101
|
Dysregulations in the PI3K pathway and targeted therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22203-22217. [PMID: 28108737 PMCID: PMC5400658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is the most commonly mutated pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There are several drugs targeting members of the PI3K signaling pathway in development for HNSCC. In this article, we review the genetic alterations reported in the pathway pertinent to HNSCC, various agents in development targeting various mediators of the pathway, results from clinical trials, and remaining challenges in the development of PI3K pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhou Y, Gu P, Li J, Li F, Zhu J, Gao P, Zang Y, Wang Y, Shan Y, Yang D. Suppression of STIM1 inhibits the migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells and is associated with PI3K/Akt signaling inactivation. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2629-2636. [PMID: 29048678 PMCID: PMC5780014 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) plays an important role in the invasion and migration of cancer cells. Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) is a critical component in the SOCE. STIM1 has been attracting more and more attention due to its oncogenic potential. STIM1 inhibition suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a variety of cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of STIM1 in prostate carcinogenesis, in particular, in tumor migration and invasion is unclear. Herein, we downregulated STIM1 in prostate cancer cells by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin (shRNA), and then studied its impacts on cell migration and invasion. We found that migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells were significantly inhibited after the suppression of STIM1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inactivated by STIM1 knockdown. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 synergized with STIM1 knockdown to inhibit cell motility. Our results revealed that STIM1 may act as a novel regulator to promote migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and is associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yachen Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Van Waes C, Musbahi O. Genomics and advances towards precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:310-319. [PMID: 29094075 PMCID: PMC5655563 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a review of emerging knowledge from genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and clinical precision medicine studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data Sources The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) publications, PubMed‐based literature review, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Review Methods TCGA publications, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried for genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and developmental clinical precision medicine studies in HNSCC. Results TCGA reported comprehensive genomic analyses of 279 HNSCC, defining the landscape and frequency of chromosomal copy number alterations, mutations, and expressed genes that contribute to pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to therapy. This provides a road map for basic science and preclinical studies to identify key pathways in cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment affected by these alterations, and candidate targets for new small molecule and biologic therapies. Conclusion Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and expression of genes affecting HNSCC subsets are associated with differences in prognosis, and define molecules, pathways, and deregulated immune responses as candidates for therapy. Activity of molecularly targeted agents appears to be enhanced by rational combinations of these agents and standard therapies targeting the complex alterations that affect multiple pathways and mechanisms in HNSCC. Level of Evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
| | - Omar Musbahi
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Two different protein expression profiles of oral squamous cell carcinoma analyzed by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:151. [PMID: 28789700 PMCID: PMC5549376 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most dangerous cancers in the body, producing serious complications with individual behaviors. Many different pathogenetic factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Cancer cells derived from oral keratinocytes can produce different carcinogenic signaling pathways through differences in protein expression, but their protein expression profiles cannot be easily explored with ordinary detection methods. Methods The present study compared the protein expression profiles between two different types of OSCCs, which were analyzed through immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Results Two types of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurred in a mandibular (SCC-1) and maxillary gingiva (SCC-2), but their clinical features and progression were quite different from each other. SCC-1 showed a large gingival ulceration with severe halitosis and extensive bony destruction, while SCC-2 showed a relatively small papillary gingival swelling but rapidly grew to form a large submucosal mass, followed by early cervical lymph node metastasis. In the histological observation, SCC-1 was relatively well differentiated with a severe inflammatory reaction, while SCC-2 showed severely infiltrative growth of each cancer islets accompanied with a mild inflammatory reaction. IP-HPLC analysis revealed contrary protein expression profiles analyzed by 72 different oncogenic proteins. SCC-1 showed more cellular apoptosis and invasive growth than SCC-2 through increased expression of caspases, MMPs, p53 signaling, FAS signaling, TGF-β1 signaling, and angiogenesis factors, while SCC-2 showed more cellular growth and survival than SCC-1 through the increased expression of proliferating factors, RAS signaling, eIF5A signaling, WNT signaling, and survivin. Conclusions The increased trends of cellular apoptosis and invasiveness in the protein expression profiles of SCC-1 were implicative of its extensive gingival ulceration and bony destruction, while the increased trends of cellular proliferation and survival in the protein profile of SCC-2 were implicative of its rapid growing tumor mass and early lymph node metastasis. These analyses of the essential oncogenic protein expression profiles in OSCC provide important information for genetic counseling or customized gene therapy in cancer treatment. Therefore, protein expression profile analysis through IP-HPLC is helpful not only for the molecular genetic diagnosis of cancer but also in identifying target molecules for customized gene therapy in near future.
