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Kawashima S, Nakamura A, Inoue T, Matsubara K, Horikawa R, Wakui K, Takano K, Fukushima Y, Tatematsu T, Mizuno S, Tsubaki J, Kure S, Matsubara Y, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Maternal Uniparental Disomy for Chromosome 20: Physical and Endocrinological Characteristics of Five Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2083-2088. [PMID: 29878129 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 20 [UPD(20)mat], resulting in aberrant expression of imprinted transcripts at the GNAS locus, is a poorly characterized condition. These patients manifested a phenotype similar to that of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and small for gestational age-short stature (SGA-SS); however, the etiological relationship between UPD(20)mat and SRS/SGA-SS remains unclear. Moreover, no report has described endocrinological assessment of UPD(20)mat patients, although paternal UPD(20), the mirror image entity of UPD(20)mat, is known to cause multiple hormone resistance reflecting reduced α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein expression. PARTICIPANTS Patients 1 to 5 showed nonmosaic heterodisomy and/or isodisomy for the entire chromosome 20. Patients 1 to 3 and 4 were identified through UPD(20)mat screening for 55 patients with etiology-unknown SRS and 96 patients with SGA-SS, respectively. Patient 5 was identified through molecular analysis for patients with developmental defects. Patients 1 to 5 manifested postnatal growth failure and feeding problems, with or without developmental delay, and other clinical features. Patients 1 to 4 were born SGA. Patients 4 and 5 exhibited hypercalcemia and low or low-normal parathyroid hormone levels. Patient 1 showed constantly decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after 12 years of age, although she had a normal TSH level at 5.2 years of age. CONCLUSION The results suggest that UPD(20)mat underlies growth failure and feeding problems with additional features and could account for >5% of etiology-unknown SRS and small percentages of SGA-SS. Most important, this study provides an indication that UPD(20)mat can be associated with hypersensitivity of hormone receptors, which may gradually develop with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takano
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Fukushima
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshi Tatematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Tsubaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare congenital imprinting disorder. The genetic findings in SRS patients are heterogeneous and often sporadic. However, chromosomes 7, 11, and 17 are consistently involved in all individuals who meet the strict diagnostic criteria of SRS. There are many clinical features characteristic of SRS; the most common are low birth weight, short stature, triangular face, clinodactyly, relative macrocephaly, ear anomalies, and skeletal asymmetry.
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103
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Begemann M, Rezwan FI, Beygo J, Docherty LE, Kolarova J, Schroeder C, Buiting K, Chokkalingam K, Degenhardt F, Wakeling EL, Kleinle S, González Fassrainer D, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Turner CLS, Patalan M, Gizewska M, Binder G, Bich Ngoc CT, Chi Dung V, Mehta SG, Baynam G, Hamilton-Shield JP, Aljareh S, Lokulo-Sodipe O, Horton R, Siebert R, Elbracht M, Temple IK, Eggermann T, Mackay DJG. Maternal variants in NLRP and other maternal effect proteins are associated with multilocus imprinting disturbance in offspring. J Med Genet 2018; 55:497-504. [PMID: 29574422 PMCID: PMC6047157 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Genomic imprinting results from the resistance of germline epigenetic marks to reprogramming in the early embryo for a small number of mammalian genes. Genetic, epigenetic or environmental insults that prevent imprints from evading reprogramming may result in imprinting disorders, which impact growth, development, behaviour and metabolism. We aimed to identify genetic defects causing imprinting disorders by whole-exome sequencing in families with one or more members affected by multilocus imprinting disturbance. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 38 pedigrees where probands had multilocus imprinting disturbance, in five of whom maternal variants in NLRP5 have previously been found. Results We now report 15 further pedigrees in which offspring had disturbance of imprinting, while their mothers had rare, predicted-deleterious variants in maternal effect genes, including NLRP2, NLRP7 and PADI6. As well as clinical features of well-recognised imprinting disorders, some offspring had additional features including developmental delay, behavioural problems and discordant monozygotic twinning, while some mothers had reproductive problems including pregnancy loss. Conclusion The identification of 20 putative maternal effect variants in 38 families affected by multilocus imprinting disorders adds to the evidence that maternal genetic factors affect oocyte fitness and thus offspring development. Testing for maternal-effect genetic variants should be considered in families affected by atypical imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Faisal I Rezwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jasmin Beygo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Louise E Docherty
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Schroeder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kamal Chokkalingam
- Department of Diabetic Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Emma L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Claire L S Turner
- Peninsula Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Michal Patalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Gizewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Chi Dung
- Department of Medical Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Baynam
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Genetic Services of Western Australian and Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sara Aljareh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Rachel Horton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Karen Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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104
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Effect of Cyproheptadine on Weight and Growth Velocity in Children With Silver-Russell Syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:306-311. [PMID: 28806298 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nutritional management of children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is crucial, especially before initiating growth hormone therapy. Since cyproheptadine (CYP) has been reported to be orexigenic, we retrospectively investigated the effects of CYP on changes in weight and height in patients with SRS. METHODS Anthropometric parameters (weight [W], length or height [H], weight on expected weight for height [W/H], and body mass index) were recorded for 34 children with SRS receiving CYP. We specifically analyzed the anthropometric parameters (expressed in median) in a group of 23 patients treated with CYP at baseline (M0-CYP) and every 3 months (M3 to M12-CYP) after the initiation of CYP treatment. RESULTS The 23 children with SRS treated by CYP only had weight stagnation during the months preceding the start of treatment. Anthropometric parameters, especially the weight, differed significantly between M0-CYP and all other times (M3, M6, M9, M12-CYP). After 1 year of treatment, a gain in overall length/height and weight was observed (W: +1.1 standard deviations from the mean [SDS]; H: +0.5 SDS). At M3, significant improvements in W/H (74.9% vs 79.3% [P = 0.01]) and body mass index (-3.4 vs -2.4 SDS [P = 0.001]) were also observed. Twenty-one patients (91%) improved their weight by at least +0.5 SDS, and 12 (52%) by at least +1 SDS. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that CYP can be effective in patients with SRS with significant improvements in growth velocity and nutritional status before initiation of growth hormone therapy. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these results.
