101
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Cory AL, Schneider JM. Effects of social information on life history and mating tactics of males in the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:344-355. [PMID: 29321876 PMCID: PMC5756857 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Informed mating decisions are often based on social cues providing information about prospective mating opportunities. Social information early in life can trigger developmental modifications and influence later mating decisions. A high adaptive value of such adjustments is particularly obvious in systems where potential mating rates are extremely limited and have to be carried out in a short time window. Males of the sexually cannibalistic spider Argiope bruennichi can achieve maximally two copulations which they can use for one (monogyny) or two females (bigyny). The choice between these male mating tactics should rely on female availability that males might assess through volatile sex pheromones emitted by virgin females. We predict that in response to those female cues, males of A. bruennichi should mature earlier and at a smaller body size and favor a bigynous mating tactic in comparison with controls. We sampled spiders from two areas close to the Southern and Northern species range to account for differences in mate quality and seasonality. In a fully factorial design, half of the subadult males from both areas obtained silk cues of females, while the other half remained without female exposure. Adult males were subjected to no‐choice mating tests and could either monopolize the female or leave her (bigyny). We found that Southern males matured later and at a larger size than Northern males. Regardless of their origin, males also shortened the subadult stage in response to female cues, which, however, had no effects on male body mass. Contrary to our prediction, the frequencies of mating tactics were unaffected by the treatment. We conclude that while social cues during late development elicit adaptive life history adjustments, they are less important for the adjustment of mating decisions. We suggest that male tactics mostly rely on local information at the time of mate search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Cory
- Zoologisches Institut Universität Hamburg Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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102
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Tinghitella RM, Lehto WR, Lierheimer VF. Color and behavior differently predict competitive outcomes for divergent stickleback color morphs. Curr Zool 2017; 64:115-123. [PMID: 29492044 PMCID: PMC5809037 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of how male competition contributes to speciation is dominated by investigations of competition between within-species morphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season (e.g. color, song). In such studies, it is important to consider the manner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcome of competitive interactions within and between types because these traits can communicate information about competitor quality and may not be utilized by homotypic and heterotypic receivers in the same way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in competition within and between two divergent threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus color types. Our previous work in this system showed that the switch from red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in male competition biases. Here, we find that red and black males also use different currencies in competition. Winners of both color types performed more aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the competitor was of the same or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted competitive outcomes for red and black males. Males who were redder at the start of competition were more likely to win when paired with homotypic competitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic competitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to competitive outcomes. Placing questions about the role of male competition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution framework may provide insight into the "why and how" of aggression biases and asymmetries in competitive ability between closely related morphs and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Tinghitella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2199 S. University Blvd, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Whitley R Lehto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2199 S. University Blvd, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - V Faith Lierheimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, 2199 S. University Blvd, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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103
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Sá-Oliveira JC, Ferrari SF, Vasconcelos HCG, Araujo AS, Costa Campos CE, Mattos-Dias CAG, Fecury AA, Oliveira E, Mendes-Junior RNG, Isaac VJ. Resource Partitioning between Two Piranhas ( Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus) in an Amazonian Reservoir. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:8064126. [PMID: 29359177 PMCID: PMC5735643 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8064126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of resources by closely related species with similar niches may be mediated by differences in activity patterns, which may vary in nycthemeral scale and seasonal scale. Piranhas Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus are Neotropical predators that occur sympatrically in many environments of the Amazon basin. To evaluate the strategies adopted by these two species in a restricted environment (a reservoir), nycthemeral and seasonal samples were made, identifying the composition of the diet and their activity patterns. A total of 402 specimens were collected: 341 S. gibbus and 61 S. rhombeus. Both species fed themselves primarily on fish, with some seasonal variation being found in S. gibbus during the flood season, when plant material was consumed. There was considerable temporal overlap in the foraging behavior of the two species, although S. rhombeus presented a bimodal pattern of abundance over the 24-hour cycle. S. rhombeus was more active during the nighttime, between dusk and early morning, whereas S. gibbus was active throughout the nycthemeral cycle. These findings indicate low levels of competition between the two species, which allowed for a considerable overlap in nighttime foraging, following distinct nycthemeral patterns of foraging activity and allowing their coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C. Sá-Oliveira
- Ichthyology and Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM-02, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Stephen F. Ferrari
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon s/n Rosa Elze, 49000-100 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Huann C. Gentil Vasconcelos
- Ichthyology and Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM-02, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Andrea S. Araujo
- Zoology Laboratory, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM-02, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Costa Campos
- Herpetology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM-02, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda A. Fecury
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM-02, 68903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Euzébio Oliveira
- Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Guamá, 01 Rua Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Raimundo N. G. Mendes-Junior
- Cajari River Extractive Reserve, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rua Leopoldo Machado, 1126, Centro, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Victoria J. Isaac
- Fisheries Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Guamá, 01 Rua Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
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104
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105