Collapse
|
105
|
Overview of Current Treatment Options and Investigational Targeted Therapies for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 39:396-406. [PMID: 26967327 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) typically present with locally advanced (LA) stage III or IV disease and are treated with combined-modality therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery (if resectable). These aggressive, upfront treatment measures are often associated with substantial morbidity, and about half the patients develop locoregional or distant recurrences. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed that offer similar efficacy benefits with less toxicity. Current research is focused on selectively targeting signaling pathways involved in the proliferation and malignant transformation of SCCHN cells and the tumor microenvironment. For example, the ErbB receptor pathway has been implicated in the development and progression of SCCHN, and several agents targeting this pathway and downstream effectors are in various phases of clinical investigation. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is the only currently approved targeted therapy for the treatment of LA SCCHN. Additional agents targeting EGFR and other ErbB family members, including monoclonal antibodies (eg, panitumumab, nimotuzumab) and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, erlotinib, afatinib, lapatinib) are being studied in LA SCCHN with varying results. Other treatment strategies for LA SCCHN include targeting downstream effectors of signaling and resistance mechanisms to EGFR inhibitors (eg, mammalian target of rapamycin, Src family, and Aurora kinase family). Data from ongoing and future clinical trials will continue to refine current treatment paradigms for LA SCCHN and provide new therapeutic options and potential predictive biomarkers to improve patient efficacy and safety and abrogate resistance.
Collapse
|
106
|
de Vicente JC, Peña I, Rodrigo JP, Rodríguez-Santamarta T, Lequerica-Fernández P, Suárez-Fernández L, Allonca E, García-Pedrero JM. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 correlation with p21 expression and inverse association with tumor size in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1876-1887. [PMID: 28675642 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6), a surrogate marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and p21 in a series of 125 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to ascertain the phosphorylation status of p-S6 at Ser235/236 and Ser240/244, p21, and p53 protein expression. RESULTS Expression of phosphorylated S6 protein on either serine 235/236 or serine 240/244 was detected in 83% and 88% tumors, respectively, and both of them were inversely and significantly correlated with the tumor size and local infiltration. Positive p21 expression was found in 91.5% of the cases, and was inversely correlated with tumor size. In OSCC, p21 expression correlates with p-S6 levels, a surrogate marker of mTOR activation, independently of p53 status. CONCLUSION Expression of both p21 and p-S6 was found to inversely associate with tumor size but not survival outcomes in patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C de Vicente
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
| | - Ignacio Peña
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
| | - Tania Rodríguez-Santamarta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Chen Y, Zhao R, Zhao Q, Shao Y, Zhang S. Knockdown of HPIP Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 24:153-60. [PMID: 27458096 PMCID: PMC7838746 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14612603423476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX)-interacting protein (HPIP/PBXIP1) is a corepressor for the transcription factor PBX. Previous studies showed that HPIP is frequently overexpressed in many tumors. However, the role of HPIP in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not yet been determined. Thus, we decided to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HPIP in HNSCC. Our results demonstrated that HPIP is highly expressed in human HNSCC cell lines and provides the first evidence that knockdown of HPIP obviously inhibits proliferation and migration/invasion in HNSCC cells in vitro, as well as inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of HPIP significantly inhibits the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in human HNSCC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that knockdown of HPIP significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration/invasion of HNSCC cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, HPIP may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Nikitakis NG. Glimpses of the near future: a new generation of mTOR inhibitors. Oral Dis 2016; 23:1019-1020. [PMID: 27809391 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an integral role in many cellular processes and is frequently altered in cancer, contributing to tumor growth and survival. Small molecule inhibitors have been developed that target the three major nodes of this pathway: PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, because oncogenic PI3K pathway activation is achieved in diverse, potentially redundant ways, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapies has, so far, been limited, despite demonstrating promising preclinical activity. Moreover, pathway activation is associated with resistance to other therapies; thus, in combination, PI3K pathway inhibitors could restore therapeutic sensitivity to these agents. To maximize therapeutic benefit, drug combinations and schedules must be explored to identify those with the highest efficacy and lowest toxicity overlap. In addition, defining appropriate patient subpopulations, for both monotherapy and drug combinations, will be important. However, identifying predictive biomarkers remains a challenge.
