a prediction model through deep learning to stratify patients, guide therapeutic strategies, and evaluate clinical outcomes. Recent studies of various types of tumors demonstrate the predictive value of radiogenomics. And some of the issues in the radiogenomic analysis and the solutions from prior works are presented. Although the workflow criteria and international agreed guidelines for statistical methods need to be confirmed, radiogenomics represents a repeatable and cost-effective approach for the detection of continuous changes and is a promising surrogate for invasive interventions. Therefore, radiogenomics could facilitate computer-aided diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of the prognosis in patients with tumors in the routine clinical setting. Here, we summarize the integrated process of radiogenomics and introduce the crucial strategies and statistical algorithms involved in current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pixian Shui
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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115
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Hofman P. Detecting Resistance to Therapeutic ALK Inhibitors in Tumor Tissue and Liquid Biopsy Markers: An Update to a Clinical Routine Practice. Cells 2021; 10:168. [PMID: 33467720 PMCID: PMC7830674 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of most patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer is prolonged by several months when they are treated with first- and next-generation inhibitors targeting ALK rearrangements, but resistance inevitably emerges. Some of the mechanisms of resistance are sensitive to novel ALK inhibitors but after an initial tumor response, more or less long-term resistance sets in. Therefore, to adapt treatment it is necessary to repeat biological sampling over time to look for different mechanisms of resistance. To this aim it is essential to obtain liquid and/or tissue biopsies to detect therapeutic targets, in particular for the analysis of different genomic alterations. This review discusses the mechanisms of resistance to therapeutics targeting genomic alterations in ALK as well as the advantages and the limitations of liquid biopsies for their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Université Côte d’Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, 30 Avenue de la Voie Romaine, BP69, CEDEX 01, 06001 Nice, France; ; Tel.: +33-4-92-03-88-55; Fax: +33-4-92-88-50
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank BB-0033-00025, Université Côte d’Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06001 Nice, France
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116
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Cai C, Tang Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Tian P, Wang Y, Gong Y, Peng F, Zhang Y, Yu M, Wang K, Zhu J, Lu Y, Huang M. Distribution and therapeutic outcomes of intergenic sequence-ALK fusion and coexisting ALK fusions in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung Cancer 2021; 152:104-108. [PMID: 33444901 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with ALK rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) show survival benefits from tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI). Widely application of DNA sequencing revealed various rearrangement pattern in addition to single EML4-ALK fusion. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the distribution and coexistence of ALK rearrangement and therapeutic outcome of patients with ALK rearranged NSCLC. METHOD ALK positive NSCLC patients were screened at West China Hospital. NGS was performed on pre-treatment samples. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes were collected to retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Among the 89 patients with 22 ALK rearrangements, fusions of intergenic sequences with ALK were found in 15 (16.85 %). Non-EML4-ALK fusions were present in 18 patients (20.22 %). Coexistence of rearrangements were present in 16 patients (17.98 %). Intergenic sequence-ALK and non-EML4-ALK fusions occurred at higher rates in patients with at least two fusions (62.5 % versus 6.85 % for intergenic sequence-ALK, 62.5 % versus 10.96 % for non-EML4-ALK). There were 40 ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients receiving the first-line crizotinib. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.7 months when excluding three lost patients. In the seven patients who had at least two fusions, the median PFS was 11.9 months, compared with 9.0 months among those with single (p = 0.336). No significant difference in median PFS was found between patients with and without intergenic-ALK fusion (12.0 months versus 9.6 months, p = 0.989). The median PFS was 9.0 months in patients harboring a single EML4-ALK fusion versus 13.0 months in those with other ALK alterations (P = 0.890). The PFS of patients with single intergenic sequence-ALK fusion reached to 2.9 months, 27 months, and 28.9 months respectively. CONCLUSION Our study reports the distribution of intergenic sequence-ALK and coexisting fusions in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Intergenic sequence-ALK and non-EML4-ALK are prone to coexist with other fusions. Neither intergenic sequence-ALK nor coexistence of fusions had a significant effect on the therapeutic benefit of treatment with crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Youling Gong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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117
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The Prevalence of the EML4-ALK Fusion Gene in Cytology Specimens from Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Pulm Med 2020; 2020:3578748. [PMID: 33425389 PMCID: PMC7773471 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3578748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement is required to be assessed. However, data showing the prevalence of the ALK rearrangement is still deficient and is not yet available in Indonesia. This study used direct smear preparation from transthoracic needle specimens that are minimally invasive. The main objective of the study is to identify the prevalence of the ALK fusion rearrangement gene in cytological specimens. Materials and Methods A total of 35 direct smear preparations diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutation negative were involved in this study. The samples were taken between 2017 and 2019. These samples were examined for EML4-ALK fusion rearrangement gene using qRT-PCR. The EML4-ALK rearrangement status was determined by qRT-PCR with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Results A total of 28 (80%) samples were from males, and 7 samples were from females. Seven (20% 95% CI: 8.4%-36.9%) samples were EML4-ALK rearrangement positive. The average age of the patients was 63.5 years old. The most common sites of metastasis in this study were pleural cavity, bone, liver, and CNS. Conclusions qRT-PCR successfully identified EML4-ALK fusion rearrangement in direct smear preparations of lung adenocarcinoma. Direct smear samples can be used for EML4-ALK rearrangement detection using qRT-PCR. The EML4-ALK rearrangement gene has high prevalence in selected lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutation-negative populations. ALK inhibitors in lung cancer can be openly considered for use in Indonesian patients to improve the outcome of this subset of patients.
