101
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Yin B, Fu M, Wang L, Liu J, Zhu Q. Dual ligand-promoted palladium-catalyzed nondirected C-H alkenylation of aryl ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3293-3296. [PMID: 32073080 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization of aryl ethers remains challenging owing to their low reactivity and selectivity. Herein, a novel strategy for nondirected C-H alkenylation of aryl ethers promoted by a dual ligand catalyst was demonstrated. This catalytic system readily achieved the highly efficient alkenylation of alkyl aryl ethers (anisole, phenetole, n-propyl phenyl ether, n-butyl phenyl ether and benzyl phenyl ether), cyclic aryl ethers (1,4-benzodioxan, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, dibenzofuran), and diphenyl oxides. Moreover, the proposed methodology was successfully employed for the late-stage modification of complex drugs containing the aryl ether motif. Interestingly, the compounds developed herein displayed fluorescent properties, which would facilitate their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Manlin Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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102
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Fan Z, Bay KL, Chen X, Zhuang Z, Park HS, Yeung K, Houk KN, Yu J. Rational Development of Remote C−H Functionalization of Biphenyl: Experimental and Computational Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Katherine L. Bay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Kap‐Sun Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development 100 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jin‐Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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103
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Fan Z, Bay KL, Chen X, Zhuang Z, Park HS, Yeung KS, Houk KN, Yu JQ. Rational Development of Remote C-H Functionalization of Biphenyl: Experimental and Computational Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4770-4777. [PMID: 31943648 PMCID: PMC7064431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient nitrile-directed meta-C-H olefination, acetoxylation, and iodination of biaryl compounds is reported. Compared to the previous approach of installing a complex U-shaped template to achieve a molecular U-turn and assemble the large-sized cyclophane transition state for the remote C-H activation, a synthetically useful phenyl nitrile functional group could also direct remote meta-C-H activation. This reaction provides a useful method for the modification of biaryl compounds because the nitrile group can be readily converted to amines, acids, amides, or other heterocycles. Notably, the remote meta-selectivity of biphenylnitriles could not be expected from previous results with a macrocyclophane nitrile template. DFT computational studies show that a ligand-containing Pd-Ag heterodimeric transition state (TS) favors the desired remote meta-selectivity. Control experiments demonstrate the directing effect of the nitrile group and exclude the possibility of non-directed meta-C-H activation. Substituted 2-pyridone ligands were found to be key in assisting the cleavage of the meta-C-H bond in the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katherine L Bay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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104
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Hao HY, Mao YJ, Xu ZY, Lou SJ, Xu DQ. Selective Cross-Dehydrogenative C(sp 3)-H Arylation with Arenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:2396-2402. [PMID: 32124610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond construction is of central interest in chemical synthesis. Despite the success of classic cross-coupling reactions, the cross-dehydrogenative coupling between inert C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds represents an attractive alternative toward new C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. Herein, we establish a selective inter- and intramolecular C(sp3)-H arylation of alcohols with nondirected arenes that thereby provides a general pathway to access a wide range of β-arylated alcohols, including tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ols and benzopyran-3-ols, with high to excellent chemo- and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Hao
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Jie Mao
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jie Lou
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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105
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Xu M, Wang C, Jiang W, Xiao B. Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic Germatranes via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Activation/Annulation with Alkynyl Germatranes and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Yu Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Tao Jiang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People's Republic of China
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106
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Carrow BP, Sampson J, Wang L. Base-Assisted C-H Bond Cleavage in Cross-Coupling: Recent Insights into Mechanism, Speciation, and Cooperativity. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:230-258. [PMID: 32669731 PMCID: PMC7363398 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes recent mechanistic studies that have provided new insights into how the structure of a metal complex influences the rate and selectivity of base-assisted C-H cleavage. Partitioning a broader mechanistic continuum into classes delimited by the polarization between catalyst and substrate during C-H cleavage is postulated as a method to identify catalysts favoring electrophilic or nucleophilic reactivity patterns, which may be predictive based on structural features of the metal complex (i.e., oxidation state, d-electron count, charge). Multi-metallic cooperativity and polynuclear speciation also provide new avenues to affect energy barriers for C-H cleavage and site selectivity beyond the limitations of single metal catalysts. An improved understanding of mechanistic nuances and structure-activity relationships on this important bond activation step carries important implications for efficiency and controllable site selectivity in non-directed C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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107