Collapse
|
110
|
Diamanti S, Nikitakis N, Rassidakis G, Doulis I, Sklavounou A. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the mTOR pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland neoplasms. Oral Dis 2016; 22:620-9. [PMID: 27177463 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of upstream and downstream molecules of the oncogenic mTOR signaling pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (SGTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples consisted of 39 malignant and 13 benign minor SGTs, and 8 controls of normal minor salivary glands (NMSG). An immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated Akt, 4EBP1 and S6 (total and phosphorylated), and eIF4E was performed. RESULTS Expression of pAkt and 4EBP1 was observed in all SGTs and in most NMSG. p4EBP1 was detected in almost all SGT cases, NMSG being negative. S6 immunoreactivity was observed in 37.5% of NMSG, 92.3% of benign and 100% of malignant SGTs, while pS6 expression was observed in 77% of benign and 95% of malignant SGTs, but not in NMSG. Finally, eIF4E was expressed in 12.5% of NMSG, 69.2% of benign, and 76.9% of malignant tumors. All molecules studied had statistically significantly lower expression in NMSG compared with SGTs. Moreover, malignant neoplasms received higher scores compared with benign tumors for all molecules with the exception of eIF4E. CONCLUSION The mTOR signaling pathway is activated in SGTs, especially in malignancies. Therefore, the possible therapeutic role of targeting the mTOR pathway by rapamycin analogs in SGTs needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Diamanti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. , .,Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece. ,
| | - N Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathology and Cytology, Carolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - I Doulis
- Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Shah S, Caruso A, Cash H, Waes CV, Allen CT. Pools of programmed death-ligand within the oral cavity tumor microenvironment: Variable alteration by targeted therapies. Head Neck 2016; 38:1176-86. [PMID: 27061215 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced understanding of programmed death-ligand (PD-L) expression in oral cancer is important for establishing rational combinations of emerging immune checkpoint and molecular targeted therapies. METHODS We assessed PD-L and interferon (IFN) expression in immunogenic murine oral cancer-1 (MOC1) and poorly immunogenic MOC2 cell models after treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK1/2 small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PD-L1 but not PD-L2 is expressed on MOC1 and 2 cells and is type I and II IFN-dependent. PD-L1 is differentially expressed on cancer and endothelial cells and infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in highly and poorly immunogenic tumors. PD-L1 expression is variably altered after treatment with inhibitors in vivo, with an imperfect relationship to alterations in IFN levels in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expressed on cancer and infiltrating immune cells is variably altered by targeted therapies and may, in part, reflect changes in tumor IFN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1176-1186, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Shah
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andria Caruso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harrison Cash
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint T Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Sonis ST, Amaral Mendes R. Could the PI3K canonical pathway be a common link between chronic inflammatory conditions and oral carcinogenesis? J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:469-74. [PMID: 26991523 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The association between chronic inflammatory disorders and oral carcinogenesis has been both a source of interest and contention. Based upon its central importance in oral carcinogenesis, the finding that the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in oral lichen planus, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and chronic oral candidiasis suggests that it may provide a link between benign and malignant oral conditions. Here, we discuss a possible mechanistic rationale that addresses the activation of this important signaling pathway and its downstream events, while correlating it with the carcinogenic potential of chronic oral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Sonis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Biomodels LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- Adjunct Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Application of a Persistent Heparin Treatment Inhibits the Malignant Potential of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells Induced by Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148454. [PMID: 26849680 PMCID: PMC4743844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–100 nm-sized membranous vesicles, secreted from a variety of cell types into their surrounding extracellular space. Various exosome components including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are transferred to recipient cells and affect their function and activity. Numerous studies have showed that tumor cell-derived exosomes play important roles in tumor growth and progression. However, the effect of exosomes released from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) into