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118
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Gleue CA, Shah K, Wentworth A, Bridges A. Cutaneous sarcoid-like drug reaction caused by an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:425-428. [PMID: 33128468 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung cancers represent 4% to 6% of all pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusions are the most common subgroup. Herein, we report a case of two successive drug reactions due to ALK inhibitors. A 69-year-old female with stage IVB EML4-ALK fused lung adenocarcinoma developed a generalized morbilliform eruption 10 days after starting alectinib. Skin biopsy findings were consistent with a drug reaction. Her findings resolved after alectinib was discontinued. Another ALK inhibitor, lorlatinib was started and she developed multiple asymptomatic cutaneous and oral nodules 4 months later. Biopsies from these nodules showed sarcoidal granulomas without evidence of metastases or infection. ALK inhibitors are associated with numerous adverse events, including various cutaneous eruptions. However, a sarcoidal drug reaction involving the skin has not been reported. Identification of drug reactions to targeted therapy can avoid long-term sequelae and misinterpretation of the clinical findings as disease progression or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Gleue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kabeer Shah
- Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashley Wentworth
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alina Bridges
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Esteban-Villarrubia J, Soto-Castillo JJ, Pozas J, San Román-Gil M, Orejana-Martín I, Torres-Jiménez J, Carrato A, Alonso-Gordoa T, Molina-Cerrillo J. Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8529. [PMID: 33198314 PMCID: PMC7696731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) comprise more than 60 molecules that play an essential role in the molecular pathways, leading to cell survival and differentiation. Consequently, genetic alterations of TKRs may lead to tumorigenesis and, therefore, cancer development. The discovery and improvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against TKRs have entailed an important step in the knowledge-expansion of tumor physiopathology as well as an improvement in the cancer treatment based on molecular alterations over many tumor types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the different families of TKRs and their role in the expansion of tumor cells and how TKIs can stop these pathways to tumorigenesis, in combination or not with other therapies. The increasing growth of this landscape is driving us to strengthen the development of precision oncology with clinical trials based on molecular-based therapy over a histology-based one, with promising preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Javier Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - María San Román-Gil
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Inmaculada Orejana-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Javier Torres-Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
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Zhao S, Liu W, Li S, Shi T, Chen Q, Li Q, Sun L, Ren D, Song Z, Huang C, Xu S. A Case of Simultaneously Diagnosed Lung Adenocarcinoma and Endobronchial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Two Distinct Types of ALK Translocation. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:601-606. [PMID: 33091968 PMCID: PMC8053870 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiusong Chen
- Department of PET/CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Leina Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dian Ren
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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121
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Keppens C, von der Thüsen J, Pauwels P, Ryska A, 't Hart N, Schuuring E, Miller K, Thunnissen E, Zwaenepoel K, Dequeker EMC. Staining Performance of ALK and ROS1 Immunohistochemistry and Influence on Interpretation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1438-1452. [PMID: 33011443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection of non-small-cell lung cancer patients for treatment relies on the detection of expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We evaluated staining performance for different IHC protocols and laboratory characteristics, and their influence on ALK and ROS1 interpretation during external quality assessment schemes between 2015 and 2018. Participants received five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cases for staining by their routine protocol, whereafter at least two pathologists scored them simultaneously under a multihead microscope and awarded a graded expert staining score (ESS) from 1 to 5 points based on staining quality. European Conformity in Vitro Diagnostic kits (such as D5F3) revealed a better ALK ESS compared with laboratory-developed tests. ESS was indifferent to the applied antibody dilution or a recent protocol change. Lower ESSs were observed for higher antibody incubation times and temperatures. ESS for various ROS1 protocols were largely similar. Overall, for both markers, ESS improved over time and for repeated external quality assessment participation but was independent of laboratory setting or experience. Except for ROS1, ESS positively correlated with laboratory accreditation. IHC stains with lower ESS correlated with increased error rates in ALK and ROS1 interpretation and analysis failures. Laboratory characteristics differently affected staining quality and interpretation, and laboratories should assess both aspects, and less common protocols need improvement in staining performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Keppens
- Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ales Ryska
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nils 't Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Miller
- UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunocytochemistry and in Situ Hybridisation, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth M C Dequeker
- Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Andolina JR. StALKing Histiocytosis: ALK-Positive Histiocytosis Identified through Peripheral Blood Smear. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:241-243. [PMID: 32980847 DOI: 10.1159/000509924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Andolina
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA,
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123
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Tao H, Shi L, Zhou A, Li H, Gai F, Huang Z, Che N, Liu Z. Distribution of EML4-ALK fusion variants and clinical outcomes in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 149:154-161. [PMID: 33017727 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The molecular profiles and prognosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion and resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the distribution of ALK fusion variants and prognostic factors in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among the 93 ALK positive surgical patients screened by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 63 patients were confirmed as ALK rearrangement by next-generation sequencing (NGS), including 55 cases of stage I-III and 8 cases of stage IV. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, the distribution of ALK fusion variants and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS All of the 55 early stage patients were histological adenocarcinoma. No other fusion types were found except for echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4- anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK). EML4-ALK variant 1 (E13:A20; 25/55, 45.5 %) was the predominant variant type, followed by EML4-ALK variant 3 (E6:A20; 19/55, 34.5 %) and variant 2 (E20:A20; 8/55, 14.5 %). Concomitant mutations occurred in 22 patients (22/55, 40.0 %), which involved in 32 co-mutations from 12 kinds of mutated genes. TP53 mutations were most common in coexisting mutations (13/32, 40.6 %). TP53 mutations were less frequently occurred in variant 1 group (3/25, 12.0 %) than in non-variant 1 group (10/30, 33.3 %, P = 0.064). The median disease-free survival (DFS) of the 55 patients was 22.1 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not mature at the time of analysis. Multivariable analysis showed that stage T3 and EML4-ALK variant 3 were independent prognostic factors for shorter DFS. Neither TP53 mutations nor any coexisting mutations were related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the patterns of EML4-ALK fusion variants and gene profiles in patients with resected NSCLC. Advanced T stage and EML4-ALK variant 3 were associated with worse prognosis. The role of TP53 mutations in prognosis is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Aoxue Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gai
- Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhan Huang
- Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
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Zheng J, Cao H, Li Y, Rao C, Zhang T, Luo J, Lv D, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Zhou J. Effectiveness and prognostic factors of first-line crizotinib treatment in patients with ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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125
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Mansuet-Lupo A, Garinet S, Damotte D, Alifano M, Blons H, Wislez M, Leroy K. Les réarrangements moléculaires : cibles thérapeutiques en cancérologie thoracique. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:896-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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126
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Cai C, Long Y, Li Y, Huang M. Coexisting of COX7A2L-ALK, LINC01210-ALK, ATP13A4-ALK and Acquired SLCO2A1-ALK in a Lung Adenocarcinoma with Rearrangements Loss During the Treatment of Crizotinib and Ceritinib: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8313-8316. [PMID: 32903930 PMCID: PMC7445493 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s258067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK rearrangements account for ~5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Numerous rearrangement partners have been discovered. Here, we describe a 53-year-old nonsmoker with NSCLC, in whom we identified four novel rearrangements. The patient was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma in the right middle lobe of lung, with metastases in subcarinal lymph node, ipsilateral lung, pleura and contralateral rib (cT4N2M1, stage IV). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified three baseline ALK fusions: COX7A2L–ALK (C[intragenic]:A20), LINC01210–ALK (L[intergenic]:A20) and ATP13A4–ALK (A9:A19). The patient exhibited 12 months of progression-free survival (PFS) and a partial response (PR) to first-line crizotinib therapy. We then discovered a new SLCO2A1–ALK fusion (S[intergenic]:A18) and a missense mutation C1156Y after resistance developed. Sequential ceritinib resulted in further 8 months of PFS, after which NGS results demonstrated the loss of ATP13A4–ALK and SLCO2A1–ALK. This is the first description a NSCLC patient harbors four ALK fusions and was sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Acquisition and loss of ALK fusions after ALK inhibitors may account for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Long
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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127
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Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
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128
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Buck JR, Saleh S, Claus T, Lovly C, Hight MR, Nickels ML, Noor Tantawy M, Charles Manning H. N-[ 18F]-Fluoroacetylcrizotinib: A potentially potent and selective PET tracer for molecular imaging of non-small cell lung cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127257. [PMID: 32631505 PMCID: PMC7357882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-[18F]fluoroacetylcrizotinib, a fluorine-18 labeled derivative of the first FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), crizotinib, was successfully synthesized for use in positron emission tomography (PET). Sequential in vitro biological evaluation of fluoracetylcrizotinib and in vivo biodistribution studies of [18F]fluoroacetylcrizotinib demonstrated that the biological activity of the parent compound remained unchanged, with potent ALK kinase inhibition and effective tumor growth inhibition. These results show that [18F]fluoroacetylcrizotinib has the potential to be a promising PET ligand for use in NSCLC imaging. The utility of PET in this context provides a non-invasive, quantifiable method to inform on the pharmacokinetics of an ALK-inhibitor such as crizotinib prior to a clinical trial, as well as during a trial in the event of acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Buck
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Samir Saleh
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Trey Claus
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Christine Lovly
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, United States; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Matthew R Hight
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Michael L Nickels
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - M Noor Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, United States; Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States.
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129
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Ancel J, Dewolf M, Deslée G, Nawrocky-Raby B, Dalstein V, Gilles C, Polette M. Clinical Impact of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer as a Biomarker Assisting in Therapeutic Decisions. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:91-109. [PMID: 32750701 DOI: 10.1159/000510103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid cancers and represents the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Over the last decade, research on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer has gained increasing attention. Here, we review clinical and histological features of non-small-cell lung cancer associated with EMT. We then aimed to establish potential clinical implications of EMT in current therapeutic options, including surgery, radiation, targeted therapy against oncogenic drivers, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ancel
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Dewolf
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Nawrocky-Raby
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Pathologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, P3Cell UMR-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Pathologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
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130
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Waterhouse DM, Espirito JL, Chioda MD, Baidoo B, Mardekian J, Robert NJ, Masters ET. Retrospective Observational Study of ALK-Inhibitor Therapy Sequencing and Outcomes in Patients with ALK-Positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2020; 7:261-269. [PMID: 32725539 PMCID: PMC7581667 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-020-00207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are sparse concerning the sequential use of multiple anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors for ALK-positive locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OBJECTIVE This study investigated sequencing and outcomes among patients receiving multiple ALK inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients with ALK-positive NSCLC treated with available first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors from 1 September 2011 to 31 December 2017. Duration of therapy (DOT) and overall survival (OS) were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to assess if DOT with a preceding ALK inhibitor was predictive of DOT for subsequent ALK inhibitor treatments. RESULTS A total of 410 patients were analyzed: 57% received 1 ALK inhibitor; 35%, 2 ALK inhibitors; and 8%, 3-4 ALK inhibitors. Among those receiving > 1 ALK inhibitor (n = 177), 60% received a crizotinib-led sequence and 39% an alectinib-led sequence. Nearly 60% of the overall population received chemotherapy prior to their first ALK inhibitor. Median OS for the study population was 28 months, 15 months in patients who received 1 ALK inhibitor, 42 months in patients who received 2 ALK inhibitors, and 56 months in patients who received 3-4 ALK inhibitors. Longer DOT of the first ALK inhibitor was associated with increased DOT of the second (p < 0.0001), and longer DOT of the second ALK inhibitor was associated with increased DOT of the third (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial information on real-world treatment patterns following the introduction of new ALK inhibitors, and supports the use of sequential ALK therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Waterhouse
- Oncology Hematology Care/The US Oncology Network, 5053 Wooster Rd, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA.
