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Bown KJ, Lambin X, Telford G, Heyder-Bruckner D, Ogden NH, Birtles RJ. The common shrew (Sorex araneus): a neglected host of tick-borne infections? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:947-53. [PMID: 21453011 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of rodents as reservoirs for a number of tick-borne infections is well established, comparatively little is known about the potential role of shrews, despite them occupying similar habitats. To address this, blood and tick samples were collected from common shrews (Sorex araneus) and field voles (Microtus agrestis), a known reservoir of various tick-borne infections, from sites located within a plantation forest in northern England over a 2-year period. Of 647 blood samples collected from shrews, 121 (18.7%) showed evidence of infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and 196 (30.3%) with Babesia microti. By comparison, of 1505 blood samples from field voles, 96 (6.4%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum and 458 (30.4%) for Ba. microti. Both species were infested with the ticks Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps, although they had different burdens: on average, shrews carried almost six times as many I. trianguliceps larvae, more than twice as many I. ricinus larvae, and over twice as many nymphs (both tick species combined). The finding that the nymphs collected from shrews were almost exclusively I. trianguliceps highlights that this species is the key vector of these infections in this small mammal community. These findings suggest that common shrews are a reservoir of tick-borne infections and that the role of shrews in the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne infections elsewhere needs to be comprehensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Bown
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
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102
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Lee MJ, Chae JS. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma bovis in the salivary glands from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:411-3. [PMID: 19874189 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland (SG) of tick plays an important role as a route in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens to their hosts. We evaluated the presence of these pathogens in the SGs of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, and these ticks were collected from grazing cattle in Jeju Island, Korea. Of total 463 one-side SGs, 56 (12.1%) SGs were positive for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and 11 (2.4%) were positive for Anaplasma bovis. In addition, two (0.4%) SGs were co-infected with both E. chaffeensis and A. bovis. In conclusion, we specifically describe the presence of E. chaffeensis and A. bovis in the SGs of H. longicornis ticks in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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103
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Santos AS, Amaro F, Santos-Silva MM, De Sousa R, Mathias ML, Ramalhinho MG, Nuncio MS, Alves MJ, Bacellar F, Dumler JS. Detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Algerian mice (Mus spretus), Portugal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 9:663-9. [PMID: 18973448 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Portugal stimulated further research on the agent's enzootic cycle, which usually involves rodents. Thus a total 322 rodents belonging to five species, including 30 Apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse), 65 Mus musculus (house mouse), 194 M. spretus (algerian mouse), 5 Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) and 28 R. rattus (black rat), were studied by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for A. phagocytophilum exposure in four sampling areas of mainland and two areas of Madeira Island, Portugal. Overall, 3.6% (7/194) of M. spretus presented with IFA-positive results. Seropositive mice were detected in all three mainland sampling areas where this species was captured, with prevalence of 5.2% (5/96) and 5.0% (1/20) for the Ixodes-areas of Arrábida and Mafra, and 1.3% (1/78) for Mértola, a difference that was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The majority of IFA-positive mice were detected in spring when considering either Arrábida alone (p = 0.026) or all M. spretus sampling areas together (p = 0.021), although the significance of this association was not evident after Bonferroni correction. Nevertheless, neither the seropositive M. spretus, nor additional samples of 10% seronegative rodents from mainland, and 16% of rodents collected in Madeira Island showed evidence of A. phagocytophilum active infections when spleen and/or lung samples were tested by PCR. Either the M. spretus results represents residual antibodies from past A. phagocytophilum infections, present infections with limited bacteremia, or cross-reactions with closely related agents deserves more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Santos
- Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.