the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated exosomes from OSCC cells and investigated the influence of OSCC cell-derived exosomes on the tumor cell behavior associated with tumor development. We demonstrated that OSCC cell-derived exosomes were taken up by OSCC cells themselves and significantly promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion through the activation of the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and JNK-1/2 pathways in vitro. These effects of OSCC cell-derived exosomes were obviously attenuated by treatment with PI3K, ERK-1/2, and JNK-1/2 pharmacological inhibitors. Furthermore, the growth rate of tumor xenografts implanted into nude mice was promoted by treatment with OSCC cell-derived exosomes. The uptake of exosomes by OSCC cells and subsequent tumor progression was abrogated in the presence of heparin. Taken together, these data suggest that OSCC cell-derived exosomes might be a novel therapeutic target and the use of heparin to inhibit the uptake of OSCC-derived exosomes by OSCC cells may be useful for treatment.
Collapse
|
114
|
Stabilization of p21 by mTORC1/4E-BP1 predicts clinical outcome of head and neck cancers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10438. [PMID: 26832959 PMCID: PMC4740818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels, regulation and prognostic value of p21 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has been puzzling for years. Here, we report a new mechanism of regulation of p21 by the mTORC1/4E-BP1 pathway. We find that non-phosphorylated 4E-BP1 interacts with p21 and induces its degradation. Accordingly, hyper-activation of mTORC1 results in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and stabilization of p21. In HNSCC, p21 levels strongly correlate with mTORC1 activity but not with p53 status. Finally, clinical data indicate that HNSCC patients with p21 and phospho-S6-double-positive tumours present a better disease-specific survival. We conclude that over-activation of the mTORC1/4E-BP1/p21 pathway is a frequent and clinically relevant alteration in HNSCC. The molecular pathways involving p21 and mTORC1 are frequently deregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, Llanos et al. report a mechanism that regulates p21 stability through the mTORC1/4E-BP1 pathway independently of p53, and show that the mechanism is prevalent in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
115
|
Wang Y, Gan Y, Tan Z, Zhou J, Kitazawa R, Jiang X, Tang Y, Yang J. TDRG1 functions in testicular seminoma are dependent on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:409-20. [PMID: 26855590 PMCID: PMC4725695 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human testis development-related gene 1 (TDRG1) is a recently identified gene that is expressed exclusively in the testes and promotes the development of testicular germ cell tumors. In this study, the role of TDRG1 in the development of testicular seminoma, which is the most common testicular germ cell tumor, was further investigated. Based on polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry tests, both gene and protein expression levels of TDRG1 were significantly upregulated in testicular seminoma tissues compared with normal testicular tissues. Additionally, the levels of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/p110 and Akt phosphorylation were dramatically upregulated in testicular seminoma tissues. Accordingly, in our cell experiment, seminoma TCam-2 cells were subjected to different treatments: the TDRG1 knockout, TDRG1 overexpression, PI3K inhibition (LY294002 administration), or PI3K activation (insulin-like growth factor-1 administration). Cell proliferation, the proliferation index, apoptosis rate, cell adhesive capacity, and cell invasion capability were assessed. Cells with both TDRG1 knockout and PI3K inhibition exhibited decreased cell proliferation, proliferation indexes, cell adhesion capacity, and cell invasion capability and increased apoptosis rates. Most of these effects were reversed by TDRG1 overexpression or PI3K activation, indicating that both TDRG1- and PI3K-mediated signaling promote proliferation and invasion of testicular seminoma cells. The knockout of TDRG1 significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/p85, PI3K/p110, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; Ser2448). Except for PI3K/p110, TDRG1 overexpression had the opposite effects on phosphorylation levels. Phosphorylated mTOR at Ser2481 and Thr2446 was not affected by TDRG1 or PI3K in our tests. Thus, these results indicate that TDRG1 promotes the development and migration of seminoma cells via the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; this contributes to an understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying the development and migration of seminomas and lays a theoretical foundation for the development of appropriate therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Tōon, Ehime Perfecture, Japan
| | - Xianzhen Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfu Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Lyu J, Song H, Tian Z, Miao Y, Ren G, Guo W. Predictive value of pAKT/PTEN expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with cetuximab-based chemotherapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 121:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
117
|