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Rare‐Earth‐Catalyzed C−H Silylation of Aromatic Heterocycles with Hydrosilanes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:753-756. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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108
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Dorel R, Boehm P, Schwinger DP, Hartwig JF. Copper-Mediated Fluorination of Aryl Trisiloxanes with Nucleophilic Fluoride. Chemistry 2020; 26:1759-1762. [PMID: 31872488 PMCID: PMC7266656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method for the nucleophilic fluorination of heptamethyl aryl trisiloxanes to form fluoroarenes is reported. The reaction proceeds in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 and KHF2 as the fluoride source under mild conditions for a broad range of heptamethyltrisiloxyarenes with high functional group tolerance. The combination of this method with the silylation of aryl C-H bonds enables the regioselective fluorination of non-activated arenes controlled by steric effects following a two-step protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Philip Boehm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel P Schwinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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109
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site-Selective Late-Stage Aromatic [ 18 F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1956-1960. [PMID: 31697427 PMCID: PMC7004179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds in small complex molecules is a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a broadly applicable and site-selective aromatic C-H dibenzothiophenylation reaction. The conceptual advantage of this transformation is further demonstrated through the two-step C-H [18 F]fluorination of a series of marketed small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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110
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Chen W, Li HJ, Li QY, Wu YC. Direct oxidative coupling of N-acyl pyrroles with alkenes by ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C2-alkenylation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:500-513. [PMID: 31850444 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed oxidative coupling by C2-alkenylation of N-acyl pyrroles with alkenes has been described. The acyl unit was found to be an effective chelating group for the activation of aryl C-H bonds ortho to the directing group. The alkenylation reaction of benzoyl pyrroles occurred regioselectively at the C2-position of the pyrrole ring, without touching the benzene ring. The reaction provides exclusively monosubstituted pyrroles under the optimized conditions. Disubstituted pyrroles could be obtained using higher loadings of the ruthenium(ii)-catalyst and the additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Weihai Road, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
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111
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112
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Iridium-Catalyzed Silylation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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113
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Hayashi S, Takamatsu R, Takeda S, Noji M, Takanami T. Central zinc metal-controlled regioselective meso-bromination of zincated β-silylporphyrins—rapid access to meso,β-dual-functionalized porphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9791-9795. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method for preparing meso,β-dual-functionalized porphyrin through a central zinc metal-controlled regioselective bromination of zincated β-silylporphyrin was developed.
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114
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Aromatic [
18
F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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115
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Li R, Zhou Y, Xu X, Dong G. Direct Vicinal Difunctionalization of Thiophenes Enabled by the Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18958-18963. [PMID: 31744291 PMCID: PMC7075341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a direct vicinal difunctionalization of thiophenes via the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. A series of mono- and disubstituted thiophenes can be difunctionalized site-selectively and regioselectively at the C4 and C5 positions in good yields, enabled by an arsine ligand and a unique amide-based NBE. The synthetic utility has been shown in derivatizations of complex bioactive compounds and an open-flask gram-scale preparation. Preliminary results have been obtained in the difunctionalization of furans and a direct C4-selective arylation of 2-substituted thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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116
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Liu S, Lin Q, Liao C, Chen J, Zhang K, Liu Q, Li B. Ruthenium(ii)/acetate catalyzed intermolecular dehydrogenative ortho C-H silylation of 2-aryl N-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4115-4120. [PMID: 30968915 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00609e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first application of a RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3-OAc catalytic system on the selective intermolecular mono C-H silylation of 2-aryl N-heterocycles using HSiEt3 as the silylating reagent has been described. This protocol features good functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity, and has potential for gram scale-up, which provides a convenient and practical pathway for the synthesis of versatile organosilane compounds. This catalytic system can also be applied to the silylation of challenging sp3 C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