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Servedio MR, Boughman JW. The Role of Sexual Selection in Local Adaptation and Speciation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection plays several intricate and complex roles in the related processes of local adaptation and speciation. In some cases sexual selection can promote these processes, but in others it can be inhibitory. We present theoretical and empirical evidence supporting these dual effects of sexual selection during local adaptation, allopatric speciation, and speciation with gene flow. Much of the empirical evidence for sexual selection promoting speciation is suggestive rather than conclusive; we present what would constitute strong evidence for sexual selection driving speciation. We conclude that although there is ample evidence that sexual selection contributes to the speciation process, it is very likely to do so only in concert with natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Servedio
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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106
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Petersdorf M, Dubuc C, Georgiev AV, Winters S, Higham JP. Is male rhesus macaque facial coloration under intrasexual selection? Behav Ecol 2017; 28:1472-1481. [PMID: 29622929 PMCID: PMC5872909 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated male traits can evolve under intra- or intersexual selection, but it remains less clear how often both mechanisms act together on trait evolution. While the males of many anthropoid primate species exhibit colorful signals that appear to be badges of status under intrasexual selection, the red facial coloration of male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) appears to have evolved primarily under intersexual selection and female mate choice. Nonetheless, experiments show that red color is salient to males, raising the question of whether the signal may also be under intrasexual selection. Here, we examine whether males express this signal more strongly in competitive contexts. Facial images were collected on all 15 adult males of a free-ranging social group during the peak of the mating season, and coloration was quantified using visual models. Results show that males more similar in facial redness were more likely to interact aggressively than more dissimilar ones, suggesting that color may be involved in the assessment of rivals. Furthermore, males exhibited darker coloration on days they were observed copulating, and dominance rank predicted facial redness only on copulating days, suggesting that coloration may also advertise motivation to defend a mate. Male rhesus macaque facial coloration may thus mediate agonistic interactions with rivals during competition over reproductive opportunities, such that it is under both inter- and intrasexual selection. However, color differences were small, raising perceptibility questions. It remains possible that color variation reflects differences in male condition, which in turn alter investment towards male-male competition and mating effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Petersdorf
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Pl, New York,
NY 10003, USA
| | - Constance Dubuc
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Pl, New York,
NY 10003, USA
| | - Alexander V Georgiev
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St,
Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor,
Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Sandra Winters
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Pl, New York,
NY 10003, USA
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Pl, New York,
NY 10003, USA
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107
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Aribi N, Oulhaci MC, Kilani-Morakchi S, Sandoz JC, Kaiser L, Denis B, Joly D. Azadirachtin impact on mate choice, female sexual receptivity and male activity in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:95-101. [PMID: 29183617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Azadirachtin, a neem compound (Azadirachta indica) with medical and anti-insect properties, is one the most successful botanical pesticides in agricultural use. However, its controversial impact on non-targeted species and its mechanism of action need to be clarified. In addition, Azadirachtin impact on pre- and post-mating traits remains largely undocumented. The current study examined the effects of Azadirachtin on Drosophila melanogaster as a non-target and model species. Azadirachtin was applied topically at its LD50 (0.63μg) on the day of adult emergence and its effect was evaluated on several traits of reproductive behavior: mate choice, male activity, female sexual receptivity, sperm storage and female sterility. In choice and no choice conditions, only male treatment reduced mating probability. Female treatment impaired mating probability only when males had the choice. Males' mating ability may have been impaired by an effect of the treatment on their mobility. Such an effect was observed in the actimeter, which revealed that treated males were less active than untreated ones, and this effect persisted over 8days. Azadirachtin treatment had, however, no effect on the nycthemeral rhythm of those males. Even when mating occurred, Azadirachtin treatment impaired post-mating responses especially when females or both sexes were treated: remating probability increases and female fertility (presence of larvae) decreases. No impairment was observed on the efficiency of mating, evaluated by the presence of sperm in the spermatheca or the ventral receptacle. Male treatment only had no significant effect on these post-mating responses. These findings provide clear evidence that Azadirachtin alters the reproductive behavior of both sexes in D. melanogaster via mating and post-mating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aribi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - M C Oulhaci
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - S Kilani-Morakchi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Animale Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - J C Sandoz
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Kaiser
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Denis
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Joly
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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108
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Mating-induced sexual inhibition in the jumping spider Servaea incana (Araneae: Salticidae): A fast-acting and long-lasting effect. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184940. [PMID: 29045411 PMCID: PMC5646760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating-induced sexual inhibition has been studied extensively as an important facet of many insect mating systems but remains little understood in spiders. Once mated, females of many spider species become unreceptive and aggressive toward males, but the speed of onset and persistence of this effect are not known. Addressing this gap, the present study considers (1) mating tendency of virgins, latency to remating, and lifetime mating frequency and (2) how quickly sexual inhibition is expressed after the first mating in female Servaea incana jumping spiders. Encounters between males and females took place in two contexts that simulated locations where mating occurs in nature: in the light away from nests ('in the open') and in low light within the shelter of silken retreats ('at a retreat'). Virgin females exhibited high receptivity levels in both contexts but sexual inhibition was induced immediately after their first copulation. The most common tendency was for just one mating in a lifetime, and few females mated more than twice. Context also had an effect on female mating tendency, as virgin females in the open rejected more males before accepting their first mate than did virgin females in retreats. Considering only those females that did remate, females in the open tended to reject fewer males before remating. Given low levels of female remating, virgin females appear to be at a premium for male reproductive fitness in S. incana jumping spiders and this is a likely explanation for protandry found in nature.