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104
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Lim S, Irwin PJ, Lee S, Oh M, Ahn K, Myung B, Shin S. Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:32. [PMID: 20377869 PMCID: PMC2860352 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A serological survey for Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in rural hunting and urban shelter dogs mainly from southwestern regions of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was conducted. From a total of 229 wild boar or pheasant hunting dogs, the number of serologically positive dogs for any of the four pathogens was 93 (40.6%). The highest prevalence observed was D. immitis (22.3%), followed by A. phagocytophilum (18.8%), E. canis (6.1%) and the lowest prevalence was B. burgdorferi (2.2%). In contrast, stray dogs found within the city limits of Gwangju showed seropositivity only to D. immitis (14.6%), and none of the 692 dogs responded positive for A. phagocytophilum, E. canis or B. burgdorferi antibodies. This study indicates that the risk of exposure to vector-borne diseases in rural hunting dogs can be quite high in Korea, while the urban environment may not be suitable for tick infestation on dogs, as evidenced by the low infection status of tick-borne pathogens in stray dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
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105
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Lee MJ, Yu DH, Yoon JS, Li YH, Lee JH, Chae JS, Park J. Epidemiologic and Clinical Surveys in Dogs Infected withBabesia gibsoniin South Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:681-6. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
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106
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Vilcins IME, Old JM, Deane E. Molecular detection of Rickettsia, Coxiella and Rickettsiella DNA in three native Australian tick species. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2009; 49:229-42. [PMID: 19296229 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Three Australian native animal species yielded 60 samples composed of three indigenous ticks. Hosts included twelve koalas, two echidnas and one wombat from Victoria, and ticks were of the species Ixodes tasmani (n = 42), Bothriocroton concolor (n = 8) and B. auruginans (n = 10), respectively. PCR screening and sequencing detected a species of Coxiella, sharing closest sequence identity to C. burnetii (>98%), in all B. auruginans, as well as a species of Rickettsia, matching closest to R. massiliae, in 70% of the same samples. A genotype sharing closest similarity to Rickettsia bellii (>99%) was identified in three female B. concolor collected from one of the echidnas. Three samples of I. tasmani, taken from three koalas, yielded different genotypes of Rickettsiella. These results represent the first detection of the three genera in each tick species and identify a high level of previously undetected bacterial diversity in Australian ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger-Marie E Vilcins
- Department of Biological Sciences, E8A, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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107
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Lee M, Yu D, Yoon J, Li Y, Lee J, Park J. Natural co-infection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma bovis in a deer in South Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:101-3. [PMID: 19194084 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses are zoonotic, fatal infectious diseases that caused by ticks. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are important hosts for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma-like organisms. In the present study, an evaluation of infection with tick-borne pathogens was conducted using a PCR assay on the blood of a deer that expressed anorexia and decreased activity. The results of the PCR assay revealed natural co-infection of E. chaffeensis and A. bovis in the deer. This indicates that deer may be a natural reservoir of both E. chaffeensis and A. bovis in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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108
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109
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Kim SY, Jeong YE, Yun SM, Lee IY, Han MG, Ju YR. Molecular evidence for tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in South Korea. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:15-20. [PMID: 19239610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEVs) are present in South Korea, Korean ixodid ticks were tested for TBEV RNA. Ticks (n = 2460) were collected from wild and domestic animals or by flagging at forest and grassland in 12 regions of five provinces in 2005-06. Four species in two genera were identified, yielding 197 sample pools (1-20 ticks per pool); from these, 12 envelope protein gene fragments of TBEV were amplified by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). Ten of the 2104 adult ticks (0.4%) and two of the 356 nymph ticks (0.2%) were positive for the envelope (E) gene of TBEV. Twelve TBEV RNA-positive samples were detected in Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the E genes of the TBEV isolates were clustered with the Western European subtype (98% identity). This study suggests that TBEVs may exist in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Arboviruses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea
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110
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Oh JY, Moon BC, Bae BK, Shin EH, Ko YH, Kim YJ, Park YH, Chae JS. Genetic Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia Species in Haemaphysalis longicornis Collected from Jeju Island, Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2009.39.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Chun Moon
- Institute of Environmental Resource Research of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-Hyun Shin
- Department of Medical Entomology, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Ko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Cheju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Institute of Environmental Resource Research of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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111
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O'Guinn ML, Klein TA, Lee JS, Kim HC, Baek LJ, Chong ST, Turell MJ, Burkett DA, Schuster A, Lee IY, Yi SH, Sames WJ, Song KJ, Song JW. Ecological surveillance of small mammals at Firing Points 10 and 60, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2001-2005. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2008; 33:370-384. [PMID: 19263858 DOI: 10.3376/1081-1710-33.2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Throughout Korea, small mammals are hosts to a number of disease-causing agents that pose a health threat to U.S. and Korean military forces while they conduct field-training exercises. A seasonal rodent-borne disease surveillance program was established at two firing points (FP), FP-10, and FP-60, and conducted over five years from 2001 through 2005 in response to hantavirus cases among U.S. soldiers. The ecology of these sites consisted primarily of tall grasses associated with semi-permanent and temporary water sources (drainage ditches and a small stream) and dry-land agriculture farming. Eight species of rodents and one species of insectivore were collected, including Apodemus agrarius, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, Microtus fortis, Myodes regulus, and Crocidura lasiura. The striped field mouse, A. agrarius, (primary reservoir for Hantaan virus, the causative agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever), was the most frequently collected, representing 90.6% of the 1,288 small mammals captured at both sites. Reported herein are the ecological parameters, seasonal population densities, and seasonal population characteristics associated with small mammals collected at two military training sites in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L O'Guinn