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105
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Tümer Z, López-Hernández JA, Netchine I, Elbracht M, Grønskov K, Gede LB, Sachwitz J, den Dunnen JT, Eggermann T. Structural and sequence variants in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome or similar features-Curation of a disease database. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:345-364. [PMID: 29250858 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disorder involving prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and the term SRS-like is broadly used to describe individuals with clinical features resembling SRS. The main molecular subgroups are loss of methylation of the distal imprinting control region (H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) on 11p15.5 (50%) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (5%-10%). Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified 91 patients/families with various structural and small sequence variants, which were suggested as additional molecular defects leading to SRS/SRS-like phenotypes. However, the molecular and phenotypic data of these patients were not standardized and therefore not comparable, rendering difficulties in phenotype-genotype comparisons. To overcome this challenge, we curated a disease database including (epi)genetic phenotypic data of these patients. The clinical features are scored according to the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), which has recently been accepted as standard by consensus. The structural and sequence variations are reviewed and where necessary redescribed according to recent recommendations. Our study provides a framework for both research and diagnostic purposes through facilitating a standardized comparison of (epi)genotypes with phenotypes of patients with structural/sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Bjerring Gede
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Human Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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106
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Heide S, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Keren B, Harbison MD, Azzi S, Rossignol S, Michot C, Lackmy-Port Lys M, Demeer B, Heinrichs C, Newfield RS, Sarda P, Van Maldergem L, Trifard V, Giabicani E, Siffroi JP, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I, Brioude F. Chromosomal rearrangements in the 11p15 imprinted region: 17 new 11p15.5 duplications with associated phenotypes and putative functional consequences. J Med Genet 2017; 55:205-213. [PMID: 29223973 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 11p15 region contains two clusters of imprinted genes. Opposite genetic and epigenetic anomalies of this region result in two distinct growth disturbance syndromes: Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndromes (SRS). Cytogenetic rearrangements within this region represent less than 3% of SRS and BWS cases. Among these, 11p15 duplications were infrequently reported and interpretation of their pathogenic effects is complex. OBJECTIVES To report cytogenetic and methylation analyses in a cohort of patients with SRS/BWS carrying 11p15 duplications and establish genotype/phenotype correlations. METHODS From a cohort of patients with SRS/BWS with an abnormal methylation profile (using ASMM-RTQ-PCR), we used SNP-arrays to identify and map the 11p15 duplications. We report 19 new patients with SRS (n=9) and BWS (n=10) carrying de novo or familial 11p15 duplications, which completely or partially span either both telomeric and centromeric domains or only one domain. RESULTS Large duplications involving one complete domain or both domains are associated with either SRS or BWS, depending on the parental origin of the duplication. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies of partial duplications within the telomeric domain demonstrate the prominent role of IGF2, rather than H19, in the control of growth. Furthermore, it highlights the role of CDKN1C within the centromeric domain and suggests that the expected overexpression of KCNQ1OT1 from the paternal allele (in partial paternal duplications, excluding CDKN1C) does not affect the expression of CDKN1C. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype associated with 11p15 duplications depends on the size, genetic content, parental inheritance and imprinting status. Identification of these rare duplications is crucial for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Heide
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Salah Azzi
- Nuclear Dynamics ISPG, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Michot
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marilyn Lackmy-Port Lys
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Compétences Maladies Rares Anomalies du développement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pointe-a-Pitre Abymes, Pointe-a-Pitre, France
| | - Bénédicte Demeer
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Oncogénétique, CLAD Nord de France, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Claudine Heinrichs
- Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ron S Newfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Sarda
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- CHU, Centre de Génétique Humaine Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Véronique Trifard
- Service de Pédiatrie, CH de La Roche sur Yon, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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107
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Binder G, Schweizer R, Blumenstock G, Ferrand N. Adrenarche in Silver-Russell Syndrome: Timing and Consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4100-4108. [PMID: 28945864 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Premature adrenarche has been reported to be frequent in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), but systematic studies are lacking. Here, we studied the prevalence of early adrenarche in SRS, potential predictors, and consequences based on cases with long-term follow-up. DESIGN AND SETTING This retrospective longitudinal single-center study included 62 patients with SRS (34 boys) with documented age at adrenarche and positive Netchine-Harbison clinical score who were seen during the past 20 years with a median follow-up of 12.8 years. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were collected from patient records. Adrenarche was defined by reaching a serum dehydroepiandrosterone concentration >500 ng/mL. RESULTS Boys reached adrenarche at a median age of 9.2 years (quartiles: 7.6, 10.9 years) and pubarche at a median age of 11.7 years (quartiles: 10.7, 12.8 years). Girls reached adrenarche at a median age of 8.1 years (quartiles: 6.6, 10.1 years) and pubarche at a median age of 9.8 years (quartiles: 8.3, 10.8). Premature adrenarche occurred in 13% of the patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that early adrenarche was associated with early initiation of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment (P = 0.0024 in boys; P = 0.0195 in girls), but not with the Netchine-Harbison clinical score (P > 0.25). Response to rhGH treatment (median dose, 50 µg/kg/d) and adult height (n = 43) were not compromised by early adrenarche. CONCLUSIONS Early or premature adrenarche was more frequent in SRS than in the general population and was associated with early age at initiation of rhGH treatment. Response to rhGH treatment and adult height were not compromised by early adrenarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Schweizer
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Blumenstock
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nawfel Ferrand
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Su J, Wang J, Fan X, Fu C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Li H, Luo J, Li C, Jiang T, Shen Y. Mosaic UPD(7q)mat in a patient with silver Russell syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:36. [PMID: 29075327 PMCID: PMC5645907 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is one of the imprinting disorders characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, relative macrocephaly, body asymmetry and characteristic facial features. ~ 10% of SRS cases are known to be associated with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat). Mosaic maternal segmental UPD of 7q (UPD(7q)mat) is very rare, had only been described in one case before. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a second case of mosaic segmental UPD involving 7q. The patient presented with dysmorphic features including thin and short stature, triangular face, moderate protruding forehead, relative macrocephaly, fifth toe clinodactyly and irregular teeth, meeting the clinical diagnosed criteria of SRS. This case indicated that ~ 80% of mosaic UPD(7q)mat lead to the manifestation of main phenotypes of Silver-Russell syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our case support the notion that there are genes control postnatal growth on long arm of chromosome 7 and indicate that ~ 80% of UPD(7q)mat mosaicism level was contributed to the SRS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - ShuJie Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Hongdou Li
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, No 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Severe hypotonia and postnatal growth impairment in a girl with a missense mutation in COL1A1: Implication of expanded phenotypic spectrum of type I collagenopathy. Brain Dev 2017; 39:799-803. [PMID: 28668235 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that type I collagenopathy has a broad-spectrum phenotypic variability. Here, we report a case of a Korean girl with a heterozygous COL1A1 mutation who had an atypical presentation. CASE PRESENTATION A 26-month-old girl presented with delayed motor development and failure to thrive. She had severe growth retardation. She exhibited right-sided plagiocephaly, blue sclerae, and facial dysmorphism, including a small pointed chin, frontal bossing, and a triangular face, but had microcephaly. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo heterozygous sequence variant in COL1A1 (p.Gly1127Asp), which was validated by Sanger sequencing. Radiological finding showed generalized osteoporosis with progressive scoliosis of the spine without evidence of platyspondyly related to fractures and bowing of the long bones, and markedly delayed carpal bone age. Muscle pathology showed a marked size variation of myofibers and selective type 1 atrophy. CONCLUSIONS This study expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of type I collagenopathy with a COL1A1 variant. Therefore, we suggest that type I collagenopathy should be considered in the patients who have some features of osteogenesis imperfecta simultaneously with atypical features such as facial dysmorphism.