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117
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118
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Mondal A, Chen H, Flämig L, Wedi P, van Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled Late-Stage C–H Alkynylation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18662-18667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lea Flämig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Wedi
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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119
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González J, Schäfer P, Fletcher SP. Highly Enantioselective Hiyama Cross-Coupling via Rh-Catalyzed Allylic Arylation of Racemic Allyl Chlorides. Organometallics 2019; 38:3991-3995. [PMID: 32055086 PMCID: PMC7009026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective Hiyama cross-coupling reactions have been achieved through rhodium(I)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations between aryl siloxanes and cyclic racemic allyl halides. This process affords valuable enantiomerically enriched aryl-substituted cyclic allyl products and is compatible with heterocyclic allyl chloride electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús González
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Schäfer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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120
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121
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Mihai MT, Williams BD, Phipps RJ. Para-Selective C-H Borylation of Common Arene Building Blocks Enabled by Ion-Pairing with a Bulky Countercation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15477-15482. [PMID: 31382747 PMCID: PMC6777044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of C-H bonds at the arene para position is highly challenging using transition metal catalysis. Iridium-catalyzed borylation has emerged as a leading technique for arene functionalization, but there are only a handful of strategies for para-selective borylation, which operate on specific substrate classes and use bespoke ligands or catalysts. We describe a remarkably general protocol which results in para-selectivity on some of the most common arene building blocks (anilines, benzylamines, phenols, benzyl alcohols) and uses standard borylation ligands. Our strategy hinges upon the facile conversion of the substrates into sulfate or sulfamate salts, wherein the anionic arene component is paired with a tetrabutylammonium cation. We hypothesize that the bulk of this cation disfavors meta-C-H borylation, thereby promoting the challenging para-selective reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina T Mihai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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122
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Brand S, Elsen H, Langer J, Grams S, Harder S. Calcium-Catalyzed Arene C-H Bond Activation by Low-Valent Al I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15496-15503. [PMID: 31465144 PMCID: PMC6856855 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The low‐valent ß‐diketiminate complex (DIPPBDI)Al is stable in benzene but addition of catalytic quantities of [(DIPPBDI)CaH]2 at 20 °C led to (DIPPBDI)Al(Ph)H (DIPPBDI=CH[C(CH3)N‐DIPP]2, DIPP=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). Similar Ca‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is demonstrated for toluene or p‐xylene. For toluene a remarkable selectivity for meta‐functionalization has been observed. Reaction of (DIPPBDI)Al(m‐tolyl)H with I2 gave m‐tolyl iodide, H2 and (DIPPBDI)AlI2 which was recycled to (DIPPBDI)Al. Attempts to catalyze this reaction with Mg or Zn hydride catalysts failed. Instead, the highly stable complexes (DIPPBDI)Al(H)M(DIPPBDI) (M=Mg, Zn) were formed. DFT calculations on the Ca hydride catalyzed arene alumination suggest that a similar but more loosely bound complex is formed: (DIPPBDI)Al(H)Ca(DIPPBDI). This is in equilibrium with the hydride bridged complex (DIPPBDI)Al(μ‐H)Ca(DIPPBDI) which shows strongly increased electron density at Al. The combination of Ca‐arene bonding and a highly nucleophilic Al center are key to facile C−H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Brand
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samuel Grams
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Wang D, Zhao Y, Yuan C, Wen J, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Biaryl‐Type Monophosphines with Hydrosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12529-12533. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Chengkai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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125
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Murata M, Maeda Y. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Functional-Group-Directed C-H Silylation and Borylation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology
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Wang D, Zhao Y, Yuan C, Wen J, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Biaryl‐Type Monophosphines with Hydrosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Chengkai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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127
