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Fredriksson C, Hedhammar M, Feinstein R, Nordling K, Kratz G, Johansson J, Huss F, Rising A. Tissue Response to Subcutaneously Implanted Recombinant Spider Silk: An in Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5513568 DOI: 10.3390/ma2041908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk is an interesting biomaterial for medical applications. Recently, a method for production of recombinant spider silk protein (4RepCT) that forms macroscopic fibres in physiological solution was developed. Herein, 4RepCT and MersilkTM (control) fibres were implanted subcutaneously in rats for seven days, without any negative systemic or local reactions. The tissue response, characterised by infiltration of macrophages and multinucleated cells, was similar with both fibres, while only the 4RepCT-fibres supported ingrowth of fibroblasts and newly formed capillaries. This in vivo study indicates that 4RepCT-fibres are well tolerated and could be used for medical applications, e.g., tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fredriksson
- Laboratory for Experimental Plastic Surgery, Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköpings Universitet, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; E-Mail: (C.F.)
- Berzelius Clinical Research Center, Berzelius Science Park, 582 25 Linköping, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, the Biomedical Centre, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.H.); (K.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Ricardo Feinstein
- National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail: (R.F.)
| | - Kerstin Nordling
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, the Biomedical Centre, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.H.); (K.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Gunnar Kratz
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital of Linköping, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; E-Mail: (G.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, the Biomedical Centre, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.H.); (K.N.); (J.J.)
| | - Fredrik Huss
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital of Linköping, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; E-Mail: (G.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, the Biomedical Centre, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.H.); (K.N.); (J.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +46-18-471-4019; Fax: +46-18-550-762
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Abstract
Bridging nerve gaps with suitable grafts is a major clinical problem. The autologous nerve graft is considered to be the gold standard, providing the best functional results; however, donor site morbidity is still a major disadvantage. Various attempts have been made to overcome the problems of autologous nerve grafts with artificial nerve tubes, which are “ready-to-use” in almost every situation. A wide range of materials have been used in animal models but only few have been applied to date clinically, where biocompatibility is an inevitable prerequisite. This review gives an idea about artificial nerve tubes with special focus on their biocompatibility in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-451-5002061; Fax: +49-451-5002190
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Hisham Fansa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld-Mitte, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany; E-Mail:
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103
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Grip S, Johansson J, Hedhammar M. Engineered disulfides improve mechanical properties of recombinant spider silk. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1012-22. [PMID: 19388023 DOI: 10.1002/pro.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nature's high-performance polymer, spider silk, is composed of specific proteins, spidroins, which form solid fibers. So far, fibers made from recombinant spidroins have failed in replicating the extraordinary mechanical properties of the native material. A recombinant miniature spidroin consisting of four poly-Ala/Gly-rich tandem repeats and a nonrepetitive C-terminal domain (4RepCT) can be isolated in physiological buffers and undergoes self assembly into macrofibers. Herein, we have made a first attempt to improve the mechanical properties of 4RepCT fibers by selective introduction of AA --> CC mutations and by letting the fibers form under physiologically relevant redox conditions. Introduction of AA --> CC mutations in the first poly-Ala block in the miniature spidroin increases the stiffness and tensile strength without changes in ability to form fibers, or in fiber morphology. These improved mechanical properties correlate with degree of disulfide formation. AA --> CC mutations in the forth poly-Ala block, however, lead to premature aggregation of the protein, possibly due to disulfide bonding with a conserved Cys in the C-terminal domain. Replacement of this Cys with a Ser, lowers thermal stability but does not interfere with dimerization, fiber morphology or tensile strength. These results show that mutagenesis of 4RepCT can reveal spidroin structure-activity relationships and generate recombinant fibers with improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grip
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Biomedical Centre, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
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104
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Radtke C, Redeker J, Vogt PM. Re: Kalbermatten DF, Erba P, Mahay D, Wiberg M, Pierer G, Terenghi G. Schwann cell strip for peripheral nerve repair. J Hand Surg Eur. 2008, 33: 587-94. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2009; 34:558-9; author replly 559. [PMID: 19675052 DOI: 10.1177/1753193409105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Radtke
- Hannover Medical School, Deaprtment of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Joern Redeker
- Hannover Medical School, Deaprtment of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Peter M. Vogt
- Hannover Medical School, Deaprtment of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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105
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Basics and Current Approaches to Tissue Engineering in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/wnq.0b013e3181a361c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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106
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Yan H, Zhang F, Chen MB, Lineaweaver WC. Chapter 10 Conduit Luminal Additives for Peripheral Nerve Repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 87:199-225. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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