101
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Hagiya AS, Etman A, Siddiqi IN, Cen S, Matcuk GR, Brynes RK, Salama ME. Digital image analysis agrees with visual estimates of adult bone marrow trephine biopsy cellularity. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 40:209-214. [PMID: 29222848 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of cellularity is an essential component of bone marrow trephine biopsy examination. The standard practice is to report the results as visual estimates (VE). Digital image analysis (DIA) offers the promise of more objective measurements of cellularity. METHODS Adult bone marrow trephine biopsy sections were assessed for cellularity by VE. Sections were scanned using an Aperio AT2 Scanscope and analyzed using a Cytonuclear (version 1.4) algorithm on halo software. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to assess relatedness between VE and DIA, and between MRI and DIA for a separate subset of patients. Trephine biopsy sections from a subset of patients with bone marrow biopsies uninvolved by malignancy were assessed for age-related changes. RESULTS Interobserver VE agreement was good to excellent. The ICC value was 0.81 for VE and DIA, and 0.50 for MRI and DIA. Linearity studies showed no statistically significant trend for age-related changes in cellularity in our cohort (r = -.29, P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Agreement was good between VE and DIA. It may be possible to use DIA or VE to measure cellularity in the appropriate clinical scenario. The limited sample size precludes similar determinations for MRI calculations. Further studies examining healthy donors are necessary before making definitive conclusions regarding age and cellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hagiya
- Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Etman
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, ARUP Institute for Research and Development, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - I N Siddiqi
- Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cen
- Department of Radiology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G R Matcuk
- Department of Radiology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R K Brynes
- Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, ARUP Institute for Research and Development, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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102
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Calvet L, Pereira B, Sapin AF, Mareynat G, Lautrette A, Souweine B. Contribution to diagnosis and treatment of bone marrow aspirate results in critically ill patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration: a retrospective study of 193 consecutive patients. J Intensive Care 2017; 5:67. [PMID: 29225888 PMCID: PMC5715543 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the work was to assess the contribution to diagnosis and/or treatment (CDT) of bone marrow aspiration (BMA) in the critically ill patient. Methods The retrospective study included 193 patients. On the basis of BMA findings, contribution to diagnosis was defined by one of four previously unestablished diagnoses (maturation arrest of granulocyte precursors, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hematological malignancy, marrow infiltration with cancer cells) and to treatment as the initiation or withdrawal of a specific treatment including the decision to forgo life-sustaining treatment (DFLST). Results A CDT of BMA was observed in 40/193 patients (20.7%). BMA contributed to diagnosis in 37 cases (granulocyte precursor maturation arrest, N = 10; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, N = 12; hematological malignancy, N = 15) and to treatment in 14, including three DFLSTs. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with a CDT were hematological malignancy, cancer or non-malignant hematological abnormality known on admission, indication for BMA excluding isolated thrombocytopenia, higher pre-BMA HScore (calculated prior to BMA), and higher SOFA score with or without platelet-count SOFA subscore. In the 160 patients without hematological malignancy or cancer known on admission, non-malignant hematological abnormality known on admission, indication for BMA excluding isolated thrombocytopenia, higher pre-BMA HScore, and higher SOFA score calculated with or without platelet-count SOFA subscore were independently associated with a CDT of BMA. Conclusion BMA can have a significant CDT in ICU patients with or without a known hematological malignancy or cancer on admission. An HScore calculated before BMA can be a valuable tool for predicting a CDT of BMA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40560-017-0263-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Calvet
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 1, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Département de biostatistique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Gabrielle Mareynat
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Lautrette
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 1, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Souweine
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 1, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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103
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Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cessna M, Etzell J, Foucar K, Hasserjian RP, Rizzo JD, Theil K, Wang SA, Smith AT, Rumble RB, Thomas NE, Vardiman JW. Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1342-1393. [PMID: 28225303 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0504-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - A complete diagnosis of acute leukemia requires knowledge of clinical information combined with morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping and karyotype analysis, and often, molecular genetic testing. Although many aspects of the workup for acute leukemia are well accepted, few guidelines have addressed the different aspects of the diagnostic evaluation of samples from patients suspected to have acute leukemia. OBJECTIVE - To develop a guideline for treating physicians and pathologists involved in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of new acute leukemia samples, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage. DESIGN - The College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology convened a panel of experts in hematology and hematopathology to develop recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 6 key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, feedback received during the public comment period, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS - Twenty-seven guideline statements were established, which ranged from recommendations on what clinical and laboratory information should be available as part of the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of acute leukemia samples to what types of testing should be performed routinely, with recommendations on where such testing should be performed and how the results should be reported. CONCLUSIONS - The guideline provides a framework for the multiple steps, including laboratory testing, in the evaluation of acute leukemia samples. Some aspects of the guideline, especially molecular genetic testing in acute leukemia, are rapidly changing with new supportive literature, which will require on-going updates for the guideline to remain relevant.