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Zanchin G, Gavezzoli A, Bertini F, Ricci G, Leone G. Homo- and Copolymerization of Ethylene with Norbornene Catalyzed by Vanadium(III) Phosphine Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112088. [PMID: 31159332 PMCID: PMC6600629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene (E) with norbornene (NB) catalyzed by vanadium(III) phosphine complexes of the type VCl3(PMenPh3-n)2 [n = 2 (1a), 1 (1b)] and VCl3(PR3)2 [R = phenyl (Ph, 1c), cyclohexyl (Cy, 1d), tert-butyl (tBu, 1e)]. In the presence of Et2AlCl and Cl3CCOOEt (ETA), 1a-1e exhibit good activities for the polymerization of ethylene, affording linear, semicrystalline PEs with a melting temperature of approximately 130 °C. Mainly alternating copolymers with high comonomer incorporation were obtained in the E/NB copolymerization. A relationship was found between the electronic and steric properties of the phosphine ligands and the catalytic performance. Overall, the presence of electron-withdrawing ligand substituents increases the productivity, complexes with aryl phosphine (weaker σ-donor character) exhibiting a higher (co)polymerization initiation rate than those with alkyl phosphines (stronger σ-donor character). Steric effects also seem to play a key role since 1d and 1e, having large size phosphines (PCy3 θ = 170° and PtBu3 θ = 182°, respectively) are more active than 1a (PMe2Ph θ = 122°). In this case, the larger size of PtBu3 and PCy3 likely compensates for their higher donor strength compared to PMe2Ph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zanchin
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessia Gavezzoli
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Bertini
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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128
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Rampon DS, Luz EQ, Lima DB, Balaguez RA, Schneider PH, Alves D. Transition metal catalysed direct selanylation of arenes and heteroarenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9851-9905. [PMID: 31120472 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H functionalization has reached an exciting level of sophistication, and, today, it represents a paradigm shift from the standard logic of synthetic chemistry. The direct conversion of C-H bonds into C-heteroatoms remains, however, a critical challenge. Nowadays, there is a great demand in general synthetic chemistry in, for example, the materials science for the development of straightforward C-Se bond formation, in order to fulfil the practical requirements. In this sense, this review summarizes recent outstanding advances in the C-Se bond formation through transition metal-catalysed direct selanylation, providing new insights into their mechanistic aspects and disclosing effective synthetic routes with high atom economy. In addition, this review intends to show the growing opportunities to construct complex chemical scaffolds containing selenium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise - LAPOCA - Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Q Luz
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise - LAPOCA - Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - David B Lima
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise - LAPOCA - Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Renata A Balaguez
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa, LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa, LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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129
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Pattanaik S, Gunanathan C. Cobalt-Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Disiloxanes and Hydrodisiloxanes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Pattanaik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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130
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Zugang zu
meta
‐ und
para
‐C(sp
2
)‐H‐Bindungen mithilfe kovalent gebundener dirigierender Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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131
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Dey A, Sinha SK, Achar TK, Maiti D. Accessing Remote meta- and para-C(sp 2 )-H Bonds with Covalently Attached Directing Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10820-10843. [PMID: 30496638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Directing group assisted ortho-C-H activation has been known for the last few decades. In contrast, extending the same approach to achieve activation of the distal meta- and para-C-H bonds in aromatic molecules remained elusive for a long time. The main challenge is the conception of a macrocyclic transition state, which is needed to anchor the metal catalyst close to the target bond. Judicious modification of the chain length, the tether linkage, and the nature of the catalyst-coordinating donor atom has led to a number of successful studies in the last few years. This Review compiles the significant achievements made in this field of both meta- and para-selectivity using covalently attached directing groups, which are systematically classified on the basis of their mode of covalent attachment to the substrate as well as their chemical nature. This Review aims to create a more heuristic approach for recognizing the suitability of the directing groups for use in future organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Achar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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132
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Rand AW, Montgomery J. Catalytic reduction of aryl trialkylammonium salts to aryl silanes and arenes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5338-5344. [PMID: 31191891 PMCID: PMC6540906 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl trialkylammonium salts serve as versatile substrates for nickel-catalyzed reductions, allowing access to functionalized arenes and aryl silanes.
A new approach for the reduction of aryl ammonium salts to arenes or aryl silanes using nickel catalysis is reported. This method displays excellent ligand-controlled selectivity based on the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand employed. Utilizing a large NHC in non-polar solvents generates aryl silanes, while small NHCs in polar solvents promote reduction to arenes. Several classes of aryl silanes can be accessed from simple aniline building blocks, including those useful for cross-couplings, oxidations, and halogenations. The reaction conditions are mild, functional group tolerant, and provide efficient access to a variety of benzene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Rand
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , MI 48109-1055 , USA .
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave. , Ann Arbor , MI 48109-1055 , USA .
