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Liu X, Chen W, Li W, Priest JR, Fu Y, Pang K, Ma B, Han B, Liu X, Hu S, Zhou Z. Exome-Based Case-Control Analysis Highlights the Pathogenic Role of Ciliary Genes in Transposition of the Great Arteries. Circ Res 2020; 126:811-821. [PMID: 32078439 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one of the most severe types of congenital heart diseases. Understanding the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of TGA is, therefore, urgently needed for patient management of this severe disease. However, the clinical characteristics and genetic cause underlying TGA remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to systematically examine the clinical characteristics and genetic cause for isolated nonsyndromic TGA. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 249 patients with TGA (66 family trios) and performed whole-exome sequencing. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in dextro-TGA (52.7%) and dextrocardia/mesocardia in congenitally corrected TGA (32.8%) were significantly higher than that in other subtypes. A high prevalence of bicuspid pulmonic valve (9.6%) was observed in patients with TGA. Similar results were observed in a replication group of TGA (n=132). Through a series of bioinformatics filtering steps, we obtained 82 candidate genes harboring potentially damaging de novo, loss of function, compound heterozygous, or X-linked recessive variants. Established congenital heart disease-causing genes, such as FOXH1, were found among the list of candidate genes. A total of 19 ciliary genes harboring rare potentially damaging variants were also found; for example, DYNC2LI1 with a de novo putatively damaging variant. The enrichment of ciliary genes supports the roles of cilia in the pathogenesis of TGA. In total, 33% of the TGA probands had >1 candidate gene hit by putatively deleterious variants, suggesting that a portion of the TGA cases were probably affected by oligogenic or polygenic inheritance. CONCLUSIONS The findings of clinical characteristic analyses have important implications for TGA patient stratification. The results of genetic analyses highlight the pathogenic role of ciliary genes and a complex genetic architecture underlying TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., Z.Z.)
| | - Wen Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., Z.Z.)
| | - Wenke Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., Z.Z.)
| | - James R Priest
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (J.R.P.)
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., Z.Z.)
| | - Kunjing Pang
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China (K.P.)
| | - Baihui Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.)
| | - Bianmei Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.)
| | - Xuewen Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.)
| | - Shengshou Hu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhou Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., B.M., B.H., Xuewen Liu, S.H., Z.Z.).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, China (Xuanyu Liu, W.C., W.L., Y.F., Z.Z.)
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102
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Gabriel GC, Lo CW. Left-right patterning in congenital heart disease beyond heterotaxy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:90-96. [PMID: 31999049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect is one of the most common structural birth defects in the human population. It is highly associated with heterotaxy, a birth defect involving randomized left-right patterning of visceral organ situs. Large scale mouse forward genetics have led to the finding of a central role for cilia in CHD pathogenesis, with some cilia and non-cilia mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy. Interestingly, many of the mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy can give rise to three laterality outcomes comprising normal situs solitus, mirror symmetric situs inversus totalis, or randomized situs with heterotaxy. Given CHD is largely observed only with heterotaxy, this suggests a new paradigm is needed for investigating the genetics of CHD associated with heterotaxy. Furthermore, analysis of data from multiple large birth cohorts have independently confirmed a broader involvement of laterality disturbance in CHD. This was demonstrated by the common cooccurrence of rare laterality defects with CHD lesions of a wide spectrum. These findings suggest left-right patterning is tightly intertwined with the developmental processes that regulate cardiac morphogenesis and its disturbance may contribute to all types of CHD even in the absence of laterality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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103
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Ren MB, Chai XR, Li L, Wang X, Yin C. Potential digenic inheritance of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy identified by whole-exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1150. [PMID: 31960626 PMCID: PMC7057083 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the genetic causes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) within a family. Most of the previous studies found point mutations as the genetic causes for HCM, whole-gene deletion was rarely reported. METHODS Although, clinical genetic testing has been widely used for identifying variants in HCM patients, structural variations are understudied, partly owing to the inadequacy of the available methodology. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing validation was used to identify the genetic causes in patients with familial HCM. RESULTS A genomic deletion in Chromosome 19 containing the whole of troponin I3 gene (TNNI3), and the p.Ile736Thr variant in the myosin heavy chain 7 gene (MYH7) were identified in two patients with familial HCM by WES. The p.Ile736Thr variant is further validated by Sanger sequencing and is predicted as a pathogenic variant by in silico analysis. CONCLUSION We added the notion that not only p.Ile736Thr variant of MYH7, but also TNNI3 deletion might potentially contribute to HCM pathogenesis. Our study also suggested WES was a powerful tool to identify the genetic variants causing HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bao Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Chai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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104
