101
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Tamma VA, Beecher LM, Shumaker-Parry JS, Wickramasinghe HK. Detecting stimulated Raman responses of molecules in plasmonic gap using photon induced forces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31439-31453. [PMID: 30650729 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the stimulated Raman nanoscopy of a small number of molecules in a plasmonic gap, excited without resonant electronic enhancement, measured using near-field photon-induced forces, eliminating the need for far-field optical detection. We imaged 30 nm diameter gold nanoparticles functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) molecules. The maximum number of molecules detected by the gold-coated nano-probe at the position of maximum field enhancement could be fewer than about 42 molecules. The molecules were imaged by vibrating an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) cantilever on its second flexural eigenmode enabling the tip to be controlled much closer to the sample, thereby improving the detected signal-to-noise ratio when compared to vibrating the cantilever on its first flexural eigenmode. We also demonstrate the implementation of stimulated Raman nanoscopy measured using photon-induced force with non-collinear pump and stimulating beams which could have applications in polarization dependent Raman nanoscopy and spectroscopy and pump-probe nano-spectroscopy particularly involving infrared beam/s. We also discuss using photon induced forces as a technique to sort and select best performing metal coated tips for further use in tip-enhanced experiments.
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102
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Benaglia S, Gisbert VG, Perrino AP, Amo CA, Garcia R. Fast and high-resolution mapping of elastic properties of biomolecules and polymers with bimodal AFM. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2890-2907. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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103
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles, practice, and applications to nanospectroscopic imaging of 2D materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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104
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Jahng J, Yang H, Lee ES. Substructure imaging of heterogeneous nanomaterials with enhanced refractive index contrast by using a functionalized tip in photoinduced force microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:73. [PMID: 30323925 PMCID: PMC6177416 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The opto-mechanical force response from light-illuminated nanoscale materials has been exploited in many tip-based imaging applications to characterize various heterogeneous nanostructures. Such a force can have two origins: thermal expansion and induced dipoles. The thermal expansion reflects the absorption of the material, which enables one to chemically characterize a material at the absorption resonance. The induced dipole interaction reflects the local refractive indices of the material underneath the tip, which is useful to characterize a material in the spectral region where no absorption resonance occurs, as in the infrared (IR)-inactive region. Unfortunately, the dipole force is relatively small, and the contrast is rarely discernible for most organic materials and biomaterials, which only show a small difference in refractive indices for their components. In this letter, we demonstrate that refractive index contrast can be greatly enhanced with the assistance of a functionalized tip. With the enhanced contrast, we can visualize the substructure of heterogeneous biomaterials, such as a polyacrylonitrile-nanocrystalline cellulose (PAN-NCC) nanofiber. From substructural visualization, we address the issue of the tensile strength of PAN-NCC fibers fabricated by several different mixing methods. Our understanding from the present study will open up a new opportunity to provide enhanced sensitivity for substructure mapping of nanobiomaterials, as well as local field mapping of photonic devices, such as surface polaritons on semiconductors, metals and van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Jahng
- Center for Nanocharacterization, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Advanced Fibrous Materials Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Center for Nanocharacterization, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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105
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Rajaei M, Almajhadi MA, Zeng J, Wickramasinghe HK. Near-field nanoprobing using Si tip-Au nanoparticle photoinduced force microscopy with 120:1 signal-to-noise ratio, sub-6-nm resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:26365-26376. [PMID: 30469725 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose using a Si tip-Au nanoparticle (NP) combination system in photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) to fundamentally improve its accuracy in the nanoscale characterization of light-matter interaction. Compared to conventional PiFM with Au-coated tips, such Si tip and Au NP combination enables superior photo-induced force detection while overcoming the tip-induced anisotropy by Au-coating. We map the near-field distribution of Au NPs in different arrangements achieving 120 signal-to-noise ratio and sub-6-nm resolution, even surpassing the tip-curvature limitation; we also map the azimuthally polarized beam profile showing an excellent symmetry. The proposed approach is essential to the promising single molecule spectroscopy.