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109
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Hardy EJ, Bumm LA, Schlupp I. Social function of a variable lateral stripe inXiphophorus hellerii? Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lloyd A. Bumm
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
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110
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Spicer MM, Hart SL, Brighty SR, Gall BG. Absence of visual discrimination by female eastern newts during mate selection. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2016.1240713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby L. Hart
- Department of Biology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA
| | - Sara R. Brighty
- Department of Biology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA
| | - Brian G. Gall
- Department of Biology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA
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111
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Stern CA, Servedio MR. Evolution of a mating preference for a dual-utility trait used in intrasexual competition in genetically monogamous populations. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8008-8016. [PMID: 29043052 PMCID: PMC5632625 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection pressures by which mating preferences for ornamental traits can evolve in genetically monogamous mating systems remain understudied. Empirical evidence from several taxa supports the prevalence of dual-utility traits, defined as traits used both as armaments in intersexual selection and ornaments in intrasexual selection, as well as the importance of intrasexual resource competition for the evolution of female ornamentation. Here, we study whether mating preferences for traits used in intrasexual resource competition can evolve under genetic monogamy. We find that a mating preference for a competitive trait can evolve and affect the evolution of the trait. The preference is more likely to persist when the fecundity benefit for mates of successful competitors is large and the aversion to unornamented potential mates is strong. The preference can persist for long periods or potentially permanently even when it incurs slight costs. Our results suggest that, when females use ornaments as signals in intrasexual resource competition, males can evolve mating preferences for those ornaments, illuminating both the evolution of female ornamentation and the evolution of male preferences for female ornaments in monogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Stern
- Department of BiologyCB 3280 Coker HallUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Present address:
Caitlin A. Stern, Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeNMUSA
- Present address:
Interacting Minds CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maria R. Servedio
- Department of BiologyCB 3280 Coker HallUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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112
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Wormington JD, Luttbeg B. Allometry and morphometrics of clypeal membrane size and shape in Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae). J Morphol 2017; 278:1619-1627. [PMID: 28755396 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Contests between same-sex opponents over resources necessary for reproduction, as well interactions used to discern mate quality, often involve exaggerated traits wherein large individuals have disproportionately larger traits. This positive allometric scaling of weapons or signals facilitates communication during social interactions by accentuating body size differences between individuals. Typically, males carry these exaggerated traits, as males must compete over limited female gametes. However, in Nicrophorus beetles both males and females engage in physical contests over the vertebrate carcasses they need to provision and raise offspring. Male and female Nicrophorus beetles have extended clypeal membranes directly above their mandibles, which could serve as signals. We investigated the scaling relationships between clypeal membrane size and shape and body size for five species of North American burying beetle to determine whether clypeal membranes contain exaggerated body size information. We found that clypeal membranes for both sexes of all species scaled positively with body size (slope > 1). Three of the five species also displayed sexual dimorphism in aspects of clypeal membrane size and shape allometry despite lack of dimorphism in body size. In two dimorphic species, small male clypeal membranes were statistically indistinguishable from the female form. We conclude that colored clypeal membranes in Nicrophorus beetles do contain exaggerated body size information. Observed patterns of dimorphism suggest that males sometimes experience stronger selection on marking size and shape, which might be explained by life history differences among species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barney Luttbeg
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University
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113
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Abstract
Molecular and cellular studies reveal that the resistance of hosts to parasites and pathogens is a cascade-like process with multiple steps required to be passed for successful infection. By contrast, much of evolutionary reasoning is based on strongly simplified, one- or two-step infection processes with simple genetics or on resistance being a quantitative trait. Here we attempt a conceptual unification of these two perspectives with the aim of cross-fostering research and filling some of the gaps in our concepts of the ecology and evolution of disease. This conceptual unification has a profound impact on the way we understand the genetics and evolution of host resistance, ecological immunity, evolution of virulence, defence portfolios, and host-pathogen coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gilberto Bento
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland; Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Wallotstrasse 19, 14193 Berlin, Germany.
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114
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Kuhelj A, Virant-Doberlet M. Male-male interactions and male mating success in the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anka Kuhelj
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research; National Institute of Biology; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Meta Virant-Doberlet
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research; National Institute of Biology; Ljubljana Slovenia
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115
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Pascoal S, Mendrok M, Wilson AJ, Hunt J, Bailey NW. Sexual selection and population divergence II. Divergence in different sexual traits and signal modalities in field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus
). Evolution 2017; 71:1614-1626. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pascoal
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Mendrok
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagellonian University; Gronostajova 7 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Alastair J. Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall Campus TR10 9EZ United Kingdom
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall Campus TR10 9EZ United Kingdom
- School of Science and Health and Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University; Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Nathan W. Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity; University of St Andrews; St. Andrews KY16 9TH United Kingdom
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116
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Persistence of a sugar-rejecting cockroach genotype under various dietary regimes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46361. [PMID: 28406167 PMCID: PMC5390319 DOI: 10.1038/srep46361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-aversion is a heritable trait that evolved in a number of German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations in response to strong selection with glucose-containing insecticide baits. However, in the absence of glucose-containing bait, glucose-averse (GA) cockroaches have lower performance than wild-type (WT) cockroaches in several fitness-determining traits. We allocated 48 caged populations initiated with homozygous GA and WT adults to four dietary treatments consisting of either pure rodent chow, rodent chow mixed to yield a content of either 20% glucose or 20% fructose, or a treatment consisting of choice between the 20% glucose- and the 20% fructose-containing food. After 6 months we found significantly higher frequency of WT individuals in populations restricted to the 20% glucose food, and after 12 months all dietary treatments contained significantly more WT individuals than expected. In accompanying experiments, we found lower survival and longer development time of GA nymphs restricted to glucose-containing food. We furthermore found evidence for assortative mating of females with males from their own genotype, with significant differences within WT cockroaches. Our study shows experimental evidence that within heterogeneous populations, WT German cockroaches will over time prevail in abundance over GA individuals, even when glucose is not a dietary component.