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104
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Saini L, Brandwein J, Szkotak A, Ghosh S, Sandhu I. Persistent cytogenetic abnormalities in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:121-128. [PMID: 28540755 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1326032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of bone marrow sample characteristics on the detection of persistent cytogenetic abnormalities (PCA) following induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PCA's were identified in 20.4% of patients and were more common with complete remission without count recovery (CRi) vs. those with count recovery (CR, 45.8 vs. 13.5%, p = .001), with >2% blasts vs. ≤2% blasts (42 vs. 12%, p = .001) and with hypocellular trephine biopsies relative to those with normo/hypercellular biopsies (42.1 vs. 17.3%, p = .03), although in a multivariate analysis only CRi and blast count >2% were independently associated with a PCA. PCA's were not observed in patients with favorable risk karyotype. Amongst patients with intermediate and unfavorable risk karyotypes PCA were not associated with differences in overall or, amongst non-transplanted patients, relapse free survival. Thus, although PCAs are common post-induction it is unclear whether they provide any independent prognostic information beyond the diagnostic karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Saini
- a Department of Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- a Department of Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Artur Szkotak
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- c Department of Medical Oncology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Irwindeep Sandhu
- a Department of Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
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105
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Jaime-Pérez J, Villarreal-Villarreal C, Alvarado-Bernal Y, Padilla-Medina J, Fernández L, Gómez-Almaguer D. Bone marrow architecture reconstitution after hematopoietic grafting: A cross-sectional study. MEDICINA UNIVERSITARIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmu.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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106
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Stroncek DF, Butterfield LH, Cannarile MA, Dhodapkar MV, Greten TF, Grivel JC, Kaufman DR, Kong HH, Korangy F, Lee PP, Marincola F, Rutella S, Siebert JC, Trinchieri G, Seliger B. Systematic evaluation of immune regulation and modulation. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28331613 PMCID: PMC5359947 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are showing promising clinical results in a variety of malignancies. Monitoring the immune as well as the tumor response following these therapies has led to significant advancements in the field. Moreover, the identification and assessment of both predictive and prognostic biomarkers has become a key component to advancing these therapies. Thus, it is critical to develop systematic approaches to monitor the immune response and to interpret the data obtained from these assays. In order to address these issues and make recommendations to the field, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. As a part of this Task Force, Working Group 3 (WG3) consisting of multidisciplinary experts from industry, academia, and government focused on the systematic assessment of immune regulation and modulation. In this review, the tumor microenvironment, microbiome, bone marrow, and adoptively transferred T cells will be used as examples to discuss the type and timing of sample collection. In addition, potential types of measurements, assays, and analyses will be discussed for each sample. Specifically, these recommendations will focus on the unique collection and assay requirements for the analysis of various samples as well as the high-throughput assays to evaluate potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology & Immunobiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, Box 208021, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jean Charles Grivel
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - David R Kaufman
- Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 1000, UG 3CD28, North Wales, PA 19454 USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, MSC 1908, Bethesda, MD 20892-1908 USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Janet C Siebert
- CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO 80113 USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37/Room 4146, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany
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107
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Kozlowski P, Montgomery S, Befekadu R, Hahn-Strömberg V. The risk of renal disease is increased in lambda myeloma with bone marrow amyloid deposits. J Blood Med 2017; 8:29-34. [PMID: 28293126 PMCID: PMC5345990 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare deposition disease and is present in 10–15% of patients with myeloma (MM). In contrast to symptomatic AL in MM, presence of bone marrow (BM) amyloid deposits (AD) in MM is not connected to kidney damage. Renal AD but not BM-AD occur mostly in MM with lambda paraprotein (lambda MM). Methods We investigated amyloid presence in BM clots taken at diagnosis in 84 patients with symptomatic MM and compared disease characteristics in MM with kappa paraprotein (kappa MM)/lambda MM with and without BM-AD. Results Lambda MM with BM-AD was compared with kappa MM without BM-AD, kappa MM with BM-AD, and lambda MM without BM-AD: lambda MM with BM-AD patients had a significantly higher mean creatinine level (4.23 mg/dL vs 1.69, 1.14, and 1.28 mg/dL, respectively) and a higher proportion presented with severe kidney failure (6/11 [55%] vs 6/32 [19%], 1/22 [5%], and 3/19 [16%], respectively). Proteinuria was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD patients compared with kappa MM without BM-AD patients (8/11 [73%] vs 5/32 [16%], respectively). Conclusion Kidney damage was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD indicating presence of renal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rahel Befekadu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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108
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Davis PH, Hennig T, Dunkley SK, McCall CM, Long GD. Lab Changes Result in Optimizing Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedure and Processing. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.12.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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109
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Kono K, Hayata R, Murakami S, Yamamoto M, Kuroki M, Nanato K, Takahashi K, Miwa K, Tsutsumi Y, Okada K, Kaga S, Mikami T, Masauzi N. Quantitative distinction of the morphological characteristic of erythrocyte precursor cells with texture analysis using gray level co-occurrence matrix. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28220972 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphological characteristics of blood cells are still qualitatively defined. So a texture analysis (Tx) method using gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs; CM-Tx method) was applied to images of erythrocyte precursor cells (EPCs) for quantitatively distinguishing four types of EPC stages: proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, and orthochromatic erythroblast. METHODS Fifty-five images of four types of EPCs were downloaded from an atlas uploaded by the Blood Cell Morphology Standardization Subcommittee (BCMSS) of the Japanese Society of Laboratory Hematology (JSLH). Using in-house programs, two types of GLCMs-(R: d=1, θ=0°) and (U: d=1, θ=270°)-and nine types of texture distinction index (TDI) were calculated with images removed outer part of cell. RESULTS Three binary decision trees were sequentially divided among four types of EPC with the sum average of GLCM (U), the contrast of GLCM (R), and the sum average of GLCM (U). The average concordance rate (sensitivity) of CM-Tx method with the judgments of eleven experts in the BCMSS of the JSLH was 95.8% (87.5-100.0), and the average specificity was 97.6% (92.5-100.0). CONCLUSIONS The CM-Tx method is an effective tool for quantitative distinction of EPC with their morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kono
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ruka Hayata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido Block Blood Center, Nishi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maiko Kuroki
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kana Nanato
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Keiko Miwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sanae Kaga
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taisei Mikami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Masauzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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110
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Pernecker I, Bauer NB, Johannes S, Ginder M, Harleman JH, Moritz A. Comparison of the Sysmex XT-2000iV with microscopic differential counts of canine bone marrow. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:148-153. [PMID: 28176612 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717692011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine bone marrow is frequently assessed in the advanced preclinical research environment. Automated analysis provides time savings and objectivity over the gold standard of microscopic (cytologic) evaluation. We compared the analysis of 90 canine bone marrow samples by the Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corp., Kobe, Japan) with cytologic evaluation. Gates for cell populations were created in the system's WBC/BASO channel. Variables "total nucleated red blood cells" (total_NRBC), "poly- and orthochromatic nucleated red blood cells" (poly_orth_NRBC), "total neutrophils" (total_NEUT), "mature neutrophils" (mature_NEUT), and myeloid-to-erythroid (M:E) ratio were compared with cytologic evaluation. Intra-assay repeatability and total error (TE) were calculated for both methods. Intra-assay repeatability was 0.95-2.48% for the XT-2000iV and 8.32-23.23% for cytology. Observed TE for the automated measurement was 5.16-46.8% and for cytology 22.70-76.74%. Spearman rank correlation was excellent for M:E ratio (0.91) and fair for the other populations (0.65-0.71). Absolute bias for M:E ratio was low (-0.114). A negative absolute bias of -7.71% for the XT-2000iV was found for poly_orth_NRBC, whereas the bias was positive for total_NEUT (7.10%) and mature_NEUT (14.67%). M:E ratio of canine bone marrow samples can be precisely determined using the Sysmex XT-2000iV WBC/BASO channel. Total_NRBC, poly_orth_NRBC, total_NEUT, and mature_NEUT can be estimated rapidly. With distinctly lower coefficient of variation and observed TE compared with cytology, automated measurement provides advantages in terms of standardization, and it is suited to the advanced preclinical research environment where large numbers of samples are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pernecker
