101
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Breeding anl-isoleucine producer by protoplast fusion ofCorynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01982911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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102
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Follettie MT, Shin HK, Sinskey AJ. Organization and regulation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum hom-thrB and thrC loci. Mol Microbiol 1988; 2:53-62. [PMID: 2835590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The genes encoding the three terminal enzymes in the threonine biosynthetic pathway, homoserine dehydrogenase (hom), homoserine kinase (thrB) and threonine synthase (thrC) have been isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum. The C. glutamicum hom and thrB genes were subcloned on a 3.6 kb SalI-generated chromosomal fragment. The C. glutamicum thrC gene was shown not to be linked to the hom-thrB locus. L-methionine represses the cloned homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase similar to that of the chromosomally encoded hom and thrB gene products. Northern hybridization analysis demonstrates that this repression is mediated at the level of transcription and that hom-thrB represents an operon in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Follettie
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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103
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Peoples OP, Liebl W, Bodis M, Maeng PJ, Follettie MT, Archer JA, Sinskey AJ. Nucleotide sequence and fine structural analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum hom-thrB operon. Mol Microbiol 1988; 2:63-72. [PMID: 2835591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum hom-thrB operon has been determined and the structural genes and promoter region mapped. A polypeptide of Mr 46,136 is encoded by hom and a polypeptide of Mr 32,618 is encoded by thrB. Both predicted protein sequences show amino acid sequence homology to their counterparts in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The promoter region has been mapped by S1-nuclease and deletion analysis. Located between -88, RNA start site and -219 (smallest deletion clone with complete activity) are sequence elements similar to those found in E. coli and B. subtilis promoters. Although there are no obvious attenuator-like structures in the 5'-untranslated region, there is a dyad-symmetry element, which may act as an operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Peoples
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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104
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2 Identification and Analysis of Plasmids at the Genetic Level. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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105
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Serwold-Davis TM, Groman N, Rabin M. Transformation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli with the C. diphtheriae plasmid pNG2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:4964-8. [PMID: 3110777 PMCID: PMC305227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfection and transformation of members of two species of pathogenic corynebacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans, is described. Protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme following growth in glycine, and a medium was defined on which a significant fraction of the osmotically sensitive cells were regenerated. Transfections were carried out with DNA from corynephage 782, a member of the beta family of converting phages, and transformations were performed with DNA of plasmid pNG2, a 9500-kDa plasmid that was isolated from an erythromycin-resistant strain of C. diphtheriae and carries the resistance gene. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli were also successfully transformed with pNG2 DNA. Transfection frequencies were in the range of 3-8 X 10(3) plaque-forming units/micrograms of phage DNA, and transformation frequencies were in the range of 0.2-150 colony-forming units/micrograms of plasmid DNA. Plasmid pNG2 replicated and was stably maintained in all transformants both in the presence or absence of erythromycin. Thus, it displayed the ability to replicate in strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without the intervention of genetic engineering. pNG2 DNA isolated from any of the transformed strains was able to transform all parental strains. The host range of pNG2 suggests its possible utility in or as a shuttle vector for the study and manipulation of genes from corynebacterial strains of animal origin.
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106
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Mateos LM, del Real G, Aguilar A, Martín JF. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the homoserine kinase (thrB) gene from Brevibacterium lactofermentum. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1987; 206:361-7. [PMID: 3035340 DOI: 10.1007/bf00428872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Five DNA fragments carrying the thrB gene (homoserine kinase E.C. 2.7.1.39) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum were cloned by complementation of Escherichia coli thrB mutants using pBR322 as vector. All the cloned fragments contained a common 3.1 kb DNA sequence. The cloned fragments hybridized among themselves and with a 9 kb BamHI fragment of the chromosomal DNA of B. lactofermentum but not with the DNA of E. coli. None of the cloned fragments were able to complement thrA and thrC mutations of E. coli. Plasmids pULTH2, pULTH8 and pULTH11 had the cloned DNA fragments in the same orientation and were very stable. On the contrary, plasmid pULTH18 was very unstable and showed the DNA inserted in the opposite direction. E. coli minicells transformed with plasmids pULTH8 or pULTH11 (both carrying the common 3.1 kb fragment) synthesize a protein with an Mr of 30,000 that is similar in size to the homoserine kinase of E. coli.
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107
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108
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Puyet A, Sandoval H, López P, Aguilar A, Martin J, Espinosa M. A simple medium for rapid regeneration ofBacillus subtilisprotoplasts transformed with plasmid DNA. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb01972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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109
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Santamaría RI, Martín JF, Gil JA. Identification of a promoter sequence in the plasmid pUL340 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and construction of new cloning vectors for corynebacteria containing two selectable markers. Gene 1987; 56:199-208. [PMID: 3479377 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A strong promoter P1 has been found in plasmid pUL340, a cloning vector used to transform corynebacteria. This promoter is also expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli. A gene (cat) for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from Streptomyces acrimycini and a gene (hyg) for hygromycin phosphotransferase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus were subcloned in different positions of the Brevibacterium lactofermentum plasmid pUL340. Both resistance genes are expressed in B. lactofermentum from their own promoters or from the endogenous promoter in pUL340. These genes provide useful screening markers for selecting transformants of B. lactofermentum together with the kanamycin-resistance gene from the transposon Tn5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Santamaría
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de León, Spain
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110
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Follettie MT, Sinskey AJ. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pheA gene. J Bacteriol 1986; 167:695-702. [PMID: 3525519 PMCID: PMC212945 DOI: 10.1128/jb.167.2.695-702.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pheA gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum encoding prephenate dehydratase was isolated from a gene bank constructed in C. glutamicum. The specific activity of prephenate dehydratase was increased six-fold in strains harboring the cloned gene. Genetic and structural evidence is presented which indicates that prephenate dehydratase and chorismate mutase were catalyzed by separate enzymes in this species. The C. glutamicum pheA gene, subcloned in both orientations with respect to the Escherichia coli vector pUC8, was able to complement an E. coli pheA auxotroph. The nucleotide sequence of the C. glutamicum pheA gene predicts a 315-residue protein product with a molecular weight of 33,740. The deduced protein product demonstrated sequence homology to the C-terminal two-thirds of the bifunctional E. coli enzyme chorismate mutase-P-prephenate dehydratase.
