101
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Kaur N, Grewal P, Bhardwaj P, Devi M, Ahlawat N, Verma Y. Synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles using silver metal. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1655767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Meenu Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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102
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Zhang B, Li Y, Jiao M, Ju YW, Chen BZ. Insight into the origins of the reactivity and selectivity for the aminocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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103
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Vega-Peñaloza A, Paria S, Bonchio M, Dell’Amico L, Companyó X. Profiling the Privileges of Pyrrolidine-Based Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis: From Polar to Light-Driven Radical Chemistry. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Suva Paria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell’Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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104
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Ren H, Li GF, Zhu B, Lv XD, Yao LS, Wang XL, Su ZM, Guan W. How Does Iridium(III) Photocatalyst Regulate Nickel(II) Catalyst in Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling? Theoretical and Experimental Insights. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ren
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Lv
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Shuang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Long Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, People’s Republic of China
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105
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Rezayee NM, Lauridsen VH, Næsborg L, Nguyen TVQ, Tobiesen HN, Jørgensen KA. Oxidative organocatalysed enantioselective coupling of indoles with aldehydes that forms quaternary carbon stereocentres. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3586-3591. [PMID: 30996950 PMCID: PMC6432613 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first organocatalysed, metal-free cross-nucleophile coupling of indoles with α-branched aldehydes forming acyclic stereoselective quaternary carbon centres is presented. Applying an amino acid-derived catalyst with suitable organic oxidants affords the desired enantioenriched indole functionalised products with moderate to excellent yield and enantioselectivity. Two metal-free oxidative protocols employing either DDQ or a sequential approach that uses two organocatalysts to facilitate the use of O2 as the terminal oxidant are disclosed. These methods are compatible with various indoles ranging from electron-rich to -deficient substituents at the C-2, -5, -6, and -7-positions reacting with a series of different α-branched aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomaan M Rezayee
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Vibeke H Lauridsen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Thanh V Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
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106
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Bertuzzi G, Thøgersen MK, Giardinetti M, Vidal-Albalat A, Simon A, Houk KN, Jørgensen KA. Catalytic Enantioselective Hetero-[6+4] and -[6+2] Cycloadditions for the Construction of Condensed Polycyclic Pyrroles, Imidazoles, and Pyrazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3288-3297. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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107
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Qian D, Sun J. Recent Progress in Asymmetric Ion‐Pairing Catalysis with Ammonium Salts. Chemistry 2019; 25:3740-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
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108
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Kennington SCD, Taylor AJ, Romea P, Urpí F, Aullón G, Font-Bardia M, Ferré L, Rodrigalvarez J. Direct and Asymmetric Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Construction of Carbon-Carbon Bonds from N-Acyl Thiazinanethiones. Org Lett 2019; 21:305-309. [PMID: 30582705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A wide array of new N-acyl thiazinanethiones are employed in a number of direct and enantioselective carbon-carbon-bond-forming reactions catalyzed by nickel(II) complexes. The electrophilic species are mostly prepared in situ from ortho esters, methyl ethers, acetals, and ketals, which makes the overall process highly efficient and experimentally straightforward. Theoretical calculations indicate that the reactions proceed through an open transition state in a SN1-like mechanism. The utility of this novel procedure has been demonstrated by the asymmetric preparation of synthetically useful intermediates and the total synthesis of peperomin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C D Kennington
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Adam J Taylor
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, CCiTUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Solé i Sabarís 1-3 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Laura Ferré
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Jesus Rodrigalvarez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
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109
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Hemmati S, Mohammadi P, Sedrpoushan A, Maleki B. Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethyl-N-substituted Pyrroles Catalyzed by Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Supported on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1525668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hemmati
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Sedrpoushan
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), 33535111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487, Sabzevar, Iran
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110
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Tan F, Cheng HG. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6151-6164. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This feature article summarises recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of THCs, with emphases on reaction type and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients
- Hubei University of Education
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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111
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Hou ZL, Yang F, Zhou Z, Ao YF, Yao B. Silver-promoted cross-coupling of substituted allyl(trimethyl)silanes with aryl iodides by palladium catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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Zhou Z, Hou ZL, Yang F, Yao B. Oxidative cross-coupling of allyl(trimethyl)silanes with aryl boronic acids by palladium catalysis. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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113
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Differentiation between enamines and tautomerizable imines in the oxidation reaction with TEMPO. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5002. [PMID: 30479335 PMCID: PMC6258700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamine and imine represent two of the most common reaction intermediates in syntheses, and the imine intermediates containing α-hydrogen often exhibit the similar reactivity to enamines due to their rapid tautomerization to enamine tautomers. Herein, we report that the minor structural difference between the enamine and the enamine tautomer derived from imine tautomerization results in the different chemo- and regioselectivity in the reaction of cyclohexanones, amines and TEMPO: the reaction of primary amines furnishes the formal oxygen 1,2-migration product, α-amino-enones, while the reaction of secondary amines under similar conditions generates exclusively arylamines via consecutive dehydrogenation on the cyclohexyl rings. The 18O-labeling experiment for α-amino-enone formation revealed that TEMPO served as oxygen transfer reagent. Experimental and computational studies of reaction mechanisms revealed that the difference in chemo- and regioselectivity could be ascribed to the flexible imine-enamine tautomerization of the imine intermediate containing an α-hydrogen. Tautomerization of imines into enamines is the basis of their similar reactivity; however, minor structural changes may lead to different outcomes. Here, the authors show that the reaction of cyclohexanone and amines in presence of TEMPO affords either α-amino-enones or arylamines depending on the intermediate imine structure.