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Li H, Yang Y, Hong W, Huang M, Wu M, Zhao X. Applications of genome editing technology in the targeted therapy of human diseases: mechanisms, advances and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:1. [PMID: 32296011 PMCID: PMC6946647 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 889] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on engineered or bacterial nucleases, the development of genome editing technologies has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in almost all eukaryotic cells. Genome editing has extended our ability to elucidate the contribution of genetics to disease by promoting the creation of more accurate cellular and animal models of pathological processes and has begun to show extraordinary potential in a variety of fields, ranging from basic research to applied biotechnology and biomedical research. Recent progress in developing programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases, has greatly expedited the progress of gene editing from concept to clinical practice. Here, we review recent advances of the three major genome editing technologies (ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9) and discuss the applications of their derivative reagents as gene editing tools in various human diseases and potential future therapies, focusing on eukaryotic cells and animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of the clinical trials applying genome editing platforms for disease treatment and some of the challenges in the implementation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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105
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Li L, Gao F, Fan L, Su C, Liang X, Gong C. Disorders of Sex Development in Individuals Harbouring MAMLD1 Variants: WES and Interactome Evidence of Oligogenic Inheritance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:582516. [PMID: 33424767 PMCID: PMC7786837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.582516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has been shown to play an important role in the process of sexual development and is associated with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSDs). However, the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs remains disputable. In this study, we have described a clinical series on children from unrelated families with 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1 variants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for each patient. WES data were filtered using common tools and disease customisation algorithms, including comparison against lists of known and candidate MAMLD1-related and DSD-related genes. Lastly, we investigated the hypothesis that MAMLD1-related DSD may follow an oligogenic mode of inheritance. Forty-three potentially deleterious/candidate variants of 18 genes (RET, CDH23, MYO7A, NOTCH2, MAML1, MAML2, CYP1A1, WNT9B, GLI2, GLI3, MAML3, WNT9A, FRAS1, PIK3R3, FREM2, PTPN11, EVC, and FLNA) were identified, which may have contributed to the patient phenotypes. MYO7A was the most commonly identified gene. Specific gene combinations were also identified. In the interactome analysis, MAMLD1 exhibited direct connection with MAML1/2/3 and NOTCH1/2. Through NOTCH1/2, the following eight genes were shown to be associated with MAMLD1:WNT9A/9B, GLI2/3, RET, FLNA, PTPN11, and EYA1. Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with MAMLD1-related 46,XY DSD could carry two or more variants of known DSD-related genes, and the phenotypic outcome of affected individuals might be determined by multiple genes.
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106
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Distal myopathy induced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a pedigree carrying novel DSG2 null variant. Int J Cardiol 2020; 298:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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107
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Liu S, Xie Y, Zhang H, Feng Z, Huang J, Huang J, Hu S, Wei Y. Multiple genetic variants in adolescent patients with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2019; 302:117-123. [PMID: 31918855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a primary cardiomyopathy with an unclear aetiology. The clinical symptoms range from asymptomatic to heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to characterize the genetic features and clinical outcomes of LVNC who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) to reveal the potential genetic pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 16 cases who underwent HTx in our hospital. Exome-sequencing was performed to reveal genetic background. Clinical information and histopathology features of patients were investigated. Gene expression profiling of tissue fibrosis were evaluated by quantitative PCR. The median age of patients was 21 years. Of the 16 patients, 14 harboured multiple gene variants involved in LVNC. Ten of the patients harboured biallelic variants and/or truncating variants. Young patients (<18) with biallelic variants and/or truncating variants and lower LVEF (<45%) at initial symptom deteriorated quickly. Except for noncompaction myocardium, myocardial fibrosis was a remarkable pathological feature, and gene profiles related to immune inflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that multiple pathologic variants were underlie genetic mechanism of LVNC who in high risks, suggesting that genetic screening should be applied to the diagnosis of LVNC. LVNC patient with multiple variants should be considered carefully follow-up. Genetics involved in the phenotype and cardiac fibrosis, and is the major causing for LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, China
| | - Zongqi Feng
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 010017 Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Huang
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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108
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Dosage effect of multiple genes accounts for multisystem disorder of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Cell Res 2019; 30:133-145. [PMID: 31853004 PMCID: PMC7015062 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem manifestations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) may be due to dosage reduction in multiple genes induced by aberrant expansion of CTG repeats in DMPK, including DMPK, its neighboring genes (SIX5 or DMWD) and downstream MBNL1. However, direct evidence is lacking. Here, we develop a new strategy to generate mice carrying multigene heterozygous mutations to mimic dosage reduction in one step by injection of haploid embryonic stem cells with mutant Dmpk, Six5 and Mbnl1 into oocytes. The triple heterozygous mutant mice exhibit adult-onset DM1 phenotypes. With the additional mutation in Dmwd, the quadruple heterozygous mutant mice recapitulate many major manifestations in congenital DM1. Moreover, muscle stem cells in both models display reduced stemness, providing a unique model for screening small molecules for treatment of DM1. Our results suggest that the complex symptoms of DM1 result from the reduced dosage of multiple genes.