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110
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Elbracht M, Mohnike K, Eggermann T, Binder G. Diagnostik und Therapie des Silver-Russell-Syndroms. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-017-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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111
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Griffin NG, Cronin KD, Walley NM, Hulette CM, Grant GA, Mikati MA, LaBreche HG, Rehder CW, Allen AS, Crino PB, Heinzen EL. Somatic uniparental disomy of Chromosome 16p in hemimegalencephaly. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001735. [PMID: 28864461 PMCID: PMC5593155 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a heterogeneous cortical malformation characterized by enlargement of one cerebral hemisphere. Somatic variants in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulatory genes have been implicated in some HME cases; however, ∼70% have no identified genetic etiology. Here, we screened two HME patients to identify disease-causing somatic variants. DNA from leukocytes, buccal swabs, and surgically resected brain tissue from two HME patients were screened for somatic variants using genome-wide genotyping arrays or sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the genome. Functional studies were performed to evaluate the molecular consequences of candidate disease-causing variants. Both HME patients evaluated were found to have likely disease-causing variants in DNA extracted from brain tissue but not in buccal swab or leukocyte DNA, consistent with a somatic mutational mechanism. In the first case, a previously identified disease-causing somatic single nucleotide in MTOR was identified. In the second case, we detected an overrepresentation of the alleles inherited from the mother on Chromosome 16 in brain tissue DNA only, indicative of somatic uniparental disomy (UPD) of the p-arm of Chromosome 16. Using methylation analyses, an imprinted locus on 16p spanning ZNF597 was identified, which results in increased expression of ZNF597 mRNA and protein in the brain tissue of the second case. Enhanced mTOR signaling was observed in tissue specimens from both patients. We speculate that overexpression of maternally expressed ZNF597 led to aberrant hemispheric development in the patient with somatic UPD of Chromosome 16p possibly through modulation of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Griffin
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Kenneth D Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Nicole M Walley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Christine M Hulette
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew S Allen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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112
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Abi Habib W, Brioude F, Edouard T, Bennett JT, Lienhardt-Roussie A, Tixier F, Salem J, Yuen T, Azzi S, Le Bouc Y, Harbison MD, Netchine I. Genetic disruption of the oncogenic HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway causes fetal growth restriction. Genet Med 2017; 20:250-258. [PMID: 28796236 PMCID: PMC5846811 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fetal growth is a complex process involving maternal, placental and fetal factors. The etiology of fetal growth retardation remains unknown in many cases. The aim of this study is to identify novel human mutations and genes related to Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), a syndromic form of fetal growth retardation, usually caused by epigenetic downregulation of the potent fetal growth factor IGF2. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was carried out on members of an SRS familial case. The candidate gene from the familial case and two other genes were screened by targeted high-throughput sequencing in a large cohort of suspected SRS patients. Functional experiments were then used to link these genes into a regulatory pathway. Results We report the first mutations of the PLAG1 gene in humans, as well as new mutations in HMGA2 and IGF2 in six sporadic and/or familial cases of SRS. We demonstrate that HMGA2 regulates IGF2 expression through PLAG1 and in a PLAG1-independent manner. Conclusion Genetic defects of the HMGA2–PLAG1–IGF2 pathway can lead to fetal and postnatal growth restriction, highlighting the role of this oncogenic pathway in the fine regulation of physiological fetal/postnatal growth. This work defines new genetic causes of SRS, important for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abi Habib
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,Current affiliation: Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France.,INSERM Unit 1043, Physiopathology Center of Toulouse Purpan (CTPT), Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - James T Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington, and Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Lienhardt-Roussie
- Département de Pédiatrie Médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Tixier
- Département d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Salem
- RSS/SGA Research & Education Fund, MAGIC Foundation, Oak Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Salah Azzi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
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113
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Liu D, Wang Y, Yang XA, Liu D. De Novo Mutation of Paternal IGF2 Gene Causing Silver-Russell Syndrome in a Sporadic Patient. Front Genet 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28848601 PMCID: PMC5550680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare, but well-recognized disease characterized by growth disorder. To date, there are two reports arguing IGF2 mutation for the onset of SRS. Herein, we present another sporadic case harboring IGF2 mutation. The male proband was the first and only child of a non-consanguineous Chinese couple. He was small for gestational age, with relative macrocephaly at birth. Severe feeding difficulties, low feeding, and growth retardation were revealed during neonatal period. At 4.5 years old, obvious body asymmetry was noted. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel de novo c.101G > A (p.Gly34Asp, NM_000612) variant in IGF2 and Sanger sequencing validated the variant. Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the IGF2 variant was on the paternal allele. Alignment shows the variant is evolutionarily conserved. Structural modeling argues that the variant site might be important for the binding of IGF2 to its receptor. Our study provides further evidence that IGF2 mutation may be another mechanism of SRS, and we consider that IGF2 should be included in a disease specific gene panel in case it is designed for SRS routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguo Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Yajian Wang
- Joy Orient Translational Medicine Research Center Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-An Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China.,Beijing Scientific Operation Biotechnology Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
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114
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Meyer R, Soellner L, Begemann M, Dicks S, Fekete G, Rahner N, Zerres K, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Approach in Patients Referred for Silver-Russell Syndrome Testing Increases the Mutation Detection Rate and Provides Decisive Information for Clinical Management. J Pediatr 2017; 187:206-212.e1. [PMID: 28529015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of differential diagnoses to the mutation spectrum of patients referred for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) testing. STUDY DESIGN Forty-seven patients referred for molecular testing for SRS were examined after exclusion of one of the SRS-associated alterations. After clinical classification, a targeted next generation sequencing approach comprising 25 genes associated with other diagnoses or postulated as SRS candidate genes was performed. RESULTS By applying the Netchine-Harbinson clinical scoring system, indication for molecular testing for SRS was confirmed in 15 out of 47 patients. In 4 out of these 15 patients, disease-causing variants were found in genes associated with other diagnoses. These patients carried mutations associated with Bloom syndrome, Mulibrey nanism, KBG syndrome, or IGF1R-associated short stature. We could not detect any pathogenic mutation in patients with a negative clinical score. CONCLUSIONS Some of the differential diagnoses detected in the cohort presented here have a major impact on clinical management. Therefore, we emphasize that the molecular defects associated with these clinical pictures should be excluded before the clinical diagnosis "SRS" is made. Finally, we could show that a broad molecular approach including the differential diagnoses of SRS increases the detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Severin Dicks
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - György Fekete
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nils Rahner
- University Clinic Düsseldorf, Institute of Human Genetics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany.
