101
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Biswas BB. Prospects, perspectives, and problems of plant genetic engineering. Subcell Biochem 1991; 17:1-30. [PMID: 1796480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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102
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Chandlee JM. Analysis of developmentally interesting genes cloned from higher plants by insertional mutagenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.1020120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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103
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Earp DJ, Lowe B, Baker B. Amplification of genomic sequences flanking transposable elements in host and heterologous plants: a tool for transposon tagging and genome characterization. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:3271-9. [PMID: 2162520 PMCID: PMC330933 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.11.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of sequences flanking integrated transposable elements is an important step in gene tagging strategies. We have demonstrated that sequences flanking transposons integrated into complex genomes can be simply and rapidly obtained using the polymerase chain reaction. Amplification of such sequences was established in a model system, a transgenic tobacco plant carrying a single Ac element, and successfully applied to the cloning of a specific Spm element from a maize line carrying multiple Spm hybridizing sequences. The described utilization of methylation sensitive restriction enzymes (including those with degenerate recognition sequences) in the generation of templates for amplification will simplify the cloning and mapping of genomic sequences adjacent to transposable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Earp
- Plant Gene Expression Center, University of California, Albany 94710
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104
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Turner SR, Barratt DH, Casey R. The effect of different alleles at the r locus on the synthesis of seed storage proteins in Pisum sativum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1990; 14:793-803. [PMID: 2102857 DOI: 10.1007/bf00016512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to measure the accumulation of storage proteins in developing cotyledons of two Pisum sativum (pea) genotypes, that were close to isogenic except for the nature of the allele at the r locus. There was a marked decrease in legumin accumulation in the rr (wrinkled-seeded) genotype compared to the RR (round-seeded) genotype. The accumulation of vicilin did not differ greatly between the two genotypes. Pulse-labelling studies indicated that the differences in rates of accumulation of legumin between the rr and RR genotypes were a consequence of differences in rates of protein synthesis. Measurements of relative amounts of specific mRNAs, using cDNA clones as probes, showed lower amounts of legumin mRNA in developing cotyledons of the rr, compared to the RR, genotype. Both vicilin mRNAs and convicilin mRNA, the latter of which shows a similar temporal pattern of expression to those of the major legumin species, are relatively unaffected by the nature of the allele at the r locus. Nuclear run-on transcription experiments indicated no differences in the rate of synthesis of legumin transcripts in the rr and RR near-isolines. The consequences of homozygosity for the r allele on storage protein mRNA levels in vitro may be mimicked by manipulating the sucrose concentration of the culture medium.
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105
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Wheat X Maize and Other Wide Sexual Hybrids: Their Potential for Genetic Manipulation and Crop Improvement. GENE MANIPULATION IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT II 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7047-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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106
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Zhou JH, Atherly AG. In situ detection of transposition of the maize controlling element (Ac) in transgenic soybean tissues. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1990; 8:542-545. [PMID: 24226282 DOI: 10.1007/bf00820205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/1989] [Revised: 11/13/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of a transposon mutagenesis system in soybean would aid in the isolation of unknown genes. The maize controlling element (Ac) has, therefore, been introduced into the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genome byAgrobacterium-mediated transformation.Ac was inserted into the untranslated leader region of the bacterial ß-glucuronidase gene (GUS) such that the excision ofAc resulted in restoration of the GUS gene activity. Excision events of theAc element were monitored by detecting blue cells or sectors in transgenic soybean tissues. Using the GUS gene assay and with hybridization data, we have demonstrated that theAc element transposes in transgenic soybean calli, leaves, stems, and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Iowa State University, 50011, Ames, IA, USA
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107
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Lam E. From Footprint to Function: An Approach to Study Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors in Transgenic Plants. GENETIC ENGINEERING 1990; 12:73-86. [PMID: 1366708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0641-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Lam
- Waksman Institute of Molecular Biology, Rutgers State University, Piscataway, NJ 08855
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108
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Schmidt RJ, Burr FA, Aukerman MJ, Burr B. Maize regulatory gene opaque-2 encodes a protein with a "leucine-zipper" motif that binds to zein DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:46-50. [PMID: 2296602 PMCID: PMC53196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The opaque-2 locus (o2) in maize regulates the expression of many members of the zein multigene family of storage proteins. cDNA clones for a wild-type allele of the (o2) locus (O2) were isolated from a maize endosperm cDNA library and sequenced. We found a 258-nucleotide 5' leader sequence containing three short open reading frames followed by a sequence specifying a protein of 437 amino acids. The presumptive amino acid sequence of the protein (O2) specified by the O2 cDNA contains a "leucine-zipper" domain characteristic of some mammalian and fungal transcription activation factors. lacZ-O2 fusion constructs, using nearly the entire coding region of O2 or only a fragment specifying the leucine-zipper domain, were expressed in Escherichia coli. In an in vitro binding assay, the beta-galactosidase-O2 fusion proteins bound to two specific regions on the 5' side of the coding sequence in a zein genomic clone. This suggests that the O2 protein affects zein transcription through direct interaction with one or more zein promoter elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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109