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117
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Rebout N, Thierry B, Sanna A, Cozzolino R, Aujard F, De Marco A. Female mate choice and male-male competition in Tonkean macaques: Who decides? Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rebout
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Bernard Thierry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | | | | | - Fabienne Aujard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution; Brunoy France
| | - Arianna De Marco
- Fondazione Ethoikos; Radicondoli Italy
- Parco Faunistico di Piano dell'Abatino; Poggio San Lorenzo Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
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118
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Latitudinal Influence on the Sexual Dimorphism of the Marine Fish Bathygobius soporator (Gobiidae: Teleostei). Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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119
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Yasuda CI, Otoda M, Nakano R, Takiya Y, Koga T. Seasonal change in sexual size dimorphism of the major cheliped in the hermit crab Pagurus minutus. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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120
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Hasegawa M, Arai E. Negative interplay of tail and throat ornaments at pair formation in male barn swallows. BEHAVIOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pair formation is indispensable for breeding in monogamous species, generating selection for male traits that increase the probability of pairing success. Male ornamentation is one such trait, and several empirical studies have shown the importance of each of multiple ornaments. Still, it remains unclear how multiple ornaments in combination affect the probability of pair formation. Using the Japanese barn swallow, Hirundo rustica gutturalis, we studied the interplay of two sexually selected male traits, tail length and throat coloration, during pair formation. Independent of other morphological, ornamental and abiotic variables, the probability of pair formation was predicted by the negative interplay between tail length and plumage colour saturation: males possessing more-colourful plumage with shorter tails or males possessing less-colourful plumage with longer tails had a higher probability of pair formation than others. The current findings may explain spatiotemporal variation in ornamentation and sexual selection in this model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Hasegawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Emi Arai
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
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121
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Maraqa MS, Griffin R, Sharma MD, Wilson AJ, Hunt J, Hosken DJ, House CM. Constrained evolution of the sex comb in Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:388-400. [PMID: 27859860 PMCID: PMC5324616 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Male fitness is dependent on sexual traits that influence mate acquisition (precopulatory sexual selection) and paternity (post-copulatory sexual selection), and although many studies have documented the form of selection in one or the other of these arenas, fewer have done it for both. Nonetheless, it appears that the dominant form of sexual selection is directional, although theoretically, populations should converge on peaks in the fitness surface, where selection is stabilizing. Many factors, however, can prevent populations from reaching adaptive peaks. Genetic constraints can be important if they prevent the development of highest fitness phenotypes, as can the direction of selection if it reverses across episodes of selection. In this study, we examine the evidence that these processes influence the evolution of the multivariate sex comb morphology of male Drosophila simulans. To do this, we conduct a quantitative genetic study together with a multivariate selection analysis to infer how the genetic architecture and selection interact. We find abundant genetic variance and covariance in elements of the sex comb. However, there was little evidence for directional selection in either arena. Significant nonlinear selection was detected prior to copulation when males were mated to nonvirgin females, and post-copulation during sperm offence (again with males mated to nonvirgins). Thus, contrary to our predictions, the evolution of the D. simulans sex comb is limited neither by genetic constraints nor by antagonistic selection between pre- and post-copulatory arenas, but nonlinear selection on the multivariate phenotype may prevent sex combs from evolving to reach some fitness maximizing optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Maraqa
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - R Griffin
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M D Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - J Hunt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - D J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - C M House
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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122
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Relationships between male attractiveness, female remating, and sperm competition in the cigarette beetle. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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123
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124
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Sato N, Yoshida MA, Kasugai T. Impact of cryptic female choice on insemination success: Larger sized and longer copulating male squid ejaculate more, but females influence insemination success by removing spermatangia. Evolution 2016; 71:111-120. [PMID: 27805265 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In polyandrous mating systems, sperm competition and cryptic female choice (CFC) are well recognized as postcopulatory evolutionary forces. However, it remains challenging to separate CFC from sperm competition and to estimate how much CFC influences insemination success because those processes usually occur inside the female's body. The Japanese pygmy squid, Idiosepius paradoxus, is an ideal species in which to separate CFC from sperm competition because sperm transfer by the male and sperm displacement by the female can be observed directly at an external location on the female's body. Here, we counted the number of spermatangia transferred to, removed from, and remaining on the female body during single copulation episodes. We measured behavioral and morphological characteristics of the male, such as duration of copulation and body size. Although males with larger body size and longer copulation time were capable of transferring larger amounts of sperm, females preferentially eliminated sperm from males with larger body size and shorter copulation time by spermatangia removal; thus, CFC could attenuate sperm precedence by larger males, whereas it reinforces sperm precedence by males with longer copulation time. Genetic paternity analysis revealed that fertilisation success for each male was correlated with remaining sperm volume that is adjusted by females after copulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyosi Sato
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.,Current Address: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Masa-Aki Yoshida
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Current Address: Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Kamo 194, Okinoshima-cho, Oki, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasugai
- Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium, 1-3 Minato-machi, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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125
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Herman LM. The multiple functions of male song within the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mating system: review, evaluation, and synthesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1795-1818. [PMID: 28677337 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are seasonal breeders, annually migrating from high-latitude summer feeding grounds to low-latitude winter breeding grounds. The social matrix on the winter grounds is a loose network of interacting individuals and groups and notably includes lone males that produce long bouts of complex song that collectively yield an asynchronous chorus. Occasionally, a male will sing while accompanying other whales. Despite a wealth of knowledge about the social matrix, the full characterization of the mating system remains unresolved, without any firm consensus, as does the function of song within that system. Here, I consider and critically analyse three proposed functions of song that have received the most attention in the literature: female attraction to individual singers, determining or facilitating male-male interactions, and attracting females to a male aggregation within the context of a lekking system. Female attraction suggests that humpback song is an advertisement and invitation to females, but field observations and song playback studies reveal that female visits to individual singers