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106
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O'Callahan BT, Yan J, Menges F, Muller EA, Raschke MB. Photoinduced Tip-Sample Forces for Chemical Nanoimaging and Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5499-5505. [PMID: 30080975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Control of photoinduced forces allows nanoparticle manipulation, atom trapping, and fundamental studies of light-matter interactions. Scanning probe microscopy enables the local detection of photoinduced effects with nano-optical imaging and spectroscopy modalities being used for chemical analysis and the study of physical effects. Recently, the development of a novel scanning probe technique has been reported with local chemical sensitivity attributed to the localization and detection of the optical gradient force between a probe tip and sample surface via infrared vibrationally resonant coupling. However, the magnitude and spectral line shape of the observed signals disagree with theoretical predictions of optical gradient forces. Here, we clarify this controversy by resolving and analyzing the interplay of several photoinduced effects between scanning probe tips and infrared resonant materials through spectral and spatial force measurements. Force spectra obtained on IR-active vibrational modes of polymer thin films are symmetric and match the material absorption spectra in contrast to the dispersive spectral line shape expected for the optical gradient force response. Sample thickness dependence shows continuous increase in force signal beyond the thickness where the optical dipole force would saturate. Our results illustrate that photoinduced force interactions between scanning probe tips and infrared-resonant materials are dominated by short-range thermal expansion and possibly long-range thermally induced photoacoustic effects. At the same time, we provide a guideline to detect and discriminate optical gradient forces from other photoinduced effects, which opens a new perspective for the development of new scanning probe modalities exploiting ultrastrong opto-mechanical coupling effects in tip-sample cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T O'Callahan
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Fabian Menges
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Eric A Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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107
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Jahng J, Potma EO, Lee ES. Tip-Enhanced Thermal Expansion Force for Nanoscale Chemical Imaging and Spectroscopy in Photoinduced Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11054-11061. [PMID: 30125496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the tip-enhanced thermal expansion force for nanoscale chemical imaging and spectroscopy in the tip-sample junction. It is found, both theoretically and experimentally, that the tip-enhanced absorption of the near-field at the tip followed by sample expansion shows characteristic behaviors with respect to the sample thickness and the incident laser pulse width. The van der Waals interaction plays a major role in exerting a force on the tip from the thermally expanded sample. The force behavior of the photoinduced force microscope (PiFM) is compared with that of the existing photothermal-induced resonance technique (PTIR) to unravel the ambiguous thermal expansion force mechanism. The present study opens up new opportunities for enhancing the performance of optical nanoscopy and spectroscopy such as chemical imaging of nanobiomaterials and the local field mapping of photonic devices, including surface polaritons on van der Waals materials with the assistance of the thermal expansion of a functionalized tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Jahng
- Center for Nanocharacterization , Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Center for Nanocharacterization , Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
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108
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Ambrosio A, Tamagnone M, Chaudhary K, Jauregui LA, Kim P, Wilson WL, Capasso F. Selective excitation and imaging of ultraslow phonon polaritons in thin hexagonal boron nitride crystals. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:27. [PMID: 30839629 PMCID: PMC6107022 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We selectively excite and study two new types of phonon-polariton guided modes that are found in hexagonal boron nitride thin flakes on a gold substrate. Such modes show substantially improved confinement and a group velocity that is hundreds of times slower than the speed of light, thereby providing a new way to create slow light in the mid-infrared range with a simple structure that does not require nano-patterning. One mode is the fundamental mode in the first Restrahlen band of hexagonal boron nitride thin crystals on a gold substrate; the other mode is equivalent to the second mode of the second Restrahlen band of hexagonal boron nitride flakes that are suspended in vacuum. The new modes also couple efficiently with incident light at the hexagonal boron nitride edges, as we demonstrate experimentally using photo-induced force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy. The high confinement of these modes allows for Purcell factors that are on the order of tens of thousands directly above boron nitride and a wide band, with new perspectives for enhanced light-matter interaction. Our findings demonstrate a new approach to engineering the dispersion of polaritons in 2D materials to improve confinement and light-matter interaction, thereby paving the way for new applications in mid-infrared nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ambrosio
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Michele Tamagnone
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Kundan Chaudhary
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Luis A. Jauregui
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - William L. Wilson
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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109