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114
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Kim Y, Lee E. Stable Organic Radicals Derived from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19110-19121. [PMID: 30058298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials SciencePohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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115
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Leth LA, Næsborg L, Reyes-Rodríguez GJ, Tobiesen HN, Iversen MV, Jørgensen KA. Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of Carboxylic Acids to α-Branched Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12687-12690. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars A. Leth
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc V. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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116
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Wang F, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Relay for Asymmetric Radical Transformations. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2036-2046. [PMID: 30183262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The direct transformation of C-H bonds into diverse functional groups represents one of the most atom- and step-economical strategies for organic synthesis and has received substantial attention over the last few decades. Despite recent advances, asymmetric C-H bond functionalizations are less developed, especially asymmetric oxidations of sp3 C-H bonds. Inspired by enzyme (e.g., P450) catalysis, chemists have made great efforts to develop non-enzymatic systems for enantioselective oxidations of sp3 C-H bonds. However, the involvement of highly reactive radical intermediates makes enantioselective transformations extremely challenging. In this Account, we present our recent studies on the enantioselective induction of prochiral benzylic radicals using a chiral bisoxazoline (Box)/Cu catalytic system. This reaction system was developed on the basis of our extensive studies of copper-catalyzed intermolecular alkene difunctionalizations, such as azidotrifluoromethylations, trifluoromethylcyanations, and trifluoromethylarylations. In these reactions, the proposed catalytic cycle starts from the oxidation of the Cu(I) species by the activated Togni-I reagent (via a Lewis acid/base interaction with a silyl reagent or arylboronic acid) through a single electron transfer process. The generated CF3 radical can efficiently add to the alkene, and the resultant carbon-centered radical is subsequently trapped by an active Cu(II) species bearing a nucleophile (e.g., an N3, CN, or Ar moiety) to form a new C-heteroatom or C-C bond and regenerate the Cu(I) catalyst. Kinetic studies of the trifluoromethylarylation of alkenes support a Cu(I/II/III) catalytic cycle in which the carbon radical reacts with the Cu(II) species to form a highly reactive Cu(III) intermediate and its reductive elimination contributes to the final bond formation. This assumption inspired us to explore asymmetric radical transformations by introducing chiral ligands. Enantioselective cyanations and arylations of benzylic radicals have been demonstrated in the presence of chiral Box/Cu(I) catalysts, and a series of asymmetric difunctionalizations of styrenes have been successfully achieved. In addition, by means of the same benzylic radical trapping process, enantioselective decarboxylative cyanations have been demonstrated using a cooperative photocatalysis and copper catalysis system. Compared with radical addition and decarboxylative processes, hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) provides direct and facile access to benzylic radicals. By using bisbenzenesulfonimidyl radical for HAA, our group has developed an enantioselective cyanation of benzylic C-H bonds via a copper-catalyzed radical relay, and excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity were achieved in the presence of chiral Box/Cu(I) catalysts. In addition, a regioselective benzylic C-H bond arylation proceeding through a similar process was also developed, providing simple access to 1,1-diarylalkanes. Notably, alkyl arenes were used as the limiting reagent in these reactions, which allowed the late-stage functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds in complex molecules, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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117
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Naesborg L, Leth LA, Reyes-Rodríguez GJ, Palazzo TA, Corti V, Jørgensen KA. Direct Enantio- and Diastereoselective Oxidative Homocoupling of Aldehydes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14844-14848. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Naesborg
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Lars A. Leth
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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118
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Ponath S, Menger M, Grothues L, Weber M, Lentz D, Strohmann C, Christmann M. Mechanistic Studies on the Organocatalytic α-Chlorination of Aldehydes: The Role and Nature of Off-Cycle Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ponath
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Menger
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lydia Grothues
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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119
