101
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Heffelfinger JR, Nowak RM, Paetkau D. Revisiting revising Mexican wolf historical range: A reply to Hendricks et al. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Paetkau
- Wildlife Genetics International; P. O. Box 274 Nelson British Columbia Canada V1L 5P9
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102
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Hendricks SA, Koblmüller S, Harrigan RJ, Leonard JA, Schweizer RM, Vonholdt BM, Kays R, Wayne RK. Defense of an expanded historical range for the Mexican wolf: A comment on Heffelfinger et al. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Hendricks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies; University of Idaho; Moscow ID USA
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Zoology; University of Graz; Universitätsplatz 2 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ryan J. Harrigan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability; University of California; Los Angeles, 300 LaKretz Hall Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Leonard
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Rena M. Schweizer
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Montana; 32 Campus Dr. Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Bridgett M. Vonholdt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; M151 Guyot Hall Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Biodiversity Lab; Raleigh NC 27601 USA
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California, Los Angeles; 610 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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103
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Bohling JH, Mastro LL, Adams JR, Gese EM, Owen SF, Waits LP. Panmixia and Limited Interspecific Introgression in Coyotes (Canis latrans) from West Virginia and Virginia, USA. J Hered 2017; 108:608-617. [PMID: 28821188 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of coyotes (Canis latrans) into the eastern United States has had major consequences for ecological communities and wildlife managers. Despite this, there has been little investigation of the genetics of coyotes across much of this region, especially outside of the northeast. Understanding patterns of genetic structure and interspecific introgression would provide insights into the colonization history of the species, its response to the modern environment, and interactions with other canids. We examined the genetic characteristics of 121 coyotes from the mid-Atlantic states of West Virginia and Virginia by genotyping 17 polymorphic nuclear DNA microsatellite loci. These genotypes were compared with those from other canid populations to evaluate the extent of genetic introgression. We conducted spatial clustering analyses and spatial autocorrelation to assess genetic structure among sampled coyotes. Coyotes across the 2 states had high genetic diversity, and we found no evidence of genetic structure. Six to sixteen percent of individuals displayed some evidence of genetic introgression from other species depending on the method and criteria used, but the population possessed predominantly coyote ancestry. Our findings suggested introgression from other canid populations has played less of a role in shaping the genetic character of coyotes in these states compared with populations closer to the Canadian border. Coyotes appear to display a panmictic population structure despite high habitat heterogeneity and heavy human influence in the spatial environment, underscoring the adaptability of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Bohling
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
| | - Lauren L Mastro
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jennifer R Adams
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
| | - Eric M Gese
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
| | - Sheldon F Owen
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
| | - Lisette P Waits
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, Christiansburg, VA; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; U.S. Department of Agriculture-APHIS-Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT; West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV
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104
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Fuentes-Pardo AP, Ruzzante DE. Whole-genome sequencing approaches for conservation biology: Advantages, limitations and practical recommendations. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5369-5406. [PMID: 28746784 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome resequencing (WGR) is a powerful method for addressing fundamental evolutionary biology questions that have not been fully resolved using traditional methods. WGR includes four approaches: the sequencing of individuals to a high depth of coverage with either unresolved or resolved haplotypes, the sequencing of population genomes to a high depth by mixing equimolar amounts of unlabelled-individual DNA (Pool-seq) and the sequencing of multiple individuals from a population to a low depth (lcWGR). These techniques require the availability of a reference genome. This, along with the still high cost of shotgun sequencing and the large demand for computing resources and storage, has limited their implementation in nonmodel species with scarce genomic resources and in fields such as conservation biology. Our goal here is to describe the various WGR methods, their pros and cons and potential applications in conservation biology. WGR offers an unprecedented marker density and surveys a wide diversity of genetic variations not limited to single nucleotide polymorphisms (e.g., structural variants and mutations in regulatory elements), increasing their power for the detection of signatures of selection and local adaptation as well as for the identification of the genetic basis of phenotypic traits and diseases. Currently, though, no single WGR approach fulfils all requirements of conservation genetics, and each method has its own limitations and sources of potential bias. We discuss proposed ways to minimize such biases. We envision a not distant future where the analysis of whole genomes becomes a routine task in many nonmodel species and fields including conservation biology.
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105
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Studies of wolf x coyote hybridization via artificial insemination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184342. [PMID: 28863171 PMCID: PMC5581171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the production of western gray wolf (Canis lupus) x western coyote (Canis latrans) hybrids via artificial insemination (AI), the present article documents that the hybrids survived in captivity for at least 4 years and successfully bred with each other. It further reports that backcrossing one of the hybrids to a male gray wolf by AI also resulted in the birth of live pups that have survived for at least 10 months. All male hybrids (F1 and F2) produced sperm by about 10 months of age, and sperm quality of the F1 males fell within the fertile range for domestic dogs, but sperm motility and morphology, in particular, were low in F2 males at 10 months but improved in samples taken at 22 months of age. These studies are relevant to a long-standing controversy about the identity of the red wolf (Canis rufus), the existence of a proposed new species (Canis lycaon) of gray wolf, and to the role of hybridization in mammalian evolution.