Liu J, Huang W, Ren C, Wen Q, Liu W, Yang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Zeng L, Feng X, Zhang C, Chen H, Jia W, Zhang L, Xia X, Chen Y. Flotillin-2 promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating NF-κB and PI3K/Akt3 signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26206082 PMCID: PMC4648439 DOI: 10.1038/srep11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid raft proteins have been confirmed to be important in cell signal transduction. Some reports have shown that the aberrant expression of lipid raft proteins is associated with malignant phenotypes in some cancers. However, the role of the lipid raft protein flotillin-2 (Flot-2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains to be comprehensively characterized. Here, overexpression of Flot-2 in NPC tissues and cell lines was detected by immunostaining, and Flot-2 expression was found to be positively associated with NPC metastasis. Furthermore, inhibiting Flot-2 expression impaired the malignancy of the highly metastatic NPC cell line 5-8F by constraining its growth and proliferation, mobility and migration, and decreasing the capacity of 5-8F cells to metastasize in nude mice. In contrast, forced overexpression of Flot-2 increased the malignancy of 6-10B, a non-metastatic NPC cell line that weakly expresses Flot-2. Moreover, in 5-8F-shFlot-2 cells, which have inhibited Flot-2 expression, the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt3 pathways were inactivated. Subsequently, MMPs expression were decreased, and Foxo1 activity was increased. In addition, enhanced NF-κB and PI3K/Akt3 activities were observed in Flot-2 overexpressing 6-10B cells. Thus, Flot-2 exerts a pro-neoplastic role in NPC and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, Flot-2 exerts its role through NF-κB and PI3K/Akt3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xuyu Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary &Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Liu Y, Chen H, Sun Z, Chen X. Molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:164-73. [PMID: 25766659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a major etiological factor of oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). Both local and systemic effects of ethanol may promote carcinogenesis, especially among chronic alcoholics. However, molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize current understandings and propose three mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC: (1) Disturbance of systemic metabolism of nutrients: during ethanol metabolism in the liver, systemic metabolism of retinoids, zinc, iron and methyl groups is altered. These nutrients are known to be associated with the development of OESCC. (2) Disturbance of redox metabolism in squamous epithelial cells: when ethanol is metabolized in oro-esophageal squamous epithelial cells, reactive oxygen species are generated and produce oxidative damage. Meanwhile, ethanol may also disturb fatty-acid metabolism in these cells. (3) Disturbance of signaling pathways in squamous epithelial cells: due to its physico-chemical properties, ethanol changes cell membrane fluidity and shape, and may thus impact multiple signaling pathways. Advanced molecular techniques in genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics will help us elucidate how ethanol promotes OESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Leiker AJ, DeGraff W, Choudhuri R, Sowers AL, Thetford A, Cook JA, Van Waes C, Mitchell JB. Radiation Enhancement of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by the Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor PF-05212384. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2792-801. [PMID: 25724523 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation remains a mainstay for the treatment of nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a malignancy characterized by a high rate of PI3K/mTOR signaling axis activation. We investigated the ATP-competitive dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PF-05212384, as a radiosensitizer in preclinical HNSCC models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Extent of radiation enhancement of two HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC1-wtP53 and UMSCC46-mtP53) and normal human fibroblast (1522) was assessed by in vitro clonogenic assay with appropriate target inhibition verified by immunoblotting. Radiation-induced DNA damage repair was evaluated by γH2AX Western blots with the mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair abrogation investigated by cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. PF-05212384 efficacy in vivo was assessed by UMSCC1 xenograft tumor regrowth delay, xenograft lysate immunoblotting, and tissue section immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PF-05212384 effectively inhibited PI3K and mTOR, resulting in significant radiosensitization of exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells with 24-hour treatment following irradiation, and variable radiation enhancement with 24-hour treatment before irradiation. Tumor cells radiosensitized to a greater extent than normal human fibroblasts. Postirradiation PF-05212384 treatment delays γH2AX foci resolution. PF-05212384 24-hour exposure resulted in an evident G1-S phase block in p53-competent cells. Fractionated radiation plus i.v. PF-05212384 synergistically delayed nude mice bearing UMSCC1 xenograft regrowth, with potential drug efficacy biomarkers identified, including pS6, pAkt, p4EBP1, and Ki67. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results of significant radiosensitization both in vitro and in vivo validate the PI3K/mTOR axis as a radiation modification target and PF-05212384 as a potential clinical radiation modifier of nonmetastatic HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Leiker