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133
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Karmel C, Chen Z, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Silylation of C-H Bonds in Unactivated Arenes: A Sterically Encumbered Phenanthroline Ligand Accelerates Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7063-7072. [PMID: 30971087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new system for the silylation of aryl C-H bonds. The combination of [Ir(cod)(OMe)]2 and 2,9-Me2-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2-phen) catalyzes the silylation of arenes at lower temperatures and with faster rates than those reported previously, when the hydrogen byproduct is removed, and with high functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. Inhibition of reactions by the H2 byproduct is shown to limit the silylation of aryl C-H bonds in the presence of the most active catalysts, thereby masking their high activity. Analysis of initial rates uncovered the high reactivity of the catalyst containing the sterically hindered 2,9-Me2-phen ligand but accompanying rapid inhibition by hydrogen. With this catalyst, under a flow of nitrogen to remove hydrogen, electron-rich arenes, including those containing sensitive functional groups, undergo silylation in high yield for the first time, and arenes that underwent silylation with prior catalysts react over much shorter times with lower catalyst loadings. The synthetic value of this methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of key intermediates in the synthesis of medicinally important compounds in concise sequences comprising silylation and functionalization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the cleavage of the aryl C-H bond is reversible and that the higher rates observed with the 2,9-Me2-phen ligand are due to a more thermodynamically favorable oxidative addition of aryl C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Karmel
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Zhewei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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134
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Insights into the role of noncovalent interactions in distal functionalization of the aryl C(sp 2)-H bond. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3826-3835. [PMID: 31015924 PMCID: PMC6457332 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning interest in distal functionalization of aryl C-H bonds led to the development of iridium-catalyzed borylation reactions. The significance and inadequate mechanistic understanding of C(sp2)-H borylations motivated us to investigate the key catalytic steps and the origin of a directing-group-free regiocontrol in the reaction between aryl amides and B2pin2 (bis(pinacolato)diboron). An Ir(iii)(ubpy)tris(boryl) complex, generated from the pre-catalyst [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 by the action of a bipyridine-urea ligand (ubpy) and B2pin2, is considered as the most likely active catalyst. The meta C-H activation of N,N-dihexylbenzamide is energetically more favorable over the para isomer. The origin of this preference is traced to the presence of a concerted action of noncovalent interactions (NCIs), primarily between the catalyst and the substrate, in the regiocontrolling transition states (TSs). Molecular insights into such TSs revealed that the N-H···O interaction between the tethered urea moiety of the Ir-bound ubpy ligand of the catalyst and the amide carbonyl of the substrate is a critical interaction that helps orient the meta C-H bond nearer to iridium. Other NCIs such as C-H···π between the substrate and the catalyst, C-H···O involving the substrate C-H and the oxygen of the B2pin2 ligand and C-H···N between the substrate and the N atom of the Ir-bound ubpy confirm the significance of such interactions in providing the desirable differential energies between the competing TSs that form the basis of the extent of regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India .
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India .
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135
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Liu S, Pan P, Fan H, Li H, Wang W, Zhang Y. Photocatalytic C-H silylation of heteroarenes by using trialkylhydrosilanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3817-3825. [PMID: 31015923 PMCID: PMC6457191 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient and selective C-H silylation of heteroarenes, especially the pharmaceutically relevant electron-deficient heteroarenes, represents a great challenge in organic synthesis. Herein we wish to report a distinctive visible light-promoted photocatalytic C-H silylation approach that enables the direct coupling of trialkylhydrosilanes with both electron-deficient and -rich heteroarenes as well as with cyano-substituted arenes in moderate to high yields and with good regioselectivity. The protocol features operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and the use of safe and readily available Na2S2O8, bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide (BTMSPO) or iPr3SiSH as the radical initiators. Notably, the challenging bulky and inert trialkylhydrosilanes, such as (t-butyldimethyl)silane ( t BuMe2SiH) and (triisopropyl)silane (iPr3SiH), work smoothly with the protocol. Moreover, despite the higher stability of t BuMe2Si silylation products, our studies revealed their great reactivity and versatility in diverse C-Si-based chemical transformations, providing an operationally simple, low-cost, and environmentally benign synthetic technology for molecule construction and elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Peng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Huaqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , BIO5 Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0207 , USA
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China . ;
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136
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Wang B, Zhou Y, Xu N, Xu X, Xu X, Jin Z. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Remote meta-C-H Functionalization of Aromatic Tertiary Amines. Org Lett 2019; 21:1885-1889. [PMID: 30821983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed remote C-H olefination of aromatic tertiary amines was achieved with high meta selectivity. With the assistance of an elaborated template, C-H functionalization of unreactive aryl tertiary amines, hindered by the p-π conjugation between the lone-pair electrons of the nitrogen atom and the phenyl ring, was realized with high meta regioselectivity via a quaternary ammonium salt assembly. The results demonstrate that apart from the distance and geometry of the template, the conformation of the arene substrate also plays a crucial role in the templated-assisted remote C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Niuniu Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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137
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Site-selective and versatile aromatic C-H functionalization by thianthrenation. Nature 2019; 567:223-228. [PMID: 30867606 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization can quickly increase useful structural and functional molecular complexity1-3. Site selectivity can sometimes be achieved through appropriate directing groups or substitution patterns1-4-in the absence of such functionality, most aromatic C-H functionalization reactions provide more than one product isomer for most substrates1,4,5. Development of a C-H functionalization reaction that proceeds with high positional selectivity and installs a functional group that can serve as a synthetic linchpin for further functionalization would provide access to a large variety of well-defined arene derivatives. Here we report a highly selective aromatic C-H functionalization reaction that does not require a particular directing group or substitution pattern to achieve selectivity, and provides functionalized arenes that can participate in various transformations. We introduce a persistent sulfur-based radical to functionalize complex arenes with high selectivity and obtain thianthrenium salts that are ready to engage in different transformations, via both transition-metal and photoredox catalysis. This transformation differs fundamentally from all previous aromatic C-H functionalization reactions in that it provides direct access to a large number of derivatives of complex small molecules, quickly generating functional diversity with selectivity that is not achievable by other methods.