are virtually absent. Other observations suggest instead that females might convey their presence to singers (or to other males) through the percussive sounds of flipper or tail slapping or possibly through vocalizations. There is some evidence for male-male interactions, both dominance and affiliative: visits to singers are almost always other lone males not singing at that time. The joiner may be seeking a coalition with the singer to engage cooperatively in attempts to obtain females, or may be seeking to disrupt the song or to affirm his dominance. Some observations support one or the other intent. However, other observations, in part based on the brevity of most pairings, suggest that the joiner is prospecting, seeking to determine whether the singer is accompanying a female, and if not soon departs. In the lekking hypothesis, the aggregation of vocalizing males on a winter ground and the visits there by non-maternal females apparently for mating meet the fundamental definition of a lekking system and its role though communal display in attracting females to the aggregation, although not to an individual singer. Communal singing is viewed as a form of by-product mutualism in which individuals benefit one another as incidental consequences of their own selfish actions. Possibly, communal singing may also act to stimulate female receptivity. Thus, there are both limitations and merit in all three proposals. Full consideration of song as serving multiple functions is therefore necessary to understand its role in the mating system and the forces acting on the evolution of song. I suggest that song may be the prime vector recruiting colonists to new winter grounds pioneered by vagrant males as population pressures increase or as former winter grounds become unavailable or undesirable, with such instances documented relatively recently. Speculatively, song may have evolved historically as an aggregating call during the dynamic ocean conditions and resulting habitat uncertainties in the late Miocene-early Pliocene epochs when Megaptera began to proliferate. Early song may have been comprised of simpler precursor sounds that through natural selection and ritualization evolved into complex song.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Herman
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa and The Dolphin Institute
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126
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Setchell JM. Sexual Selection and the differences between the sexes in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 159:S105-29. [PMID: 26808101 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection has become a major focus in evolutionary and behavioral ecology. It is also a popular research topic in primatology. I use studies of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), a classic example of extravagant armaments and ornaments in animals, to exemplify how a long-term, multidisciplinary approach that integrates field observations with laboratory methods can contribute to on-going theoretical debates in the field of sexual selection. I begin with a brief summary of the main concepts of sexual selection theory and the differences between the sexes. I then introduce mandrills and the study population and review mandrill life history, the ontogeny of sex differences, and maternal effects. Next, I focus on male-male competition and female choice, followed by the less well-studied questions of female-female competition and male choice. This review shows how different reproductive priorities lead to very different life histories and divergent adaptations in males and females. It demonstrates how broadening traditional perspectives on sexual selection beyond the ostentatious results of intense sexual selection on males leads to an understanding of more subtle and cryptic forms of competition and choice in both sexes and opens many productive avenues in the study of primate reproductive strategies. These include the potential for studies of postcopulatory selection, female intrasexual competition, and male choice. These studies of mandrills provide comparison and, I hope, inspiration for studies of both other polygynandrous species and species with mating systems less traditionally associated with sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology Research Group, Behaviour Ecology and Evolution Research (BEER) Centre, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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127
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Kindermann C, Hero JM. Rapid dynamic colour change is an intrasexual signal in a lek breeding frog (Litoria wilcoxii). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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128
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Why Sexually Selected Weapons Are Not Ornaments. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:742-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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129
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Evans JP, Garcia-Gonzalez F. The total opportunity for sexual selection and the integration of pre- and post-mating episodes of sexual selection in a complex world. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2338-2361. [PMID: 27520979 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that sexual selection can target reproductive traits during successive pre- and post-mating episodes of selection. A key focus of recent studies has been to understand and quantify how these episodes of sexual selection interact to determine overall variance in reproductive success. In this article, we review empirical developments in this field but also highlight the considerable variability in patterns of pre- and post-mating sexual selection, attributable to variation in patterns of resource acquisition and allocation, ecological and social factors, genotype-by-environment interaction and possible methodological factors that might obscure such patterns. Our aim is to highlight how (co)variances in pre- and post-mating sexually selected traits can be sensitive to changes in a range of ecological and environmental variables. We argue that failure to capture this variation when quantifying the opportunity for sexual selection may lead to erroneous conclusions about the strength, direction or form of sexual selection operating on pre- and post-mating traits. Overall, we advocate for approaches that combine measures of pre- and post-mating selection across contrasting environmental or ecological gradients to better understand the dynamics of sexual selection in polyandrous species. We also discuss some directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - F Garcia-Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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130
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Kahrl AF, Cox CL, Cox RM. Correlated evolution between targets of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection across squamate reptiles. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6452-6459. [PMID: 27777721 PMCID: PMC5058519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection reflects the joint contributions of precopulatory selection, which arises from variance in mating success, and postcopulatory selection, which arises from variance in fertilization success. The relative importance of each episode of selection is variable among species, and comparative evidence suggests that traits targeted by precopulatory selection often covary in expression with those targeted by postcopulatory selection when assessed across species, although the strength and direction of this association varies considerably among taxa. We tested for correlated evolution between targets of pre‐ and postcopulatory selection using data on sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and testis size from 151 species of squamate reptiles (120 lizards, 31 snakes). In squamates, male–male competition for mating opportunities often favors large body size, such that the degree of male‐biased SSD is associated with the intensity of precopulatory selection. Likewise, competition for fertilization often favors increased sperm production, such that testis size (relative to body size) is associated with the intensity of postcopulatory selection. Using both conventional and phylogenetically based analyses, we show that testis size consistently decreases as the degree of male‐biased SSD increases across lizards and snakes. This evolutionary pattern suggests that strong precopulatory selection may often constrain the opportunity for postcopulatory selection and that the relative importance of each selective episode may determine the optimal resolution of energy allocation trade‐offs between traits subject to each form of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel F Kahrl
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
| | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biology Georgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia 30460
| | - Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
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131
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Kelly DA, Moore BC. The Morphological Diversity of Intromittent Organs: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:630-4. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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132