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111
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Wirth R, An FY, Clewell DB. Highly efficient protoplast transformation system for Streptococcus faecalis and a new Escherichia coli-S. faecalis shuttle vector. J Bacteriol 1986; 165:831-6. [PMID: 3005240 PMCID: PMC214503 DOI: 10.1128/jb.165.3.831-836.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient protoplast transformation system for Streptococcus faecalis has been developed by systematically optimizing different parameters. Up to 10(6) transformants per micrograms of DNA were consistently obtained within 3 days, and cell wall regeneration of protoplasts was virtually 100%. A systematic search for useful vectors showed that the broad-host-range plasmid pIP501 could transform S. faecalis at a high frequency (6.3 X 10(4) transformants per microgram). By combining a high-copy-number derivative of pIP501, designated pGB354, with the Escherichia coli vector pACYC184, we constructed a new E. coli-S. faecalis shuttle vector (pAM401) having nine unique restriction sites. In a shotgun cloning experiment, we ligated a tetracycline resistance determinant from Streptococcus sanguis chromosomal DNA into pAM401 by direct transformation of S. faecalis, establishing the utility of the protoplast transformation system and of the new shuttle vector.
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112
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Smith MD, Flickinger JL, Lineberger DW, Schmidt B. Protoplast transformation in coryneform bacteria and introduction of an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into Brevibacterium lactofermentum. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 51:634-9. [PMID: 3008649 PMCID: PMC238931 DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.3.634-639.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the likelihood of developing useful transformation systems for coryneform bacteria. Two species of coryneform bacteria, Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium lilium, were transformed with chimeras constructed from pUB110 and a cryptic coryneform plasmid (pGX1901). C. lilium protoplasts were also efficiently transfected with phage CS1 DNA. High transformation and transfection frequencies were obtained after only 2 min of lysozyme treatment of lysozyme-sensitive mutants. A series of experiments was also conducted to determine whether DNA from other species of important industrial microbes from the genus Bacillus could be expressed in coryneform bacteria. Evidence of restriction of Bacillus subtilis DNA by B. lactofermentum was observed but could be overcome. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyEBamP) was subcloned onto a plasmid able to replicate in B. lactofermentum. B. lactofermentum transformants for this plasmid expressed amylase activity and produced material cross-reactive to amylase antibody.
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113
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Britz ML, Best GR. Expression of chloramphenicol resistance specified by plasmid pHY416 hosted inCorynebacterium glutamicum. Curr Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01568095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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114
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Abstract
We have constructed a shuttle vector that replicates in Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium lactofermentum, by fusion of a 4.4-kb cryptic plasmid isolated from B. lactofermentum and a derivative of pBR322. Resistance to erythromycin which is expressed in all three bacteria has been a useful selective marker. The frequency of homospecific transformation was 1.5 X 10(5) transformants/micrograms of hybrid plasmid DNA.
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115
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Batt C, Follettie M, Shin H, Yeh P, Sinskey A. Genetic engineering of coryneform bacteria. Trends Biotechnol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(85)90033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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116
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Batt CA, Shanabruch WS, Sinskey AJ. Expression of pAM?1 tetracycline resistance gene inCorynebacterium glutamicum: Segregation of antibiotic resistance due to intramolecular recombination. Biotechnol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01032282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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117
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Yoshihama M, Higashiro K, Rao EA, Akedo M, Shanabruch WG, Follettie MT, Walker GC, Sinskey AJ. Cloning vector system for Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Bacteriol 1985; 162:591-7. [PMID: 3921526 PMCID: PMC218889 DOI: 10.1128/jb.162.2.591-597.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A protoplast transformation system has been developed for Corynebacterium glutamicum by using a C. glutamicum-Bacillus subtilis chimeric vector. The chimera was constructed by joining a 3.0-kilobase cryptic C. glutamicum plasmid and the B. subtilis plasmid pBD10. The neomycin resistance gene on the chimera, pHY416, was expressed in C. glutamicum, although the chloramphenicol resistance gene was not. The various parameters in the transformation protocol were analyzed separately and optimized. The resulting transformation system is simple and routinely yields 10(4) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA.
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118
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Miwa K, Matsui K, Terabe M, Ito K, Ishida M, Takagi H, Nakamori S, Sano K. Construction of novel shuttle vectors and a cosmid vector for the glutamic acid-producing bacteria Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Gene 1985; 39:281-6. [PMID: 4092934 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel cloning vectors for glutamic acid-producing bacteria have been constructed. Two cryptic plasmids, pAM330 from Brevibacterium lactofermentum and pHM1519 from Corynebacterium glutamicum, were used as precursors, and recombined with pBR325 or pUB110. Resultant composite plasmids were able to propagate and to express the CmR or KmR phenotype in B. lactofermentum and C. glutamicum. A smaller, high-copy-number plasmid, pAJ43, was also isolated following deletion of a part of the pAM330-pBR325 composite plasmid. Furthermore, a cosmid vector, which can be packaged and transduced through phage infection, has been developed using a cohesive-end fragment of the f1A phage and plasmid pAJ43. These plasmids are suitable for use as cloning vectors in the glutamic acid-producing bacteria.
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