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Natali B Bauer
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Sigrid Johannes
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Melanie Ginder
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Johannes H Harleman
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Merck KGaA, Global Non-Clinical Safety, Global Early Development, Darmstadt, Germany (Pernecker, Johannes).,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Bauer, Moritz).,IDEXX BioResearch Europe, A Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Ginder).,Global Preclinical Development & Management, Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany (Harleman)
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111
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Jain S, Enzerra M, Mehta RS, Smith R, Djokic M. Bone marrow biopsies performed by both the powered OnControl drill device and the Jamshidi needle produce adequate specimens. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:541-543. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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112
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Trombi L, Danti S, Savelli S, Moscato S, D'Alessandro D, Ricci C, Giannotti S, Petrini M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture and Delivery in Autologous Conditions: A Smart Approach for Orthopedic Applications. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060333 DOI: 10.3791/54845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) are cultured in vitro with different media. Limits on their use in clinical settings, however, mainly depend on potential biohazard and inflammation risks exerted by xenogeneic nutrients for their culture. Human derivatives or recombinant materials are the first choice candidates to reduce these reactions. Therefore, culture supplements and materials of autologous origin represent the best nutrients and the safest products. Here, we describe a new protocol for the isolation and culture of bone marrow hMSCs in autologous conditions - namely, patient-derived serum as a supplement for the culture medium and fibrin as a scaffold for hMSC administration. Indeed, hMSC/fibrin clot constructs could be extremely useful for several clinical applications. In particular, we focus on their use in orthopedic surgery, where the fibrin clot derived from the donor's own blood allowed effective cell delivery and nutrient/waste exchanges. To ensure optimal safety conditions, it is of the utmost importance to avoid the risks of hMSC transformation and tissue overgrowth. For these reasons, the approach described in this paper also indicates a minimally ex vivo hMSC expansion, to reduce cell senescence and morphologic changes, and short-term osteo-differentiation before implantation, to induce osteogenic lineage specification, thus decreasing the risk of subsequent uncontrolled proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Trombi
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa; OtoLab, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP);
| | - Serena Danti
- OtoLab, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP); Dept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa
| | - Sara Savelli
- Immunohematology Operative Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP)
| | | | - Delfo D'Alessandro
- OtoLab, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP); Dept. Of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Claudio Ricci
- OtoLab, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP)
| | - Stefano Giannotti
- II Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP)
| | - Mario Petrini
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
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Busque L, Porwit A, Day R, Olney HJ, Leber B, Éthier V, Sirhan S, Foltz L, Prchal J, Kamel-Reid S, Karsan A, Gupta V. Laboratory Investigation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs): Recommendations of the Canadian Mpn Group. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 146:408-22. [PMID: 27686169 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To standardize diagnostic investigations for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) to increase homogeneity in patient care and to streamline diagnostic approaches in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. METHODS The development of Canadian expert consensus recommendations for the diagnosis of MPNs began with a review of the following: clinical evidence, daily practice, existing treatment guidelines, and availability of diagnostic tools. Each group member was assigned a specific topic, which they discussed with the entire group during several consensus meetings. RESULTS This document provides the Canadian MPN group's recommendations, proposed diagnostic algorithms, and background evidence upon which decisions were made. CONCLUSIONS Standardization of diagnostic investigations will increase homogeneity in patient care and provide a foundation for future clinical research in this rapidly evolving therapeutic area. Streamlining diagnostic approaches in the most efficient and cost-effective manner will also result in significant cost saving for the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Busque
- From the Department of Laboratory Hematology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universté De Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Porwit
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
| | - Radmila Day
- Fusion MD Medical Science Network, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harold J Olney
- Department of Hematology and Transfusional Medicine, Centre Hospitalier De L'Université De Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Thromboembolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Éthier
- From the Department of Laboratory Hematology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universté De Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Sirhan
- Division of Hematology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda Foltz
- Division of Hematology, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Prchal
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Kamel-Reid
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
| | - Aly Karsan
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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114
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Yang HS. Coexistence of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative neoplasms with simultaneous CALR and JAK2 V617F mutations. Cancer Biomark 2016; 17:383-389. [PMID: 27662324 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic malignancies are a group of blood cell disorders characterized by abnormal hematopoietic proliferation. OBJECTIVE The identification of specific clinicopathologic characteristics and tumor-related gene status provides critical information on potential therapeutic targets. METHODS The specimens were tested with immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and fragment analysis. RESULTS In this study, a patient with a long history of tobacco use was reported with a diagnosis of simultaneous low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Mutational analysis revealed that JAK2 V617F mutation and CALR mutation with 52bp deletion were present in this patient. CONCLUSION These results suggest that lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative neoplasms may coexist, although the pathogenetic mechanism of coexisting hematologic requires further investigation. Additionally, the data indicate that JAK2 V617F and CALR mutations are not mutually exclusive and the actual frequency of simultaneous JAK2 V617F and CALR mutations is unknown. Whether the coexistence of these mutations imposes any biological or clinical significance awaits further investigation.
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Ornstrup MJ, Harsløf T, Sørensen L, Stenkjær L, Langdahl BL, Pedersen SB. Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:155-63. [PMID: 27000750 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation negatively affects bone. Resveratrol is a natural compound proven to possess both anti-inflammatory and bone protective properties. However, it is uncertain if the bone effects are mediated though anti-inflammatory effects. Firstly, we investigated if resveratrol affects proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Secondly, we investigated if inflammation negatively affects proliferation and differentiation, and if resveratrol counteracts this through anti-inflammatory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from bone marrow aspiration in 13 healthy individuals and cultured towards the osteoblast cell lineage. The cells were stimulated with resveratrol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + resveratrol, or vehicle (control) for 21 days. Compared to control, resveratrol decreased cell number by 35 % (p < 0.05) and induced differentiation (a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.002), while P1NP and OPG showed similar trends). LPS induced inflammation with a 44-fold increase in interleukin-6 (p < 0.05) and an extremely prominent increase in interleukin-8 production (p < 0.05) relative to control. In addition, LPS increased cell count (p < 0.05) and decreased differentiation (a reduction in P1NP production (p < 0.02)). Co-stimulation with LPS + resveratrol did not reduce interleukin-6 or interleukin-8, but nonetheless, cell count was reduced (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase, P1NP, and OPG increased (p < 0.05 for all). Thus, resveratrol stimulates osteoblast differentiation independently of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Sørensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Stenkjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bommannan K, Sachdeva MUS, Gupta M, Bose P, Kumar N, Sharma P, Naseem S, Ahluwalia J, Das R, Varma N. Vortex-dislodged cells from bone marrow trephine biopsy yield satisfactory results for flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:543-9. [PMID: 27339905 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A good bone marrow (BM) sample is essential in evaluating many hematologic disorders. An unsuccessful BM aspiration (BMA) procedure precludes a successful flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in most hematologic malignancies. Apart from FCI, most ancillary diagnostic techniques in hematology are less informative. We describe the feasibility of FCI in vortex-dislodged cell preparation obtained from unfixed trephine biopsy (TB) specimens. METHODS In pancytopenic patients and dry tap cases, routine diagnostic BMA and TB samples were complemented by additional trephine biopsies. These supplementary cores were immediately transferred into sterile tubes filled with phosphate-buffered saline, vortexed, and centrifuged. The cell pellet obtained was used for flow cytometric immunophenotyping. RESULTS Of 7955 BMAs performed in 42 months, 34 dry tap cases were eligible for the study. Vortexing rendered a cell pellet in 94% of the cases (32 of 34), and FCI rendered a rapid diagnosis in 100% of the cases (32 of 32) where cell pellets were available. CONCLUSION We describe an efficient procedure which could be effectively utilized in resource-limited centers and reduce the frequency of repeat BMA procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bommannan