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138
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Liu S, Zhang S, Lin Q, Huang Y, Li B. Ruthenium(II) Acetate Catalyzed Synthesis of Silylated Oxazoles via C-H Silylation and Dehalogenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:1134-1138. [PMID: 30707034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ruthenium(II)-catalyzed intermolecular selective ortho C-H silylation of 2-aryloxazoles has been described for the first time, which provides a convenient and practical pathway for the synthesis of versatile organosilane compounds with good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. This catalytic system could be also applied to the dehalogenation of Cl or Br group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , 22 Dongchengcun , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
| | - Shiling Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , 22 Dongchengcun , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
| | - Qiao Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , 22 Dongchengcun , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , 22 Dongchengcun , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , 22 Dongchengcun , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
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139
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Xu J, Chen J, Gao F, Xie S, Xu X, Jin Z, Yu JQ. Sequential Functionalization of meta-C-H and ipso-C-O Bonds of Phenols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1903-1907. [PMID: 30665300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of a template as a linchpin motif in directed remote C-H functionalization is a versatile yet relatively underexplored strategy. We have developed a template-directed approach to realizing one-pot sequential palladium-catalyzed meta-selective C-H olefination of phenols, and nickel-catalyzed ipso-C-O activation and arylation. Thus, this bifunctional template converts phenols to synthetically useful 1,3-disubstituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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140
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Goncharova IK, Silaeva KP, Arzumanyan AV, Anisimov AA, Milenin SA, Novikov RA, Solyev PN, Tkachev YV, Volodin AD, Korlyukov AA, Muzafarov AM. Aerobic Co-/N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Catalyzed Oxidation of p-Tolylsiloxanes to p-Carboxyphenylsiloxanes: Synthesis of Functionalized Siloxanes as Promising Building Blocks for Siloxane-Based Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2143-2151. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina K. Goncharova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniia P. Silaeva
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Ashot V. Arzumanyan
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A. Anisimov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Milenin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya Street, Moscow 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel N. Solyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav V. Tkachev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Volodin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Aziz M. Muzafarov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya Street, Moscow 117393, Russian Federation
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141
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Li M, Shang M, Xu H, Wang X, Dai HX, Yu JQ. Remote Para-C–H Acetoxylation of Electron-Deficient Arenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:540-544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Ming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Road Zu Chong Zhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Road Zu Chong Zhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Road Zu Chong Zhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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142
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Nakao Y, Okumura S, Ebara T, Semba K. Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Site-Selective C-H Alkylation by Cooperative Nickel/Aluminum Catalysis. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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143
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Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. Regioselective 1,2-hydroboration of N-heteroarenes using a potassium-based catalyst. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Regioselective hydroboration of quinolines achieved using a potassium-based catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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144
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Du P, Zhao J. Comparative DFT study of metal-free Lewis acid-catalyzed C–H and N–H silylation of (hetero)arenes: mechanistic studies and expansion of catalyst and substrate scope. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37675-37685. [PMID: 35542279 PMCID: PMC9075773 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct selective dehydrogenative silylation of thiophenes, pyridines, indoles and anilines to synthesize silyl-substituted aromatic compounds catalyzed by metal-free Lewis acids was achieved recently. However, there is still insufficient mechanistic data for these transformations. Using density functional theory calculations, we conducted a detailed investigation of the mechanism of the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed dehydrogenative silylation of N-methylindole, N,N-dimethylaniline and N-methylaniline. We successfully located the most favourable reaction pathways that can explain the experimental observations notably well. The most favourable pathway for B(C6F5)3-catalyzed C–H silylation of N-methylindole includes nucleophilic attack, proton abstraction and hydride migration. The C–H silylation of N,N-dimethylaniline