| | - Janet L Espirito
- McKesson Life Sciences, 10101 Woodloch Forest, The Woodlands, TX, 77380, USA
| | - Marc D Chioda
- Pfizer, Inc., 235 E 42nd St., New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Bismark Baidoo
- McKesson Life Sciences, 10101 Woodloch Forest, The Woodlands, TX, 77380, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Robert
- McKesson Life Sciences, 10101 Woodloch Forest, The Woodlands, TX, 77380, USA
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131
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Byakhova MM, Zavalishina LE, AndreevA YY, Tyulyandin SA, Tsimafeyeu IV, Imyanitov EN, Savelov NA, Demidova IA, Kekeyeva TV, Mueva NM, Frank GA. [Epidemiology and diagnosis of mutations in the ALK gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the Moscow region]. Arkh Patol 2020; 82:18-23. [PMID: 32593262 DOI: 10.17116/patol20208203118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY To determine a diagnostic algorithm for detecting translocation of the ALK gene and its frequency in the Moscow region. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the priod between 2014 and 2018 (inclusive), 488 patients without activating mutations in the EGFR gene in the Moscow region were tested. To detect translocation of the ALK gene, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods, an immunohistochemical method, and, in some cases, a polymerase chain reaction were used. RESULTS Revealed ALK gene rearrangement in a population of patients with lung adenocarcinoma amounted to an average of 7.6% of cases. With this, the main method that we used was immunohistochemical method, applicable in more than 80% of cases. The use of other methods for verification of abnormalities in the ALK gene was found necessary in rare cases (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS Using the algorithm presented in the article, it was possible to detect ALK gene rearrangement in a population of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the Moscow region in an average of 7.6% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Byakhova
- Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - L E Zavalishina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu AndreevA
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Tyulyandin
- National Medical Research Center for Oncology named after N. N. Blokhin, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E N Imyanitov
- National Medical Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Savelov
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - I A Demidova
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - T V Kekeyeva
- Medical Genetic Research Center named after Acad. N.P. Bochkov, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Mueva
- Aston Consulting JSC, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Frank
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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132
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Gaponova AV, Rodin S, Mazina AA, Volchkov PV. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Cancer Progression and the Perspectives of Antitumor Treatment. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:4-23. [PMID: 33173593 PMCID: PMC7604894 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 90% of all malignant tumors are of epithelial nature. The epithelial tissue is characterized by a close interconnection between cells through cell-cell interactions, as well as a tight connection with the basement membrane, which is responsible for cell polarity. These interactions strictly determine the location of epithelial cells within the body and are seemingly in conflict with the metastatic potential that many cancers possess (the main criteria for highly malignant tumors). Tumor dissemination into vital organs is one of the primary causes of death in patients with cancer. Tumor dissemination is based on the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process when epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells possessing high mobility and migration potential. More and more studies elucidating the role of the EMT in metastasis and other aspects of tumor progression are published each year, thus forming a promising field of cancer research. In this review, we examine the most recent data on the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms that activate EMT and the role they play in various aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, apoptotic resistance, and immune evasion, aspects that have usually been attributed exclusively to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In conclusion, we provide a detailed review of the approved and promising drugs for cancer therapy that target the components of the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Gaponova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - S. Rodin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - A. A. Mazina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - P. V. Volchkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
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133
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Liu Y, Wu S, Shi X, Lu L, Zhu L, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zeng X. Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of fusion-induced asymmetric transcription assay-based reverse transcription droplet digital PCR for ALK detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2252-2261. [PMID: 32543087 PMCID: PMC7396369 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is the prerequisite for anti-ALK therapy for the patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fusion-induced asymmetric transcription assay (FIATA)-based reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) was developed and performed for ALK status survey in NSCLC samples. METHODS A total of 269 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from NSCLC, in which ALK status was confirmed by both fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), were analyzed by FIATA-based RT-ddPCR. RESULTS In the ALK-positive group, the 3' ALK transcript copies range was 336.6-107 955.4, and the R3 [(the ratio of the 3' ALK transcript copy numbers to the internal reference gene transcript copy numbers) × 100] was 17.23-672.77. In the ALK-negative group, the 3' ALK transcript copies range was 3.7-1370.6, and the R3 range was 0.10-15.57. The lowest R3 level in the ALK-positive group was significantly higher than the highest R3 level in the ALK-negative group. A positive correlation between the proportion of cancer cells in the tissue section and ALK RNA expression level (R3) was found (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between the percentage of FISH positive cells or FISH positive signal patterns and R3 level of the ALK gene. Compared with FISH and IHC, the clinical sensitivity and specificity of FIATA-based RT-ddPCR for ALK detection were 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An absolute quantitative FIATA-based RT-ddPCR was developed and validated for ALK fusion detection in NSCLC. This method can rapidly, accurately, and objectively classify ALK types and help with individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shafei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linping Lu