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Kong J, Giridharagopal R, Harrison JS, Ginger DS. Identifying Nanoscale Structure-Function Relationships Using Multimodal Atomic Force Microscopy, Dimensionality Reduction, and Regression Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3307-3314. [PMID: 29847944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Correlating nanoscale chemical specificity with operational physics is a long-standing goal of functional scanning probe microscopy (SPM). We employ a data analytic approach combining multiple microscopy modes using compositional information in infrared vibrational excitation maps acquired via photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) with electrical information from conductive atomic force microscopy. We study a model polymer blend comprising insulating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). We show that PiFM spectra are different from FTIR spectra but can still be used to identify local composition. We use principal component analysis to extract statistically significant principal components and principal component regression to predict local current and identify local polymer composition. In doing so, we observe evidence of semiconducting P3HT within PMMA aggregates. These methods are generalizable to correlated SPM data and provide a meaningful technique for extracting complex compositional information that is impossible to measure from any one technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Rajiv Giridharagopal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Jeffrey S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
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110
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Tamagnone M, Ambrosio A, Chaudhary K, Jauregui LA, Kim P, Wilson WL, Capasso F. Ultra-confined mid-infrared resonant phonon polaritons in van der Waals nanostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat7189. [PMID: 29922721 PMCID: PMC6003750 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride has been proposed as an excellent candidate to achieve subwavelength infrared light manipulation owing to its polar lattice structure, enabling excitation of low-loss phonon polaritons with hyperbolic dispersion. We show that strongly subwavelength hexagonal boron nitride planar nanostructures can exhibit ultra-confined resonances and local field enhancement. We investigate strong light-matter interaction in these nanoscale structures via photo-induced force microscopy, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, with excellent agreement with numerical simulations. We design optical nano-dipole antennas and directly image the fields when bright- or dark-mode resonances are excited. These modes are deep subwavelength, and strikingly, they can be supported by arbitrarily small structures. We believe that phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride can play for infrared light a role similar to that of plasmons in noble metals at visible frequency, paving the way for a new class of efficient and highly miniaturized nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tamagnone
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Antonio Ambrosio
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- CNR-SPIN U.O.S. Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Kundan Chaudhary
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Luis A. Jauregui
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - William L. Wilson
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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111
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Meyer R, Yao X, Deckert V. Latest instrumental developments and bioanalytical applications in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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112
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Mandemaker LB, Filez M, Delen G, Tan H, Zhang X, Lohse D, Weckhuysen BM. Time-Resolved In Situ Liquid-Phase Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Nanospectroscopy during the Formation of Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1838-1844. [PMID: 29595980 PMCID: PMC5911801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films show unmatched promise as smart membranes and photocatalytic coatings. However, their nucleation and growth resulting from intricate molecular assembly processes are not well understood yet are crucial to control the thin film properties. Here, we directly observe the nucleation and growth behavior of HKUST-1 thin films by real-time in situ AFM at different temperatures in a Cu-BTC solution. In combination with ex situ infrared (nano)spectroscopy, synthesis at 25 °C reveals initial nucleation of rapidly growing HKUST-1 islands surrounded by a continuously nucleating but slowly growing HKUST-1 carpet. Monitoring at 13 and 50 °C shows the strong impact of temperature on thin film formation, resulting in (partial) nucleation and growth inhibition. The nucleation and growth mechanisms as well as their kinetics provide insights to aid in future rational design of MOF thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens
D. B. Mandemaker
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Filez
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Delen
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huanshu Tan
- Physics of Fluids
Group, Max Planck Center Twente, J. M. Burgers Centre
for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics of Fluids
Group, Max Planck Center Twente, J. M. Burgers Centre
for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids
Group, Max Planck Center Twente, J. M. Burgers Centre
for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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113