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M U S Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - M Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Bose
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Naseem
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Ahluwalia
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Das
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Varma
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Saini L, Brandwein J, Turner R, Larratt L, Hamilton M, Peters A, Wu C, Zhu N, Taparia M, Patterson JM, Bolster L, Mant M, Ritchie B, Liew E, Mirza I, Quest G, Nahirniak S, Ghosh S, Sandhu I. Incremental value of the bone marrow trephine biopsy in detecting residual leukemia following treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Leuk Res 2016; 45:47-52. [PMID: 27092851 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most guidelines suggest that only the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) is necessary to assess residual disease following intensive chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with the bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMTB) recommended in cases of a poor quality BMA. We performed a retrospective study evaluating this in a cohort of patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for AML. Residual disease was assessed by morphological examination of the BMA and BMTB±immunohistochemistry. Of the 647 marrows 32.6% were interim marrows performed prior to peripheral count recovery, 41.7% were end of induction (EOI) marrows and the remaining were 'other marrows'. The BMA and BMTB findings were concordant in 92.8% of cases. The BMTB led to a change in diagnosis from 'no leukemia' to 'residual leukemia' in 5.2% of interim, 3.7% of EOI and 2.4% of 'other' marrows. The BMA alone had a sensitivity of 86.8% in detecting residual leukemia and of 82.3%, 82.5% and 94.2% for interim, EOI and 'other marrows', respectively. Despite the high concordance between the BMA and the BMTB the poor sensitivity of the BMA in detecting residual leukemia, particularly at EOI, may lead to an overestimation of the complete remission rates which may have therapeutic and clinical trial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Saini
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Robert Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Loree Larratt
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Marlene Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Anthea Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Cynthia Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Nancy Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Minakshi Taparia
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Jeffery M Patterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Lauren Bolster
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Michael Mant
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Bruce Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Elena Liew
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Imran Mirza
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al-Maryah Island, P.O. BOX 112412, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Graeme Quest
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 4B1.22 Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Susan Nahirniak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 4B1.22 Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Irwindeep Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 St. & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Sever C, Abbott CL, de Baca ME, Khoury JD, Perkins SL, Reichard KK, Taylor A, Terebelo HR, Colasacco C, Rumble RB, Thomas NE. Bone Marrow Synoptic Reporting for Hematologic Neoplasms: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:932-49. [PMID: 26905483 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0450-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT -There is ample evidence from the solid tumor literature that synoptic reporting improves accuracy and completeness of relevant data. No evidence-based guidelines currently exist for synoptic reporting for bone marrow samples. OBJECTIVE -To develop evidence-based recommendations to standardize the basic components of a synoptic report template for bone marrow samples. DESIGN -The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center convened a panel of experts in hematopathology to develop recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 5 key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS -Nine guideline statements were established to provide pathology laboratories with a framework by which to develop synoptic reporting templates for bone marrow samples. The guideline calls for specific data groups in the synoptic section of the pathology report; provides a list of evidence-based parameters for key, pertinent elements; and addresses ancillary testing. CONCLUSION -A framework for bone marrow synoptic reporting will improve completeness of the final report in a manner that is clear, succinct, and consistent among institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole E Thomas
- From the Department of Hematopathology, Pathology Associates of Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Dr Sever); the Department of Pathology, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, Massachusetts (Dr Abbott); Medical Laboratory Associates, Seattle, Washington (Dr de Baca); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Khoury); the Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Perkins); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Reichard); Utah Pathology Services, Inc, Salt Lake City (Dr Taylor); the Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Newland Medical Associates, Novi, Michigan (Dr Terebelo); the Departments of Governance (Ms Colasacco) and Surveys (Ms Thomas), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; and the Quality and Guidelines Department, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia (Mr Rumble)
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Choi MS, Lee H, Kwon HC, Bae MH, Ko YH, Kim HJ, Lee BS, Koo BK. Optimal Fixation and Decalcification Methods for Bone Marrow Biopsy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sub Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunsup Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Chul Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Moon-Hwan Bae
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Young-Hye Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Beom-Se Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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120
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Grønkjær M, Hasselgren CF, Østergaard ASL, Johansen P, Korup J, Bøgsted M, Bilgrau AE, Jensen P. Bone Marrow Aspiration: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Quality of Bone Marrow Specimens Using Slow and Rapid Aspiration Techniques and Evaluating Pain Intensity. Acta Haematol 2015; 135:81-7. [PMID: 26505268 DOI: 10.1159/000438480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is an essential procedure in the examination of hematological disorders, but there is limited evidence as to whether the aspiration rate affects specimen quality. We aimed to assess the specimen quality and pain intensity using slow (S-technique) or rapid (R-technique) aspiration. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, randomized patient- and assessor-blinded study of 482 patients scheduled for BMA. Specimen quality was evaluated by grading bone marrow (BM) cellularity and counting the number of marrow particles. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS We found a significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to the quality of specimens. For cellularity, the odds ratio (OR) for having a poor quality aspirate using the S-technique versus the R-technique was 3.05 [confidence interval (CI) 1.79-5.31]. For BM particles, the quality of specimens with the S-technique proved to be poor compared with the R-technique (OR 2.52; CI 1.51-4.28). We found a statistically significant difference of 1 VAS point (p < 0.001) of the median pain intensity in favor of the S-technique. CONCLUSION Even though the pain intensity is significantly higher with the R-technique, the median difference is relatively small. We propose that the R-technique is preferable to the S-technique due to better specimen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Grønkjær
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Trejo-Ayala R, Luna-Pérez M, Gutiérrez-Romero M, Collazo-Jaloma J, Cedillo-Pérez M, Ramos-Peñafiel C. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Technique and considerations. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Béné MC, Grimwade D, Haferlach C, Haferlach T, Zini G. Leukemia diagnosis: today and tomorrow. Eur J Haematol 2015; 95:365-73. [PMID: 26110830 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) is composed of several work packages, four of them being directly involved in the various aspects of diagnosis. On the occasion of the annual ELN meeting of 2015 in Mannheim, these four work packages collectively examined the current situation and future prospects of cytomorphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, next-generation sequencing, and minimal residual disease detection in the context of leukemia diagnosis and follow-up. This document summarizes the outcome of this compendium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gina Zini
- Hematology and Clinical Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Lewandowski K, Kurpierz K, Sledzinska A. External bone marrow cytological examination quality assurance (EQAhem)--summary after 6 years in Poland. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1741-8. [PMID: 26122868 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow macroscopic examination remains one of the most difficult and subjective laboratory assessments in hematology. Only a few external quality assurance programs in the field are present worldwide. We have developed an external quality assurance program EQAhem that allows assessment of the whole process of bone marrow examination. The program participants assess blood and bone marrow smears from the patient, identify selected cells from photographs provided to them, and interpret the microscopic results. In this article, the results of the EQAhem program in Poland from 6 years are summarized. During this time, 62 labs were assessed in total, and positive results were achieved by 89.25 % labs, taking into account all tests. Correct responses with respect to the percentage of cell count were provided by ca. 77.5 % labs. Slightly worse results were obtained when megakaryocyte count and cell identification from photographs were tested. The worst results were obtained in case of dysplasia assessment and clinical interpretation of microscopic examination (54.1 and 58.6 % correct responses, respectively). EQAhem delivers precise information about the quality of bone marrow examinations performed in Poland and has a substantial educational value. We believe that after 6 years, EQAhem has significantly improved the quality of bone marrow microscopic examinations performed in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St 7, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland,