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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El Darsa H, Abdel-Rahman O, Sangha R. Pharmacological and clinical properties of lorlatinib in the treatment of ALK-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1547-1554. [PMID: 32511029 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1774552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 3-7% of advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are driven by an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. Crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, and brigatinib are active ALK inhibitors (ALKi) used to treat this oncogene-driven subset of NSCLC. Resistance occurs with time to ALKi and new therapeutics are being developed. Lorlatinib is an efficacious third-generation ALKi with an ability to overcome resistance mutations that develop with first- or second-generation ALKi. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety of lorlatinib and provide their future perspectives on this drug. EXPERT COMMENTARY Lorlatinib is a potent ALK and ROS-1 inhibitor that also has activity against many acquired ALK resistance mutations. Clinical trials show the robust systemic and intracranial anti-tumor activity of lorlatinib in ALK rearranged advanced NSCLC. Adverse events of lorlatinib are unique and manageable. These include hypocholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, edema, cognitive effects, weight gain, and diarrhea. Loratinib will play an increasing role in the management of ALK-rearranged NSCLC with the optimal sequencing of ALKi undergoing further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar El Darsa
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Randeep Sangha
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute , Edmonton, Canada
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135
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Investigation on the prognostic impact of concurrent genomic alterations in crizotinib-treated EML4-ALK-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:209-216. [PMID: 32563740 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the efficacy of crizotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with genomic rearrangement between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), clinical outcomes are heterogeneous among these patients. In our study, we investigated concurrent molecular factors that could contribute to the heterogeneity of their clinical outcomes to crizotinib therapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and targeted sequencing data from 32 crizotinib-treated patients with EML4-ALK-rearranged advanced NSCLC. RESULTS Analysis of the mutation profile revealed the detection of concurrent deleterious mutations in 17 patients (53 %, 17/32). Of which, 5 patients had deleterious copy number variations and 12 patients had deleterious single nucleotide variations. Seven patients did not harbor any concurrent mutations from the genes included in the panel. The remaining 8 patients harbored concurrent mutations which were either non-deleterious or variants of uncertain significance. TP53, detected from 34 % (11/32) of the patients and the most commonly co-occurring mutation in our cohort, was not significantly associated with survival outcomes. Interestingly, significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.032) was observed in patients harboring concurrent deleterious mutations, particularly copy number amplifications (PFS, P = 0.0021; OS, P = 0.034), than those without concurrent deleterious mutations. Harboring more copy number variations, reflected by chromosomal fluctuation coefficient varscore, was associated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that concurrent deleterious mutations, particularly copy number amplifications in oncogenic genes have prognostic implications in patients with EML4-ALK-rearranged NSCLC receiving crizotinib therapy. These observations advance the understanding of the heterogeneity of treatment responses among patients with EML4-ALK-rearranged tumors.
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136
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Frequency of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in Moroccan patients with non small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional national retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:479. [PMID: 32460789 PMCID: PMC7251848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is a predictive factor of response to ALK inhibitors in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence of ALK rearrangements is well known in Whites and Asians. However, data identifying the frequency of this rearrangement in Moroccan and North African population are lacking. The objective of this study is to report the frequency of ALK rearrangement in a group of Moroccan patients with NSCLC. Methods A retrospective study was performed enrolling 120 Moroccan patients with NSCLC whose biopsy samples were tested for ALK rearrangement in order to identify the frequency of ALK rearrangement and its potential association with selected variables. The ALK testing was established using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The frequency of ALK rearrangement was 4.2% (5/120). All positive cases were males with advanced adenocarcinoma. ALK rearrangements prevalence was significantly higher in older patients. Conclusions The frequency of ALK rearrangements among the Moroccan population tends to correlate with the average frequency reported worldwide, with some specific features. Further prospective studies with larger patients’ numbers are needed to verify these findings.