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106
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Galaverni M, Caniglia R, Pagani L, Fabbri E, Boattini A, Randi E. Disentangling Timing of Admixture, Patterns of Introgression, and Phenotypic Indicators in a Hybridizing Wolf Population. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2324-2339. [PMID: 28549194 PMCID: PMC5850710 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is a natural or anthropogenic process that can deeply affect the genetic make-up of populations, possibly decreasing individual fitness but sometimes favoring local adaptations. The population of Italian wolves (Canis lupus), after protracted demographic declines and isolation, is currently expanding in anthropic areas, with documented cases of hybridization with stray domestic dogs. However, identifying admixture patterns in deeply introgressed populations is far from trivial. In this study, we used a panel of 170,000 SNPs analyzed with multivariate, Bayesian and local ancestry reconstruction methods to identify hybrids, estimate their ancestry proportions and timing since admixture. Moreover, we carried out preliminary genotype-phenotype association analyses to identify the genetic bases of three phenotypic traits (black coat, white claws, and spur on the hind legs) putative indicators of hybridization. Results showed no sharp subdivisions between nonadmixed wolves and hybrids, indicating that recurrent hybridization and deep introgression might have started mostly at the beginning of the population reexpansion. In hybrids, we identified a number of genomic regions with excess of ancestry in one of the parental populations, and regions with excess or resistance to introgression compared with neutral expectations. The three morphological traits showed significant genotype-phenotype associations, with a single genomic region for black coats and white claws, and with multiple genomic regions for the spur. In all cases the associated haplotypes were likely derived from dogs. In conclusion, we show that the use of multiple genome-wide ancestry reconstructions allows clarifying the admixture dynamics even in highly introgressed populations, and supports their conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galaverni
- Area per la Genetica della Conservazione, ISPRA, Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
- Area Conservazione, WWF Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Caniglia
- Area per la Genetica della Conservazione, ISPRA, Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pagani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Area per la Genetica della Conservazione, ISPRA, Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Boattini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ettore Randi
- Area per la Genetica della Conservazione, ISPRA, Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna, Italy
- Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg, Denmark
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107
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Atickem A, Stenseth NC, Drouilly M, Bock S, Roos C, Zinner D. Deep divergence among mitochondrial lineages in African jackals. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anagaw Atickem
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory; Primate Genetics Laboratory; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Marine Drouilly
- Department of Biological Sciences; Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory; Gene Bank of Primates; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
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108
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vonHoldt BM, Cahill JA, Gronau I, Shapiro B, Wall J, Wayne RK. Response to Hohenlohe et al. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701233. [PMID: 28630935 PMCID: PMC5462503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 03/15/2024]
Abstract
A response to Hohenlohe et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgett M. vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James A. Cahill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ilan Gronau
- Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya 46510, Israel
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jeff Wall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90094, USA
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109
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Hennelly L, Habib B, Root-Gutteridge H, Palacios V, Passilongo D. Howl variation across Himalayan, North African, Indian, and Holarctic wolf clades: tracing divergence in the world's oldest wolf lineages using acoustics. Curr Zool 2017; 63:341-348. [PMID: 29491993 PMCID: PMC5804178 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal divergence within species often corresponds to morphological, environmental, and genetic differences between populations. Wolf howls are long-range signals that encode individual, group, and subspecies differences, yet the factors that may drive this variation are poorly understood. Furthermore, the taxonomic division within the Canis genus remains contended and additional data are required to clarify the position of the Himalayan, North African, and Indian wolves within Canis lupus. We recorded 451 howls from the 3 most basal wolf lineages-Himalayan C. lupus chanco-Himalayan haplotype, North African C. lupus lupaster, and Indian C. lupus pallipes wolves-and present a howl acoustic description within each clade. With an additional 619 howls from 7 Holarctic subspecies, we used a random forest classifier and principal component analysis on 9 acoustic parameters to assess whether Himalayan, North African, and Indian wolf howls exhibit acoustic differences compared to each other and Holarctic wolf howls. Generally, both the North African and Indian wolf howls exhibited high mean fundamental frequency (F0) and short duration compared to the Holarctic clade. In contrast, the Himalayan wolf howls typically had lower mean F0, unmodulated frequencies, and short howls compared to Holarctic wolf howls. The Himalayan and North African wolves had the most acoustically distinct howls and differed significantly from each other and to the Holarctic wolves. Along with the influence of body size and environmental differences, these results suggest that genetic divergence and/or geographic distance may play an important role in understanding howl variation across subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hennelly
- Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Bilal Habib
- Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Vicente Palacios
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Avenue de Blasco Ibáñez, Valéncia 46010, Spain
| | - Daniela Passilongo
- Ricerca sulla Selvaggina e sui Miglioramenti Ambientali a Fini Faunistici (C.I.R.Se.M.A.F.), Piazzale delle Cascine 18, Firenze, 1-50144, Italy
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110
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Hohenlohe PA, Rutledge LY, Waits LP, Andrews KR, Adams JR, Hinton JW, Nowak RM, Patterson BR, Wydeven AP, Wilson PA, White BN. Comment on "Whole-genome sequence analysis shows two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf". SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602250. [PMID: 28630899 PMCID: PMC5462499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome data do not support a recent hybrid origin for red and eastern wolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Linda Y. Rutledge
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1136, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Andrews