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Zong C, Xu M, Xu LJ, Wei T, Ma X, Zheng XS, Hu R, Ren B. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalysis: Reliability and Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4946-4980. [PMID: 29638112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) inherits the rich chemical fingerprint information on Raman spectroscopy and gains sensitivity by plasmon-enhanced excitation and scattering. In particular, most Raman peaks have a narrow width suitable for multiplex analysis, and the measurements can be conveniently made under ambient and aqueous conditions. These merits make SERS a very promising technique for studying complex biological systems, and SERS has attracted increasing interest in biorelated analysis. However, there are still great challenges that need to be addressed until it can be widely accepted by the biorelated communities, answer interesting biological questions, and solve fatal clinical problems. SERS applications in bioanalysis involve the complex interactions of plasmonic nanomaterials with biological systems and their environments. The reliability becomes the key issue of bioanalytical SERS in order to extract meaningful information from SERS data. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bioanalytical SERS with the main focus on the reliability issue. We first introduce the mechanism of SERS to guide the design of reliable SERS experiments with high detection sensitivity. We then introduce the current understanding of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, mainly living cells, to guide the design of functionalized SERS nanoparticles for target detection. We further introduce the current status of label-free (direct) and labeled (indirect) SERS detections, for systems from biomolecules, to pathogens, to living cells, and we discuss the potential interferences from experimental design, measurement conditions, and data analysis. In the end, we give an outlook of the key challenges in bioanalytical SERS, including reproducibility, sensitivity, and spatial and time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Mengxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Li-Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
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114
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Choi B, Jeong G, Kim ZH. Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging at Nanometer Scale. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boogeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Gyouil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
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115
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Tumkur T, Yang X, Zhang C, Yang J, Zhang Y, Naik GV, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Wavelength-Dependent Optical Force Imaging of Bimetallic Al-Au Heterodimers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2040-2046. [PMID: 29436231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many important applications of nanometer-scale metallic complexes arise from the light-induced, near-field interactions between their component structures. Here we examine the near-field interactions in bimetallic Al-Au plasmonic nanodisk heterodimers, where the coupling between the primitive plasmons of nanostructures composed of two different metals is studied. Understanding the correlations between nanoparticle morphology and near-field optical properties, particularly for nanostructures composed of two different metals, requires spectrally resolved near-field spatial information. An ideal tool for such investigations is the recently developed photoinduced force microscopy, where the electromagnetic forces between an optically excited plasmonic nanostructure and an adjacent scanning nanoscale tip are measured. Using this approach, we visualize the wavelength-dependent near-field interactions in these bimetallic heterodimers. This system provides a prime example of the diabatic, antenna-reactor picture of plasmon coupling where for a given wavelength the more resonant primitive "driving" plasmon induces a response, the "forced" plasmon, in the off-resonant component. We critically examine spectrally resolved tip-nanostructure forces, comparing experiment with theory, for tips and nanoscale structures of realistic dimensions relative to frequently used approximations for tip geometries. The contrasting effects of dielectric versus metallic tips on acquired spectral force profiles are also examined.
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116
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Gu KL, Zhou Y, Morrison WA, Park K, Park S, Bao Z. Nanoscale Domain Imaging of All-Polymer Organic Solar Cells by Photo-Induced Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1473-1481. [PMID: 29338202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid nanoscale imaging of the bulk heterojunction layer in organic solar cells is essential to the continued development of high-performance devices. Unfortunately, commonly used imaging techniques such as tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) suffer from significant drawbacks. For instance, assuming domain identity from phase contrast or topographical features can lead to inaccurate morphological conclusions. Here we demonstrate a technique known as photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) for imaging organic solar cell bulk heterojunctions with nanoscale chemical specificity. PiFM is a relatively recent scanning probe microscopy technique that combines an AFM tip with a tunable infrared laser to induce a dipole for chemical imaging. Coupling the nanometer resolution of AFM with the chemical specificity of a tuned IR laser, we are able to spatially map the donor and acceptor domains in a model all-polymer bulk heterojunction with resolution approaching 10 nm. Domain size from PiFM images is compared to bulk-averaged results from resonant soft X-ray scattering, indicating excellent quantitative agreement. Further, we demonstrate that in our all-polymer system, the AFM topography, AFM phase, and PiFM show poor correlation, highlighting the need to move beyond standard AFM for morphology characterization of bulk heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Morrison
- Molecular Vista , 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Katherine Park
- Molecular Vista , 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Sung Park
- Molecular Vista , 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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117