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Benner MS, Phillips RL, Kirihara JA, Messing JW. Genetic analysis of methionine-rich storage protein accumulation in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 78:761-767. [PMID: 24226003 DOI: 10.1007/bf00266655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/1989] [Accepted: 07/31/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the chromosomal location of the gene conditioning overproduction of a methionine-rich, 10-K zein in maize kernels of line BSSS53. In addition, the chromosomal location of the structural gene encoding the overproduced protein was determined. Whereas the structural gene, designated Zps10/(22), was found to be located on the long arm of chromosome 9 near the centromere, the locus regulating overproduction of the zein protein was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 4. This regulatory gene has been designated Zpr10/(22). Regulation of 10-K zein production by Zpr10/(22) is, therefore, via a trans-acting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Benner
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics and the Plant Molecular Genetics Institute, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
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110
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Taylor BH, Finnegan EJ, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ. The maize transposable element Ac excises in progeny of transformed tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1989; 13:109-18. [PMID: 2562778 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential of the maize transposable element Ac for gene tagging in heterologous plant species we monitored transcription, excision and transposition of the element in transgenic tobacco plants and their selfed progeny. Ac excised in the majority of primary regenerants and continued to excise in the first-generation progeny plants. In one primary regenerant Ac was transcribed but did not excise. Fourteen of eighteen kanamycin-resistant progeny from this plant showed Ac excision, suggesting that excision of Ac may have been activated during meiosis or in embryo development. This finding, together with the more general observation of continued Ac mobility in the progeny of transformed plants in which Ac had excised, suggests that Ac will be useful for gene tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Taylor
- CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia
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111
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Feldmann KA, Marks MD, Christianson ML, Quatrano RS. A Dwarf Mutant of Arabidopsis Generated by T-DNA Insertion Mutagenesis. Science 1989; 243:1351-4. [PMID: 17808268 DOI: 10.1126/science.243.4896.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Most plant genes that control complex traits of tissues, organs, and whole plants are uncharacterized. Plant height, structure of reproductive organs, seed development and germination, for example, are traits of great agronomic importance. However, in the absence of knowledge of the gene products, current molecular approaches to isolate these important genes are limited. Infection of germinatng seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana with Agrobacterium results in transformed lines in which the integrated T-DNA from Agrobacterium and its associated kanamycin-resistance trait cosegregate with stable, phenotypic alterations. A survey of 136 transformed lines produced plants segregating in a manner consistent with Mendelian predictions for phenotypes altered in height, flower structure, trichomes, gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and seedling development. This report is the characterization of a dwarf mutant in which the phenotype is inherited as a single recessive nuclear mutation that cosegregates with both the kanamycin-resistance trait and the T-DNA insert.
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112
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Goldberg
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1606
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113
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114
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McCarty DR, Carson CB, Lazar M, Simonds SC. Transposable element-induced mutations of theviviparous-1 gene in maize. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.1020100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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115
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Gerats AGM, Beld M, Huits H, Prescott A. Gene tagging inPetunia hybrida using homologous and heterologous transposable elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.1020100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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116
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117
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Abstract
Plants represent a diverse group of organisms that have unique reproductive, developmental, and physiological processes. Although morphologically simple, plants have molecular genetic processes that are equivalent in complexity to those found in animals. Sophisticated gene transfer procedures, transposon mutagenesis in homologous and heterologous plants, and development of model organisms such as Arabidopsis permit almost any gene that is associated with an observable phenotype to be isolated and studied. These advances, coupled with general advances in molecular biology, now make it possible to dissect the molecular and cellular events responsible for controlling plant-specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Goldberg
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1606
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118
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Motto M, Maddaloni M, Ponziani G, Brembilla M, Marotta R, Di Fonzo N, Soave C, Thompson R, Salamini F. Molecular cloning of the o2-m5 allele of Zea mays using transposon marking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00330854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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119
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Cone KC, Schmidt RJ, Burr B, Burr FA. Advantages and limitations of using Spm as a transposon tag. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1988; 47:149-59. [PMID: 2845911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5550-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transposon tagging has become the method of choice for isolating genes whose products are in low abundance. We have recently used the transposable element Spm to tag and clone maize regulatory loci. Our choice of Spm was dictated by several factors: The frequency of transposition of Spm is high enough to obtain detectable transposition events, into loci affecting kernel traits, in populations of less than 10(6) seed. Although the copy number of Spm is high in the maize genome, insertions into the gene of interest can be distinguished from other Spm copies by digesting DNAs from segregating populations with methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes, and hybridizing with Spm-specific probes. Since all members of the Spm family thus far examined share DNA homology, hybridization with appropriate probes allows detection of insertions of both autonomous and defective elements. Thus, if a mutable allele can be shown to be under Spm control, one can be reasonably confident of successfully cloning that allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Cone
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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