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Ponath S, Menger M, Grothues L, Weber M, Lentz D, Strohmann C, Christmann M. Mechanistic Studies on the Organocatalytic α-Chlorination of Aldehydes: The Role and Nature of Off-Cycle Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11683-11687. [PMID: 29999220 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the isolation and characterization of aminal intermediates in the organocatalytic α-chlorination of aldehydes. These species are stable covalent ternary adducts of the substrate, the catalyst and the chlorinating reagent. NMR-assisted kinetic studies and isotopic labeling experiments with the isolated intermediate did not support its involvement in downstream stereoselective processes as proposed by Blackmond. By tuning the reactivity of the chlorinating reagent, we were able to suppress the accumulation of rate-limiting off-cycle intermediates. As a result, an efficient and highly enantioselective catalytic system with a broad functional group tolerance was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ponath
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Menger
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Grothues
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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120
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht: Welche Bedeutung hat sie für die organische Synthese? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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121
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Visible-Light Photocatalysis: Does It Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10034-10072. [PMID: 29457971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1143] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved over the last decade into a widely used method in organic synthesis. Photocatalytic variants have been reported for many important transformations, such as cross-coupling reactions, α-amino functionalizations, cycloadditions, ATRA reactions, or fluorinations. To help chemists select photocatalytic methods for their synthesis, we compare in this Review classical and photocatalytic procedures for selected classes of reactions and highlight their advantages and limitations. In many cases, the photocatalytic reactions proceed under milder reaction conditions, typically at room temperature, and stoichiometric reagents are replaced by simple oxidants or reductants, such as air, oxygen, or amines. Does visible-light photocatalysis make a difference in organic synthesis? The prospect of shuttling electrons back and forth to substrates and intermediates or to selectively transfer energy through a visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst holds the promise to improve current procedures in radical chemistry and to open up new avenues by accessing reactive species hitherto unknown, especially by merging photocatalysis with organo- or metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Santosh K Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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122
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Tang B, Li WL, Jiao Y, Lu JB, Xu JF, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang X. A supramolecular radical cation: folding-enhanced electrostatic effect for promoting radical-mediated oxidation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5015-5020. [PMID: 29938030 PMCID: PMC5994746 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a supramolecular strategy to promote radical-mediated Fenton oxidation by the rational design of a folded host-guest complex based on cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). In the supramolecular complex between CB[8] and a derivative of 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP), the carbonyl groups of CB[8] and the DPP moiety are brought together through the formation of a folded conformation. In this way, the electrostatic effect of the carbonyl groups of CB[8] is fully applied to highly improve the reactivity of the DPP radical cation, which is the key intermediate of Fenton oxidation. As a result, the Fenton oxidation is extraordinarily accelerated by over 100 times. It is anticipated that this strategy could be applied to other radical reactions and enrich the field of supramolecular radical chemistry in radical polymerization, photocatalysis, and organic radical battery and holds potential in supramolecular catalysis and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Yang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China . ;
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123
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Enhancing the potential of enantioselective organocatalysis with light. Nature 2018; 554:41-49. [PMID: 29388950 DOI: 10.1038/nature25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis-catalysis mediated by small chiral organic molecules-is a powerful technology for enantioselective synthesis, and has extensive applications in traditional ionic, two-electron-pair reactivity domains. Recently, organocatalysis has been successfully combined with photochemical reactivity to unlock previously inaccessible reaction pathways, thereby creating new synthetic opportunities. Here we describe the historical context, scientific reasoning and landmark discoveries that were essential in expanding the functions of organocatalysis to include one-electron-mediated chemistry and excited-state reactivity.