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Delen G, Ristanović Z, Mandemaker LDB, Weckhuysen BM. Mechanistic Insights into Growth of Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Framework Films Resolved by Infrared (Nano-) Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2018; 24:187-195. [PMID: 29164720 PMCID: PMC5765457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Control over assembly, orientation, and defect-free growth of metal-organic framework (MOF) films is crucial for their future applications. A layer-by-layer approach is considered a suitable method to synthesize highly oriented films of numerous MOF topologies, but the initial stages of the film growth remain poorly understood. Here we use a combination of infrared (IR) reflection absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-IR imaging to investigate the assembly and growth of a surface mounted MOF (SURMOF) film, specifically HKUST-1. IR spectra of the films were measured with monolayer sensitivity and <10 nm spatial resolution. In contrast to the common knowledge of LbL SURMOF synthesis, we find evidence for the surface-hindered growth and large presence of copper acetate precursor species in the produced MOF thin-films. The growth proceeds via a solution-mediated mechanism where the presence of weakly adsorbed copper acetate species leads to the formation of crystalline agglomerates with a size that largely exceeds theoretical growth limits. We report the spectroscopic characterization of physisorbed copper acetate surface species and find evidence for the large presence of unexchanged and mixed copper-paddle-wheels. Based on these insights, we were able to optimize and automatize synthesis methods and produce (100) oriented HKUST-1 thin-films with significantly shorter synthesis times, and additionally use copper nitrate as an effective synthesis precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guusje Delen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Zoran Ristanović
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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118
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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119
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Ramer G, Aksyuk VA, Centrone A. Quantitative Chemical Analysis at the Nanoscale Using the Photothermal Induced Resonance Technique. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13524-13531. [PMID: 29165992 PMCID: PMC5841475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR, is a scanning probe technique that provides sample composition information with a lateral resolution down to 20 nm. Interest in PTIR stems from its ability to identify unknown samples at the nanoscale thanks, in first approximation, to the direct comparability of PTIR spectra with far-field infrared databases. The development of rapidly tuning quantum cascade lasers has increased the PTIR throughput considerably, making nanoscale hyperspectral imaging within a reasonable time frame possible. Consequently, a better understanding of PTIR signal generation and of the fine details of PTIR analysis has become of paramount importance for extending complex IR analysis methods developed in the far-field, e.g., for classification and hyperspectral imaging, to nanoscale PTIR spectra. Here we calculate PTIR spectra via thin-film optics, to identify subtle changes (band shifts, deviation from linear approximation, etc.) for common sample parameters in the case of PTIR with total internal reflection illumination. Results show signal intensity linearity and small band shifts as long as the sample is prepared correctly, with band shifts typically smaller than macroscale attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Finally, a generally applicable algorithm to retrieve the pure imaginary component of the refractive index (i.e., the chemically specific information) is provided to overcome the PTIR spectra nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Ramer
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Vladimir A. Aksyuk
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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120
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Stanciu SG, Tranca DE, Hristu R, Stanciu GA. Correlative imaging of biological tissues with apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5374-5383. [PMID: 29296474 PMCID: PMC5745089 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (ASNOM) has attracted considerable interest over the past years as a result of its valuable contrast mechanisms and capabilities for optical resolutions in the nanoscale range. However, at this moment the intersections between ASNOM and the realm of bioimaging are scarce, mainly due to data interpretation difficulties linked to the limited body of work performed so far in this field and hence the reduced volume of supporting information. We propose an imaging approach that holds significant potential for alleviating this issue, consisting of correlative imaging of biological specimens using a multimodal system that incorporates ASNOM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which allows placing near-field data into a well understood context of anatomical relevance. We demonstrate this approach on zebrafish retinal tissue. The proposed method holds important implications for the in-depth understanding of biological items through the prism of ASNOM and CLSM data complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Denis E. Tranca
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Radu Hristu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - George A. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
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121
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Li B, Valverde LR, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Li S, Diao Y, Wilson WL, Schroeder CM. Macroscopic Alignment and Assembly of π-Conjugated Oligopeptides Using Colloidal Microchannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41586-41593. [PMID: 29112374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1-D) supramolecular self-assembly offers a powerful strategy to achieve long-range unidirectional ordering of organic semiconducting materials via noncovalent interactions. Using a hierarchical assembly, electronic and optoelectronic materials can be constructed for applications including organic conducting nanowires, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Despite recent progress, it remains challenging to precisely align and assemble 1-D structures over large areas in a rapid and straightforward manner. In this work, we demonstrate a facile strategy to macroscopically align supramolecular fibers using a templating method based on sacrificial colloidal microchannels. Through use of this approach, colloidal microchannels are generated on a solid surface using a simple fabrication method, followed by the spontaneous self-assembly of π-conjugated oligopeptides inside large arrays of microchannels triggered by solvent evaporation. Following oligopeptide assembly and removal of sacrificial microchannels, the structural properties of oligopeptide fibers were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), atomic force