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Luo GC, Chen L, Fang J, Yan ZJ. Hsa_circ_0030586 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer via PI3K-AKT signaling. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11089-11107. [PMID: 34852706 PMCID: PMC8810173 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) gain importance as regulatory molecules in prostate cancer (PCa), but molecular mechanism of most circRNAs in pathogenesis of PCa remains to be studied. This study aimed to explore the role of hsa_circ_0030586 in PCa. Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE77661) was used to screen out candidate circRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the relative expressions of circRNAs, miRNAs, and genes in PCa cells. A CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cells' proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assay were used to determine the cells' migration and invasion. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein expression of PI3K/AKT signaling proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Furthermore, a nude mice tumorigenesis experiment in vivo was conducted to determine the function of hsa_circ_0030586 on PCa. Our results showed that hsa_circ_0030586 is significantly upregulated in PCa cells (p < 0.05). Its circular structure was confirmed via agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. Interfering with hsa_circ_0030586 in PC3 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and led to the significant upregulation of E-cadherin and the significant downregulation of p-AKT/AKT, IKKα, PIK3CB, and Twist (all p < 0.05). Conversely, the hsa_circ_003058 interference fragment combined with the transfection of a miR-145-3p inhibitor could reverse the above effects. In vivo tumorigenesis of the xenograft model confirmed that interfering with hsa_circ_0030586 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and inhibited PI3K-AKT signaling and EMT in PC3 cells. Hsa_circ_0030586 is significantly upregulated in PCa cells and may promote EMT via PI3K-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Cheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang Fang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yan
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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102
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In prostatic transition zone lesions (PI-RADS v2.1): which subgroup should be biopsied? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) score 3 transition zone (TZ) lesions between Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 and modified PI-RADS v2.1-B.
Results
Among TZ lesions (n = 78), 47 (60.0%) had T2WI score of 3, and 16 of the 47 (34.0%) were malignant. The rate of malignancy was 8.8% in PI-RADS category 3A, 100% in PI-RADS category 3B, and 100% in PI-RADS category 4. The apparent diffusion coefficient value of PI-RADS category 3B (0.934 ± 0.158 × 10−3 mm2/s) showed significant difference with that of PI-RADS category 3A (1.098 ± 0.146 × 10−3 mm2/s) but none with PI-RADS category 4 (0.821 ± 0.091 × 10−3 mm2/s). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity and negative predictive value of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2.1-B. Specificity and positive predictive value of modified PI-RADS v2.1-B were much higher than those of PI-RADS v2.1 for both readers (p < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve tended to be higher with PI-RADS v2.1-B than with PI-RADS v2.1.
Conclusion
Biopsy for PI-RADS 3B lesion is necessary due to its superior malignancy potential than that of PI-RADS 3A lesion.
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Gandaglia G, Leni R, Bray F, Fleshner N, Freedland SJ, Kibel A, Stattin P, Van Poppel H, La Vecchia C. Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:877-892. [PMID: 34716119 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Worldwide, prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common solid tumor in men. OBJECTIVE To assess the geographical distribution of PCa, epidemiological differences, and the most relevant risk factors for the disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence of PCa for the year 2020 in 185 countries were derived from the IARC GLOBOCAN database. A review of English-language articles published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify risk factors for PCa. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In the year 2020, there were over 1414000 estimated new cases of PCa worldwide, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) incidence of 31 per 100000 (lifetime cumulative risk: 3.9%). Northern Europe has the highest all-age incidence ASR (83), while the lowest ASR was in South-Central Asia (6.3). In the year 2020, there were over 375000 estimated deaths worldwide, and the overall mortality ASR was 7.7 per 100000, with the highest ASR in the Caribbean (28) and the lowest in South-Central Asia (3.1). Family history, hereditary syndromes, and race are the strongest risk factors for PCa. Metabolic syndrome was associated with the risk of developing PCa, high-grade disease, and adverse pathology. Diabetes and exposure to ultraviolet rays were found to be inversely associated to PCa incidence. Cigarette smoking and obesity may increase PCa-specific mortality, while regular physical activity may reduce disease progression. Although 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are known to be associated with a reduced incidence of PCa, available studies failed to show an effect on overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) rates vary profoundly worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates being highest in Northern Europe and Caribbean, respectively. South-Central Asia has the lowest epidemiological burden. Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease itself, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Leni
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division or Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Kibel
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hendrick Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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104
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Tian P, Zhong M, Wei GH. Mechanistic insights into genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:155-163. [PMID: 34560228 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men and is a highly heritable disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have to date discovered nearly 270 genetic loci harboring hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with PCa susceptibility. In contrast, the functional characterization of the mechanisms underlying PCa risk association is still growing. Given that PCa risk-associated SNPs are highly enriched in noncoding cis-regulatory genomic regions, accumulating evidence suggests a widespread modulation of transcription factor chromatin binding and allelic enhancer activity by these noncoding SNPs, thereby dysregulating gene expression. Emerging studies have shown that a proportion of noncoding variants can modulate the formation of transcription factor complexes at enhancers and CTCF-mediated 3D genome architecture. Interestingly, DNA methylation-regulated CTCF binding could orchestrate a long-range chromatin interaction between PCa risk enhancer and causative genes. Additionally, one-causal-variant-two-risk genes or multiple-risk-variant-multiple-genes are prevalent in some PCa risk-associated loci. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the general principles of SNP-mediated gene regulation, experimental advances, and functional evidence supporting the mechanistic roles of several PCa genetic loci with potential clinical impact on disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tian
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengjie Zhong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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105
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Vorobev V, Beloborodov V, Luchkevich V, Shmakov D, Baklanova O, Sidorov S, Sharakshinov B. Analysis of Complications Development Predictors after Radical Prostatectomy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The standard treatment for prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy (RP). This surgical technique results in typical complications such as intraoperative blood loss, urethral strictures (vesicourethral anastomosis), urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, lymphocele, and the ureter or rectum injury. The study aims to analyze the development of complications after radical prostatectomy.
Materials and methods: The article presents a retrospective analysis of clinical cases with an established diagnosis of prostate cancer from 2012 to 2018 in Irkutsk, Russian Federation. During this period, 52 patients met the study criteria. A multivariate analysis established Non-Nerve-sparing RRP (OR-0.9; 95% CI-1.9; -0.07; p=0.035) as a significant incontinence predictor after 2 years.
Results: Multivariate analysis also established previous transurethral operations as a significant predictor of the vesicourethral anastomosis stricture (OR 6.09; 95% CI 0.71; 11.4; p=0.026), which indicates a six times risk of developing a vesicourethral anastomosis stricture if the patient already had one or more transurethral surgery. Obesity (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03; 0.21; p = 0.008), diabetes (OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.45; 4.2; p = 0.015) and coagulopathy (OR 3.1; 95% CI 0.5; 5.7; p = 0.019) became independent predictors of lymphocele development.
Conclusions: The study revealed some new information on the possible predictors of such complications as urinary incontinence in the late period, the lymphocele, and stricture of the vesicourethral anastomosis. Some of the results require further study and confirmation.
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106
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Yuan F, Chang D, Jing M, Zhu B, You Y. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on quality of life in patients with prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049314. [PMID: 34794990 PMCID: PMC8603272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa), as a malignant tumour with rapid development in recent years, significantly affects men's health, work, life and economy. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plays an important role in the treatment of PCa and can be used as a complementary therapy in the late stage of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Though ADT targeting PCa shows an effective therapeutic effect, the underlying side effects (cognitive disorder, hot flashes, a decrease in sexuality) cannot be ignored. At present, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been widely used for patients with PCa after ADT due to its confirmed efficacy, fewer side effects and lower economic burden. However, the effectiveness of CBT for patients with PCa after ADT is still controversial. Therefore, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of CBT for patients with PCa after ADT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Literatures will be searched from establishment of the database to 31 May 2021 with the language restrictions of English and Chinese in eight online databases (PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, VIP, CNKI, CBM, and WAN FANG). This study will include RCTs that performed CBT as the main method of the experimental group for patients with PCa after ADT. Two or more reviewers will independently conduct the selection of studies, data extraction and data analysis. The risk ratios with 95% CIs will be used to present the data synthesis result of dichotomous data, while weighted mean differences or standardised mean differences with 95% CIs will be used to present the data synthesis result of continuous data. Meanwhile, evidence quality of outcome will be assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Stata V.13.0 and Review Manager software V.5.3 will be used for analysis and synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is a second study based on a completed randomised controlled study. Thus, ethical approval is not required, and no additional data are available. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/FUVEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yuan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Degui Chang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyi Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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107
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Yokomizo A, Yonese J, Egawa S, Fukuhara H, Uemura H, Nishimura K, Nagata M, Saito A, Lee T, Yamaguchi S, Nonomura N. Real-world use of enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Japan. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 27:418-426. [PMID: 34779962 PMCID: PMC8816761 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to evaluate real-world effectiveness and safety of enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) in Japan. METHODS This was a retrospective evaluation of medical records from men in Japan who started enzalutamide treatment from November 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018, and received androgen deprivation therapy throughout. The primary endpoint was time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression. Secondary endpoints included PSA response rate, time to first use of new antineoplastic therapy, time to first use of cytotoxic chemotherapy, and enzalutamide treatment duration. An exploratory analysis of metastasis-free survival (MFS) was also performed. Adverse events (AEs) were analyzed to assess safety. RESULTS Based on data from medical records of 205 men in Japan, median time to PSA progression was 27 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 19-not reached [NR]), with 82.5% and 52.0% of men achieving PSA response rates of ≥ 50% and ≥ 90%, respectively. Median time to first use of new antineoplastic therapy was 36 months (95% CI 27-NR) and median enzalutamide treatment duration was 13 months (interquartile range: 7-24). Median time to first use of cytotoxic chemotherapy was NR (95% CI 41-NR). Median MFS was 29 months (95% CI 23-35). In total, 51.7% of men experienced AEs, with malaise (18.5%), decreased appetite (10.7%), and nausea (4.9%) the most frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the real-world effectiveness and safety of enzalutamide in men with nmCRPC in Japan, further informing healthcare providers about available treatment options for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokomizo
- Department of Urology, Harasanshin Hospital, 1-8 Taihakumachi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, 812-0033, Japan.