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124
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Lee JTD, Zhao Y. Direct Enantioselective α-Allylation of Unfunctionalized Cyclic Ketones with Alkynes through Pd-Amine Cooperative Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:9520-9524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tu Danence Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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125
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Zhu L, Wang D, Jia Z, Lin Q, Huang M, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative Enamine Transformations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongbin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mouxin Huang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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126
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Pawar TJ, Jiang H, Vázquez MA, Villegas Gómez C, Cruz Cruz D. Aminocatalytic Privileged Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (ApDOS): An Efficient Strategy to Populate Relevant Chemical Spaces. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar J. Pawar
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto. México
| | - Hao Jiang
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto. México
| | - Miguel A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto. México
| | - Clarisa Villegas Gómez
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto. México
| | - David Cruz Cruz
- Departamento de Química; División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Gto. México
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127
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Abstract
A chiral primary amine catalyzed oxidative β-C-H functionalization of ketone is described. The reaction proceeds via ketone enamine oxidation by IBX and enables highly enantioselective remote C-H functionalization of both cyclic and acyclic ketones, generating chiral ketones bearing β-stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
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128
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Gentry EC, Rono LJ, Hale ME, Matsuura R, Knowles RR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindolines via Noncovalent Stabilization of Indole Radical Cations and Applications to the Synthesis of Alkaloid Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3394-3402. [PMID: 29432006 PMCID: PMC5896747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While interest in the synthetic chemistry of radical cations continues to grow, controlling enantioselectivity in the reactions of these intermediates remains a challenge. Based on recent insights into the oxidation of tryptophan in enzymatic systems, we report a photocatalytic method for the generation of indole radical cations as hydrogen-bonded adducts with chiral phosphate anions. These noncovalent open-shell complexes can be intercepted by the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO· to form alkoxyamine-substituted pyrroloindolines with high levels of enantioselectivity. Further elaboration of these optically enriched adducts can be achieved via a catalytic single-electron oxidation/mesolytic cleavage sequence to furnish transient carbocation intermediates that may be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Taken together, this two-step sequence provides a simple catalytic method to access a wide range of substituted pyrroloindolines in enantioenriched form via a standard experimental protocol from a common synthetic intermediate. The design, development, mechanistic study, and scope of this process are presented, as are applications of this method to the synthesis of several dimeric pyrroloindoline natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Gentry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lydia J. Rono
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Martina E. Hale
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
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129
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Moeller KD. Using Physical Organic Chemistry To Shape the Course of Electrochemical Reactions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4817-4833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Moeller
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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130
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Li C, Xiao P, Fang WH, Cui G. Excited-state proton transfer induced [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] photocycloaddition reactions of an oxazoline: Mechanism and selectivity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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131
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Wang D, Zhang L, Luo S. Visible Light Promoted β-C-H Alkylation of β-Ketocarbonyls via
a β-Enaminyl Radical Intermediate. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
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132
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Desymmetrizing Dehydrogenation of 4-Substituted Cyclohexanones through Enamine Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Basic Molecular Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Basic Molecular Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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133
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Zhu L, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Desymmetrizing Dehydrogenation of 4-Substituted Cyclohexanones through Enamine Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2253-2258. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Basic Molecular Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100490 China
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Basic Molecular Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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134
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Wu F, Wang L, Chen J, Nicewicz DA, Huang Y. Direct Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aldehydes via Visible-Light Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2174-2178. [PMID: 29316099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are among the most versatile functional groups for synthetic chemistry. However, access to polysubstituted alkyl aldehydes is very limited and requires lengthy synthetic routes that involve multiple-step functional-group conversion. This paper reports a one-step synthesis of polysubstituted aldehydes from readily available olefin substrates using visible-light photoredox catalysis. Despite a number of competing reaction pathways, commercial styrenes react with vinyl ethers selectively in the presence of an acridinium salt photooxidant and a disulfide hydrogen-atom-transfer catalyst under blue LED irradiation. Alkyl aldehydes with different substitution patterns are prepared in good yields. This strategy can be applied to structurally sophisticated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Leifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen SynLED Technology Limited, 2-104, BIO-Incubator, Gaoxin C, 1st Ave., Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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135
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Robinson EE, Thomson RJ. A Strategy for the Convergent and Stereoselective Assembly of Polycyclic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1956-1965. [PMID: 29309727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective oxidative coupling of cyclic ketones via silyl bis-enol ethers followed by ring-closing metathesis is shown to be a general and powerful reaction sequence for the preparation of diverse polycyclic scaffolds from simple precursors. The modular strategy successfully constructs substructures prevalent in numerous bioactive natural product families, varying in substitution and carbocyclic composition. Several of the prepared compounds were shown to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines. The utility of this strategy was further demonstrated by a concise and highly convergent 17-step formal synthesis of the complex antimalarial marine diterpene, (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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136
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Wu F, Wang L, Chen J, Nicewicz DA, Huang Y. Direct Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aldehydes via Visible-Light Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Leifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen SynLED Technology Limited; 2-104, BIO-Incubator, Gaoxin C, 1st Ave., Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University; Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