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137
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Liu J, Yan J, Mao R, Ren G, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Li M, Qiu Q, Wang L, Liu G, Jin S, Ma L, Ma Y, Zhao N, Zhang H, Lin B. Exome sequencing identified six copy number variations as a prediction model for recurrence of primary prostate cancers with distinctive prognosis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2231-2242. [PMID: 35117583 PMCID: PMC8798897 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common type of malignancy, which represents one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide. Copy number variations (CNVs) and gene fusions play important roles in PCa and may serve as markers for the prognosis of this condition. Methods We have presently conducted an analysis of CNVs and gene fusions in PCa, using whole exome sequencing (WES) data of primary tumors. For this, a cohort of 74 PCa patients, including 30 recurrent and 44 non-recurrent cases, were assessed during 5 years of follow-up. Results We have identified 66 CNVs that were specific to the primary tumor tissues from the recurrent PCa group. Most of duplicated genomic regions were located in 8q2, suggesting that this chromosomal region could be important for the prognosis of PCa. Meanwhile, we have developed a random forest model, using six selected CNVs, with an accuracy near 90% for predicting PCa recurrence according to a 10-fold cross validation. In addition, we have detected 16 recurrent oncogenic gene fusions in PCa. Among these, ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase)-involved fusions were the most common type of gene fusion (n=7). Four of these fusions (i.e., EML4-ALK, STRN-ALK, CLTC-ALK, ETV6-ALK) were previously identified in other cancer types, while the remaining three gene fusions (FRYL-ALK, ABL1-ALK, and BCR-ALK) were here identified. Conclusions Our findings expand the current understanding in regard to prostate carcinogenesis. Current data might be further used for assay development as well as to predict PCa recurrence, using primary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ruifang Mao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingchong Qiu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanfeng Liu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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138
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Wu X, Wang W, Zou B, Li Y, Yang X, Liu N, Ma Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li D. Novel NLRC4-ALK and EML4-ALK double fusion mutations in a lung adenocarcinoma patient: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1695-1698. [PMID: 32212216 PMCID: PMC7262889 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements have been reported in 5% to 6% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the concurrent existence of two ALK fusions within the same patient have rarely previously been reported. Moreover, considering the diversities of ALK mutations, it is necessary to evaluate the response of both double and new types of ALK fusions to ALK‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs). Here, we report a case of a 64‐year‐old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) who concurrently harbored two types of ALK‐rearrangements, including an unreported NLRC4‐ALK fusion and EML4‐ALK fusion. After surgery, the patient had a progression‐free survival (PFS) of over 10 months with continuous crizotinib treatment after surgery. Our findings provide a better understanding of ALK‐TKI in patients with two novel ALK concomitant fusions. Key points A lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring concurrent NLRC4‐ALK and EML4‐ALK fusion mutations benefited from crizotinib after surgery. Our findings provide important information for future treatment decision‐making in patients with double ALK fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiya Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhi Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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139
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New-Generation Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor Experience in a Case With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: High Efficacy but Unexpected Toxicity. Am J Ther 2020; 28:e799-e801. [PMID: 32205506 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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140
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Chen HF, Wang WX, Xu CW, Huang LC, Li XF, Lan G, Zhai ZQ, Zhu YC, Du KQ, Lei L, Fang MY. A novel SOS1-ALK fusion variant in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and a remarkable response to crizotinib. Lung Cancer 2020; 142:59-62. [PMID: 32114282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transforming anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements are well known as a unique subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations other than EGFR. Currently, crizotinib is the standard first-line treatment for ALK-positive NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS With advances in detection methods, more and more uncommon ALK fusion partners have been identified. Herein we present a novel SOS1-ALK fusion and the efficacy of crizotinib in an advanced NSCLC patient harboring this type of fusion. RESULTS A 52-year-old Chinese man had left upper lobe primary NSCLC and synchronous multiple lung metastases (cT2N3M1, stage IV). The ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of palpable left supraclavicular lymph nodes and the results of immunohistochemistry staining supported the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Using a next-generation sequencing assay (NGS), we showed that the tumor had a SOS1-ALK fusion which the breakpoints was (S2, A20) rather than other actionable mutations. Therefore, the patient received first-line crizotinib and experienced a remarkable tumor response and has tolerated crizotinib well until this writing. CONCLUSION Considering this rare SOS1-ALK fusion and remarkable response to an ALK-inhibitor, it is important to be aware of the presence of SOS1-ALK fusions in patients with advanced NSCLC to better guide targeted therapy. Precision methods, such as NGS for oncogenic alteration detection, should also be encouraged in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian 350014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lan
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Qiang Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Cai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qi Du
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei-Yu Fang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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141
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Tian P, Liu Y, Zeng H, Tang Y, Lizaso A, Ye J, Shao L, Li Y. Unique molecular features and clinical outcomes in young patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring ALK fusion genes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:935-944. [PMID: 31894386 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the molecular features and clinical outcomes of young patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ALK fusion genes. METHODS We interrogated the genomic profile of 1652 patients with lung cancer who underwent targeted next-generation sequencing to screen for candidate oncogenic drivers using histological specimens acquired from January 2016 to December 2018. RESULTS ALK fusions were identified in 101 NSCLC patients, and 52 of them were diagnosed before the age of 50 years (52/367, 14.2%). Of the 52 patients with early-onset disease, 22 (42.3%) were male and 43 (82.7%) never smoked; the median patient age was 44 years (range 28-50 years). The most frequently occurring ALK fusion partner was EML4, which was identified in 80.8% (42/52) of young patients. Compared to the older patients, patients with early-onset disease were more likely to harbor EML4-ALK variant 1 (38.5% vs. 14.3%; P = 0.007). We also identified rare ALK fusions, including CHRNA7-ALK, TACR1-ALK, HIP1-ALK, DYSF-ALK and ITGAV-ALK, in patients with early-onset disease, and patients with these fusions responded well to crizotinib treatment. A statistically significant difference was observed in progression-free survival (PFS) between the young patients and older patients who received crizotinib as the first-line therapy (17.5 months vs 9.0 months, P = 0.048). However, the median PFS of young patients harboring concurrent TP53 mutations was only 6.2 months. CONCLUSION Unique genetic characteristics were found in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients with early disease onset, and these patients responded better to crizotinib and had longer PFS compared to patients with later disease onset. However, patients with concomitant TP53 mutations may not have a significant response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Junyi Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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142
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Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis for Patients with Oncogene-Addicted NSCLC With Isolated Central Nervous System Progression. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 15:383-391. [PMID: 31843682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with oncogene-addicted NSCLC and isolated central nervous system progression (iCNS), tissue biopsy is challenging, and the clinical utility of plasma liquid biopsy (i.e., circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA]) is unknown. METHODS Patients with advanced NSCLC with known baseline genomic alteration (GA) (EGFR, ALK, BRAF, KRAS, HER2, ROS1, MET, PIK3CA, STK11, TP53) on tissue were divided into three groups on the basis of their disease progression pattern: iCNS, extra-CNS only (noCNS), or both (cCNS). All patients with available plasma ctDNA were included and were analyzed by next-generation sequencing InVisionFirst-Lung. ctDNA was considered positive if at least one GA was detected. Cell-free tumor DNA was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid when available. RESULTS Out of 517 patients screened, 247 were included: 54 had iCNS, 99 had noCNS, and 94 had cCNS progressive disease (64, 128, and 110 ctDNA samples, respectively). CtDNA was positive in 52% iCNS versus 84% in noCNS and 92% in cCNS (p < 0.00001), with lower detection of driver (37% versus 77% and 73%, respectively) and resistance alterations (6% versus 45% and 44%). Patients with iCNS and positive ctDNA were more at risk of extra-CNS progression (32% versus 7%, p = 0.026). In 12 patients with iCNS, ctDNA was positive in six (50%) plasma and in 10 (83%) paired cerebrospinal fluid (p = 0.193). CONCLUSIONS Although tagged amplicon-based next-generation sequencing has high detection rates of GA in plasma ctDNA in patients with NSCLC with extra-CNS disease, detection rate of GAs (52%) is lower in the subset of patients with iCNS disease. Complementary tests such as cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA may be useful. Further evidence would be beneficial to understand the genomic landscape in patients with NSCLC and iCNS.