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagata
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Medical Affairs Japan, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Takumi Lee
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Susumu Yamaguchi
- Medical Affairs Japan, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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108
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Imatoh T, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Association between Coffee Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:471-478. [PMID: 34782391 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous epidemiological studies have examined whether coffee consumption is associated with prostate cancer risk, the results remain controversial. Moreover, there are few studies in Asian populations. Therefore, we investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer in a large-scale prospective population-based cohort study in Japan. METHODS Study subjects were 48,222 men (40-69 years) who completed a questionnaire that included questions about their coffee consumption in 1990 for Cohort I and 1993 for Cohort II and were followed up until December 31, 2015. Newly diagnosed cases were classified into localized and advanced using information on local staging, the Gleason score, and degree of differentiation. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,617 participants were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer during a mean follow-up period of 18.8 years. Of these, 1,099 and 461 patients had localized and advanced cancer, respectively. There was no association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Comparison between the highest and lowest category of coffee consumption produced HRs of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.90-1.30), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.84-1.38), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.67-1.47) for risk of total, localized, and advanced cancer, respectively. The same results were obtained even when we limited the analysis to patients with subjective symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that coffee consumption has no impact on prostate cancer risk in Japanese men. IMPACT Coffee has no protective effects against prostate cancer among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Imatoh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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109
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Chang EK, Gadzinski AJ, Nyame YA. Blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer: Are we ready for reflex testing in men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen? Asian J Urol 2021; 8:343-353. [PMID: 34765442 PMCID: PMC8566358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is no consensus on the role of biomarkers in determining the utility of prostate biopsy in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). There are numerous biomarkers such as prostate health index, 4Kscore, prostate cancer antigen 3, ExoDX, SelectMDx, and Mi-Prostate Score that may be useful in this decision-making process. However, it is unclear whether any of these tests are accurate and cost-effective enough to warrant being a widespread reflex test following an elevated PSA. Our goal was to report on the clinical utility of these blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer screening. Methods We performed a systematic review of studies published between January 2000 and October 2020 to report the available parameters and cost-effectiveness of the aforementioned diagnostic tests. We focus on the negative predictive value, the area under the curve, and the decision curve analysis in comparing reflexive tests due to their relevance in evaluating diagnostic screening tests. Results Overall, the biomarkers are roughly equivalent in predictive accuracy. Each test has additional clinical utility to the current diagnostic standard of care, but the added benefit is not substantial to justify using the test reflexively after an elevated PSA. Conclusions Our findings suggest these biomarkers should not be used in binary fashion and should be understood in the context of pre-existing risk predictors, patient's ethnicity, cost of the test, patient life-expectancy, and patient goals. There are more recent diagnostic tools such as multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, polygenic single-nucleotide panels, IsoPSA, and miR Sentinel tests that are promising in the realm of prostate cancer screening and need to be investigated further to be considered a consensus reflexive test in the setting of prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam J Gadzinski
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lee JE, Lim YH, Kim JH. UCH-L1 and UCH-L3 regulate the cancer stem cell-like properties through PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:312-322. [PMID: 34745437 PMCID: PMC8567960 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1987320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a highly aggressive and advanced prostate cancer that is currently incurable with conventional therapies. The recurrence and chemotherapy-resistant properties of CRPC are attributed to prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs). On the other hand, the factors regulating the prostate CSC-like properties have not been studied extensively. Previously, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 (UCH-L3) were reported to be involved in prostate cancer cell progression through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation. Here, the differential regulation on the CSC-like properties by UCH-L1 and UCH-L3 were identified in prostate cancer cells. The CSC-like characteristics, such as the expression of pluripotency markers, chemoresistance, and sphere-forming ability, were promoted by UCH-L1, whereas those were repressed by UCH-L3. Moreover, the modulation of CSC-like properties by UCH-L1 and UCH-L3 was through the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway. The CSC-like properties induced by UCH-L1 overexpression or UCH-L3 depletion were suppressed by the PI3 K/Akt pathway inhibitor. In conclusion, UCH-L1 and UCH-L3 are novel regulators of the CSC-like properties and shed light on new therapeutic strategies to overcome CSCs in prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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111
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Zou Z, Dai R, Deng N, Su W, Liu P. Exosomal miR-1275 Secreted by Prostate Cancer Cells Modulates Osteoblast Proliferation and Activity by Targeting the SIRT2/RUNX2 Cascade. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211052977. [PMID: 34689576 PMCID: PMC8549474 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide. Modulation of osteoblast activity is involved in PCa metastasis, and miR-1275 is also reported to regulate PCa metastasis; however, the association between cancer-derived exosomal miR-1275 and osteoblast activity is unclear. Here, we isolated exosomes from PC3-derived conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. We found that miR-1275 could be transferred from PCa cells to osteoblasts via exosomes. Exosomal miR-1275 significantly accelerated the proliferation of osteoblasts and the expression levels of osteoblast-specific genes, such as osteocalcin (OCN), type I collagen (COL-1), and osteopontin (OPN). Moreover, exosomal miR-1275 increased the expression of RUNX2, a master modulator of osteoblast activity, by down-regulation of SIRT2, which in turn influenced the growth and activity of osteoblasts. Our findings indicate that PCa-derived exosomal miR-1275 promotes the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts via modulation of SIRT2/Runx2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zou
- Department of urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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112
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Yang B, Diao H, Wang P, Guan F, Liu H. microRNA-877-5p exerts tumor-suppressive functions in prostate cancer through repressing transcription of forkhead box M1. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9094-9102. [PMID: 34654353 PMCID: PMC8806950 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1989969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the significant potential role of miR-877-5p in Prostate cancer. The expression levels of miR-877-5p and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. The prognostic significance of miR-877-5p in prostate cancer was investigated using Kaplan Meier analysis. Then, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay were used to evaluate the effects of miR-877-5p on cell biological functions. The mechanism of miR-877-5p action on prostate cancer cells was investigated by luciferase activity assay with wide-type or mutation. miR-877-5p was lowly expressed both in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines compared with corresponding normal counterparts. Further, miR-877-5p was significantly correlated with Gleason score and TNM stage. Moreover, miR-877-5p may serve as an independent prognostic predictor. In addition, FOXM1 was checked as a direct target gene of miR-877-5p, and miR-877-5p can inhibit the expression of FOXM1 to restrain the growth, migration, and invasion abilities of prostate cancer cells. Taken together, miR-877-5p may act as a suppressor in prostate cancer and reduces cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting FOXM1. miR-877-5p may serve as the effective biomarkers and therapeutic target for treating prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huifeng Diao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Urology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Fengju Guan
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hechen Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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113
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Ashida S, Yamasaki I, Kawada C, Fukuhara H, Fukata S, Tamura K, Karashima T, Inoue K, Shuin T. Evaluation of a rapid one-step PSA test for primary prostate cancer screening. BMC Urol 2021; 21:135. [PMID: 34579701 PMCID: PMC8474843 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the convenience and reduce the cost of prostate cancer (PC) screening, a one-step prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test was evaluated in a large population. The PSA SPOT test kit enables rapid detection of human PSA in serum or plasma at or above a cutoff level of 4 ng/mL to aid in the diagnosis of PC. METHODS PC screening using the PSA SPOT test was offered to male participants in educational public lectures that we conducted in various cities. Test results were reported to participants at the end of the lectures. Blood samples from 1429 men were evaluated. Two independent observers interpreted the tests at 15 and 30 min. The remaining serum samples were subsequently tested using a conventional quantitative assay. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the test were 79.9, 93.0, 65.4, 96.6, and 91.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the test changed with variations in the reading time. Quantitative assessment of the intensity of the band was correlated with the PSA value. CONCLUSIONS PSA testing using this kit can be easily performed. The low cost and speed of the test make it a useful and convenient tool for primary PC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ashida
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Kubokawa Hospital, Takaoka-gun, Kochi, 786-0002, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kawada
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukata
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Shuin
- Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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114
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Boustany J, Abdessater M, Akl H, Kanbar A, Khoury JE, Assaf S, Dabal C, El Hachem C, Kassis A, Saad R, Halabi R, El Khoury R. Prostate Cancer awareness in the Lebanese population: a cross sectional national survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1744. [PMID: 34563148 PMCID: PMC8466637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (Pca) is the second most common cause of cancer among Lebanese men. Screening is an effective method to reduce prostate cancer mortality. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and screening practices among Lebanese population regarding Pca. Methods A cross-sectional national study over all the Lebanese governorates on 1558 persons was undergone. Information on Pca knowledge and attitudes towards screening was obtained using a semi structured questionnaire. Bivariate and binary logistic regression were used to assess relations between Pca knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics. Results The sample consisted of 1088 (69.8%) males and 470 (30.2%) females, with a mean age of 40 Y.O. Concerning early detection methods of Pca, its frequency, the ideal screening age, symptoms and curability of Pca, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when studying the following variables: the educational level (university level group having the highest percentage of correct answers), the individual monthly income (more correct answers were found with higher monthly income) and the age groups (most correct answers in the younger age groups). Conclusion Our study points to the need of developing Pca prevention and education programs that should especially target older men, and people of low socioeconomic status and education in Lebanon. Such programs would increase awareness to Pca and screening, ultimately reducing the burden of advanced cancer through its early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Boustany