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115
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Chantot-Bastaraud S, Stratmann S, Brioude F, Begemann M, Elbracht M, Graul-Neumann L, Harbison M, Netchine I, Eggermann T. Formation of upd(7)mat by trisomic rescue: SNP array typing provides new insights in chromosomal nondisjunction. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:28. [PMID: 28770003 PMCID: PMC5526280 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) accounts for approximately 10% of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). For upd(7)mat and trisomy 7, a significant number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the postzygotic formation of these chromosomal compositions, but all have been based on as small number of cases. To obtain the ratio of isodisomy and heterodisomy in UPDs (hUPD, iUPD) and to determine the underlying formation mechanisms, we analysed a large cohort of upd(7)mat patients (n = 73) by SNP array typing. Based on these data, we discuss the UPDs and their underlying trisomy 7 formation mechanisms. RESULTS A whole chromosome 7 maternal iUPD was confirmed in 28.8%, a mixture or complete maternal hUPD in 71.2% of patients. CONCLUSIONS We could demonstrate that nondisjunction mechanism affecting chromosome 7 are similar to that of the chromosomes more frequently involved in trisomy (and/or UPD), and that mechanisms other than trisomic rescue have a lower significance than previously suspected. Furthermore, we suggest SNP array typing for future parent- and cell-stage-of origin studies in human aneuploidies as they allow the definite classification of trisomies and UPDs, and provide information on recombinational events and their suggested association with aneuploidy formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
- UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris, 06 Paris, France
- APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Svea Stratmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
- UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris, 06 Paris, France
- APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Madeleine Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
- UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris, 06 Paris, France
- APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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116
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Beygo J, Küchler A, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Albrecht B, Eckle J, Eggermann T, Gellhaus A, Kanber D, Kordaß U, Lüdecke HJ, Purmann S, Rossier E, van de Nes J, van der Werf IM, Wenzel M, Wieczorek D, Horsthemke B, Buiting K. New insights into the imprinted MEG8-DMR in 14q32 and clinical and molecular description of novel patients with Temple syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2017. [PMID: 28635951 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal region 14q32 contains several imprinted genes, which are expressed either from the paternal (DLK1 and RTL1) or the maternal (MEG3, RTL1as and MEG8) allele only. Imprinted expression of these genes is regulated by two differentially methylated regions (DMRs), the germline DLK1/MEG3 intergenic (IG)-DMR (MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR) and the somatic MEG3-DMR (MEG3:TSS-DMR), which are methylated on the paternal and unmethylated on the maternal allele. Disruption of imprinting in the 14q32 region results in two clinically distinct imprinting disorders, Temple syndrome (TS14) and Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS14). Another DMR with a yet unknown function is located in intron 2 of MEG8 (MEG8-DMR, MEG8:Int2-DMR). In contrast to the IG-DMR and the MEG3-DMR, this somatic DMR is methylated on the maternal chromosome and unmethylated on the paternal chromosome. We have performed extensive methylation analyses by deep bisulfite sequencing of the IG-DMR, MEG3-DMR and MEG8-DMR in different prenatal tissues including amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi. In addition, we have studied the methylation pattern of the MEG8-DMR in different postnatal tissues. We show that the MEG8-DMR is hypermethylated in each of 13 non-deletion TS14 patients (seven newly identified and six previously published patients), irrespective of the underlying molecular cause, and is always hypomethylated in the four patients with KOS14, who have different deletions not encompassing the MEG8-DMR itself. The size and the extent of the deletions and the resulting methylation pattern suggest that transcription starting from the MEG3 promoter may be necessary to establish the methylation imprint at the MEG8-DMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Küchler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckle
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, St. Elisabeth-Stiftung, Ravensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Deniz Kanber
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kordaß
- MVZ für Humangenetik und Molekularpathologie Rostock, Zweigstelle Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Purmann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Rossier
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und angewandte Genomik, Universiät Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Genetikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes van de Nes
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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117
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McNamara GI, Davis BA, Dwyer DM, John RM, Isles AR. Behavioural abnormalities in a novel mouse model for Silver Russell Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 25:5407-5417. [PMID: 27798108 PMCID: PMC5418837 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver Russell Syndrome (SRS) syndrome is an imprinting disorder involving low birth weight with complex genetics and diagnostics. Some rare SRS patients carry maternally inherited microduplications spanning the imprinted genes CDKN1C, PHLDA2, SLC22A18 and KCNQ1, suggesting that overexpression of one of more of these genes contributes to the SRS phenotype. While this molecular alteration is very rare, feeding difficulties are a very common feature of this condition. Given that SRS children also have very low body mass index, understanding the underpinning biology of the eating disorder is important, as well as potential co-occurring behavioural alterations. Here, we report that a mouse model of this microduplication exhibits a number of behavioural deficits. The mice had a blunted perception of the palatability of a given foodstuff. This perception may underpin the fussiness with food. We additionally report hypoactivity, unrelated to anxiety or motoric function, and a deficit in the appropriate integration of incoming sensory information. Importantly, using a second genetic model, we were able to attribute all altered behaviours to elevated expression of a single gene, Cdkn1c. This is the first report linking elevated Cdkn1c to altered behaviour in mice. Importantly, the findings from our study may have relevance for SRS and highlight a potentially underreported aspect of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Iseult McNamara
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brittany Ann Davis
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony Roger Isles
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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118
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Inoue T, Nakamura A, Fuke T, Yamazawa K, Sano S, Matsubara K, Mizuno S, Matsukura Y, Harashima C, Hasegawa T, Nakajima H, Tsumura K, Kizaki Z, Oka A, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Genetic heterogeneity of patients with suspected Silver-Russell syndrome: genome-wide copy number analysis in 82 patients without imprinting defects. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:52. [PMID: 28515796 PMCID: PMC5433143 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by pre- and postnatal growth failure and dysmorphic features. Recently, pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs) and imprinting defects other than hypomethylation of the H19-differentially methylated region (DMR) and maternal uniparental disomy chromosome 7 have been reported in patients with the SRS phenotype. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of patients with SRS phenotype caused by PCNVs. Methods We performed array comparative genomic hybridization analysis using a catalog array for 54 patients satisfying the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) (SRS-compatible) and for 28 patients presenting with three NH-CSS items together with triangular face and/or fifth finger clinodactyly and/or brachydactyly (SRS-like) without abnormal methylation levels of 9 DMRs related to known imprinting disorders. We then investigated the clinical features of patients with PCNVs. Results Three of the 54 SRS-compatible patients (5.6%) and 2 of the 28 SRS-like patients (7.1%) had PCNVs. We detected 3.5 Mb deletion in 4p16.3, mosaic trisomy 18, and 3.77–4.00 Mb deletion in 19q13.11-12 in SRS-compatible patients, and 1.41–1.97 Mb deletion in 7q11.23 in both SRS-like patients. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were identified in two patients and moderate to severe global developmental delay was observed in four patients. Conclusions Of the patients in our study, 5.6% of SRS-compatible and 7.1% of SRS-like patients had PCNVs. All PCNVs have been previously reported for genetic causes of contiguous deletion syndromes or mosaic trisomy 18. Our study suggests patients with PCNVs, who have a phenotype resembling SRS, show a high tendency towards CHDs and/or apparent developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kagiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392 Japan
| | - Yoshika Matsukura
- Department of Pediatrics, The Japan Baptist Hospital, 47 Yamanomoto-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8273 Japan