microscope-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM), fluorescence polarization microscopy, and electron microscopy. These results reveal the macroscopic alignment of oligopeptide fibers into ordered structures over millimeter length scales, facilitated by colloidal microchannel templating. In addition, the charge transport properties (I-V curves) of π-conjugated oligopeptides assembled using this method were determined under a wide range of applied voltages using interdigitated array electrodes and conductive AFM. Overall, this work illustrates a simple yet robust strategy to pattern 1-D supramolecular fibers over large areas, thereby offering new routes for assembling materials for organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence R Valverde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | | | - Yuecheng Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Songsong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | | | - William L Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Systems Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
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122
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Zhao Y, Saleh AAE, van de Haar MA, Baum B, Briggs JA, Lay A, Reyes-Becerra OA, Dionne JA. Nanoscopic control and quantification of enantioselective optical forces. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:1055-1059. [PMID: 28945237 PMCID: PMC5679370 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light (CPL) exerts a force of different magnitude on left- and right-handed enantiomers, an effect that could be exploited for chiral resolution of chemical compounds as well as controlled assembly of chiral nanostructures. However, enantioselective optical forces are challenging to control and quantify because their magnitude is extremely small (sub-piconewton) and varies in space with sub-micrometre resolution. Here, we report a technique to both strengthen and visualize these forces, using a chiral atomic force microscope probe coupled to a plasmonic optical tweezer. Illumination of the plasmonic tweezer with CPL exerts a force on the microscope tip that depends on the handedness of the light and the tip. In particular, for a left-handed chiral tip, transverse forces are attractive with left-CPL and repulsive with right-CPL. Additionally, total force differences between opposite-handed specimens exceed 10 pN. The microscope tip can map chiral forces with 2 nm lateral resolution, revealing a distinct spatial distribution of forces for each handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should
be addressed to Y. Z. and J. A. D.. ,
| | - Amr A. E. Saleh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of
Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Brian Baum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin A. Briggs
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
94305, USA
| | - Alice Lay
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
94305, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should
be addressed to Y. Z. and J. A. D.. ,
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123
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Jacobs IE, Moulé AJ. Controlling Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703063. [PMID: 28921668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics thrives on the hope of enabling low-cost, solution-processed electronic devices with mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties not available from inorganic semiconductors. A key to the success of these aspirations is the ability to controllably dope organic semiconductors with high spatial resolution. Here, recent progress in molecular doping of organic semiconductors is summarized, with an emphasis on solution-processed p-type doped polymeric semiconductors. Highlighted topics include how solution-processing techniques can control the distribution, diffusion, and density of dopants within the organic semiconductor, and, in turn, affect the electronic properties of the material. Research in these areas has recently intensified, thanks to advances in chemical synthesis, improved understanding of charged states in organic materials, and a focus on relating fabrication techniques to morphology. Significant disorder in these systems, along with complex interactions between doping and film morphology, is often responsible for charge trapping and low doping efficiency. However, the strong coupling between doping, solubility, and morphology can be harnessed to control crystallinity, create doping gradients, and pattern polymers. These breakthroughs suggest a role for molecular doping not only in device function but also in fabrication-applications beyond those directly analogous to inorganic doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Jacobs
- Department of Materials Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Adam J Moulé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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124
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Xue L, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang C, Bin H, Zhang ZG, Qiu B, Li X, Sun C, Gao L, Yao J, Chen X, Yang Y, Xiao M, Li Y. Side Chain Engineering on Medium Bandgap Copolymers to Suppress Triplet Formation for High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703344. [PMID: 28859234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of carrier recombination is critically important in realizing high-efficiency polymer solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated difluoro-substitution of thiophene conjugated side chain on donor polymer can suppress triplet formation for reducing carrier recombination. A new medium bandgap 2D-conjugated D-A copolymer J91 is designed and synthesized with bi(alkyl-difluorothienyl)-benzodithiophene as donor unit and fluorobenzotriazole as acceptor unit, for taking the advantages of the synergistic fluorination on the backbone and thiophene side chain. J91 demonstrates enhanced absorption, low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and higher hole mobility, in comparison with its control polymer J52 without fluorination on the thiophene side chains. The transient absorption spectra indicate that J91 can suppress the triplet formation in its blend film with n-type organic semiconductor acceptor m-ITIC (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(3-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2,3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene). With these favorable properties, a higher power conversion efficiency of 11.63% with high VOC of 0.984 V and high JSC of 18.03 mA cm-2 is obtained for the polymer solar cells based on J91/m-ITIC with thermal annealing. The improved photovoltaic performance by thermal annealing is explained from the morphology change upon thermal annealing as revealed by photoinduced force microscopy. The results indicate that side chain engineering can provide a new solution to suppress carrier recombination toward high efficiency, thus deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Xue