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Torlakovic EE, Brynes RK, Hyjek E, Lee SH, Kreipe H, Kremer M, McKenna R, Sadahira Y, Tzankov A, Reis M, Porwit A. ICSH guidelines for the standardization of bone marrow immunohistochemistry. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:431-49. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. E. Torlakovic
- Department of Laboratory Hematology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - R. K. Brynes
- Department of Pathology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - E. Hyjek
- Department of Pathology; University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - S.-H. Lee
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital; SEALS Central; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H. Kreipe
- Department of Pathology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Kremer
- Munich Municipal Hospital; Institute of Pathology; Munich Germany
| | - R. McKenna
- Special Hematology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Y. Sadahira
- Department of Pathology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Japan
| | - A. Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - M. Reis
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. Porwit
- Department of Laboratory Hematology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Hayward CPM, Moffat KA, George TI, Proytcheva M. Assembly and evaluation of an inventory of guidelines that are available to support clinical hematology laboratory practice. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37 Suppl 1:36-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. M. Hayward
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - K. A. Moffat
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Hamilton ON Canada
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Bone marrow pathology predicts mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:160382. [PMID: 25802835 PMCID: PMC4354719 DOI: 10.1155/2015/160382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. A bone marrow biopsy is a useful procedure for the diagnosis and staging of various hematologic and systemic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the findings of bone marrow studies can predict mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods. Seventy-eight end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis underwent bone marrow biopsies between 2000 and 2011, with the most common indication being unexplained anemia followed by unexplained leukocytosis and leukopenia. Results. The survivors had a higher incidence of abnormal megakaryocyte distribution (P = 0.001), band and segmented cells (P = 0.021), and lymphoid cells (P = 0.029) than the nonsurvivors. The overall mortality rate was 38.5% (30/78), and the most common cause of mortality was sepsis (83.3%) followed by respiratory failure (10%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, both decreased (OR 3.714, 95% CI 1.671–8.253, P = 0.001) and absent (OR 9.751, 95% CI 2.030–45.115, P = 0.004) megakaryocyte distribution (normal megakaryocyte distribution as the reference group), as well as myeloid/erythroid ratio (OR 1.054, CI 1.012–1.098, P = 0.011), were predictive of mortality. Conclusion. The results of a bone marrow biopsy can be used to assess the pathology, and, in addition, myeloid/erythroid ratio and abnormal megakaryocyte distribution can predict mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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Christensen B, Nellemann B, Thorsen K, Nielsen MM, Pedersen SB, Ornstrup MJ, JØrgensen JOL, Jessen N. Prolonged erythropoietin treatment does not impact gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:554-61. [PMID: 25088500 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested for the presence of erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) in human skeletal muscle and alterations in gene expression after prolonged use of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). METHODS Nine healthy men were treated with ESA for 10 weeks (darbepoietin alfa). Muscle biopsies were collected before and after treatment. Alterations in gene expression were evaluated by gene array. Western blot and PCR analysis were used to test for Epo-R presence in human skeletal muscle. RESULTS Very low Epo-R mRNA levels were found, but a new and sensitive antibody did not identify Epo-R protein in human skeletal muscle. The between-subject variation in skeletal muscle gene expression was greater than that observed in response to prolonged ESA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Erythropoietin is unlikely to exert direct effects in human skeletal muscle due to a lack of Epo-R protein. Furthermore, prolonged ESA treatment does not seem to exert either direct or indirect effects on skeletal muscle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, NBG/THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Section of Sports Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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128
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Afkhami M, Vergara-Lluri M, Brynes RK, Siddiqi IN. Peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspiration, trephine and clot biopsies: methods and protocols. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1180:257-69. [PMID: 25015152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1050-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Maximum diagnostic information is obtained when peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspiration smears, trephine biopsy imprints, trephine and clot biopsy sections are simultaneously examined. Peripheral blood smears reflect end organ function and provide clues to underlying hematolymphoid pathology that may prompt additional studies including bone marrow examination. Bone marrow aspiration alone has diagnostic utility in the evaluation of a limited number of primary hematological conditions including: megaloblastic anemias, hyporegenerative anemias, certain hemolytic anemias, normochromic normocytic anemias, neutropenias, thrombocytopenias, immunoglobulin disorders, storage diseases, and leukemias (Bain, J Clin Pathol 54:657-663, 2001). Bone marrow trephine biopsy is indicated in those situations where marrow aspiration is unsuccessful; in evaluation of cytopenias, myelofibrosis, suspicion of lymphoma, metastatic tumor, granulomatous disease, evaluation of myeloproliferative neoplasms, and for the examination of trabecular bone in metabolic diseases (Bain, J Clin Pathol 54:737-742, 2001). Many of the indications for marrow aspiration overlap with those for trephine biopsy. Because it is not possible to predict which patients will have diagnostic aspiration biopsies and which will have diagnostic trephine biopsies, both procedures are routinely performed together (Brynes et al., Am J Clin Pathol 70:753-759, 1978; Cotelingam, Adv Anat Pathol 10:8-26, 2003; Lee et al., Int J Lab Hematol 30:349-364, 2008; Peterson et al., Arch Pathol Lab Med 126:1050-1056, 2002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Afkhami
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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129
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Kim B, Lee ST, Kim HJ, Kim SH. Bone marrow flow cytometry in staging of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Lab Med 2015; 35:187-93. [PMID: 25729719 PMCID: PMC4330167 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow biopsies are routinely performed for staging patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In addition to histomorphological studies, ancillary tools may be needed for accurate diagnosis. We investigated the clinical utility of multiparameter flow cytometric examination of bone marrow aspirates. Methods A total of 248 bone marrow specimens from 232 patients diagnosed with B-cell NHL were examined. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD19, CD20, CD10 (or CD5), and κ and λ immunoglobulins were used. Multi-stage sequential gating was performed to select specific cells of interest, and the results were compared with bone marrow histology. Results The concordance rate between histomorphology and flow cytometry was 91.5% (n=227). Eight cases (3.2%) were detected by flow cytometry alone and were missed by histomorphology analysis, and 6 of these 8 cases showed minimal bone marrow involvement (0.09-2.2%). The diagnosis in these cases included large cell lymphoma (n=3), mantle cell lymphoma (n=3), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (n=2). Thirteen cases were histopathologically positive and immunophenotypically negative, and the diagnoses in these cases included diffuse large cell lymphoma (n=7), T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (n=2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive large B-cell lymphoma (n=1), follicular lymphoma (n=1), MALT lymphoma (n=1), and unclassifiable lymphoma (n=1). Conclusions Multi-color flow cytometry can be a useful method for assessing bone marrow in staging NHL and also plays a complementary role, especially in detecting small numbers of lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borahm Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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d'Onofrio G, Zini G. Analysis of bone marrow aspiration fluid using automated blood cell counters. Clin Lab Med 2014; 35:25-42. [PMID: 25676370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytomorphological examination of aspirate smears remains the basic method to diagnose hematologic disorders and to evaluate treatment-related changes. Last-generation hematological analyzers can count, besides cells normally circulating in peripheral blood, some types of immature and abnormal cells, such as erythroblasts and immature granulocytes. The complex nature of bone marrow fluid, however, has prevented until now the routine utilization of blood cell counters in this area. Recent studies have shown the possibility of using bone marrow fluid as a substitute for peripheral blood for clinical tests in particular situations and for repetitive cytologic examinations in specific clinical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe d'Onofrio
- Research Center for the Development and Clinical Evaluation of Automated Methods in Hematology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00193, Italy.