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William DeGraff
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajani Choudhuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anastasia L Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Thetford
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John A Cook
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Bian Y, Han J, Kannabiran V, Mohan S, Cheng H, Friedman J, Zhang L, VanWaes C, Chen Z. MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 overcomes resistance to CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and exhibits anti-tumor activity in head and neck cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:411-22. [PMID: 25798061 PMCID: PMC4366640 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase CK2 exhibits genomic alterations and aberrant overexpression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, we investigated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in human HNSCC cell lines and xenograft models. The IC50's of CX-4945 for 9 UM-SCC cell lines measured by MTT assay ranged from 3.4-11.9 μM. CX-4945 induced cell cycle arrest and cell death measured by DNA flow cytometry, and inhibited prosurvival mediators phospho-AKT and p-S6 in UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC46 cells. CX-4945 decreased NF-κB and Bcl-XL reporter gene activities in both cell lines, but upregulated proapoptotic TP53 and p21 reporter activities, and induced phospho-ERK, AP-1, and IL-8 activity in UM-SCC1 cells. CX-4945 exhibited modest anti-tumor activity in UM-SCC1 xenografts. Tumor immunostaining revealed significant inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and increased apoptosis marker TUNEL, but also induced p-ERK, c-JUN, JUNB, FOSL1 and proliferation (Ki67) markers, as a possible resistance mechanism. To overcome the drug resistance, we tested MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 (PD-901), which inhibited ERK-AP-1 activation alone and in combination with CX-4945. PD-901 alone displayed significant anti-tumor effects in vivo, and the combination of PD-901 and CX-4945 slightly enhanced anti-tumor activity when compared with PD-901 alone. Immunostaining of tumor specimens after treatment revealed inhibition of p-AKT S129 and p-AKT T308 by CX-4945, and inhibition of p-ERK T202/204 and AP-1 family member FOSL-1 by PD-901. Our study reveals a drug resistance mechanism mediated by the MEK-ERK-AP-1 pathway in HNSCC. MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 is active in HNSCC resistant to CX-4945, meriting further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Bian
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiawei Han
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Key Discipline, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Vishnu Kannabiran
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 3. NIH Clinical Research Training Program-NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suresh Mohan
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 3. NIH Clinical Research Training Program-NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay Friedman
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- 2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Key Discipline, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter VanWaes
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Mishra R, Nagini S, Rana A. Expression and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/ beta and their association with the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:20. [PMID: 25645517 PMCID: PMC4334357 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to evaluate the expression and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 isoforms α/β (GSK3α/β) and to assess their oncogenic potential through a correlation with the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in oral cancer. METHODS The expression of total and phosphorylated GSK3α/β as well as cyclin D1 and p53 together with their interaction were assessed in human oral cancer tissue samples, apparently normal adjacent tissues, benign tumor samples, premalignant lesions and healthy normal tissues (total 179) using various methods, such as immunohistochemistry, Western blot assays, immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS The expression of GSK3β was significantly higher relative to GSK3α indicating the greater role of the β isoform in oral cancer. Among various types of oral cancers, OSCC (of the lip and tongue) showed elevated expression of GSK3α/β, and the expression was correlated with disease progression. The increased expression of pS(21)GSK3α and pS(9)GSK3β not only correlated positively with cyclin D1 and p53 expression in tongue cancer progression but a gradual shift of their expression from the cytoplasmic to the nuclear compartment and overall disease severity was also observed. The interaction of GSK3β-cyclin D1 and the positive correlation of pS(9)GSK3β and the transcription of cyclin D1 were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the inactivation of GSK3β is an important event in OSCC and can be used as a marker for assessing disease severity and may be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, INDIA.