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Yankang Yang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqiu Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Haijun Bin
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenkai Sun
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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125
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Ambrosio A, Jauregui LA, Dai S, Chaudhary K, Tamagnone M, Fogler MM, Basov DN, Capasso F, Kim P, Wilson WL. Mechanical Detection and Imaging of Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8741-8746. [PMID: 28858472 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared nanoimaging and spectroscopy of two-dimensional (2D) materials have been limited so far to scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) experiments, where light from the sample is scattered by a metallic-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip interacting with the material at the nanoscale. These experiments have recently allowed imaging of plasmon polaritons in graphene as well as hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Here we show that the high mechanical sensitivity of an AFM cantilever can be exploited for imaging hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hBN. In our imaging process, the lattice vibrations of hBN micrometer-sized flakes are locally enhanced by the launched phonon polaritons. These enhanced vibrations are coupled to the AFM tip in contact with the sample surface and recorded during scanning. Imaging resolution of Δ/20 is shown (Δ being the polaritonic fringes' separation distance), comparable to the best resolution in s-SNOM. Importantly, this detection mechanism is free from light background, and it is in fact the first photonless detection of phonon polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ambrosio
- CNR-SPIN U.O.S. Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo , Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Siyuan Dai
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dimitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Physics, Columbia University , 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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126
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Zhang ZG, Yang Y, Yao J, Xue L, Chen S, Li X, Morrison W, Yang C, Li Y. Constructing a Strongly Absorbing Low-Bandgap Polymer Acceptor for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Zhang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yankang Yang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 South Korea
| | - Xiaojun Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | | | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 South Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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127
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Zhang ZG, Yang Y, Yao J, Xue L, Chen S, Li X, Morrison W, Yang C, Li Y. Constructing a Strongly Absorbing Low-Bandgap Polymer Acceptor for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13503-13507. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Zhang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yankang Yang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 South Korea
| | - Xiaojun Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | | | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 689-798 South Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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128
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Jin M, Lu F, Belkin MA. High-sensitivity infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy in water. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17096. [PMID: 30167276 PMCID: PMC6062223 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Mikhail A Belkin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
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129
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Wang L, Wang H, Wagner M, Yan Y, Jakob DS, Xu XG. Nanoscale simultaneous chemical and mechanical imaging via peak force infrared microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700255. [PMID: 28691096 PMCID: PMC5482550 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive chemical and mechanical measurements of materials with ~10-nm spatial resolution together with topography provide rich information on the compositions and organizations of heterogeneous materials and nanoscale objects. However, multimodal nanoscale correlations are difficult to achieve because of the limitation on spatial resolution of optical microscopy and constraints from instrumental complexities. We report a novel noninvasive spectroscopic scanning probe microscopy method-peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy-that allows chemical imaging, collection of broadband infrared spectra, and mechanical mapping at a spatial resolution of 10 nm. In our technique, chemical absorption information is directly encoded in the withdraw curve of the peak force tapping cycle after illumination with synchronized infrared laser pulses in a simple apparatus. Nanoscale phase separation in block copolymers and inhomogeneity in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite crystals are studied with correlative infrared/mechanical nanoimaging. Furthermore, we show that the PFIR method is sensitive to the presence of surface phonon polaritons in boron nitride nanotubes. PFIR microscopy will provide a powerful analytical tool for explorations at the nanoscale across wide disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Martin Wagner
- Bruker Nano, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Devon S. Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xiaoji G. Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Corresponding author.