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Maher Abdessater
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon. .,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Halim Akl
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Anthony Kanbar
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Joey El Khoury
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Serge Assaf
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Dabal
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Charbel El Hachem
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Kassis
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rodrigue Saad
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rami Halabi
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Raghid El Khoury
- Urology department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center (CHUNDS), Byblos City, Lebanon.,School of medicine and medical sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
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115
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Sakaguchi K, Hayashida M, Tanaka N, Oka S, Urakami S. A risk model for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging in a Japanese cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18829. [PMID: 34552143 PMCID: PMC8458280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective identification of men with clinically significant prostate cancer (sPC) is a pivotal issue. Development of a risk model for detecting sPC based on the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) for bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and clinical parameters in a Japanese cohort is expected to prove beneficial. We retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters and bpMRI findings from 773 biopsy-naïve patients between January 2011 and December 2016. A risk model was established using multivariate logistic regression analysis and presented on a nomogram. Discrimination of the risk model was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Statistical differences between the predictive model and clinical parameters were analyzed using DeLong test. sPC was detected in 343 men (44.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict sPC revealed age (P = 0.002), log prostate-specific antigen (P < 0.001), prostate volume (P < 0.001) and PI-RADS scores (P < 0.001) as significant contributors to the model. Area under the curve was higher for the risk model (0.862), than for age (0.646), log prostate-specific antigen (0.652), prostate volume (0.697) or imaging score (0.822). DeLong test results also showed that the novel risk model performed significantly better than those parameters (P < 0.05). This novel risk model performed significantly better compared with PI-RADS scores and other parameters alone, and is thus expected to prove beneficial in making decisions regarding biopsy on suspicion of sPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Sakaguchi
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2- Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Michikata Hayashida
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2- Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2- Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Suguru Oka
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2- Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Shinji Urakami
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2- Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
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116
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Yeh TH, Lin JY. Active Ingredients from Euodia ruticarpa Steam Distilled Essential Oil Inhibit PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell Growth via Direct Action and Indirect Immune Cells Conditioned Media In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:996-1018. [PMID: 34563040 PMCID: PMC8928987 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Active constituents isolated from Euodia ruticarpa (ER) steam distilled essential oil (SDEO) against PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth remain unclear. To clarify the puzzle, ER SDEO was extracted and further resolved into six isolated fractions ERF1–F6 with Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration chromatography to analyze their biological activities. Active ingredients in the isolated fractions were analyzed with GC-MS. Potential isolated fractions were selected to treat PC-3 cells with direct action and indirect treatment by mouse splenocyte- (SCM) and macrophage-conditioned media (MCM). The relationship between PC-3 cell viabilities and corresponding total polyphenols, flavonoid contents as well as Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in SCM was analyzed using the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient (r). As a result, ERF1–F3 was abundant in total polyphenols and flavonoids contents with diverse active ingredients. Treatments with ERF1–F3 at appropriate concentrations more or less inhibit PC-3 cell growth in a direct action manner. Only SCM, respectively, cultured with ER SDEO and ERF1–F3 markedly enhanced the effects to inhibit PC-3 cell growth, suggesting that secretions by splenocytes might involve anti-PC-3 effects. There are significantly negative correlations between PC-3 cell viabilities and IL-2, IL-10 as well as IL-10/IL-2 ratios in the corresponding SCM. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the media cultured with ER SDEO isolated fractions positively correlated with IL-10 (Th2) and IL-10/IL-2 (Th2/Th1) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes, indicating that polyphenol and flavonoid components in ER SDEO isolated fractions promote Th2-polarized and anti-inflammatory characteristics. These new findings concluded that the inhibitory effects against PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth are attributed to active anti-inflammatory ingredients in ER SDEO and its active ERF1–F3 fractions through direct action and indirect treatment by modulating splenocytes’ cytokine secretion profiles.
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117
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Gopalakrishnan S, Ismail A. Aromatic monophenols from cinnamon bark act as proteasome inhibitors by upregulating ER stress, suppressing FoxM1 expression, and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5781-5794. [PMID: 34363252 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon contains bioactive substances with diverse medicinal properties. We investigated the anticancer potential of abundant monophenols from cinnamon, namely, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and eugenol, by hypothesizing that they possess proteasome inhibitory activities capable of suppressing cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating proteasome inhibitory activities of the compounds, and assessing downstream molecular and cellular events that are known to be impacted by proteasome inhibitors. The cinnamon compounds inhibited the catalytic activities of the proteasome in prostate cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Treatment with cinnamon compounds or the synthetic proteasome inhibitor MG132 upregulated p27 and IkBα proteins, and downregulated FoxM1 and angiogenic markers. These molecular events were associated with the decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Treatment with cinnamon compounds or MG132 upregulated the expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (BIP, PERK, CHOP, and XBP1(S)). Furthermore, cinnamon compounds or MG132 upregulated the expression of genes required for the assembly of the caspase-8 activation platform in autophagosomes (LC3B, ATG5, p62, and Beclin1). The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, blocked the compounds-mediated activation of caspase-8 and its downstream target caspase-3. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition by aromatic monophenols from cinnamon inhibits proliferation and leads to the death of prostate cancer cells by autophagy-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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118
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Shim JW, Jun EH, Bae J, Moon HW, Hong SH, Park J, Lee HM, Hong SH, Chae MS. Intraoperative multimodal analgesic bundle containing dexmedetomidine and ketorolac may improve analgesia after robot-assisted prostatectomy in patients receiving rectus sheath blocks. Asian J Surg 2021; 45:860-866. [PMID: 34373167 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has replaced open prostatectomy. However, RALP does not reduce postoperative pain compared to the open approach. We explored whether bundled intraoperative intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine and ketorolac reduced opioid requirements during the 24 h after RALP. METHODS Eighty patients (two parallel groups) were enrolled in this prospective non-randomized study from September 2020 to November 2020. All received preoperative rectus sheath blocks for analgesia after RALP. A multimodal analgesic bundle (dexmedetomidine and ketorolac) was administered intraoperatively in the study group (n = 39) but not in the control group (n = 40). The total postoperative opioid requirements (expressed in milligrams of intravenous morphine) and pain scores (derived using a visual analog scale) were compared between the two groups up to 24 h after surgery. RESULTS The two groups were demographically similar. During surgery, patients in the study group received less remifentanil and more ephedrine than controls. The study group required significantly less opioids during the 24 h after surgery (28.3 vs. 40.0 mg, p = 0.006). The between-group pain scores differed significantly at 1 and 6 h after surgery. All other postoperative characteristics were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The intraoperative multimodal analgesic bundle (intravenous dexmedetomidine and ketorolac) improved postoperative analgesia after RALP in patients with rectus sheath blocks, as evidenced by the opioid-sparing effect after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhoon Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Moon
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Chae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention and Intervention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081195. [PMID: 34452154 PMCID: PMC8400324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway has been suggested to have connections with the malignant transformation, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of various cancers and solid tumors. Relevant connections between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, cell survival, and prostate cancer (PC) provide a great therapeutic target for PC prevention or treatment. Recent studies have focused on small-molecule mTOR inhibitors or their usage in coordination with other therapeutics for PC treatment that are currently undergoing clinical testing. In this study, the function of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the consequence of its dysregulation, and the development of mTOR inhibitors, either as an individual substance or in combination with other agents, and their clinical implications are discussed. The rationale for targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and specifically the application and potential utility of natural agents involved in PC treatment is described. In addition to the small-molecule mTOR inhibitors, there are evidence that several natural agents are able to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostatic neoplasms. These natural mTOR inhibitors can interfere with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through multiple mechanisms; however, inhibition of Akt and suppression of mTOR 1 activity are two major therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy improves the efficacy of these inhibitors to either suppress the PC progression or circumvent the resistance by cancer cells.