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House CM, Sharma MD, Okada K, Hosken DJ. Pre and Post-copulatory Selection Favor Similar Genital Phenotypes in the Male Broad Horned Beetle. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:682-93. [PMID: 27371390 PMCID: PMC5035384 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection can operate before and after copulation and the same or different trait(s) can be targeted during these episodes of selection. The direction and form of sexual selection imposed on characters prior to mating has been relatively well described, but the same is not true after copulation. In general, when male–male competition and female choice favor the same traits then there is the expectation of reinforcing selection on male sexual traits that improve competitiveness before and after copulation. However, when male–male competition overrides pre-copulatory choice then the opposite could be true. With respect to studies of selection on genitalia there is good evidence that male genital morphology influences mating and fertilization success. However, whether genital morphology affects reproductive success in more than one context (i.e., mating versus fertilization success) is largely unknown. Here we use multivariate analysis to estimate linear and nonlinear selection on male body size and genital morphology in the flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus, simulated in a non-competitive (i.e., monogamous) setting. This analysis estimates the form of selection on multiple traits and typically, linear (directional) selection is easiest to detect, while nonlinear selection is more complex and can be stabilizing, disruptive, or correlational. We find that mating generates stabilizing selection on male body size and genitalia, and fertilization causes a blend of directional and stabilizing selection. Differences in the form of selection across these bouts of selection result from a significant alteration of nonlinear selection on body size and a marginally significant difference in nonlinear selection on a component of genital shape. This suggests that both bouts of selection favor similar genital phenotypes, whereas the strong stabilizing selection imposed on male body size during mate acquisition is weak during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M House
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - M D Sharma
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama, Japan
| | - David J Hosken
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
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133
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Klomp DA, Ord TJ, Das I, Diesmos A, Ahmad N, Stuart-Fox D. Ornament size and colour as alternative strategies for effective communication in gliding lizards. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1689-700. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Klomp
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - T. J. Ord
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - I. Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia
| | - A. Diesmos
- Herpetology Section; Zoology Division; National Museum of the Philippines; Manila Philippines
| | - N. Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology; School of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - D. Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
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134
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Jensen K, Ko AE, Schal C, Silverman J. Insecticide resistance and nutrition interactively shape life-history parameters in German cockroaches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28731. [PMID: 27345220 PMCID: PMC4922014 DOI: 10.1038/srep28731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fitness-related costs of evolving insecticide resistance have been reported in a number of insect species, but the interplay between evolutionary adaptation to insecticide pressure and variable environmental conditions has received little attention. We provisioned nymphs from three German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations, which differed in insecticide resistance, with either nutritionally rich or poor (diluted) diet throughout their development. One population was an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain; the other two populations originated from a field-collected indoxacarb-resistant population, which upon collection was maintained either with or without further selection with indoxacarb. We then measured development time, survival to the adult stage, adult body size, and results of a challenge with indoxacarb. Our results show that indoxacarb resistance and poor nutritional condition increased development time and lowered adult body size, with reinforcing interactions. We also found lower survival to the adult stage in the indoxacarb-selected population, which was exacerbated by poor nutrition. In addition, nutrition imparted a highly significant effect on indoxacarb susceptibility. This study exemplifies how poor nutritional condition can aggravate the life-history costs of resistance and elevate the detrimental effects of insecticide exposure, demonstrating how environmental conditions and resistance may interactively impact individual fitness and insecticide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jensen
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Alexander E Ko
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jules Silverman
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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135
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The influence of iridescent coloration directionality on male tree swallows’ reproductive success at different breeding densities. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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136
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Yokoi S, Ansai S, Kinoshita M, Naruse K, Kamei Y, Young LJ, Okuyama T, Takeuchi H. Mate-guarding behavior enhances male reproductive success via familiarization with mating partners in medaka fish. Front Zool 2016; 13:21. [PMID: 27257431 PMCID: PMC4890520 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male-male competition and female mating preference are major mechanisms of sexual selection, which influences individual fitness. How male-male competition affects female preference, however, remains poorly understood. Under laboratory conditions, medaka (Oryzias latipes) males compete to position themselves between a rival male and the female (mate-guarding) in triadic relationships (male, male, and female). In addition, females prefer to mate with visually familiar males. In the present study, to examine whether mate-guarding affects female preference via visual familiarization, we established a novel behavioral test to simultaneously quantify visual familiarization of focal males with females and mate-guarding against rival males. In addition, we investigated the effect of familiarization on male reproductive success in triadic relationships. Results Three fish (female, male, male) were placed separately in a transparent three-chamber tank, which allowed the male in the center (near male) to maintain closer proximity to the female than the other male (far male). Placement of the wild-type male in the center blocked visual familiarization of the far male by the female via mate-guarding. In contrast, placement of an arginine-vasotocin receptor mutant male, which exhibits mate-guarding deficits, in the center, allowing for maintaining close proximity to the female, did not block familiarization of the far male by the female. We also demonstrated that the reproductive success of males was significantly decreased by depriving females visual familiarization with the males. Conclusions Our findings indicated that, at least in triadic relationships, dominance in mate-guarding, not simply close proximity, allows males to gain familiarity with the female over their rivals, which may enhance female preference for the dominant male. These findings focusing on the triadic relationships of medaka may contribute to our understanding of the adaptive significance of persistent mate-guarding, as well as female preference for familiar mates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0152-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yokoi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Teruhiro Okuyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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137