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130
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Shi X, Coca-López N, Janik J, Hartschuh A. Advances in Tip-Enhanced Near-Field Raman Microscopy Using Nanoantennas. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4945-4960. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolás Coca-López
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Janik
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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131
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Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14402. [PMID: 28198384 PMCID: PMC5316859 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared nanospectroscopy enables novel possibilities for chemical and structural analysis of nanocomposites, biomaterials or optoelectronic devices. Here we introduce hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy with a tunable bandwidth-limited laser continuum. We describe the technical implementations and present hyperspectral infrared near-field images of about 5,000 pixel, each one covering the spectral range from 1,000 to 1,900 cm−1. To verify the technique and to demonstrate its application potential, we imaged a three-component polymer blend and a melanin granule in a human hair cross-section, and demonstrate that multivariate data analysis can be applied for extracting spatially resolved chemical information. Particularly, we demonstrate that distribution and chemical interaction between the polymer components can be mapped with a spatial resolution of about 30 nm. We foresee wide application potential of hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging for valuable chemical materials characterization and quality control in various fields ranging from materials sciences to biomedicine. In hyperspectral imaging a broadband spectrum is recorded at each pixel, which creates information-rich images. Here, the authors combine this concept with Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy to achieve 5,000-pixel, nanoscale-resolution images at wavelengths between 5 and 10 micrometres.
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132
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Jacobs IE, Aasen EW, Nowak D, Li J, Morrison W, Roehling JD, Augustine MP, Moulé AJ. Direct-Write Optical Patterning of P3HT Films Beyond the Diffraction Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 27740691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Doping-induced solubility control is a patterning technique for semiconducting polymers, which utilizes the reduction in polymer solubility upon p-type doping to provide direct, optical control of film topography and doping level. In situ direct-write patterning and imaging are demonstrated, revealing sub-diffraction-limited topographic features. Photoinduced force microscopy shows that doping level can be optically modulated with similar resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Jacobs
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Erik W Aasen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Derek Nowak
- Molecular Vista, Inc, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - William Morrison
- Molecular Vista, Inc, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - John D Roehling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Matthew P Augustine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Adam J Moulé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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133
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Handschuh-Wang S, Wang T, Zhou X. Recent advances in hybrid measurement methods based on atomic force microscopy and surface sensitive measurement techniques. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summaries the recent progress of the combination of optical and non-optical surface sensitive techniques with the atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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134
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Fu D, Park K, Delen G, Attila Ö, Meirer F, Nowak D, Park S, Schmidt JE, Weckhuysen BM. Nanoscale infrared imaging of zeolites using photoinduced force microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13012-13014. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06832h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) can probe the structural and catalytic information of functional porous materials at nanometer scale resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglong Fu
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Guusje Delen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Özgün Attila
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joel E. Schmidt
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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135
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Tumkur TU, Yang X, Cerjan B, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Thomann I. Photoinduced Force Mapping of Plasmonic Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7942-7949. [PMID: 27960494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image the optical near-fields of nanoscale structures, map their morphology, and concurrently obtain spectroscopic information, all with high spatiotemporal resolution, is a highly sought-after technique in nanophotonics. As a step toward this goal, we demonstrate the mapping of electromagnetic forces between a nanoscale tip and an optically excited sample consisting of plasmonic nanostructures with an imaging platform based on atomic force microscopy. We present the first detailed joint experimental-theoretical study of this type of photoinduced force microscopy. We show that the enhancement of near-field optical forces in gold disk dimers and nanorods follows the expected plasmonic field enhancements with strong polarization sensitivity. We then introduce a new way to evaluate optically induced tip-sample forces by simulating realistic geometries of the tip and sample. We decompose the calculated forces into in-plane and out-of-plane components and compare the calculated and measured force enhancements in the fabricated plasmonic structures. Finally, we show the usefulness of photoinduced force mapping for characterizing the heterogeneity of near-field enhancements in precisely e-beam fabricated nominally alike nanostructures - a capability of widespread interest for precise nanomanufacturing, SERS, and photocatalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejaswi U Tumkur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Benjamin Cerjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Isabell Thomann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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136
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Huang J, Parobek A, Ganim Z. Octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses by plasma generation in air pumped with an Yb:KGW source. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4855-4858. [PMID: 27805634 PMCID: PMC5135084 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond mid-infrared (IR) supercontinuum generation in gas media provides a broadband source suited for time-domain spectroscopies and microscopies. This technology has largely utilized <100 fs Ti:sapphire pump lasers. In this Letter, we describe the first plasma generation mid-IR source based on a 1030 nm, 171 fs Yb:KGW laser system; when its first three harmonics are focused in air, a conical mode supercontinuum is generated that spans <1000 to 2700 cm-1 with a 190 pJ pulse energy and 0.5% RMS stability.
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