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120
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Zhao Y, Shi Z, Hao Z, Zhou J, Han C, Li R, Lv Q, Liu Y, Liang C. Hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of miRNAs' biogenesis promotes tumor immune escape in bladder cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1678-1687. [PMID: 33625672 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examines the function of hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) (mir-30c, mir-135a, and mir-27a) in the process of bladder cancer immune escape. METHODS Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine gene expression levels of Drosha and Dicer under hypoxia treatment, while western blotting and flow cytometry were used to determine protein expression. Seven reported miRNAs were identified via qRT-PCR assay. Flow cytometry detection of CD3/CD4/CD8-positive expression and statistics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected cellular immune factors content. Cell apoptosis was checked via flow cytometry assay. Luciferase report assay and western blot assays were both used to verify the relationship between miRNAs and Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b (Cbl-b). The animal model was established and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were separately used to verify the conclusions. RESULTS The CD3 + /CD4 + expression was increased in the hypoxia group, while CD3 + /CD8 + expression, the cellular immune factors content Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) along with the cell apoptosis were suppressed. The protein expression of Cbl-b was found to be up-regulated in the hypoxia group. After constructing the overexpression/ knockdown of Cbl-b in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), Cbl-b has been found to promote tumor immune escape in bladder cancer. Furthermore, Cbl-b had been identified as the co-targets of mir-30c, mir-135a, and mir-27a and down-regulation of miRNA biogenesis promotes Cbl-b expression and deactivating T cells in vitro/in vivo. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of miRNAs' biogenesis promotes tumor immune escape in bladder cancer, which could bring much more advance to the medical research on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Z Shi
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Z Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - C Han
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - R Li
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Q Lv
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Y Liu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - C Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
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Hsu CY, Lin YS, Weng WC, Panny L, Chen HL, Tung MC, Ou YC, Lin CC, Yang CH. Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080743. [PMID: 34440487 PMCID: PMC8399389 DOI: 10.3390/life11080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process is proposed to be one of the factors to benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), and this is the first study examining the anti-inflammatory ability of phloretin in treating rats with testosterone-induced BPH. BPH would be induced by testosterone (10 mg/kg/day testosterone subcutaneously for 28 days), and the other groups of rats were treated with phloretin 50 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day orally (phr50 or phr100 group) after induction. Prostate weight and prostate weight to body weight ratio were significantly reduced in the Phr100 group. Reduced dihydrotestosterone without interfering with 5α-reductase was observed in the phr100 group. In inflammatory proteins, reduced IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 were seen in the phr100 group. In reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde was reduced, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were elevated in the phr100 group. In apoptotic assessment, elevated cleaved caspase-3 was observed in rats of the phr100 group. Enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and reduced anti-apoptotic Bc1-2 could be seen in the phr100 group. In histological stains, markedly decreased glandular hyperplasia and proliferative cell nuclear antigen were observed with reduced expression in the phr100 group. Meanwhile, positive cells of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were increased in the phr100 group. In conclusion, the treatment of phloretin 100 mg/kg/day could ameliorate testosterone-induced BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Transitional Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi Sheng Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
| | - Wei Chun Weng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Lauren Panny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Hsiang Lai Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Transitional Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min Che Tung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
| | - Yen Chuan Ou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.O.); (C.C.L.); (C.H.Y.)
| | - Chi Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.C.O.); (C.C.L.); (C.H.Y.)
| | - Che Hsueh Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (C.Y.H.); (Y.S.L.); (W.C.W.); (H.L.C.); (M.C.T.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.O.); (C.C.L.); (C.H.Y.)
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Kpatcha TM, Sidibé A, Sewa E, Botcho G, Padja E, Napo-Koura G. Prostate cancer screening: A survey of medical students' knowledge in Lome, Togo, and associated determinants in a resource-limited African context. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211032812. [PMID: 34349998 PMCID: PMC8287366 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211032812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the knowledge of medical students in Lomé about these means of screening for prostate cancer in a context of limited resources and controversy about prostate cancer screening, and to identify the determinants associated with these results. METHODS This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in the form of a survey of medical students regularly enrolled at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé for the 2019-2020 academic years. RESULTS Of the 1635 eligible students, 1017 correctly completed the form, corresponding to a rate of 62.20%. The average age was 22 ± 3.35 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2.5. Undergraduate students were the most represented (53.69%). Students who had not received any training on prostate cancer were the most represented (57.13%). Only 12.88% of the students had completed a training course in urology. Concerning the prostate-specific antigen blood test, there was a statistically significant relationship between the students' knowledge and some of their socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (p value = 0.0037; 95% confidence interval (0.50-1.77)); gender (p value = 0.0034; 95% confidence interval (1.43-2.38)); study cycle (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.56-5.13)) and whether or not they had completed a placement in a urology department (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.49-1.55)). On the contrary, there was no statistically significant relationship between students' knowledge of the digital rectal examination and their study cycle (p value = 0.082; 95% confidence interval (0.18-3.44)). CONCLUSION Medical students in Lomé have a good theoretical knowledge and a fair practical level of the digital rectal examination clinical examination and an average theoretical knowledge and a below average practical level of prostate-specific antigen, increasing however along the curriculum in the context of prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Albadia Sidibé
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Edoé Sewa
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gnimdou Botcho
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Essodina Padja
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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123
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Transcriptomic analysis of castration, chemo-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer elucidates complex genetic crosstalk leading to disease progression. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:451-472. [PMID: 34184132 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma, with its rising numbers and high fatality rate, is a daunting healthcare challenge to clinicians and researchers alike. The mainstay of our meta-analysis was to decipher differentially expressed genes (DEGs), their corresponding transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs (microRNA) and interacting pathways underlying the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). We have chosen multiple datasets from primary, castration-resistant, chemo-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer stages for investigation. From our tissue-specific and disease-specific co-expression networks, fifteen hub genes such as ACTB, ACTN1, CDH1, CDKN1A, DDX21, ELF3, FLNA, FLNC, IKZF1, ILK, KRT13, KRT18, KRT19, SVIL and TRIM29 were identified and validated by molecular complex detection analysis as well as survival analysis. In our attempt to highlight hub gene-associated mutations and drug interactions, FLNC was found to be most commonly mutated and CDKN1A gene was found to have highest druggability. Moreover, from DAVID and gene set enrichment analysis, the focal adhesion and oestrogen signalling pathways were found enriched which indicates the involvement of hub genes in tumour invasiveness and metastasis. Finally by Enrichr tool and miRNet, we identified transcriptional factors SNAI2, TP63, CEBPB and KLF11 and microRNAs, namely hsa-mir-1-3p, hsa-mir-145-5p, hsa-mir-124-3p and hsa-mir-218-5p significantly controlling the hub gene expressions. In a nutshell, our report will help to gain a deeper insight into complex molecular intricacies and thereby unveil the probable biomarkers and therapeutic targets involved with PCa progression.