- Department of Virology, 1425 Porter Street, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
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112
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Chae JS, Yu DH, Shringi S, Klein TA, Kim HC, Chong ST, Lee IY, Foley J. Microbial pathogens in ticks, rodents and a shrew in northern Gyeonggi-do near the DMZ, Korea. J Vet Sci 2008; 9:285-93. [PMID: 18716449 PMCID: PMC2811841 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1,618 ticks [420 individual (adults) and pooled (larvae and nymphs) samples], 369 rodents (Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, Mus musculus, and Myodes regulus), and 34 shrews (Crocidura lasiura) that were collected in northern Gyeonggi-do near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea during 2004-2005, were assayed by PCR for selected zoonotic pathogens. From a total of 420 individual and pooled tick DNA samples, Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum (16), A. platys (16), Ehrlichia (E.) chaffeensis (63), Borrelia burgdorferi (16), and Rickettsia spp. (198) were detected using species-specific PCR assays. Out of 403 spleens from rodents and shrews, A. phagocytophilum (20), A. platys (34), E. chaffeensis (127), and Bartonella spp. (24) were detected with species-specific PCR assays. These results suggest that fevers of unknown causes in humans and animals in Korea should be evaluated for infections by these vector-borne microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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113
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Chae JS, Adjemian JZ, Kim HC, Ko S, Klein TA, Foley J. Predicting the emergence of tick-borne infections based on climatic changes in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8:265-75. [PMID: 18429692 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytic anaplasmosis (GA) and monocytic ehrlichiosis (ME) are maintained in wild rodent reservoirs and tick vectors in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the prevalence of 2 tick-borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, in wild rodents and ticks in central Korea to identify any significant associations with existing or changing climatic conditions. Specifically, the goal of this study was to develop simple models for the probability of occurrence of an epidemic of GA or ME as a function of climate in an area in a given year. Climatic data from 2 regions, Munsan and Dongducheon, Gyeonggi, in central Korea (between the Demilitarized Zone and Seoul, latitude between 37 degrees N-38 degrees N and longitude between 127 degrees E-128 degrees E), were analyzed with respect to the prevalence of GA and ME in Paju, Yoncheon, Pocheon, and Dongducheon for the period from 2001 to 2005. Rates of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis decreased as the total yearly precipitation levels and daily humidity increased, and as the daily mean sunshine hours decreased. Rates of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis from rodent ticks and rodents increased in the fall season. Linear regression analyses evaluating the numbers of positive samples by sample type found that rodent ticks were 6.64 times more likely to be actively infected with A. phagocytophilum than grass ticks or rodents, though the likelihood of any samples testing positive for this pathogen decreased by 0.17 as the annual mean level of precipitation increased by 1 mm. For E. chaffeensis, rodents were 15.67 times more likely to be infected than ticks. Logistic regression analyses evaluating each sample separately found that the odds of infection with A. phagocytophilum were nearly 5 times greater for rodents than ticks. In these analyses, precipitation was one potential factor to account for the prevalence of tickborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seok Chae
- Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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114
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Zhan L, CAO WC, de Vlas S, Xie SY, Zhang PH, WU XM, Dumler JS, Yang H, Richardus JH, Habbema JDF. A newly discovered Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in rodents from southeastern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8:369-80. [PMID: 18471056 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 13 (14.1%) of 92 rodents captured from a mountainous area of Zhejiang Province in southeastern China. The nucleotide sequences of 1442-bp, nearly entire 16S rRNA gene amplified from these rodents, had 100% identity, but varied from all known corresponding sequences of A. phagocytophilum deposited in GenBank. To further identify and classify the variant, fragments of 357-bp partial citrate synthase gene (gltA), 849-bp major surface protein 4 gene (msp4), and 443-bp groESL heat-shock operon gene, were amplified and analyzed. The nucleotide sequences of the partial gltA gene amplified from the rodents were identical to each other, but distinct from previously reported A. phagocytophilum sequences,as were msp4 and groESL. These findings indicate that the newly discovered agent represents a novel A. phagocytophilum variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology, and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
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115
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Dantas-Torres F. Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2008; 1:25. [PMID: 18691408 PMCID: PMC2533296 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance) of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, PO Box 7472, Recife, 50670420, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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116
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Yu DH, Li YH, Yoon JS, Lee JH, Lee MJ, Yu IJ, Chae JS, Park JH. Ehrlichia chaffeensisInfection in Dogs in South Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8:355-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Il-Jeoung Yu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
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117
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Bown KJ, Lambin X, Ogden NH, Petrovec M, Shaw SE, Woldehiwet Z, Birtles RJ. High-resolution genetic fingerprinting of European strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by use of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1771-6. [PMID: 17442796 PMCID: PMC1933113 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00365-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a widely distributed tick-borne pathogen of humans, livestock, and companion animals. We used in silico methods to identify 10 variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci within the genome sequence of the A. phagocytophilum HZ strain and used these data to develop a multilocus VNTR-based typing scheme for the species. Having confirmed the stability of four of the loci in replicates of the A. phagocytophilum strain that had been subjected to different numbers of passages through cell cocultures in vitro, we then used this typing scheme to discriminate between 20 A. phagocytophilum strains of diverse geographical and host provenances. Extensive diversity was found at each of the four loci studied, with total allele numbers ranging from 13 to 18 and Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index values ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Only 2 of the 20 strains examined shared alleles at all four loci. The discriminatory power of VNTR analysis was found to be greater than that of either partial msp4 or 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. The extremely high sensitivity of this novel approach to the genetic fingerprinting of A. phagocytophilum strains should serve well in molecular epidemiological studies of infection transmission, particularly when fine-scale strain delineation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Bown
- Infectious Disease Ecology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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