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1136, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Adams
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1136, USA
| | - Joseph W. Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Brent R. Patterson
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Paul A. Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Brad N. White
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
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111
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vonHoldt BM, Brzeski KE, Wilcove DS, Rutledge LY. Redefining the Role of Admixture and Genomics in Species Conservation. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin E. Brzeski
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544
| | - David S. Wilcove
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Linda Y. Rutledge
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544
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112
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Benson JF, Loveless KM, Rutledge LY, Patterson BR. Ungulate predation and ecological roles of wolves and coyotes in eastern North America. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:718-733. [PMID: 28064464 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ecological roles of species that influence ecosystem processes is a central goal of ecology and conservation biology. Eastern coyotes (Canis latrans) have ascended to the role of apex predator across much of eastern North America since the extirpation of wolves (Canis spp.) and there has been considerable confusion regarding their ability to prey on ungulates and their ecological niche relative to wolves. Eastern wolves (C. lycaon) are thought to have been the historical top predator in eastern deciduous forests and have previously been characterized as deer specialists that are inefficient predators of moose because of their smaller size relative to gray wolves (C. lupus). We investigated intrinsic and extrinsic influences on per capita kill rates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) during winter by sympatric packs of eastern coyotes, eastern wolves, and admixed canids in Ontario, Canada to clarify the predatory ability and ecological roles of the different canid top predators of eastern North America. Eastern coyote ancestry within packs negatively influenced per capita total ungulate (deer and moose combined) and moose kill rates. Furthermore, canids in packs dominated by eastern coyote ancestry consumed significantly less ungulate biomass and more anthropogenic food than packs dominated by wolf ancestry. Similar to gray wolves in previous studies, eastern wolves preyed on deer where they were available. However, in areas were deer were scarce, eastern wolves killed moose at rates similar to those previously documented for gray wolves at comparable moose densities across North America. Eastern coyotes are effective deer predators, but their dietary flexibility and low kill rates on moose suggest they have not replaced the ecological role of wolves in eastern North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Benson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Karen M Loveless
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Linda Y Rutledge
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Brent R Patterson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
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113
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Roda F, Mendes FK, Hahn MW, Hopkins R. Genomic evidence of gene flow during reinforcement in Texas Phlox. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2317-2330. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roda
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University; 1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA
| | - Fábio K. Mendes
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing; Indiana University; 1001 E. Third Street Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University; 1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA
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114
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Spatial assessment of wolf-dog hybridization in a single breeding period. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42475. [PMID: 28195213 PMCID: PMC5307949 DOI: 10.1038/srep42475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of wolf-dog hybridization and delineating evidence-based conservation strategies requires information on the spatial extent of wolf-dog hybridization in real-time, which remains largely unknown. We collected 332 wolf-like scats over ca. 5,000km2 in the NW Iberian Peninsula to evaluate wolf-dog hybridization at population level in a single breeding/pup-rearing season. Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) and 18 ancestry informative markers were used for species and individual identification, and to detect wolf-dog hybrids. Genetic relatedness was assessed between hybrids and wolves. We identified 130 genotypes, including 67 wolves and 7 hybrids. Three of the hybrids were backcrosses to dog whereas the others were backcrosses to wolf, the latter accounting for a 5.6% rate of introgression into the wolf population. Our results show a previously undocumented scenario of multiple and widespread wolf-dog hybridization events at the population level. However, there is a clear maintenance of wolf genetic identity, as evidenced by the sharp genetic identification of pure individuals, suggesting the resilience of wolf populations to a small amount of hybridization. We consider that real-time population level assessments of hybridization provide a new perspective into the debate on wolf conservation, with particular focus on current management guidelines applied in wolf-dog hybridization events.
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115
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Ersmark E, Klütsch CFC, Chan YL, Sinding MHS, Fain SR, Illarionova NA, Oskarsson M, Uhlén M, Zhang YP, Dalén L, Savolainen P. From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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116
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Evidence for sex-specific reproductive senescence in monogamous cooperatively breeding red wolves. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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117
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Abstract
Understanding the timing and geographic context of dog origins is a crucial component for understanding human history, as well as the evolutionary context in which the morphological and behavioral divergence of dogs from wolves occurred. A substantial challenge to understanding domestication is that dogs have experienced a complicated demographic history. An initial severe bottleneck was associated with domestication followed by postdivergence gene flow between dogs and wolves, as well as population expansions, contractions, and replacements. In addition, because the domestication of dogs occurred in the relatively recent past, much of the observed polymorphism may be shared between dogs and wolves, limiting the power to distinguish between alternative models of dog history. Greater insight into the domestication process will require explicit tests of alternative models of domestication through the joint analysis of whole genomes from modern lineages and ancient wolves and dogs from across Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Freedman
- Informatics Group, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
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