| | - Gina Zini
- Research Center for the Development and Clinical Evaluation of Automated Methods in Hematology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00193, Italy
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131
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-H. Lee
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital; SEALS Central; Sydney NSW Australia
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132
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Sreedharanunni S, Sachdeva MUS, Kumar N, Sharma P, Naseem S, Ahluwalia J, Das R, Varma N, Marwaha RK. Spectrum of diseases diagnosed on bone marrow examination of 285 infants in a single tertiary care center. Hematology 2014; 20:175-81. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Narender Kumar
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Shano Naseem
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of HematologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ram Kumar Marwaha
- Hematology/Oncology UnitAdvanced Pediatric Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Valebjørg T, Spahic B, Bremtun F, Kahrs J, Hammerstrøm J, Brudevold R, Kolflaath J, Ghanima W. Pain and bleeding associated with trephine biopsy. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:267-72. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Valebjørg
- Department of medicine; Baerum hospital; Baerum Norway
- Department of medicine; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
| | - Boris Spahic
- Department of medicine; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
| | - Fredrik Bremtun
- Department of medicine; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
| | - Johannes Kahrs
- Department of medicine; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
| | | | | | - Jan Kolflaath
- Department of anesthesiology; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- Department of medicine; Østfold Hospital trust; Fredrikstad Norway
- University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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134
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Aguilar R, Moraleda C, Achtman AH, Mayor A, Quintó L, Cisteró P, Nhabomba A, Macete E, Schofield L, Alonso PL, Menéndez C. Severity of anaemia is associated with bone marrow haemozoin in children exposed to Plasmodium falciparum. Br J Haematol 2014; 164:877-87. [PMID: 24386973 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are no large-scale ex vivo studies addressing the contribution of Plasmodium falciparum in the bone marrow to anaemia. The presence of malaria parasites and haemozoin were studied in bone marrows from 290 anaemic children attending a rural hospital in Mozambique. Peripheral blood infections were determined by microscopy and polymerase chain reactions. Bone marrow parasitaemia, haemozoin and dyserythropoiesis were microscopically assessed. Forty-two percent (123/290) of children had parasites in the bone marrow and 49% (111/226) had haemozoin, overlapping with parasitaemia in 83% (92/111) of cases. Sexual and mature asexual parasites were highly prevalent (62% gametocytes, 71% trophozoites, 23% schizonts) suggesting their sequestration in this tissue. Sixteen percent (19/120) of children without peripheral infection had haemozoin in the bone marrow. Haemozoin in the bone marrow was independently associated with decreased Hb concentration (P = 0·005) and was more common in dyserythropoietic bone marrows (P = 0·010). The results of this ex vivo study suggest that haemozoin in the bone marrow has a role in the pathogenesis of malarial-anaemia through ineffective erythropoiesis. This finding may have clinical implications for the development of drugs targeted to prevent and treat malarial-anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Manhiça Health Research Centre (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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Glauser TA, Sagatys EM, Williamson JC, Burton BS, Berger C, Merwin P, Sugrue M, Bennett JM. Current pathology practices in and barriers to MDS diagnosis. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1656-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Proytcheva M. Bone marrow evaluation for pediatric patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 35:283-9. [PMID: 23590656 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the immaturity of the hematopoietic system at birth and different oxygenation and immune response needs of the growing organism, the bone marrow composition at birth and early infancy differs as compared to older children and adults. These age-related differences, while generally recognized, are not well known to the world of hematopathology. The purpose of this article is to address the current limitation of the literature by reviewing the bone marrow ontology, its composition at birth, and the changes occurring during early infancy, and to compare these findings to adults. The review also provides a useful framework for bone marrow examination in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Proytcheva
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Sharma P, Sachdeva MUS, Varma N. Bone marrow aspirate smear preparation: morphological superiority of the timely wedge smear and the importance of imprints. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:1063-4. [PMID: 24141334 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India,
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138
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Odejide OO, Cronin AM, DeAngelo DJ, Bernazzoli ZA, Jacobson JO, Rodig SJ, LaCasce AS, Mazeika TJ, Earles KD, Abel GA. Improving the quality of bone marrow assessment: Impact of operator techniques and use of a specimen preparation checklist. Cancer 2013; 119:3472-8. [PMID: 23921812 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful bone marrow assessment is essential to the diagnosis and staging of hematologic malignancies. The objective of this study was to determine whether specific operator techniques and/or use of a specimen preparation checklist could impact the quality of bone marrow assessment by reducing the frequency of nonspicular aspirates, small cores, and nondiagnostic samples. METHODS All bone marrow biopsies performed at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from April, 2012 to September, 2012 were eligible for inclusion. Six operator techniques were linked with specimen quality in a preintervention cohort. Next, a specimen preparation checklist was implemented, and outcomes were compared from the preintervention and postintervention cohorts. RESULTS In total, 830 procedures performed by 41 operators were prospectively observed and analyzed. In the preintervention cohort (n = 413), no operator technique was associated with specimen quality in multivariable models accounting for patient characteristics and operator. Compared with the preintervention cohort, in multivariable analyses, the postintervention cohort (n = 417) had decreased odds of nondiagnostic specimens (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.87; P = .01) and core lengths ≤1 cm (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.90; P = .009), but there was no significant difference in spicularity. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the operator techniques studied did not have an impact on specimen quality, but implementation of a specimen preparation checklist significantly improved core length and frequency of diagnostic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreofe O Odejide
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Al-Ibraheemi A, Pham T, Chen L, Syklawer E, Quesada A, Wahed A, Nedelcu E, Nguyen AND. Comparison between 1-needle technique versus 2-needle technique for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedures. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:974-8. [PMID: 23808470 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0046-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bone marrow examination is essential for diagnosis and staging of hematologic disorders. Traditionally, the bone marrow biopsy and aspirate are obtained with 2 needles at 2 separate sites. This approach is associated with significant discomfort, procedural time, and occasionally, morbidity. Although previous observations had suggested that a single-needle technique at one site is a simpler and less-painful procedure, there had been concern that the 1-needle technique may yield a suboptimal biopsy for diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic comparison of multiple parameters of bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained by the traditional 2-needle technique versus the 1-needle technique for bone marrow collection. DESIGN We retrospectively evaluated 20 biopsy specimens obtained by each of the 2 mentioned techniques by comparing the morphologic quality of the biopsy, biopsy length, and biopsy cellularity. RESULTS We found that the 1-needle technique yielded an adequate biopsy for diagnosis. The measured parameters of the samples obtained by the 1-needle versus 2-needle techniques were similar. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the 1-needle technique may be preferred for bone marrow aspirate and biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Voigt J, Mosier M. A powered bone marrow biopsy system versus manual methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:792-6. [PMID: 23729208 PMCID: PMC3756462 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of bone marrow biopsies are performed annually. Outcomes of patient pain and sample size of biopsy are important issues as perception of patient pain is underestimated by clinicians and sample size assists in accurate diagnosis. Manual extraction of marrow biopsy is the main method used. Recently a powered system has been introduced. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine if the powered system reduces patient pain and improves sample capture. A PubMed and Cochrane search for randomised controlled trials was undertaken comparing the powered system with manual methods. Risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis of outcomes using appropriate statistical methods were performed. Five randomised controlled trials were identified. Patient pain (measured via visual analogue scale (VAS)—100 point scale) was significantly reduced using the powered system: mean difference=−6.57; 95% CI −12.93 to −0.22; p=0.04. The relative reduction in pain was 17%–25% with the powered system. Sample biopsy size (length in mm) was also significantly increased with the powered system: mean difference=3.65 mm; 95%; CI 1.61 mm to 5.68 mm; p=0.0005. The relative increase in sample size was 33% with the powered system. Operator ease of use (as measured via VAS) and adverse events were similar. Despite limited operator experience, patients experienced less pain and sample sizes were increased without an increase in adverse events with the powered system. The powered system may offer an option in obtaining samples from patients whose pain is compromised by disease and may reduce redos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Voigt
- Medical Device Consultants of Ridgewood, LLC, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA.
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Boveri E, Croci G, Gianelli U, Gambacorta M, Isimbaldi G, Moro A, Gianatti A, Ungari M, Morra E. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of bone marrow biopsy in myelodysplastic syndromes. Int J Hematol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is now considered part of a multidisciplinary approach to bone marrow (BM) examination that must include cytological and cytogenetic assessment, while flow-cytometry and molecular studies can provide additional useful information. Undervalued in the past, BM histology has recently grown in importance in terms of diagnosis (i.e., MDS with BM fibrosis, hypoplastic MDS) and prognostic assessment (i.e., clusters of CD34+ blasts). Thus, BM histology must be considered complementary and not overlapping with the results of the other methods of BM study. Moreover, in recent years, numerous clinico-pathological studies have evidentiated, codified and standardized a series of histopathological parameters that are now considered essential for an effective and clinically useful histomorphological evaluation of the BMB. The aim of this work is to describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical approach to BMB that the pathologists of the Lombard Hematological Network (Rete Ematologica Lombarda [REL]; Italy) are carrying out on a standardized and shared basis in MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Boveri
- Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Croci
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Gambacorta
- Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Istologia Patologica e Citogenetica, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Isimbaldi
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Citologia e Genetica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Moro
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianatti
- Unità di Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marco Ungari
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrica Morra
- Struttura di Ematologia, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
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Optimization and characterization of a rat model of prostate cancer-induced bone pain using behavioral, pharmacological, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical methods. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 106:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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143
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Sandes AF, Kerbauy DMB, Matarraz S, Chauffaille MDLLF, López A, Orfao A, Yamamoto M. Combined flow cytometric assessment of CD45, HLA-DR, CD34, and CD117 expression is a useful approach for reliable quantification of blast cells in myelodysplastic syndromes. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 84:157-66. [PMID: 23475532 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of bone marrow (BM) blasts by cytomorphology is essential for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Owing to its subjectivity and the potential impact of dysplastic features on accurate identification of blast cells, more objective approaches are required, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) being a particularly promising approach in this regard. However, no consensus exists about the optimal combination of markers and strategy to be used. METHODS BM blast counts from 74 MDS patients were evaluated by morphology versus four different MFC phenotypic criteria: "CD34⁺", "CD34⁺ and/or CD117⁺", "CD34⁺, and/or CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺", and "CD34⁺ and CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺ plus CD64⁺ CD14(-/lo) " cells. For each criterium, the percentage of blasts was calculated using either all BM nucleated cells or non-erythroid CD45⁺ cells as denominator. RESULTS.: The number of "CD34⁺ and/or CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺"cells showed the highest correlation and agreement with morphological counts, only a minor proportion of cases being misclassified by MFC vs. morphology for the >5% and >10% classification thresholds. In turn, a CD34⁺ phenotype was insufficient to correctly identify and quantify blasts. Conversely, usage of non-erythroid BM cells as denominator, or inclusion of "CD34⁺ and/or CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺ plus CD64⁺ CD14(-lo") cells were both associated with overestimated blast counts. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of "CD34⁺ and/or CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺" cells (from all nucleated BM cells) by MFC is an efficient method for the enumeration of blasts in MDS. However, caution should be taken with replacing morphology by MFC blast counts; its combined use may rather provide complementary information increasing the accuracy and reproducibility of BM blast cell counts in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Sandes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
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144
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Cicolini G, Simonetti V, Rosini I, Diodati A, Sorrentino G, Di Nicola M. Comparison of bone marrow aspiration obtained by syringe vs. Vacutainer system in terms of cellularity of the marrow and pain: an experimental study. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22:2658-61. [PMID: 23279571 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Cicolini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
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145
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Impact of icsh guidelines on routine reporting of bone marrow biopsies in a tertiary centre. Pathology 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.pat.0000426988.51337.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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146
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Abstract
AbstractTraditionally, cytopenias are classified as deficiency mediated, immune mediated, BM failure induced, renal, or idiopathic, with the latter including the so-called idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance (ICUS). Clinical findings, symptoms, blood counts, BM findings, and other laboratory parameters are usually sufficient to reveal the type and cause of a marked cytopenia. However, in patients with chronic mild cytopenia, it may be a challenge for the physician to establish a correct diagnosis. In such patients, laboratory features and findings often reflect a diagnostic interface, so that criteria that are otherwise robust may hardly be applicable or are not helpful. Even if the BM is examined, the diagnosis often remains uncertain in these patients. In addition, more than one potential cause of cytopenia may be present, especially in the elderly. A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another BM disorder, but also an overt autoimmune or other inflammatory disease, may develop during follow-up in these patients. A key problem is that in an early phase of MDS, most laboratory and clinical signs are “nonspecific.” One of the very few reliable peripheral blood parameters distinguishing between an early or “pre-phase” of MDS and most other causes of a mild cytopenia are the numbers of circulating colony-forming progenitor cells. In addition, flow cytometric and molecular investigations may sometimes assist in the delineation between clonal and reactive conditions underlying mild cytopenias. This review provides an overview of diagnostic approaches and algorithms for patients with mild unexplained cytopenia(s).