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124
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Wu L, Chen Y, Chen M, Yang Y, Che Z, Li Q, You X, Fu W. Application of network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the potential mechanism of Astragalus-Scorpion against prostate cancer. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14165. [PMID: 34185887 DOI: 10.1111/and.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Astragalus-Scorpion drug pair in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). We employed network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to retrieving the active ingredients and corresponding targets of Astragalus-Scorpion by using TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, TCMID and Swiss Target Prediction Databases. The targets related to PCa were retrieved through GeneCards. Cytoscape software was used to construct the 'active ingredient-target disease' network, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the common targets. Autodock software was used for molecular docking verification. In total, 26 active ingredients, 340 potential targets related to active ingredients and 122 common targets were screened from Astragalus-Scorpion drug pair. The core targets of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were JUN, AKT1, IL6, MAPK1 and RELA, whereas the core active ingredients were quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, 7-o-methylisomucronulatol and calycosin. Nearly 762 GO entries and 154 pathways were obtained by using the pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking results revealed that quercetin and kaempferol bind to AKT1 and formononetin binds to RELA, all of which were found to be stable bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Wu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Graduate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Graduate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjing Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Graduate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Yang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Graduate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuzhao Che
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,School of Graduate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujun You
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Wang Y, Wu G, Fan L, Pan J, Gong Y, Fei X, Du X, Zhu Y, Xue W. The prognostic nomogram including MRI for locally advanced prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Prostate 2021; 81:463-468. [PMID: 33822399 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the prognostic nomogram for locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) patients treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) based on clinical and multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) metrics. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one patients diagnosed with LAPC were included in this study. They were all examined by mp-MRI within one week before surgery and treated by RP (36 with RP alone, 48 with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) and 37 with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT)). The biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine prognostic factors that were related with bPFS. The prognostic nomogram was established by factors that were significant in multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median bPFS had significant difference in the subgroup of treatment (RP alone: 2 [0.00-5.04] vs. NHT: 9.3 [6.746-11.854] vs. NCHT: 11.17 [0.000-25.075] months [Log rank p < .001]), the subgroup of hyperintensity within prostate in DWI (negative: 15.97 [11.202-20.731] vs. positive: 5.2 [2.952-7.448] months [Log rank p < .001]) and the subgroup of pelvic lymph node metastasis (negative: 10.2 [8.404-11.996] vs. unilateral: 4.43 [0.000-11.086] vs. Bilateral: 1.83 [0.636~3.031] [Log rank p < .001]). The method of treatment (hazards ratio [HR], 0.566; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.356-0.899; p = .016), hyperintensity within prostate in DWI (HR, 2.539; 95% CI, 1.349-4.779; p = .004) and the metastasis burden of pelvic lymph node (HR, 2.492; 95% CI, 1.645-3.777; p < .001) were identified as independent predictors with significance in multivariable Cox regression analysis. The nomogram was established based on these three factors. CONCLUSION We established a nomogram based on three significant prognosis factors including the neoadjuvant therapeutic schedule, hyperintensity within prostate in DWI and the metastasis burden of pelvic lymph nodes, which were associated with the clinical outcomes in LAPC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liancheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Fei
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Okamoto T, Noro D, Hatakeyama S, Narita S, Mitsuzuka K, Sakurai T, Kawamura S, Hoshi S, Shimoda J, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi T, Ishidoya S, Ito A, Tsuchiya N, Habuchi T, Ohyama C. Impact of pretreatment anemia on upfront abiraterone acetate therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:605. [PMID: 34034691 PMCID: PMC8152305 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia has been a known prognostic factor in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We therefore examined the effect of anemia on the efficacy of upfront abiraterone acetate (ABI) in patients with mHSPC. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 66 mHSPC patients with high tumor burden who received upfront ABI between 2018 and 2020 (upfront ABI group). We divided these patients into two groups: the anemia-ABI group (hemoglobin < 13.0 g/dL, n = 20) and the non-anemia-ABI group (n = 46). The primary objective was to examine the impact of anemia on the progression-free survival (PFS; clinical progression or PC death before development of castration resistant PC) of patients in the upfront ABI group. Secondary objectives included an evaluation of the prognostic significance of upfront ABI and a comparison with a historical cohort (131 mHSPC patients with high tumor burden who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT/complete androgen blockade [CAB] group) between 2014 and 2019). Results We found that the anemia-ABI group had a significantly shorter PFS than the non-anemia-ABI group. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that anemia was an independent prognostic factor of PFS in the upfront ABI group (hazard ratio, 4.66; P = 0.014). Patients in the non-anemia-ABI group were determined to have a significantly longer PFS than those in the non-anemia-ADT/CAB group (n = 68) (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the PFS between patients in the anemia-ABI and the anemia-ADT/CAB groups (n = 63). Multivariate analyses showed that upfront ABI could significantly prolong the PFS of patients without anemia (hazard ratio, 0.17; P < 0.001), whereas ABI did not prolong the PFS of patients with anemia. Conclusion Pretreatment anemia was a prognostic factor among mHSPC patients who received upfront ABI. Although the upfront ABI significantly improved the PFS of mHSPC patients without anemia, its efficacy in patients with anemia might be limited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08206-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Okamoto
- Department of Urology, Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noro
- Department of Urology, Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Kawamura
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, 47-1, Nodayama, Shiote, Aijima, Natori, Miyagi, 981-1293, Japan
| | - Senji Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800, Aoyanagi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Jiro Shimoda
- Department of Urology, Iwate Prefectural Isawa Hospital, 61, Ryugabaab, Mizusawa-ku, Oshu, Iwate, 023-0864, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1-1, Higashi-tsukurimichi, Aomori, Aomori, 030-8553, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Urology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1-1, Higashi-tsukurimichi, Aomori, Aomori, 030-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeto Ishidoya
- Department of Urology, Sendai City Hospital, 1-1-1, Nagamachi, Asuto, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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Kimura T, Onuma H, Sato S, Inaba H, Fukuokaya W, Urabe F, Kimura S, Tashiro K, Tsuzuki S, Miki J, Furuta A, Takahashi H, Egawa S. Incidental Prostate Cancer in Radical Cystoprostatectomy Specimens is Associated with Worse Overall Survival. Bladder Cancer 2021; 7:205-211. [PMID: 38994542 PMCID: PMC11181765 DOI: 10.3233/blc-200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of incidental prostate cancer (IPC) on oncological outcomes after radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) specimens from patients with bladder cancer (BC) remains controversial. This relationship has not been well elucidated in Asian countries, where the incidence of prostate cancer has recently shown dramatic increases. OBJECTIVES This study retrospectively compared pathological features and oncological outcomes between BC patients with and without IPC in the RCP specimens. METHODS This study included 142 men who underwent RCP for BC. Men who were previously diagnosed with prostate cancer were excluded. Each prostate gland and seminal vesicle was processed as whole mounts and 4-mm close-step sectioning was performed. A single genitourinary pathologist diagnosed IPC. The pathological features and oncological outcomes such as overall survival (OS), bladder cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between patients with IPC (IPC+group, n = 45) and without IPC (IPC- group, n = 97). P values less than 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance for patients' characteristics. Because of multi-primary endpoint, P values less than 0.0167 was considered statistical significance for oncological outcomes. RESULTS We detected IPC in 45 RCP specimens (31.6%). Patients in the IPC- group were significantly younger at surgery than those in the IPC+group (P < 0.001). The pathological features of the RCP specimens did not differ significantly. In multivariable analyses, presence of IPC was significantly associated with worse OS (P = 0.005), but not with either BCSS or PFS (P = 0.038 and 0.326, respectively). In Kaplan-Meier analyses, OS tended to be longer in the IPC- group than that in the IPC+group (NR vs 65 months, P = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested significantly better OS in patients without IPC than that in those with IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Onuma
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inaba
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukuokaya
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tashiro
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Furuta
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rajput A, Hussain SM, Sonthwal N, Gautam G, Ahluwalia P, Punnakal A, Chaturvedi H, Dougall P, Bal J, Gupta A. Clinicoradiological Profile and Treatment Outcomes in Prostate Cancer at a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_61_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common solid cancer in men and is responsible for 11% of all cancer-related deaths. There are limited data available regarding clinicoradiological (prostate-specific membrane antigen [PSMA]-positron emission tomography [PET]/computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scan) characteristics, treatment outcomes, and correlation of clinicoradiological characteristics with treatment outcomes of prostate cancer patients from India, especially in the era of PSMA-PET/CT scan. Methodology: This was a single center, retrospective, observational study, conducted for 6 months. We retrospectively collected the data of 332 prostate cancer patients treated between January 2015 and December 2017 at our institute. Results: Three hundred and thirty-two patients were enrolled and were divided into three groups depending on the stage and treatment modality, i.e., Group A, B, and C containing 205, 47, and 80 patients, respectively. The median age was 67 years, and the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 19.3 ng/ml. Lower urinary tract symptoms (83.4%) and bone pain (8.1%) were the common presenting symptoms. PSMA-PET/CT scan revealed regional lymph node metastasis in 56.5% patients, bone metastasis in 35.7%, and visceral metastasis in 11.5% patients, respectively. In patients treated with curative intent, radical prostatectomy was performed in 61.74% of patients, whereas radiation therapy was performed in 47 (14.15%) patients. Among those treated with palliative intent, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone (40) was the most preferred therapy followed by the combination of ADT with docetaxel (28) or abiraterone (12). Significantly (P = 0.006), a greater number of patients who were treated with ADT alone progressed to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to those on combination ADT with either abiraterone or docetaxel. No significant difference was seen in the disease progression when treatment arm containing ADT with docetaxel was compared to ADT with abiraterone. Conclusion: Patients with metastatic disease had a higher median PSA level and also had a higher likelihood of having Gleason score 8–10. Among patients who were treated with palliative intent for metastatic disease, disease progression to CRPC state was significantly higher in those treated with ADT alone compared to those treated with either ADT + docetaxel or ADT + abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Rajput
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Maheboob Hussain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sonthwal
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagan Gautam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirudh Punnakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Harit Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Dougall
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaspriya Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Hibino S, Kawazoe T, Kasahara H, Itoh S, Ishimoto T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Taniguchi K. Inflammation-Induced Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115421. [PMID: 34063828 PMCID: PMC8196678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and metastasis through various mechanisms and is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular mechanisms of how inflammation promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and suppresses anti-tumor immunity in various types of solid tumors, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer as well as hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hibino
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Kawazoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hidenori Kasahara
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | | | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5050
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130
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Zhou J, Wang C, Lv R, Liu N, Huang Y, Wang W, Yu L, Xie J. Protective mechanical ventilation with optimal PEEP during RARP improves oxygenation and pulmonary indexes. Trials 2021; 22:351. [PMID: 34011404 PMCID: PMC8135157 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a protective ventilation strategy on oxygenation/pulmonary indexes in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in the steep Trendelenburg position. METHODS In phase 1, the most optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was determined in 25 patients at 11 cmH2O. In phase 2, 64 patients were randomized to the traditional ventilation group with tidal volume (VT) of 9 ml/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) and the protective ventilation group with VT of 7 ml/kg of PBW with optimal PEEP and recruitment maneuvers (RMs). The primary endpoint was the intraoperative and postoperative PaO2/FiO2. The secondary endpoints were the PaCO2, SpO2, modified clinical pulmonary infection score (mCPIS), and the rate of complications in the postoperative period. RESULTS Compared with controls, PaO2/FiO2 in the protective group increased after the second RM (P=0.018), and the difference remained until postoperative day 3 (P=0.043). PaCO2 showed transient accumulation in the protective group after the first RM (T2), but this phenomenon disappeared with time. SpO2 in the protective group was significantly higher during the first three postoperative days. Lung compliance was significantly improved after the second RM in the protective group (P=0.025). The mCPIS was lower in the protective group on postoperative day 3 (0.59 (1.09) vs. 1.46 (1.27), P=0.010). CONCLUSION A protective ventilation strategy with lower VT combined with optimal PEEP and RMs could improve oxygenation and reduce mCPIS in patients undergoing RARP. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR ChiCTR1800015626 . Registered on 12 April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, kuocang Road 289, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, kuocang Road 289, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Lv