| | - Chie Harashima
- Department of Pediatrics, The Japan Baptist Hospital, 47 Yamanomoto-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8273 Japan
| | - Tatsuji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Hisakazu Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Kumi Tsumura
- Tsumura Family Clinic, Kumi Shounika, 858-1 Watarihashi-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-0004 Japan
| | - Zenro Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, 15-749 Honmachi Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-0981 Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
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Giabicani É, Brioude F, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I. Imprinted disorders and growth. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78:112-113. [PMID: 28478949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth is a complex process. Its restriction is associated with morbidity and long-term metabolic consequences. Imprinted genes have a critical role in mammalian fetal growth. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are two imprinting disorders with opposite fetal growth disturbance. SRS is leading to severe fetal and postnatal growth retardation with severe feeding difficulties during early childhood and long-term metabolic consequences and BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with an enhanced risk of tumors during childhood. Epigenetic (abnormal methylation at the imprinting center regions) or genetic (mutations, duplications, uniparental disomy [UPD]) including defects of imprinted genes on chromosome 11 (BWS and SRS), 7 (SRS) and more recently 14 (SRS) have been identified in these two syndromes. In humans, the 11p15 region contains genes important for the regulation of fetal and postnatal growth. This region includes two imprinted domains: the IGF2/H19 domain regulated by imprinting center region 1 (ICR1 or H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) and the CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 domain regulated by ICR2 (or KCNQ1OT1: TSS DMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Éloïse Giabicani
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Inserm, UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC université Paris 06, 26, avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Inserm, UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC université Paris 06, 26, avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Inserm, UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC université Paris 06, 26, avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- AP-HP, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Inserm, UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC université Paris 06, 26, avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France.
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120
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[Rare diseases with clinical relevance-the Silver-Russell syndrome]. Urologe A 2017; 56:876-881. [PMID: 28314972 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare imprinting disease associated with pre- and postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial features, and asymmetry. Genitourinary abnormalities are seen in up to 20% of affected individuals. Apart from structural renal anomalies, cryptorchidism and hypospadias occur frequently in boys, while girls often have anomalies similar to those in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome with congenital hypoplasia or aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina. Frequently hypospadias repair and orchiopexy are difficult because of lack of buccal mucosa due to facial dysmorphism and intraabdominal position of the testicles, respectively. Anesthetic problems with SRS children can be profound and mostly concern a difficult airway due to facial dysmorphism. Especially the young, very thin SRS patients are prone to hypoglycemia and hypothermia and require close perioperative monitoring. Children with SRS and their families face challenges from birth to adulthood. In case of urogenital abnormalities, they should receive multidisciplinary care by pediatric urologists/surgeons and pediatric anesthesiologists in a center of expertise in rare diseases.
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121
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Scheuvens R, Begemann M, Soellner L, Meschede D, Raabe-Meyer G, Elbracht M, Schubert R, Eggermann T. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 [upd(16)mat]: clinical features are rather caused by (hidden) trisomy 16 mosaicism than by upd(16)mat itself. Clin Genet 2017; 92:45-51. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Scheuvens
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - M. Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - L. Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - M. Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | | | - T. Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
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122
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Wakeling EL, Brioude F, Lokulo-Sodipe O, O'Connell SM, Salem J, Bliek J, Canton APM, Chrzanowska KH, Davies JH, Dias RP, Dubern B, Elbracht M, Giabicani E, Grimberg A, Grønskov K, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Jorge AA, Kagami M, Linglart A, Maghnie M, Mohnike K, Monk D, Moore GE, Murray PG, Ogata T, Petit IO, Russo S, Said E, Toumba M, Tümer Z, Binder G, Eggermann T, Harbison MD, Temple IK, Mackay DJG, Netchine I. Diagnosis and management of Silver-Russell syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:105-124. [PMID: 27585961 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This Consensus Statement summarizes recommendations for clinical diagnosis, investigation and management of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), an imprinting disorder that causes prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Considerable overlap exists between the care of individuals born small for gestational age and those with SRS. However, many specific management issues exist and evidence from controlled trials remains limited. SRS is primarily a clinical diagnosis; however, molecular testing enables confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and defines the subtype. A 'normal' result from a molecular test does not exclude the diagnosis of SRS. The management of children with SRS requires an experienced, multidisciplinary approach. Specific issues include growth failure, severe feeding difficulties, gastrointestinal problems, hypoglycaemia, body asymmetry, scoliosis, motor and speech delay and psychosocial challenges. An early emphasis on adequate nutritional status is important, with awareness that rapid postnatal weight gain might lead to subsequent increased risk of metabolic disorders. The benefits of treating patients with SRS with growth hormone include improved body composition, motor development and appetite, reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and increased height. Clinicians should be aware of possible premature adrenarche, fairly early and rapid central puberty and insulin resistance. Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues can delay progression of central puberty and preserve adult height potential. Long-term follow up is essential to determine the natural history and optimal management in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Susan M O'Connell
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12 DC4A, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, 6645 W. North Avenue, Oak Park, Illinois 60302, USA
| | - Jet Bliek
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Krystyna H Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justin H Davies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Institutes of Metabolism and Systems Research, Vincent Drive, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vincent Drive, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Trousseau Hospital, HUEP, APHP, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 11NW30, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Agnes Linglart
- APHP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Mineral Metabolism and Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Sud Maladies Rares, Hospital Bicêtre Paris Sud, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Department of Pediatrics, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Gran via 199-203, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Development Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip G Murray
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isabelle Oliver Petit
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetic, Bone Disease &Gynecology Unit, Children's Hospital, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Instituto Auxologico Italiano, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, via Ariosto 13 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Edith Said
- Department of Anatomy &Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine &Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine &Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Mater dei Hospital, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Meropi Toumba
- IASIS Hospital, 8 Voriou Ipirou, 8036, Paphos, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street #1192, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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123
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Grafodatskaya D, Choufani S, Basran R, Weksberg R. An Update on Molecular Diagnostic Testing of Human Imprinting Disorders. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:3-17. [PMID: 28180023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Imprinted genes are expressed in a parent of origin manner. Dysregulation of imprinted genes expression causes various disorders associated with abnormalities of growth, neurodevelopment, and metabolism. Molecular mechanisms leading to imprinting disorders and strategies for their diagnosis are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Grafodatskaya