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Lane SM, Dickinson AW, Tregenza T, House CM. Sexual Selection on male cuticular hydrocarbons via male-male competition and female choice. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1346-55. [PMID: 27037514 PMCID: PMC4999037 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Traditional views of sexual selection assumed that male–male competition and female mate choice work in harmony, selecting upon the same traits in the same direction. However, we now know that this is not always the case and that these two mechanisms often impose conflicting selection on male sexual traits. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have been shown to be linked to both social dominance and male attractiveness in several insect species. However, although several studies have estimated the strength and form of sexual selection imposed on male CHCs by female mate choice, none have established whether these chemical traits are also subject to sexual selection via male–male competition. Using a multivariate selection analysis, we estimate and compare sexual selection exerted by male–male competition and female mate choice on male CHC composition in the broad‐horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. We show that male–male competition exerts strong linear selection on both overall CHC abundance and body size in males, while female mate choice exerts a mixture of linear and nonlinear selection, targeting not just the overall amount of CHCs expressed but the relative abundance of specific hydrocarbons as well. We discuss the potential implications of this antagonistic selection with regard to male reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lane
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A W Dickinson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - T Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - C M House
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
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138
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Zhou M, Fuller RC. Intrasexual competition underlies sexual selection on male breeding coloration in the orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabile. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3513-3522. [PMID: 27127609 PMCID: PMC4842022 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaborate, sexually dimorphic traits are widely thought to evolve under sexual selection through female preference, male–male competition, or both. The orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) is a sexually dichromatic fish in which females exhibit no preferences for male size or coloration. We tested whether these traits affect individual reproductive success in E. spectabile when multiple males are allowed to freely compete for a female. The quality and quantity of male coloration were associated with greater success in maintaining access to the female and in spawning as the primary male (first male to participate). On the other hand, sneaking behavior showed little correlation with coloration. Male breeding coloration in E. spectabile may therefore demonstrate how intrasexual competition can be a predominant factor underlying the evolution of male ornaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchu Zhou
- Department of Animal Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign Illinois 61820
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Animal Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign Illinois 61820
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139
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Loranger MJ, Bertram SM. The effect of male dominance on female choice in a field cricket (Gryllus assimilis). Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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McCullough EL, Simmons LW. Selection on male physical performance during male–male competition and female choice. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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141
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Debelle A, Ritchie MG, Snook RR. Sexual selection and assortative mating: an experimental test. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1307-16. [PMID: 26970522 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mate choice and mate competition can both influence the evolution of sexual isolation between populations. Assortative mating may arise if traits and preferences diverge in step, and, alternatively, mate competition may counteract mating preferences and decrease assortative mating. Here, we examine potential assortative mating between populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura that have experimentally evolved under either increased ('polyandry') or decreased ('monogamy') sexual selection intensity for 100 generations. These populations have evolved differences in numerous traits, including a male signal and female preference traits. We use a two males: one female design, allowing both mate choice and competition to influence mating outcomes, to test for assortative mating between our populations. Mating latency shows subtle effects of male and female interactions, with females from the monogamous populations appearing reluctant to mate with males from the polyandrous populations. However, males from the polyandrous populations have a significantly higher probability of mating regardless of the female's population. Our results suggest that if populations differ in the intensity of sexual selection, effects on mate competition may overcome mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Debelle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - M G Ritchie
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - R R Snook
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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142
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Hebets EA, Barron AB, Balakrishnan CN, Hauber ME, Mason PH, Hoke KL. A systems approach to animal communication. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152889. [PMID: 26936240 PMCID: PMC4810859 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Why animal communication displays are so complex and how they have evolved are active foci of research with a long and rich history. Progress towards an evolutionary analysis of signal complexity, however, has been constrained by a lack of hypotheses to explain similarities and/or differences in signalling systems across taxa. To address this, we advocate incorporating a systems approach into studies of animal communication--an approach that includes comprehensive experimental designs and data collection in combination with the implementation of systems concepts and tools. A systems approach evaluates overall display architecture, including how components interact to alter function, and how function varies in different states of the system. We provide a brief overview of the current state of the field, including a focus on select studies that highlight the dynamic nature of animal signalling. We then introduce core concepts from systems biology (redundancy, degeneracy, pluripotentiality, and modularity) and discuss their relationships with system properties (e.g. robustness, flexibility, evolvability). We translate systems concepts into an animal communication framework and accentuate their utility through a case study. Finally, we demonstrate how consideration of the system-level organization of animal communication poses new practical research questions that will aid our understanding of how and why animal displays are so complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A Hebets
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul H Mason
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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143
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McLean CA, Chan R, Dickerson AL, Moussalli A, Stuart-Fox D. Social interactions generate mutually reinforcing selection for male aggression in Lake Eyre dragons. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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144
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Kervinen M, Lebigre C, Soulsbury CD. Simultaneous age‐dependent and age‐independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse(Lyrurus tetrix). J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:715-25. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Kervinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P. O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- Earth and Life Institute Place de la Croix du Sud 4 Carnoy building B‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- Joseph Banks Laboratories School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
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145