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137
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Wang K, Kong W. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Radical Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District; Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District; Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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138
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Li Q, Zhou L, Shen XD, Yang KC, Zhang X, Dai QS, Leng HJ, Li QZ, Li JL. Stereoselective Construction of Halogenated Quaternary Carbon Centers by Brønsted Base Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of α-Haloaldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1913-1917. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xu-Dong Shen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Kai-Chuan Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qing-Song Dai
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 China
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139
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Li Q, Zhou L, Shen XD, Yang KC, Zhang X, Dai QS, Leng HJ, Li QZ, Li JL. Stereoselective Construction of Halogenated Quaternary Carbon Centers by Brønsted Base Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of α-Haloaldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xu-Dong Shen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Kai-Chuan Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qing-Song Dai
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 China
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140
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Naesborg L, Corti V, Leth LA, Poulsen PH, Jørgensen KA. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative γ-Coupling of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1606-1610. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Naesborg
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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141
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Naesborg L, Corti V, Leth LA, Poulsen PH, Jørgensen KA. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative γ-Coupling of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Naesborg
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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142
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Ye L, Gu QS, Tian Y, Meng X, Chen GC, Liu XY. Radical asymmetric intramolecular α-cyclopropanation of aldehydes towards bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes containing vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29335407 PMCID: PMC5768789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a general catalytic method for the direct and stereoselective construction of cyclopropanes bearing highly congested vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters remains a formidable challenge in chemical synthesis. Here, we report an intramolecular radical cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes with simple α-methylene group of aldehydes as C1 source via a Cu(I)/secondary amine cooperative catalyst, which enables the single-step construction of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane skeletons with excellent efficiency, broad substrate scope covering various terminal, internal alkenes as well as diverse (hetero)aromatic, alkenyl, alkyl-substituted geminal alkenes. Moreover, this reaction has been successfully realized to an asymmetric transformation, providing an attractive approach for the construction of enantioenriched bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes bearing two crucial vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters with good to excellent enantioselectivity. The utility of this method is illustrated by facile transformations of the products into various useful chiral synthetic intermediates. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a stepwise radical process for this formal [2 + 1] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Cong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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143
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Yamashita Y, Igarashi R, Suzuki H, Kobayashi S. Catalytic alkylation reactions of weakly acidic carbonyl and related compounds using alkenes as electrophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5969-5972. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic alkylation reactions of weakly acidic carbonyl and related pronucleophiles such as amides, esters, and sulfonamides with substituted alkenes have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Ryo Igarashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
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144
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Kano T, Maruyama H, Homma C, Maruoka K. Chiral amine-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes to α-phenylselenoenones as formal Z-allylating agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:176-179. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Selenoenones could be employed as Z-allyl precursors in the chiral amine-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Chihiro Homma
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
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145
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Kennington SCD, Gómez-Palomino A, Salomó E, Romea P, Urpí F, Font-Bardia M. General and stereoselective aminoxylation of biradical titanium(iv) enolates with TEMPO: a detailed study on the effect of the chiral auxiliary. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4807-4815. [PMID: 29915837 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the influence of the chiral auxiliary on the α-aminoxylation of titanium(iv) enolates with TEMPO indicated that (S) 4-tert-butyl-1-oxazolidine-2-thione is the most appropriate scaffold to provide a single diastereomer in high yields for a variety of substrates, which converts such a radical reaction into a highly chemo- and stereoselective oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C D Kennington
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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146
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Dong S, Xu W, Guo H, Yan W, Zhang M, Li F. Effects of substituents on luminescent efficiency of stable triaryl methyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18657-18662. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The factors affecting the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of perchlorotriphenyl methyl (PTM) and tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical derivatives were studied systematically for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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147
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Yang L, Wei L, Wan JP. Redox neutral [4+2] benzannulation of dienals and tertiary enaminones for benzaldehyde synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7475-7478. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The [4+2] benzannulation reactions between tertiary enaminones and dienals have been developed for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized benzaldehydes, providing a new access to benzaldehydes alongside the classical formylation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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148
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Wang H, Chen X, Li Y, Wang J, Wu S, Xue W, Yang S, Chi YR. Addition of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst to Aryl Esters Induces Remote C–Si Bond Activation and Benzylic Carbon Functionalization. Org Lett 2017; 20:333-336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jilan Wang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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149
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Kim Y, Kim K, Lee E. Oxime Ether Radical Cations Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:262-265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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150
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Kim Y, Kim K, Lee E. Oxime Ether Radical Cations Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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