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, 60153, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Yufang Z, Cen C, Xiu W, Panpan G, Xinyu Z, Zhiqiang Y, Jing A. HBCD and PCBs enhance the cell migration and invasion of HepG2 via the PI3 K/Akt pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been proved to result in diversified toxicity, including cancerogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yufang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Cen
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Panpan
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Zhang Xinyu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhiqiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - An Jing
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Mishra S, Kaddi CD, Wang MD. Pan-cancer analysis for studying cancer stage using protein expression data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:8189-92. [PMID: 26738195 PMCID: PMC4983429 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pan-cancer analyses attempt to discover similar features among multiple cancers in order to identify fundamental patterns common to cancer development and progression. Pan-cancer analysis at the level of protein expression is particularly important because protein expression is more immediately related to patient phenotype than genomic or transcriptomic data. This study aims to analyze differentially expressed (DE) proteins between early and advanced cases of multiple cancer types through the usage of reverse-phase protein array data. The relevance of these proteins is further investigated by developing predictive models using K-nearest neighbor and linear discriminant analysis classifiers. The results of this study suggest that a pan-cancer analysis may be highly complementary to standard analysis of an individual cancer for identifying biologically relevant DE proteins, and can assist in developing effective predictive models for cancer progression.
Collapse
|
124
|
Biswas NK, Das S, Maitra A, Sarin R, Majumder PP. Somatic mutations in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway genes enhance oral cancer post-treatment disease-free survival. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5835. [PMID: 25517499 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid metabolism (AAM) pathway promotes tumour progression. Chemical inhibitors of AAM pathway prolong post-treatment survival of cancer patients. Here we test whether non-synonymous somatic mutations in genes of this pathway, acting as natural inhibitors, increase post-treatment survival. We identify loss-of-function somatic mutations in 15 (18%) of 84 treatment-naïve oral cancer patients by whole-exome sequencing, which we map to genes of AAM pathway. Patients (n = 53) who survived ≥ 12 months after surgery without recurrence have significantly (P = 0.007) higher proportion (26% versus 3%) of mutations than those who did not (n = 31). Patients with mutations have a significantly (P = 0.003) longer median disease-free survival (24 months) than those without (13 months). Compared with the presence of a mutation, absence of any mutation increases the hazard ratio for death (11.3) significantly (P = 0.018). The inferences are strengthened when we pool our data with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. In patients with AAM pathway mutations, some downstream pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt pathway, are downregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhan K Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Subrata Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Rizzo G, Black M, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Nichols AC. Defining the genomic landscape of head and neck cancers through next-generation sequencing. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e11-24. [PMID: 24725020 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of genomics and improved our understanding of cancer biology. Advances have been achieved by sequencing tumor DNA and using matched normal DNA to filter out germ line variants to identify cancer-specific changes. The identification of high incidences of activating mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) amenable to drug targeting has been made, with clear distinctions between the mutational profile of HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. This wealth of new understanding undoubtedly ameliorates our understanding of HNSCC cancer biology and elucidates clear targets for drug targeting which will guide future personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|