follows a similar pathway to N-methylindole rather than that proposed by Hou's group. Our mechanism successfully explains that the transformations of N-methylindoline to N-methylindole produce different products at different temperatures. For N-methylaniline bearing both N–H and para-phenyl C–H bonds, the N–H silylation reaction is more facile than the C–H silylation reaction. Our proposed mechanism of N–H silylation of N-methylaniline is different from that proposed by the groups of Paradies and Stephan. Lewis acids Al(C6F5)3, Ga(C6F5)3 and B(2,6-Cl2C6H3)(p-HC6F4)2 can also catalyze the C–H silylation of N-methylindole like B(C6F5)3, but the most favourable pathways are those promoted by N-methylindoline. Furthermore, we also found several other types of substrates that would undergo C–H or N–H silylation reactions under moderate conditions. These findings may facilitate the design of new catalysts for the dehydrogenative silylation of inactivated (hetero)arenes. We investigated the mechanism of the dehydrosilylation of (hetero)arenes and extended the scope of the silylation catalysts and substrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Du
- School of Life Science and Chemistry
- Jiangsu Second Normal University
- Nanjing 210013
- China
| | - Jiyang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- China
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145
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Zhao H, Ma G, Xie X, Wang Y, Hao J, Wan W. Pd(ii)-Catalyzed decarboxylative meta-C–H difluoromethylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3927-3930. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Palladium(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative meta-C–H difluoromethylation reactions have been developed. Initial mechanistic studies disclosed that a migratory insertion would be involved in this meta-selective C–H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guobin Ma
- School of Science
- Shanghai University
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wen Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
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146
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Wang X, Wang Z, Nishihara Y. Nickel/copper-cocatalyzed decarbonylative silylation of acyl fluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10507-10510. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A transformation of acyl fluorides with silylboron via nickel/copper-cocatalysed carbon–fluorine bond cleavage and a sequential decarbonylation, which provides an efficient protocol to functionalize arylsilanes, has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
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147
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Gu Y, Shen Y, Zarate C, Martin R. A Mild and Direct Site-Selective sp2 C–H Silylation of (Poly)Azines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:127-132. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cayetana Zarate
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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148
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Mote NR, Chikkali SH. Hydrogen-Bonding-Assisted Supramolecular Metal Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3623-3646. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Mote
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune- 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi- 110001 India
| | - Samir H. Chikkali
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune- 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi- 110001 India
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149
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Abstract
Synthetic methods for oxidative aromatic C-O bond formation are sparse, despite their demand in metabolite synthesis for drug discovery and development. We report a novel methodology for late-stage C-O bond formation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with excellent functional group tolerance even for highly functionalized substrates. The resulting aryl mesylates provide access to potential human metabolites of pharmaceuticals, and may be used directly to install a C-F bond to block metabolic hotspots. A charge-transfer interaction between the reagent bis(methanesulfonyl) peroxide and the substrate arenes may be relevant for the chemoselective functionalization of arenes over other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Börgel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Lalita Tanwar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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150
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Minami Y, Hiyama T. Designing Cross-Coupling Reactions using Aryl(trialkyl)silanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:391-399. [PMID: 30024650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organo(trialkyl)silanes have several advantages, including high stability, low toxicity, good solubility, easy handling, and ready availability compared with heteroatom-substituted silanes. However, methods for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes are limited, most probably because of their exceeding robustness. Thus, a practical method for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes has been a long-standing challenging research target. This article discusses how aryl(trialkyl)silanes can be used in cross-coupling reactions. A pioneering example is CuII catalytic conditions with the use of electron-accepting aryl- or heteroaryl(triethyl)silanes and aryl iodides. The reaction forms biaryls or teraryls. This design concept can be extended to Pd/CuII -catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization reactions between such silanes and aryl bromides or chlorides and to CuI -catalyzed alkylation using alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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