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A review of predictive, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer: towards personalised and targeted cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396919000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Lung cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to the lack of early detection or outward signs and symptoms, thereby often progressing to advanced stages (e.g., stage IV) before it is diagnosed. However, if lung cancers can be diagnosed at an early stage and also if clinicians can prospectively identify patients likely to respond to specific treatments, then there is a very high potential to increase patients’ survival. In recent years, several investigations have been conducted to identify cancer biomarkers for lung cancer risk assessment, early detection and diagnosis, the likelihood of identifying the group of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment and monitoring patient response to treatment.Materials and Methods:This paper reports on the review of 19 current clinical and emerging biomarkers used in risk assessment, screening for early detection and diagnosis and monitoring the response of treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers.Conclusion:The future holds promise for personalised and targeted medicine from prevention, diagnosis to treatment, which take into account individual patient’s variability, though it depends on the development of effective biomarkers interrogating the key aberrant pathways and potentially targetable with molecular targeted or immunologic therapies. Lung cancer biomarkers have the potential to guide clinical decision-making since they can potentially detect the disease early, measure the risk of developing the disease and the risk of progression, provide accurate information of patient response to a specific treatment and are capable of informing clinicians about the likely outcome of a cancer diagnosis independent of the treatment received. Moreover, lung cancer biomarkers are increasingly linked to specific molecular pathway deregulations and/or cancer pathogenesis and can be used to justify the application of certain therapeutic or interventional strategies.
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Ding Y, Zhang L, Guo L, Wu C, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Ma J, Li X, Ji P, Wang M, Zhu W, Shi C, Li S, Wu W, Zhu W, Xiao D, Fu C, He Q, Sun R, Mao X, Lizaso A, Li B, Han-Zhang H, Zhang Z. Comparative study on the mutational profile of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant histologic subtypes in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:103-112. [PMID: 31692283 PMCID: PMC6938761 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinction in the mutational profile between the common histological types, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC) has been well-established. However, comprehensive mutation profiles of the predominant histological subtypes within LUAD and LUSC remains elusive. METHODS We analyzed the mutational profile of 318 Chinese NSCLC patients of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant subtypes from seven hospitals using capture-based ultra-deep sequencing of 68 lung cancer-related genes. RESULTS Of the 318 NSCLC patients, 215 were diagnosed with LUAD and 103 with LUSC. Adenocarcinoma in situ and acinar adenocarcinoma were the most predominant subtypes of LUAD. On the other hand, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the most predominant subtype of LUSC. Among the LUAD subtypes, EGFR sensitizing mutations were most prevalent in the invasive lepidic subtype. More than half of the patients with preinvasive adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive, acinar, micropapillary and papillary subtypes were also EGFR-mutants. Patients with colloidal, invasive mucinous, and fetal subtypes had the least number of EGFR mutations. Moreover, KRAS mutations were prevalent in patients with invasive mucinous, colloid, enteric and solid subtypes. A total of 90% of the LUSC patients harbor mutations in TP53, wherein all patients except five with nonkeratinizing were TP53 mutants. PIK3CA amplifications were most prevalent in keratinizing, followed by basaloid and nonkeratinizing subtypes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the mutational profiles among the predominant histological subtypes were very distinct, which provided a reliable tool to improve treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Molecular Diagnostic Center, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Ji
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sanen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuyan He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bing Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Pinsolle J, McLeer-Florin A, Giaj Levra M, de Fraipont F, Emprou C, Gobbini E, Toffart AC. Translating Systems Medicine Into Clinical Practice: Examples From Pulmonary Medicine With Genetic Disorders, Infections, Inflammations, Cancer Genesis, and Treatment Implication of Molecular Alterations in Non-small-cell Lung Cancers and Personalized Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:233. [PMID: 31737634 PMCID: PMC6828737 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) represent 85% of all lung cancers, with adenocarcinoma as the most common subtype. Since the 2000's, the discovery of molecular alterations including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements together with the development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has facilitated the development of personalized medicine in the management of this disease. This review focuses on the biology of molecular alterations in NSCLC as well as the diagnostic tools and therapeutic alternatives available for each targetable alteration. Rapid and sensitive methods are essential to detect gene alterations, using tumor tissue biopsies or liquid biopsies. Massive parallel sequencing or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) allows to simultaneously analyze numerous genes from relatively low amounts of DNA. The detection of oncogenic fusions can be conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or NGS. EGFR mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, MET (MET proto-oncogenereceptor tyrosine kinase), BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogen serine/threonine kinase), NTRK (neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase), and RET (ret proto-oncogene) alterations are described with their respective TKIs, either already authorized or still in development. We have herein paid particular attention to the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR and ALK-TKI. As a wealth of diagnostic tools and personalized treatments are currently under development, a close collaboration between molecular biologists, pathologists, and oncologists is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Pinsolle
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne McLeer-Florin
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Departement of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Giaj Levra
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Environmental Toxicology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence de Fraipont