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109
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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110
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Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120879. [PMID: 31888141 PMCID: PMC6995556 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Studies in animal models and humans have indicated a genetic etiology for CHD. About 400 genes have been implicated in CHD, encompassing transcription factors, cell signaling molecules, and structural proteins that are important for heart development. Recent studies have shown genes encoding chromatin modifiers, cilia related proteins, and cilia-transduced cell signaling pathways play important roles in CHD pathogenesis. Elucidating the genetic etiology of CHD will help improve diagnosis and the development of new therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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111
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Xiao X, Sun W, Li S, Jia X, Zhang Q. Spectrum, frequency, and genotype-phenotype of mutations in SPATA7. Mol Vis 2019; 25:821-833. [PMID: 31908400 PMCID: PMC6925664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the mutation spectrum of SPATA7 and associated ocular phenotypes. METHODS As part of a continuing examination of the genetic basis of inherited ophthalmic diseases, sequencing variations in SPATA7 were identified in sequencing data from 5,090 probands. Mutations in SPATA7 were identified in 12 Chinese patients from ten families. Family history and clinical data were examined in detail in these patients. To evaluate possible gene-specific fundus changes, the results were combined with data from 66 patients from 50 families previously reported in the literature. RESULTS Seven homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations, including two novel mutations (c.367C>T, p.Q123* and c.1083-2A>G) and five known mutations in SPATA7, were identified in ten families, including six families with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), three families with juvenile retinitis pigmentosa, and one family with early-onset high myopia. These families accounted for approximately 2.2% (6/269) of LCA and 0.4% (10/2,252) of inherited retinal dystrophies in this case series. A combined analysis of data from the present study and data from 60 families reported in the literature showed that 93.3% (112/120) of mutant alleles were truncation mutations, whereas only about 5.0% were missense mutations, and 1.7% were non-frameshift indels. Common SPATA7-associated fundus changes, including narrow arterioles, a relatively well-preserved macular region, and widespread RPE atrophy resulting in diffuse mottled hypopigmentation in the midperipheral retina, were identified in this cohort and in patients in the literature. Missense mutations were not associated with specific phenotypic features or severity. CONCLUSIONS Narrow arterioles, a relatively well-preserved macular region, and widespread RPE atrophy resulting in diffuse mottling hypopigmentation in the midperipheral retina may be considered early and common fundus changes specific to SPATA7-associated retinopathy. The fact that similar mutations result in varied phenotypes points to the existence of other potential modifiers of the disease. Uncovering the identity of these modifiers might aid the development of novel treatments.
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112
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Joint utilization of genetic analysis and semi-cloning technology reveals a digenic etiology of Müllerian anomalies. Cell Res 2019; 30:91-94. [PMID: 31628433 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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113
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De novo and recessive forms of congenital heart disease have distinct genetic and phenotypic landscapes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4722. [PMID: 31624253 PMCID: PMC6797711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD) is characterized by enrichment in damaging de novo variants in chromatin-modifying genes. To test the hypothesis that gene pathways contributing to de novo forms of CHD are distinct from those for recessive forms, we analyze 2391 whole-exome trios from the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium. We deploy a permutation-based gene-burden analysis to identify damaging recessive and compound heterozygous genotypes and disease genes, controlling for confounding effects, such as background mutation rate and ancestry. Cilia-related genes are significantly enriched for damaging rare recessive genotypes, but comparatively depleted for de novo variants. The opposite trend is observed for chromatin-modifying genes. Other cardiac developmental gene classes have less stratification by mode of inheritance than cilia and chromatin-modifying gene classes. Our analyses reveal dominant and recessive CHD are associated with distinct gene functions, with cilia-related genes providing a reservoir of rare segregating variation leading to CHD. Large whole-exome sequencing studies have suggested that the genetic architecture of syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD) is different from sporadic forms. Here, Watkins et al. estimate the relative contribution of damaging recessive and de novo genotypes to CHD in 2391 trios and find them to be associated with different gene functions.
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114
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Re-evaluation of the classification system for the clinical interpretation of genomic copy number variation. Genet Med 2019; 22:234-235. [PMID: 31395944 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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