- Department of Anesthesia, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, kuocang Road 289, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, kuocang Road 289, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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131
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Ueda T, Shiraishi T, Ito S, Ohashi M, Matsugasumi T, Yamada Y, Fujihara A, Hongo F, Okihara K, Ukimura O. Abiraterone acetate versus bicalutamide in combination with gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist therapy for high risk metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10094. [PMID: 33980956 PMCID: PMC8115638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of abiraterone acetate with that of bicalutamide in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist treatment for patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). A total of 149 patients with mHSPC who underwent treatment at our hospital and affiliated hospitals between December 2013 and July 2020 were retrospectively identified. Fifty patients were administered abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day) plus prednisolone (5 mg/day) with a GnRH antagonist (degarelix) (group A), and 99 patients were administered bicalutamide (80 mg/day) with a GnRH antagonist (group B). The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) was significantly longer in group A than in group B. Abiraterone acetate therapy and Gleason score were significant independent factors of PSA-PFS. Using propensity score matching, 56 matched patients were obtained. The PSA-PFS (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0071) of patients with high-risk mHSPC were significantly longer in group A of matched patients. Abiraterone acetate therapy and Gleason score were significant independent factors for PSA-PFS in matched patients. The PSA-PFS and OS of patients treated with abiraterone acetate in combination with a GnRH antagonist were significantly better than those treated with bicalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toru Matsugasumi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fujihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koji Okihara
- Department of Urology, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Yosano-Gun, Kyoto, 629-2261, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Yoon JG, Kim HB. Association between sunlight exposure and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:1015-1021. [PMID: 33969413 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) is increasing worldwide. An association between sunlight exposure and PC risk has been described by a previously published meta-analysis, although the level of statistical significance was not reached. We have, therefore, performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to further elucidate this potential connection. METHODS To identify relevant articles, we conducted an in-depth search of 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science and Scopus) for manuscripts published prior to March 2021. A random-effects model was used to compute a meta-estimate of the effects of sunlight exposure on risk of PC. RESULTS Of the 5680 articles that were initially identified in our search, 12 observational epidemiological studies encompassing 29 282 cases of PC were selected for inclusion in the qualitative systematic review. Of these, two case-control studies were excluded from the meta-analysis. Comparing highest-to-lowest exposure, personal sunlight exposure was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PC [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78] in a random-effects meta-analysis; however, high heterogeneity was present (I2 = 85.9%). Comparing moderate-to-lowest exposure, there was a non-significant relationship between personal sunlight exposure and the risk of PC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10; I2 = 74.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that exposure to sunlight may protect against PC. The limitations of our research are occurrence of publication bias and a substantial heterogeneity due to a diversity of criteria for measuring sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Gyum Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Bae Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Iguchi T, Kimura G, Fukasawa S, Suzuki H, Uemura H, Nishimura K, Matsumoto H, Yokomizo A, Armstrong AJ, Rosbrook B, Sugg J, Baron B, Chen L, Kunieda F, Stenzl A. Enzalutamide with androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A subgroup analysis of the phase III ARCHES study. Int J Urol 2021; 28:765-773. [PMID: 33955599 PMCID: PMC8360194 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. Methods A post‐hoc analysis of the Japanese subgroup in the phase III, randomized, multinational ARCHES study (NCT02677896) was carried out. Patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer were randomized to receive enzalutamide or a placebo, plus androgen deprivation therapy, stratified by disease volume and prior docetaxel therapy. The primary end‐point was radiographic progression‐free survival. Secondary end‐points included time to prostate‐specific antigen progression and overall survival. Results Of 1150 patients, 92 Japanese patients were randomized to enzalutamide (n = 36) or a placebo (n = 56), plus androgen deprivation therapy; none received prior docetaxel. Enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy reduced the risk of radiographic progression or death in Japanese patients by 61% versus the placebo, similar to the overall population. Similar results were observed with secondary end‐points, showing clinical benefit of enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese patients. Overall survival data were immature. Grade 3–4 adverse events were reported in 47% and 25% of the enzalutamide and placebo groups, respectively. Nasopharyngitis, hypertension and abnormal hepatic function were reported more frequently in Japanese patients versus the overall population. Conclusions Enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy has clinical benefit with a tolerable safety profile in Japanese men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer, consistent with the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iguchi
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroji Uemura
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lucy Chen
- Astellas Pharma Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zheng C, Wang J, Zhang J, Hou S, Zheng Y, Wang Q. Myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 regulates cell proliferation and metastasis through the Notch pathway in prostate adenocarcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2067-2077. [PMID: 34159087 PMCID: PMC8185687 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 (MAL2) is a proven oncogene in some human tumors. However, currently, little is known about the function of MAL2 in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). This study sought to investigate the role of MAL2 on PRAD progression. Methods MAL2 expression in PRAD was first analyzed by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression of MAL2 in PRAD tissues and cell lines. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) straining was used to detect the expression of MAL2 in PRAD pathological tissues. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, clone formation assay and Flow cytometry were performed to investigate the effect of MAL2 on PRAD cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell assay. The effect of MAL2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and the Notch signaling pathway in PRAD was also investigated. Results MAL2 was discovered to be obviously upregulated in PRAD tissues and cell lines. The upregulation of MAL2 was closely associated with tumor, nodes and metastases (TNM) stage, the Gleason score and metastasis of PRAD patients, and affected the prognosis of PRAD patients. Functionally, the depletion of MAL2 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT progression, and promoted cell apoptosis of PRAD cells. In an in vivo experiment, MAL2 knockdown significantly suppressed tumor growth in mice. Further, inhibiting the Notch pathway reversed the effect of MAL2 knockdown on PRAD progression. Conclusions In sum, MAL2 was found to be upregulated in PRAD, and appears to act as a carcinogen in PRAD. Additionally, MAL2 appears to regulate PRAD progression through the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Beijing Gulou Hospital of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Beijing Hospital of TCM, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Hou
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China
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135
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Shi Z, Xiao C, Lin T, Wu J, Li K. BZW1 promotes cell proliferation in prostate cancer by regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:894-902. [PMID: 33886419 PMCID: PMC8168724 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1909242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, basic leucine zipper and the W2 domain-containing protein 1 (BZW1) are reported to be implicated in tumor progression. However, the role of BZW1 in prostate cancer remains unknown. This study is aimed to investigate the expression of BZW1 and its influence on cell proliferation in prostate cancer. Then, the expression levels of BZW1 were measured in 136 cases of prostate cancer and matched adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of BZW1 on cell proliferation was further explored. QRT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of BZW1 in prostate cancer were significantly greater compared with those in matched adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues (P< 0.001). IHC results showed that the high-expression rates of BZW1 in prostate cancer and matched adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues were 68.4% and 32.4%, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). BZW1 high expression significantly correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score (P< 0.05). Patients with BZW1 high expression presented unfavorable prognosis compared with those with BZW1 low expression (P= 0.002). In addition, CCK-8 and colony formation assays revealed that BZW1 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation in vitro. Tumor xenograft has shown that BZW1 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, BZW1 overexpression activated the TGF-β1/Smad1/Smad3 pathway. Therefore, these data indicate that BZW1 overexpression predicts poorer prognosis and promotes cell proliferation in prostate cancer by regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chutan Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengceng Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao JZ, Pan JF, Ng DM, Ying MQ, Jiang JH, Ma Q. Maintenance Long-Term Multiple Cycles Treatment with Docetaxel in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Report of Three Cases. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2797-2803. [PMID: 33907422 PMCID: PMC8071213 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of malignancy, most patients with PCa will eventually progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which has a poor prognosis. Since 2004, chemotherapy has been approved by the FDA as the first-line treatment for mCRPC, and docetaxel-based regimens have been shown to improve both the patients’ symptoms and overall survival (OS). 10 cycles of docetaxel therapy are usually given to patients with mCPRC, but there is still no consensus on the optimal number of treatment cycles. Here, we present three cases of mCRPC patients that received maintenance long-term multiple-cycles docetaxel treatment. We believe that this new treatment strategy may benefit carefully selected mCRPC patients and provide several key advantages such as maximum exposure to drugs, improvements in drug efficacy, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Cao
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.,Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Pan
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.,Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Derry Mingyao Ng
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.,Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Ying
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ma
- Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China.,Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People's Republic of China
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137
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McKay RR, Gold T, Zarif JC, Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Friedant A, Gerke T, Grant M, Hawthorne K, Heath E, Huang FW, Jackson MD, Mahal B, Ogbeide O, Paich K, Ragin C, Rencsok EM, Simmons S, Yates C, Vinson J, Kantoff PW, George DJ, Mucci LA. Tackling Diversity in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials: A Report From the Diversity Working Group of the IRONMAN Registry. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:495-505. [PMID: 33835826 PMCID: PMC8162521 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations. Reasons for disparate outcomes among minority patients are multifaceted and complex, involving factors at the patient, provider, and system levels. Although advancements in our understanding of disease biology have led to novel therapeutics for men with advanced prostate cancer, including the introduction of biomarker-driven therapeutics, pivotal translational studies and clinical trials are underrepresented by minority populations. Despite attempts to bridge the disparities gap, there remains an unmet need to expand minority engagement and participation in clinical trials to better define the impact of therapy on efficacy outcomes, quality of life, and role of biomarkers in diverse patient populations. The IRONMAN registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03151629), a global, prospective, population-based study, was borne from this unmet medical need to address persistent gaps in our knowledge of advanced prostate cancer. Through integrated collection of clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, epidemiologic data, and biospecimens, IRONMAN has the goal of expanding our understanding of how and why prostate cancer outcomes differ by race and ethnicity. To this end, the Diversity Working Group of the IRONMAN registry has developed informed strategies for site selection, recruitment, engagement and retention, and trial design and eligibility criteria to ensure broad inclusion and needs awareness of minority participants. In concert with systematic strategies to tackle the complex levels of disparate care, our ultimate goal is to expand minority engagement in clinical research and bridge the disparities gap in prostate cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana R. McKay
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Rana R. McKay, MD, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92023; e-mail:
| | - Theresa Gold
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Adam Friedant
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY
| | | | - Marie Grant
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Maria D. Jackson
- University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | | | | | - Kellie Paich