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Dougherty LR, Shuker DM. Variation in pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection on male genital size in two species of lygaeid bug. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016; 70:625-637. [PMID: 27069302 PMCID: PMC4788681 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sexual selection has been shown to be the driving force behind the evolution of the sometimes extreme and elaborate genitalia of many species. Sexual selection may arise before and/or after mating, or vary according to other factors such as the social environment. However, bouts of selection are typically considered in isolation. We measured the strength and pattern of selection acting on the length of the male intromittent organ (or processus) in two closely related species of lygaeid seed bug: Lygaeus equestris and Lygaeus simulans. In both species, we measured both pre- and post-copulatory selection. For L. equestris, we also varied the experimental choice design used in mating trials. We found contrasting pre- and post-copulatory selection on processus length in L. equestris. Furthermore, significant pre-copulatory selection was only seen in mating trials in which two males were present. This selection likely arises indirectly due to selection on a correlated trait, as the processus does not interact with the female prior to copulation. In contrast, we were unable to detect significant pre- or post-copulatory selection on processus length in L. simulans. However, a formal meta-analysis of previous estimates of post-copulatory selection on processus length in L. simulans suggests that there is significant stabilising selection across studies, but the strength of selection varies between experiments. Our results emphasise that the strength and direction of sexual selection on genital traits may be multifaceted and can vary across studies, social contexts and different stages of reproduction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Animal genitalia vary greatly in size and complexity across species, and selection acting on genital size and shape can be complex. In this study, we show that the length of the penis in two species of seed bug is subject to complex patterns of selection, varying depending on the social context and whether selection is measured before or after mating. In one of the species, we show unexpectedly that penis length is correlated with male mating success, despite the fact that the penis does not interact with the female prior to mating. Our results highlight the fact that genitalia may be subject to both direct and indirect selection at different stages of mating and that to fully understand the evolution of such traits we should combine estimates of selection arising from these multiple episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Dougherty
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH UK ; Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - David M Shuker
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH UK
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146
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Lehtonen TK, Wong BBM, Kvarnemo C. Effects of salinity on nest-building behaviour in a marine fish. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26928449 PMCID: PMC4772348 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental allocation and reproductive success are often strongly influenced by environmental factors. In this respect, salinity is a key factor influencing species distributions and community structure in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, the effects of salinity on reproductive behaviours are not well known. Here, we used the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus), a small fish inhabiting a range of different salinities, to experimentally assess the effects of changes in salinity on nesting behaviour, a key component of reproduction in sand gobies and many other taxa. RESULTS We found that salinity levels influenced some aspects of male nesting behaviour (i.e. nest entrance size) but not others (i.e. latency to build a nest, choice of nest site, sand on top of nest) and that small and large individuals were differently affected. In particular, the importance of body size in adjustment of nest entrance depended on the salinity level. CONCLUSION The results support the prediction that geographically widespread aquatic species, such as sand gobies, are able to perform well under a range of salinity levels. The phenotype by environment interaction found between male size and behavioural responses to salinity can, in turn, help to explain the notable variation observed in nest-building (and other) behaviours closely linked to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi K Lehtonen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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147
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Sasson DA, Munoz PR, Gezan SA, Miller CW. Resource quality affects weapon and testis size and the ability of these traits to respond to selection in the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2098-108. [PMID: 27066225 PMCID: PMC4768751 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of weapons and testes can be central to male reproductive success. Yet, the expression of these traits is often extremely variable. Studies are needed that take a more complete organism perspective, investigating the sources of variation in both traits simultaneously and using developmental conditions that mimic those in nature. In this study, we investigated the components of variation in weapon and testis sizes using the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on three natural developmental diets. We show that the developmental diet has profound effects on both weapon and testis expression and scaling. Intriguingly, males in the medium-quality diet express large weapons but have relatively tiny testes, suggesting complex allocation decisions. We also find that heritability, evolvability, and additive genetic variation are highest in the high-quality diet for testis and body mass. This result suggests that these traits may have an enhanced ability to respond to selection during a small window of time each year when this diet is available. Taken together, these results illustrate that normal, seasonal fluctuations in the nutritional environment may play a large role in the expression of sexually selected traits and the ability of these traits to respond to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sasson
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of Florida 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd St. Augustine Florida 32080
| | - Patricio R Munoz
- Department of Agronomy University of Florida 2005 SW 23 St. Bldg 350 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Salvador A Gezan
- School of Forest Resources & Conservation University of Florida PO Box 110410 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Christine W Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida PO Box 110620 Gainesville Florida 32611
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148
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Chou CC, Iwasa Y, Nakazawa T. Incorporating an ontogenetic perspective into evolutionary theory of sexual size dimorphism. Evolution 2016; 70:369-84. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Chou
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yoh Iwasa
- Department of Biology; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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149
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Martin MD, Mendelson TC. Male behaviour predicts trait divergence and the evolution of reproductive isolation in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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150
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Fisher DN, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Comparing pre- and post-copulatory mate competition using social network analysis in wild crickets. Behav Ecol 2016; 27:912-919. [PMID: 27174599 PMCID: PMC4863196 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animals, males compete for fertilizations both before and after mating. But do males specialize in 1 type of competition? And do physical fights between males lead to less competition between their ejaculates within females? We studied competitions between wild crickets by building networks of interactions. We found that males that had more fights were more likely to meet in sperm competition, suggesting that evolution will not favor specialists in one of the 2 types of competition. Twitter: @DFofFreedom Sexual selection results from variation in success at multiple stages in the mating process, including competition before and after mating. The relationship between these forms of competition, such as whether they trade-off or reinforce one another, influences the role of sexual selection in evolution. However, the relationship between these 2 forms of competition is rarely quantified in the wild. We used video cameras to observe competition among male field crickets and their matings in the wild. We characterized pre- and post-copulatory competition as 2 networks of competing individuals. Social network analysis then allowed us to determine 1) the effectiveness of precopulatory competition for avoiding postcopulatory competition, 2) the potential for divergent mating strategies, and 3) whether increased postcopulatory competition reduces the apparent reproductive benefits of male promiscuity. We found 1) limited effectiveness of precopulatory competition for avoiding postcopulatory competition; 2) males do not specifically engage in only 1 type of competition; and 3) promiscuous individuals tend to mate with each other, which will tend to reduce variance in reproductive success in the population and highlights the trade-off inherent in mate guarding. Our results provide novel insights into the works of sexual competition in the wild. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the utility of using network analyses to study competitive interactions, even in species lacking obvious social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR109FE , UK
| | - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR109FE , UK
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR109FE , UK
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