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Environmental Toxicology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Emprou
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Departement of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Gobbini
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Toffart
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Quantitative detection of ALK fusion breakpoints in plasma cell-free DNA from patients with non-small cell lung cancer using PCR-based target sequencing with a tiling primer set and two-step mapping/alignment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222233. [PMID: 31513617 PMCID: PMC6742348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have been demonstrated to be effective for lung cancer patients with an ALK fusion gene. Application of liquid biopsy, i.e., detection and quantitation of the fusion product in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), could improve clinical practice. To detect ALK fusions, because fusion breakpoints occur somewhere in intron 19 of the ALK gene, sequencing of the entire intron is required to locate breakpoints. Results We constructed a target sequencing system using an adapter and a set of primers that cover the entire ALK intron 19. This system can amplify fragments, including breakpoints, regardless of fusion partners. The data analysis pipeline firstly detected fusions by alignment to selected target sequences, and then quantitated the fusion alleles aligning to the identified breakpoint sequences. Performance was validated using 20 cfDNA samples from ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients and samples from 10 healthy volunteers. Sensitivity and specificity were 50 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated that PCR-based target sequencing using a tiling primer set and two-step mapping/alignment quantitatively detected ALK fusions in cfDNA from lung cancer patients. The system offers an alternative to existing approaches based on hybridization capture.
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Hamilton G, Hochmair MJ. An evaluation of brigatinib as a promising treatment option for non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1551-1561. [PMID: 31328968 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1643839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Brigatinib is a second-line inhibitor for the treatment of rearranged anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung cancer patients which has significant activity against brain metastases. This tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) overcomes a wide range of ALK mutations which confer therapeutic resistance and is increasingly applied in first-line therapy due to improved benefit for patients compared to crizotinib, the current standard of care. Areas covered: The authors review the development and characteristics of brigatinib and discuss the optimal clinical use and sequence of the application of ALK inhibitors in patients progressing under therapy. Expert opinion: ALK-rearranged NSCLC can be treated with a broad range of approved and novel inhibitors at various stages of therapy, including the second-line therapeutic brigatinib. Besides this TKI, the second-line ALK inhibitors alectinib and ceritinib, as well as the third-line lorlatinib are approved for the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC patients. The main challenge is to find sequences and combinations of ALK inhibitors which provide the best benefit for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - M J Hochmair
- Respiratory Oncology Unit, Otto Wagner Hospital , Vienna , Austria
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Rapoport B, Arani RB, Mathieson N, Krendyukov A. Meta-analysis comparing incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia with ALK inhibitors and chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2163-2174. [PMID: 31116035 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This meta-analysis compared incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia with ALK inhibitors versus chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Materials & methods: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched to identify Phase II and III randomized clinical trials published up to 25 October 2018. Summary incidence, relative risk and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated for grade 3-4 neutropenia. Results: Five randomized clinical trials were included. Relative risk (95% CI) of developing grade 3-4 neutropenia with ALK inhibitor versus chemotherapy was 0.27 (0.07-1.06). Probabilities of developing grade 3-4 neutropenia were 6.56 and 14.19%, respectively; no significant difference was found. Conclusion: In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia with ALK-targeted therapy is not significantly different compared with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa
| | - Ramin B Arani
- Biostatistics, Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dina Hashoul
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion– Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rocco D, Della Gravara L, Battiloro C, Gridelli C. First-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement: state of the art and future development. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 16:315-321. [PMID: 30920858 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1600824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 5% of all diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor a genetic rearrangement between the ALK and EML4 genes, representing a specific molecular, histological and clinical subgroup (ALK+ NSCLC). To date, upfront treatment with ALK-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) has replaced chemotherapy in the first line setting for this subset of patients with excellent results. However, all treated patients eventually develop acquired resistance mechanisms to these agents (mainly resistance mutations) and experience progression of the disease. Areas covered: This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review about first-line approved ALK-TKIs, furthermore, it discusses the most promising ALK-TKIs under development designed to overcome resistance mutations and their implications. Expert opinion: Alectinib should currently be regarded as the standard of care for the first-line treatment of ALK+ NSCLC, considering its superior efficacy and safety profile. Regarding developing agents, lorlatinib and ensartinib appear to be the most promising ones, even though the data from their trials are still immature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- a Division of Pulmonary Oncology , Azienda Ospedaliera Dei Colli Monaldi , Naples , Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- b Department of experimental medicine , Luigi Vanvitelli University , Caserta , Italy
| | - Ciro Battiloro
- a Division of Pulmonary Oncology , Azienda Ospedaliera Dei Colli Monaldi , Naples , Italy
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- c Division of Medical Oncology , 'S.G. Moscati' Hospital , Avellino , Italy
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