- Movember Foundation, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camille Ragin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA,African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Clayton Yates
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL,Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC), Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jake Vinson
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY
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138
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Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Tobisawa Y, Yamamoto H, Ohyama C. Narrative review of urinary glycan biomarkers in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1850-1864. [PMID: 33968674 PMCID: PMC8100853 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The application of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has improved the diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the PSA test has become associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of PC. Urinary glycoproteins and exosomes are a potential source of PC glycan biomarkers. Urinary glycan profiling can provide noninvasive monitoring of tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness throughout a treatment course. However, urinary glycan profiling is not popular due to technical disadvantages, such as complicated structural analysis that requires specialized expertise. The technological development of glycan analysis is a rapidly advancing field. A lectin-based microarray can detect aberrant glycoproteins in urine, including PSA glycoforms and exosomes. Glycan enrichment beads can enrich the concentration of N-linked glycans specifically. Capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry can detect glycans directory. Many studies suggest potential of urinary glycoproteins, exosomes, and glycosyltransferases as a biomarker of PC. Although further technological challenges remain, urinary glycan analysis is one of the promising approaches for cancer biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Ma J, Wei H, Li X, Qu X. Hsa-miR-149-5p Suppresses Prostate Carcinoma Malignancy by Suppressing RGS17. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2773-2783. [PMID: 33790651 PMCID: PMC8007479 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s281968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the progression of human cancers. While several miRNAs have been reported to regulate the development of tumors, the molecular mechanisms and roles of miR-149-5p in prostate carcinoma (PCa) remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the interaction and functions of miR-149-5p and RGS17 in PCa. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify the key miRNA and gene involved in PCa progression. The expression levels of miRNA and mRNA in PCa tissues and cells were verified by qRT-PCR. MTT assay, BrdU proliferation assay and wound-healing assay were applied to assess the effect of miR-149-5p and RGS17 on PCa cells’ viability, proliferation, and migration ability. The association between RGS17 and miR-149-5p was identify using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot assay. Results Data analysis indicated the reduction of miR-149-5p expression in PCa tissues and cells. Experimental investigations also showed that this miRNA suppressed the viability, proliferation and migration ability of PCa cells. RGS17 was found to be the target of miR-149-5p, and the low expression of miR-149-5p upregulated RGS17 in PCa tissues and cells. The results of the cell-function assays showed that RGS17 acted as an oncogene in PCa even though its promotive effect could be reversed by miR-149-5p. Conclusion This research confirmed that by targeting and inhibiting RGS17, miR-149-5p could suppress PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Wei
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Kubota Y, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Yoneyama MS, Hamano I, Konishi S, Okamoto T, Yamamoto H, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Ohyama C. Prognostic significance of total plasma cell-free DNA level and androgen receptor amplification in castration-resistant prostate cancer. World J Urol 2021; 39:3265-3271. [PMID: 33675416 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic significance of total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level and androgen receptor amplification (AR-amp) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS We retrospectively compared the total cfDNA level and AR-amp in 42 individuals without prostate cancer, 57 patients with localized prostate cancer without androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), 97 patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) with ADT, and 97 patients with CRPC. The association of these cfDNA biomarkers on disease status and overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Finally, a simple risk model was developed including total cfDNA and AR-amp to predict poor prognosis. RESULTS The median total cfDNA level and AR-amp in patients with CRPC was 387 pg/μL and 1.07 copies, respectively. The total cfDNA levels and AR-amp were significantly higher in the patients with CRPC than in individuals without prostate cancer, patients with localized prostate cancer without ADT, and patients with CSPC with ADT. Total cfDNA-high (> 600 pg/μL) and AR-amp-high (> 1.26 copies) were significantly associated with poor overall survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed cfDNA-high and AR-amp-high were significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with CRPC. We developed a risk model using cfDNA-high (score 1) and AR-amp-high (score 1). The risk score 1-2 was significantly associated with worse overall survival than score 0. CONCLUSION Total cfDNA level and AR-amp are potential biomarkers for poor prognosis in patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kubota
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Sutoh Yoneyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Cell Biology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Itsuto Hamano
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sakae Konishi
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Teppei Okamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-chou, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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141
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Chen L, Han L, Mao S, Xu P, Xu X, Zhao R, Wu Z, Zhong K, Yu G, Wang X. Discovery of A031 as effective proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) androgen receptor (AR) degrader for the treatment of prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113307. [PMID: 33652354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. We report herein the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of highly effective proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) androgen receptor (AR) degraders, such as compound A031. It could induce the degradation of AR protein in VCaP cell lines in a time-dependent manner, achieving the IC 50 value of less than 0.25 μM. The A031 is 5 times less toxic than EZLA and works with an appropriate half-life (t 1/2) or clearance rate (Cl). Also, it has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth in zebrafish transplanted with human prostate cancer (VCaP). Therefore, A031 provides a further idea of developing novel drugs for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 S. Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Liuquan Han
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Shujun Mao
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 S. Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 S. Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Yu
- Suzhou Degen Bio-medical Co., Ltd, No.1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215000, PR China.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 S. Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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142
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Choi HG, Bang WJ, Jo JK, Oh CY, Shim M, Cho JS. The association between family history of prostate cancer and development of prostate cancer among Korean population: A prospective cohort study using KoGES data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24757. [PMID: 33607822 PMCID: PMC7899810 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of family history (FH) on prostate cancer (PCa) development among a general Korean population. We conducted a prospective cohort study based on the registry records of 211,789 participants in the database of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2013. A total of 69,693 men with appropriate records were evaluated by being categorizing into 2 groups; a PCa group (100) and control group (69,593). FH of PCa was also categorized as FH of total, father, or brother. Odds ratios (ORs) of PCa development were calculated by using stratified logistic regression models. The adjusted OR of PCa history of father was 27.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.7-79.2, P < .001) in PCa patients compared to control, and that of PCa history of brother was 15.8 (95% CI = 3.6-69.6, P < .001). Among the adjusted variables, age (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14-1.21; P < .001), and hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.25; CI, 1.32-3.84; P = .003) were also identified as significant predictors of PCa development. There was no difference in the impact of FH on PCa development between different age groups at PCa diagnosis (<60 vs ≥60 years). To our knowledge, this study represents the first prospective cohort study based on the registry data of a Korean population showing the significance of FH on PCa development. Additionally, the effect of FH on the early onset of PCa has not been confirmed in our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory
| | - Woo Jin Bang
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
| | - Jung Ki Jo
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Young Oh
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
| | - Myungsun Shim
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
| | - Jin Seon Cho
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
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143
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Rebello RJ, Oing C, Knudsen KE, Loeb S, Johnson DC, Reiter RE, Gillessen S, Van der Kwast T, Bristow RG. Prostate cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [PMID: 33542230 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0024.3-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of men globally, predominantly in high human development index regions. Patients with localized disease at a low to intermediate risk of recurrence generally have a favourable outcome of 99% overall survival for 10 years if the disease is detected and treated at an early stage. Key genetic alterations include fusions of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes, amplification of the MYC oncogene, deletion and/or mutation of PTEN and TP53 and, in advanced disease, amplification and/or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR). Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed by prostate biopsy prompted by a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen levels and/or digital rectal examination. Treatment for localized disease includes active surveillance, radical prostatectomy or ablative radiotherapy as curative approaches. Men whose disease relapses after prostatectomy are treated with salvage radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for local relapse, or with ADT combined with chemotherapy or novel androgen signalling-targeted agents for systemic relapse. Advanced prostate cancer often progresses despite androgen ablation and is then considered castration-resistant and incurable. Current treatment options include AR-targeted agents, chemotherapy, radionuclides and the poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitor olaparib. Current research aims to improve prostate cancer detection, management and outcomes, including understanding the fundamental biology at all stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christoph Oing
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health and Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - David C Johnson
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, Jonssen Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Theodorus Van der Kwast
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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144
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Chen YA, Lai YR, Wu HY, Lo YJ, Chang YF, Hung CL, Lin CJ, Lo UG, Lin H, Hsieh JT, Chiu CH, Lin YH, Lai CH. Bacterial Genotoxin-Coated Nanoparticles for Radiotherapy Sensitization in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020151. [PMID: 33557143 PMCID: PMC7913852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and usually becomes refractory because of recurrence and metastasis. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein, serves as a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). It has been found to be abundantly expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs) that often exhibit a radioresistant phenotype. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), produced by Campylobacter jejuni, is a tripartite genotoxin composed of CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC subunits. Among the three, CdtB acts as a type I deoxyribonuclease (DNase I), which creates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Nanoparticles loaded with antitumor drugs and specific ligands that recognize cancerous cell receptors are promising methods to overcome the therapeutic challenges. In this study, HA-decorated nanoparticle-encapsulated CdtB (HA-CdtB-NPs) were prepared and their targeted therapeutic activity in radioresistant PCa cells was evaluated. Our results showed that HA-CdtB-NPs sensitized radioresistant PCa cells by enhancing DSB and causing G2/M cell-cycle arrest, without affecting the normal prostate epithelial cells. HA-CdtB-NPs possess maximum target specificity and delivery efficiency of CdtB into the nucleus and enhance the effect of radiation in radioresistant PCa cells. These findings demonstrate that HA-CdtB-NPs exert target specificity accompanied with radiomimetic activity and can be developed as an effective strategy against radioresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yen-Ju Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Targeted Drug and Delivery Technology Division, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of men globally, predominantly in high human development index regions. Patients with localized disease at a low to intermediate risk of recurrence generally have a favourable outcome of 99% overall survival for 10 years if the disease is detected and treated at an early stage. Key genetic alterations include fusions of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes, amplification of the MYC oncogene, deletion and/or mutation of PTEN and TP53 and, in advanced disease, amplification and/or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR). Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed by prostate biopsy prompted by a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen levels and/or digital rectal examination. Treatment for localized disease includes active surveillance, radical prostatectomy or ablative radiotherapy as curative approaches. Men whose disease relapses after prostatectomy are treated with salvage radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for local relapse, or with ADT combined with chemotherapy or novel androgen signalling-targeted agents for systemic relapse. Advanced prostate cancer often progresses despite androgen ablation and is then considered castration-resistant and incurable. Current treatment options include AR-targeted agents, chemotherapy, radionuclides and the poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitor olaparib. Current research aims to improve prostate cancer detection, management and outcomes, including understanding the fundamental biology at all stages of the disease.