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147
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Lee SH, van der Weyden C, Mayson E, Desai S. Excessive EDTA induces morphologic changes in bone marrow smears that mimic specific features of dysplasia. Int J Lab Hematol 2012; 35:163-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.-H. Lee
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services; Sydney; Australia
| | - C. van der Weyden
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services; Sydney; Australia
| | - E. Mayson
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services; Sydney; Australia
| | - S. Desai
- Department of Haematology; St George Hospital, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services; Sydney; Australia
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148
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Loctin A, Bailly F, Laroche D, Tavernier C, Maillefert JF, Ornetti P. Clinical interest of bone marrow aspiration in rheumatology: a practice-based observational study of 257 bone marrow aspirations. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 32:115-21. [PMID: 23053689 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-2097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) can be performed by rheumatologists for diagnostic purposes in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess professional practices of hospital-based rheumatologists with regard to BMA in order to identify the relevant indications. A retrospective observational study in patients hospitalised in a French university hospital was conducted between 2005 and 2011. All of the patients who had a BMA in the rheumatology department during the study period were included. Clinical indication, number and results of BMA and of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) were collected. Stage and treatment of the haematological disease implemented following the BMA were described. Two hundred fifty-seven BMAs and 79 BMBs were performed during the study period. Of the BMAs, 14.1 % were pathological: myeloma (n = 12), malignant B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 6), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 6), chronic lymphoid leukaemia (n = 4), Waldenstrom's disease (n = 3), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (n = 2), hairy cell leukaemia (n = 1) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 1). Eight of the 14 pathological BMBs were associated with normal BMA. BMAs were performed equally for gammaglobulin abnormalities (monoclonal peak = 45 % of indications, hypogammaglobulinemia = 6 %) and for other reasons (haemogram abnormality = 24 %, skeletal osteolysis = 6 %, unexplained inflammatory syndrome = 5 %, lymph node disease = 4 % and others). In clinical rheumatology, BMA may reveal two major types of malignant haematological diseases: myeloma with poor prognostic factors justifying polychemotherapy and autologous grafts and, in contrast, slowly evolving B cell lymphoid haemopathies. Given the additional risk in some types of chronic inflammatory rheumatism, BMB should be performed more frequently in certain specific situations (skeletal or lymph node tumour and unexplained inflammatory syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Loctin
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital General, CHU Dijon, 3 rue du Faubourg Raines, 21000, Dijon, France
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149
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Parmentier S, Schetelig J, Lorenz K, Kramer M, Ireland R, Schuler U, Ordemann R, Rall G, Schaich M, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G, Kroschinsky F. Assessment of dysplastic hematopoiesis: lessons from healthy bone marrow donors. Haematologica 2011; 97:723-30. [PMID: 22180437 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.056879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to WHO 2008 guidelines, the required percentage of cells manifesting dysplasia in the bone marrow to qualify as significant is 10% or over in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages, but this threshold is controversial. No 'normal' values have been established. Therefore, we investigated dyshematopoiesis in bone marrow aspirate squash preparations of 120 healthy bone marrow donors. DESIGN AND METHODS Bone marrow squash slides of 120 healthy unrelated bone marrow donors were examined independently by 4 experienced morphologists. Samples were taken from the first aspiration during the harvest. Bone marrow preparation and assessment were performed according to WHO recommendations and ICSH guidelines. RESULTS More than 10% dysmyelopoiesis could be detected in 46% of bone marrow aspirate squash preparations with 26% in 2 or more cell lineages and 7% in 3 cell lineages in healthy bone marrow donors. Donors under the age of 30 years exhibited more dysgranulopoietic changes and dysmegakaryopoietic changes (P<0.001) compared to the older donors. Female donors showed more dysgranulopoietic changes than male donors (P = 0.025). The concordance rate between the 4 investigators was modest in dysgranulopoiesis but poor in dyserythropoiesis and dysmegakaryopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS The poor reliability of the 10% cut off was partly related to the proximity of the current criteria to the observed cut-off mean values of the normal population. These findings question the current WHO threshold of the 10% or over necessary for the percentage of cells manifesting dysplasia to be considered significant, and suggest that either a higher threshold would be more appropriate or different thresholds should be set for each lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Parmentier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Lewandowski K, Kowalik MM, Pawlaczyk R, Rogowski J, Hellmann A. Microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirate in healthy adults - comparison of two techniques of slide preparation. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 34:254-61. [PMID: 22145778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) guidelines for the standardization of bone marrow specimens and reports, smears from bone marrow aspirates for microscopic examination should be prepared using two techniques simultaneously: the wedge-spread and the crush technique. However, the outcomes of these techniques have never been compared. METHODS We investigated the bone marrow of 105 adult, haematologically healthy subjects, using bone marrow smears prepared via both techniques simultaneously. RESULTS Comparison of the two techniques revealed significant differences in terms of the composition of bone marrow cells. Only the percentages of lymphocytes, mature eosinophils and basophils did not differ significantly. The reference ranges for each technique were established. CONCLUSIONS The crush technique seems to be more valuable than the wedge-spread technique because of the lack of a blood dilution effect and better assessment of megakaryopoiesis. We recommend the crush technique for the evaluation of the percentage composition of bone marrow cells. In a very small number of patients with irregular cell localization in the bone marrow particles, the wedge-spread technique may be more beneficial for the assessment of total cellularity. The recommendation to routinely prepare slides using both of these techniques is fully justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lewandowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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