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveen Basran
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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124
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Abi Habib W, Brioude F, Azzi S, Salem J, Das Neves C, Personnier C, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Keren B, Le Bouc Y, Harbison MD, Netchine I. 11p15 ICR1 Partial Deletions Associated with IGF2/H19 DMR Hypomethylation and Silver-Russell Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:105-111. [PMID: 27701793 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 11p15 region harbors the IGF2/H19 imprinted domain, implicated in fetal and postnatal growth. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by fetal and postnatal growth failure, and is caused principally by hypomethylation of the 11p15 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1). However, the mechanisms leading to ICR1 hypomethylation remain unknown. Maternally inherited genetic defects affecting the ICR1 domain have been associated with ICR1 hypermethylation and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (an overgrowth syndrome, the clinical and molecular mirror of SRS), and paternal deletions of IGF2 enhancers have been detected in four SRS patients. However, no paternal deletions of ICR1 have ever been associated with hypomethylation of the IGF2/H19 domain in SRS. We screened for new genetic defects within the ICR1 in a cohort of 234 SRS patients with hypomethylated IGF2/H19 domain. We report deletions close to the boundaries of ICR1 on the paternal allele in one familial and two sporadic cases of SRS with ICR1 hypomethylation. These deletions are associated with hypomethylation of the remaining CBS, and decreased IGF2 expression. These results suggest that these regions are most likely required to maintain methylation after fertilization. We estimate these anomalies to occur in about 1% of SRS cases with ICR1 hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abi Habib
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Frederic Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Salah Azzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France.,Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, RSS/SGA Research and Education Fund, Oak Park, Illinois
| | - Cristina Das Neves
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Claire Personnier
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Service de Pédiatrie, Poissy, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- INSERM U933, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, Paris, 75571, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, CRICM UPMC INSERM UMR_S975/CNRS UMR 7225, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Irene Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, 75571, France
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125
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Eggermann K, Bliek J, Brioude F, Algar E, Buiting K, Russo S, Tümer Z, Monk D, Moore G, Antoniadi T, Macdonald F, Netchine I, Lombardi P, Soellner L, Begemann M, Prawitt D, Maher ER, Mannens M, Riccio A, Weksberg R, Lapunzina P, Grønskov K, Mackay DJG, Eggermann T. EMQN best practice guidelines for the molecular genetic testing and reporting of chromosome 11p15 imprinting disorders: Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1377-87. [PMID: 27165005 PMCID: PMC5027690 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. With the growing knowledge on the molecular basis of these disorders and the demand for molecular testing, it turned out that there is an urgent need for a standardized molecular diagnostic testing and reporting strategy. Based on the results from the first external pilot quality assessment schemes organized by the European Molecular Quality Network (EMQN) in 2014 and in context with activities of the European Network of Imprinting Disorders (EUCID.net) towards a consensus in diagnostics and management of SRS and BWS, best practice guidelines have now been developed. Members of institutions working in the field of SRS and BWS diagnostics were invited to comment, and in the light of their feedback amendments were made. The final document was ratified in the course of an EMQN best practice guideline meeting and is in accordance with the general SRS and BWS consensus guidelines, which are in preparation. These guidelines are based on the knowledge acquired from peer-reviewed and published data, as well as observations of the authors in their practice. However, these guidelines can only provide a snapshot of current knowledge at the time of manuscript submission and readers are advised to keep up with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Thalia Antoniadi
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics – ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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126
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Kagami M, Matsubara K, Nakabayashi K, Nakamura A, Sano S, Okamura K, Hata K, Fukami M, Ogata T. Genome-wide multilocus imprinting disturbance analysis in Temple syndrome and Kagami-Ogata syndrome. Genet Med 2016; 19:476-482. [PMID: 27632690 PMCID: PMC5392596 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have identified multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLIDs) in a subset of patients with imprinting diseases (IDs) caused by epimutations. We examined MLIDs in patients with Temple syndrome (TS14) and Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS14). METHODS We studied four TS14 patients (patients 1-4) and five KOS14 patients (patients 5-9) with epimutations. We performed HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (HM450k) analysis for 43 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (753 CpG sites) and pyrosequencing for 12 DMRs (62 CpG sites) using leukocyte genomic DNA (Leu-gDNA) of patients 1-9, and performed HM450k analysis for 43 DMRs (a slightly different set of 753 CpG sites) using buccal cell gDNA (Buc-gDNA) of patients 1, 3, and 4. We also performed mutation analysis for six causative and candidate genes for MLIDs and quantitative expression analysis using immortalized lymphocytes in MLID-positive patients. RESULTS Methylation analysis showed hypermethylated ZDBF2-DMR and ZNF597/NAA60-DMR, hypomethylated ZNF597-DMR in both Leu-gDNA and Buc-gDNA, and hypomethylated PPIEL-DMR in Buc-gDNA of patient 1, and hypermethylated GNAS-A/B-DMR in Leu-gDNA of patient 3. No mutations were detected in the six genes for MLIDs. Expression patterns of ZDBF2, ZNF597, and GNAS-A/B were consistent with the identified MLIDs. CONCLUSION This study indicates the presence of MLIDs in TS14 patients but not in KOS14 patients.Genet Med 19 4, 476-482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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127
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Soellner L, Begemann M, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Maher ER, Temple IK, Monk D, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I, Eggermann T. Recent Advances in Imprinting Disorders. Clin Genet 2016; 91:3-13. [PMID: 27363536 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are a group of currently 12 congenital diseases with common underlying (epi)genetic etiologies and overlapping clinical features affecting growth, development and metabolism. In the last years it has emerged that ImpDis are characterized by the same types of mutations and epimutations, i.e. uniparental disomies, copy number variations, epimutations, and point mutations. Each ImpDis is associated with a specific imprinted locus, but the same imprinted region can be involved in different ImpDis. Additionally, even the same aberrant methylation patterns are observed in different phenotypes. As some ImpDis share clinical features, clinical diagnosis is difficult in some cases. The advances in molecular and clinical diagnosis of ImpDis help to circumvent these issues, and they are accompanied by an increasing understanding of the pathomechanism behind them. As these mechanisms have important roles for the etiology of other common conditions, the results in ImpDis research have a wider effect beyond the borders of ImpDis. For patients and their families, the growing knowledge contributes to a more directed genetic counseling of the families and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soellner
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Z Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - E R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I K Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - D Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - I Netchine
- INSERM, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - T Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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128
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of review is to summarize new outcomes for the clinical characterization, molecular strategies, and therapeutic management of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). RECENT FINDINGS Various teams have described the clinical characteristics of SRS patients by genotype. A clinical score for the definition of SRS and for orienting molecular investigations has emerged. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (a major fetal growth factor) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SRS, as the principle molecular mechanism underlying the disease is loss of methylation of the 11p15 region, including the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 gene. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 and recently identified rare molecular defects have also been reported in patients with SRS. However, 40% of patients still have no molecular diagnosis. SUMMARY The definition of SRS has remained clinical since the first description of this condition, despite the identification of various molecular causes. The clinical issues faced by these patients are similar to those faced by other patients born small for gestational age (SGA), but patients with SRS require specific multidisciplinary management of their nutrition, growth, and metabolism, as they usually present an extreme form of SGA. Molecular analyses can confirm SRS, and are of particular importance for genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