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146
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Oczkowski M, Dziendzikowska K, Pasternak-Winiarska A, Włodarek D, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Reduction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020496. [PMID: 33546190 PMCID: PMC7913227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.
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147
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Zhou Y, Mai Z, Yan W, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Xiao Y, Wang W, Shang Z, Yuan R, Ji Z, Li H. The characteristics and spatial distributions of prostate cancer in autopsy specimens. Prostate 2021; 81:135-141. [PMID: 33306857 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of prostate cancer on autopsy and early-stage prostate cancer are identical. Using autopsy specimens, we analysed prostate cancer characteristics and clarified the spatial distributions of lesions. METHOD We obtained prostate specimens from Chinese donors without a prostate cancer diagnosis and analyzed prostate cancer pathological characteristics on autopsy by whole-mount sampling. We determined the distributions of lesions in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension included four horizontal quadrants (left-anterior, left-posterior, right-anterior, and right-posterior quadrants), the peripheral zone, and the transition zone. RESULT The overall positive rate of prostate cancer among 113 specimens was 35.4%. There were 73 lesions in 40 prostates with prostate cancer. The positive rates of lesions in the left-anterior, left-posterior, right-anterior, and right-posterior quadrants were 24.7% (18/73), 27.4% (20/73), 26.0% (19/73), and 21.9% (16/73), respectively. The positive rate of prostate cancer was 74% in the areas between the apex above 0.5-0.8 cm and the middle slice. There were 22 (30.1%) and 51 (69.9%) lesions in the superior and inferior half of the prostate. There were no significant differences in the median volume and Gleason grade group between the superior and inferior half (p = .876 and p = .228). CONCLUSION In the horizontal dimension, the positive rate of prostate cancer was consistent in the four quadrants. Prostate cancer mainly originated from the areas between the apex above 0.5-0.8 cm and the middle slice. Compared with the superior half, the inferior half of the prostate had a higher positive rate but the same lesion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Mai
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhien Zhou
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shang
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runqiang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzhong Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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148
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Global Trends of Latent Prostate Cancer in Autopsy Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020359. [PMID: 33478075 PMCID: PMC7835858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is statistically biased due to the increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems. However, studies on latent PC provide less biased information. This comprehensive review included studies evaluating latent PC in several countries. The prevalence of latent PC has been stable since 1950 in Western countries, but it has increased over time in Asian countries. Latent PC in Asian men has increased in prevalence and is higher in grade. This increase occurred not only due to the increase in PSA screening, but also due to increasing adoption of a Westernized lifestyle. Racial differences between Caucasian and Asian men may also explain the tumor location of latent PC. The autopsy findings in patients with latent PC included a significant proportion of high grade and stage cancers, suggesting a need to reconsider the definition of clinically insignificant PC. Abstract The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) has been increasing in Asian countries, where it was previously low. Although the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle is a possible explanation, the incidence is statistically biased due to the increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems. Studies on latent PC provide less biased information. This review included studies evaluating latent PC in several countries after excluding studies using random or single-section evaluations and those that did not mention section thickness. The findings showed that latent PC prevalence has been stable since 1950 in Western countries, but has increased over time in Asian countries. Latent PC in Asian men has increased in both prevalence and number of high-grade cases. Racial differences between Caucasian and Asian men may explain the tumor location of latent PC. In conclusion, the recent increase in latent PC in Asian men is consistent with an increase in clinical PC. Evidence suggests that this increase is caused not only by the increase in PSA screening, but also by the adoption of a more Westernized lifestyle. Autopsy findings suggest the need to reconsider the definition of clinically insignificant PC.
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wang N, Ye Y, Deng M, Zhao D, Jiang L, Chen D, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang Z, Li J, Zhou F, Li Y. Prostate cryoablation combined with androgen deprivation therapy for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer: a propensity score-based study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:837-844. [PMID: 33664457 PMCID: PMC8384623 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies showed that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus local treatment of prostate could improve metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients' survival. To date there are few studies analyzed the value of prostate cryoablation in mPCa. The objective of our analysis is to evaluate the oncological results and clinical value of prostate cryoablation combined with ADT compared with ADT alone in newly diagnosed mPCa patients. METHODS Newly diagnosed mPCa patients undergoing cryoablation plus ADT (group A) between January 2011 and November 2018 were identified. Patients receiving ADT alone (group B) were selected from the same institutional prostate cancer database by propensity score matching based on clinical characteristics. Oncological results and clinical value in symptom control and primary lesion treatment were compared. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included in each group. Prostate cryoablation was well tolerated. The median follow-up time was 40 (27-53) and 39 (31-54) months in group A and group B, respectively. Patients in group A had a lower median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir (0.025 ng/mL vs. 0.230 ng/mL, p = 0.001), longer median failure-free survival (FFS) (39 months vs. 21 months, p = 0.005), and median metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)-free survival (39 months vs. 21 months, p = 0.007). No difference in cancer-specific survival and overall survival was found between the two groups. Multivariate Cox analysis showed combination therapy reduced the risk of FFS by 45.8% (HR = 0.542 [95% CI 0.329-0.893]; p = 0.016). Patients in group A had better clinical relief of urinary symptoms (79.1 vs. 59.1%, p = 0.044) and required less treatment of primary lesions for symptomatic relief (13.0 vs. 31.5%, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Prostate cryoablation plus ADT decreases PSA nadir, prolongs FFS and mCRPC-free survival, relieves urinary symptoms and reduces the need for treating primary lesions in newly diagnosed mPCa patients compared to ADT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yangtian Ye
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Deng
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Diwei Zhao
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Dong Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - ZhiYong Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jibin Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yonghong Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Song SH, Byun SS. Polygenic risk score for genetic evaluation of prostate cancer risk in Asian populations: A narrative review. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:256-266. [PMID: 33943048 PMCID: PMC8100017 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing costs of genetic testing and interest in disease inheritance has changed the landscape of cancer prediction in prostate cancer (PCa), and guidelines now include genetic testing for high-risk groups. Familial and hereditary PCa comprises approximately 20% and 5% of all PCa, respectively. Multifaceted disorders like PCa are caused by a combinatory effect of rare genes of high penetrance and smaller genetic variants of relatively lower effect size. Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a novel tool utilizing PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate an additive estimate of an individual's lifetime genetic risk for cancer. However, most PRS are developed based on GWAS collected from mainly European populations and do not address ethnic differences in PCa genetics. This review highlights the attempts to generate a PRS tailored to Asian males including data from Korea, China, and Japan, and discuss the clinical implications for prediction of early onset and aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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