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129
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Õunap K. Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:110-21. [PMID: 27587987 DOI: 10.1159/000447413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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130
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Goto M, Kagami M, Nishimura G, Yamagata T. A patient with Temple syndrome satisfying the clinical diagnostic criteria of Silver-Russell syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2483-5. [PMID: 27362607 PMCID: PMC5095869 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitaibaraki Municipal General Hospital, Kitaibaraki, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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131
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Sachwitz J, Meyer R, Fekete G, Spranger S, Matulevičienė A, Kučinskas V, Bach A, Luczay A, Brüchle NO, Eggermann K, Zerres K, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. NSD1 duplication in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS): molecular karyotyping in patients with SRS features. Clin Genet 2016; 91:73-78. [PMID: 27172843 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation syndrome characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, relative macrocephaly and protruding forehead, body asymmetry and feeding difficulties. Nearly 50% of cases show a hypomethylation in 11p15.5, in 10% maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 is present. A significant number of patients with SRS features also exhibit chromosomal aberrations. We analyzed 43 individuals referred for SRS genetic testing by molecular karyotyping. Pathogenic variants could be detected in five of them, including a NSD1 duplication in 5q35 and a 14q32 microdeletion. NSD1 deletions are detectable in overgrowth disorders (Sotos syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome), whereas NSD1 duplications are associated with growth retardation. The 14q32 deletion is typically associated with Temple syndrome (TS14), but the identification of a patient in our cohort reflects the clinical overlap between TS14 and SRS. As determination of molecular subtypes is the basis for a directed counseling and therapy, the identification of pathogenic variants in >10% of the total cohort of patients referred for SRS testing and in >16% of characteristic individuals with the characteristic SRS phenotype confirms the need to apply molecular karyotyping in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Fekete
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Spranger
- Praxis für Humangenetik, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Matulevičienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Bach
- HSK Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - A Luczay
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N O Brüchle
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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132
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Eggermann T, Brioude F, Russo S, Lombardi MP, Bliek J, Maher ER, Larizza L, Prawitt D, Netchine I, Gonzales M, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mannens M, Chrzanowska K, Walasek MK, Begemann M, Soellner L, Eggermann K, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Moore GE, Mackay DJG, Temple K, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Ogata T, Weksberg R, Algar E, Lapunzina P. Prenatal molecular testing for Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes: a challenge for molecular analysis and genetic counseling. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:784-93. [PMID: 26508573 PMCID: PMC4867462 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes (BWS/SRS) are two imprinting disorders (IDs) associated with disturbances of the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. In BWS, epimutations and genomic alterations within 11p15.5 are observed in >70% of patients, whereas in SRS they are observed in about 60% of the cases. In addition, 10% of the SRS patients carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 11p15.5. There is an increasing demand for prenatal testing of these disorders owing to family history, indicative prenatal ultrasound findings or aberrations involving chromosomes 7 and 11. The complex molecular findings underlying these disorders are a challenge not only for laboratories offering these tests but also for geneticists counseling affected families. The scope of counseling must consider the range of detectable disturbances and their origin, the lack of precise quantitative knowledge concerning the inheritance and recurrence risks for the epigenetic abnormalities, which are hallmarks of these developmental disorders. In this paper, experts in the field of BWS and SRS, including members of the European network of congenital IDs (EUCID.net; www.imprinting-disorders.eu), put together their experience and work in the field of 11p15.5-associated IDs with a focus on prenatal testing. Altogether, prenatal tests of 160 fetuses (122 referred for BWS, 38 for SRS testing) from 5 centers were analyzed and reviewed. We summarize the current knowledge on BWS and SRS with respect to diagnostic testing, the consequences for prenatal genetic testing and counseling and our cumulative experience in dealing with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria P Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gonzales
- Department of Medical Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universitie, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata K Walasek
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamastu, Japan
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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133
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Luk HM, Ivan Lo FM, Sano S, Matsubara K, Nakamura A, Ogata T, Kagami M. Silver-Russell syndrome in a patient with somatic mosaicism for upd(11)mat identified by buccal cell analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1938-41. [PMID: 27150791 PMCID: PMC5084779 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Fai-Man Ivan Lo
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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134
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Ishida M. New developments in Silver-Russell syndrome and implications for clinical practice. Epigenomics 2016; 8:563-80. [PMID: 27066913 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, relative macrocephaly, body asymmetry and characteristic facial features. It is one of the imprinting disorders, which results as a consequence of aberrant imprinted gene expressions. Currently, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 accounts for approximately 10% of Silver-Russell syndrome cases, while ~50% of patients have hypomethylation at imprinting control region 1 at chromosome 11p15.5 locus, leaving ~40% of cases with unknown etiologies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive list of molecular defects in Silver-Russell syndrome reported to date and to highlight the importance of multiple-loci/tissue testing and trio (both parents and proband) screening. The epigenetic and phenotypic overlaps with other imprinting disorders will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Genetics & Genomic Medicine programme, Genetics & Epigenetics in Health & Diseases Section, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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135
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Sachwitz J, Strobl-Wildemann G, Fekete G, Ambrozaitytė L, Kučinskas V, Soellner L, Begemann M, Eggermann T. Examinations of maternal uniparental disomy and epimutations for chromosomes 6, 14, 16 and 20 in Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:20. [PMID: 26969265 PMCID: PMC4787016 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation disorder with a very broad molecular and clinical spectrum. Whereas the association of SRS with imprinting disturbances of chromosomes 11p15.5 and 7 is generally accepted, there are controversial discussions on the involvement of other molecular changes. The recent reports on the occurrence of maternal uniparental disomies of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 (upd(6, 16, 20)mat), as well as 14q32 imprint alterations in patients with SRS phenotypes raise the question on the involvement of these mutations in the etiology of SRS. Methods A cohort of 54 growth retarded patients with SRS features was screened for aberrant methylation patterns of chromsomes 6, 14, 16 and 20. Results One carrier of a 14q32 epimutation was identified whereas epimutations and maternal UPD for chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 were excluded. Conclusions Our data and those from the literature confirm that 14q32 disturbances significantly contribute to the mutation spectrum in this cohort. Furthermore, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 can be observed, but are rare. In case they occur they can be regarded as causative for clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - György Fekete
- II. Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany.
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136
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Russo S, Calzari L, Mussa A, Mainini E, Cassina M, Di Candia S, Clementi M, Guzzetti S, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Sirchia S, Finelli P, Prontera P, Maitz S, Sorge G, Calcagno A, Maghnie M, Divizia MT, Melis D, Manfredini E, Ferrero GB, Pecile V, Larizza L. A multi-method approach to the molecular diagnosis of overt and borderline 11p15.5 defects underlying Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:23. [PMID: 26933465 PMCID: PMC4772365 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple (epi)genetic defects affecting the expression of the imprinted genes within the 11p15.5 chromosomal region underlie Silver-Russell (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) syndromes. The molecular diagnosis of these opposite growth disorders requires a multi-approach flowchart to disclose known primary and secondary (epi)genetic alterations; however, up to 20 and 30 % of clinically diagnosed BWS and SRS cases remain without molecular diagnosis. The complex structure of the 11p15 region with variable CpG methylation and low-rate mosaicism may account for missed diagnoses. Here, we demonstrate the relevance of complementary techniques for the assessment of different CpGs and the importance of testing multiple tissues to increase the SRS and BWS detection rate. RESULTS Molecular testing of 147 and 450 clinically diagnosed SRS and BWS cases provided diagnosis in 34 SRS and 185 BWS patients, with 9 SRS and 21 BWS cases remaining undiagnosed and herein referred to as "borderline." A flowchart including complementary techniques and, when applicable, the analysis of buccal swabs, allowed confirmation of the molecular diagnosis in all borderline cases. Comparison of methylation levels by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) in borderline and control cases defined an interval of H19/IGF2:IG-DMR loss of methylation that was distinct between "easy to diagnose" and "borderline" cases, which were characterized by values ≤mean -3 standard deviations (SDs) compared to controls. Values ≥mean +1 SD at H19/IGF2: IG-DMR were assigned to borderline hypermethylated BWS cases and those ≤mean -2 SD at KCNQ1OT1: TSS-DMR to hypomethylated BWS cases; these were supported by quantitative pyrosequencing or Southern blot analysis. Six BWS cases suspected to carry mosaic paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 were confirmed by SNP array, which detected mosaicism till 10 %. Regarding the clinical presentation, borderline SRS were representative of the syndromic phenotype, with exception of one patient, whereas BWS cases showed low frequency of the most common features except hemihyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS A conclusive molecular diagnosis was reached in borderline methylation cases, increasing the detection rate by 6 % for SRS and 5 % for BWS cases. The introduction of complementary techniques and additional tissue analyses into routine diagnostic work-up should facilitate the identification of cases undiagnosed because of mosaicism, a distinctive feature of epigenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Ester Mainini
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Candia
- Department of Pediatrics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Division of Pathology - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Division of Pathology - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Sirchia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Hospital "S. M. della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorge
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Sciences, AO "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Calcagno
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Divizia
- Department of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Manfredini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Vanna Pecile
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Foundation IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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137
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Carrera IA, de Zaldívar MS, Martín R, Begemann M, Soellner L, Eggermann T. Microdeletions of the 7q32.2 imprinted region are associated with Silver-Russell syndrome features. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170:743-9. [PMID: 26663145 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The association of maternal uniparental disomy of human chromosome 7 (upd(7) mat) and the growth retardation disorder Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is well established, but the causative gene or region is currently unknown. However, several observations indicate that molecular alterations of the genomically imprinted MEST region in 7q32.2 are associated with growth retardation and a phenotype reminiscent to SRS. We now report on a second patient with a similar phenotype and a de novo 7q32.2 microdeletion including MEST affecting the paternal allele. This confirms the central role of imprinted genes in 7q32.2 in the etiology of a growth retardation phenotype associated with SRS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Arroyo Carrera
- Pediatric Service, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Martín
- Pediatric Service, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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138
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Riess A, Binder G, Ziegler J, Begemann M, Soellner L, Eggermann T. First report on concordant monozygotic twins with Silver-Russell syndrome and ICR1 hypomethylation. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 59:1-4. [PMID: 26691664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Twin pairs with the imprinting disorder Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) have rarely been reported. All six monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs described so far were clinically discordant. In two of the four SRS twin pairs with molecularly proven 11p15.5 epimutation, the healthy twin also showed the molecular alteration in blood cells, but not in the other tested tissues. The clinical discordance is a well-known but poorly understood observation because MZ twins derive from the same zygote. For the second 11p15.5-associated imprinting disorder, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a larger number of twins has been described, here the majority of pairs are MZ but clinically discordant as well. Interestingly, there is a considerable preponderance of females among the MZ twins with BWS, and a functional link between altered imprinting and X chromosome inactivation has been suggested. We now describe two further MZ SRS twins with H19/IGF2:IG-DMR hypomethylation, including the first clinically concordant pair. By summarizing the existing data, an excess of females in MZ twins with SRS is observed, thus confirming the hypothesis that X-chromosome inactivation might trigger the inaccurate methylation of imprinted loci at least in female twin conceptions. The occurrence of a MZ concordant SRS twin pair is exceptional. The detailed molecular characterization of both siblings of a twin pair enables a reliable diagnosis, furthermore it allows insights in the etiology of twinning in association with (aberrant) imprinting marking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University-Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Ziegler
- University-Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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139
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Eggermann T, Perez de Nanclares G, Maher ER, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I. Imprinting disorders: a group of congenital disorders with overlapping patterns of molecular changes affecting imprinted loci. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:123. [PMID: 26583054 PMCID: PMC4650860 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are characterised by molecular changes affecting imprinted chromosomal regions and genes, i.e. genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Recent years have seen a great expansion in the range of alterations in regulation, dosage or DNA sequence shown to disturb imprinted gene expression, and the correspondingly broad range of resultant clinical syndromes. At the same time, however, it has become clear that this diversity of IDs has common underlying principles, not only in shared molecular mechanisms, but also in interrelated clinical impacts upon growth, development and metabolism. Thus, detailed and systematic analysis of IDs can not only identify unifying principles of molecular epigenetics in health and disease, but also support personalisation of diagnosis and management for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ; 3APHP, Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Irène Netchine
- Endocrinology and diabetology for children and reference center for rare disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France
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