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Chatterjee M, Ben-Josef E, Robb R, Vedaie M, Seum S, Thirumoorthy K, Palanichamy K, Harbrecht M, Chakravarti A, Williams TM. Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis Is Critical for Albumin Cellular Uptake and Response to Albumin-Bound Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5925-5937. [PMID: 28923854 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nab-paclitaxel, a nanoparticle conjugate of paclitaxel to human albumin, exhibits efficacy in pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, there is a lack of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who might benefit most from its administration. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by identifying that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a candidate mechanism-based biomarker. Caveolae are small membrane invaginations important for transendothelial albumin uptake. Cav-1, the principal structural component of caveolae, is overexpressed in the cancers noted above that respond to nab-paclitaxel. Thus, we hypothesized that Cav-1 may be critical for albumin uptake in tumors and perhaps determine their response to this drug. Cav-1 protein levels correlated positively with nab-paclitaxel sensitivity. RNAi-mediated attenuation of Cav-1 expression reduced uptake of albumin and nab-paclitaxel in cancer cells and rendered them resistant to nab-paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Conversely, Cav-1 overexpression enhanced sensitivity to nab-paclitaxel. Selection for cellular resistance to nab-paclitaxel in cell culture correlated with a loss of Cav-1 expression. In mouse xenograft models, cancer cells, where Cav-1 was attenuated, exhibited resistance to the antitumor effects of nab-paclitaxel therapy. Overall, our findings suggest Cav-1 as a predictive biomarker for the response to nab-paclitaxel and other albumin-based cancer therapeutic drugs. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5925-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Chatterjee
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Edgar Ben-Josef
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Robb
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marall Vedaie
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Star Seum
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Harbrecht
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.
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Caveolin-1 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells against Acute Ocular Hypertension Injury via Modulating Microglial Phenotypes and Distribution and Activating AKT pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10716. [PMID: 28878269 PMCID: PMC5587691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a group of eye diseases, causes gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and ultimately results in irreversible blindness. Studies of the underlying mechanisms of glaucoma and clinical trial are far from satisfactory. Results from a genome-wide association study have suggested that the CAV1/CAV2 locus is associated with glaucoma, but this association and its potential underlying mechanisms need to be confirmed and further explored. Here, we studied the function of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in an acute ocular hypertension glaucoma model. Cav1 deficiency caused an aggregated lesion in the retina. In addition, treatment with cavtratin, a membrane permeable Cav1 scaffolding domain peptide, enhanced RGC survival. After cavtratin treatment, microglial numbers decreased significantly, and the majority of them migrated from the inner retinal layer to the outer retinal layers. Furthermore, cavtratin promoted a change in the microglia phenotype from the neurotoxic pro-inflammatory M1 to the neuroprotective anti-inflammatory M2. In a molecular mechanism experiment, we found that cavtratin activated the phosphorylation of both AKT and PTEN in cultured N9 cells. Our data highlights the neuroprotective effect of Cav1 on acute ocular hypertension and suggests that Cav1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of glaucoma. We further propose that cavtratin is a therapeutic candidate for glaucoma clinical trials.
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103
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Isolation of Fibroblast-Activation Protein-Specific Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4825108. [PMID: 28890895 PMCID: PMC5584363 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4825108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study is to develop a gentle and efficient method for purification of fibroblast-activation protein positive (FAP+) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from tumor tissues. Fresh tissues were isolated from BALB/c-Nude mice bearing human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), fully minced and separated into three parts, and digested with trypsin digestion and then treated with collagenase type IV once, twice, or thrice, respectively. Finally, the cells were purified by using FAP magnetic beads. The isolated CAFs were grown in culture medium and detected for the surface expression of fibroblast-activation protein (FAP). The number of adherent cells which were obtained by digestion process with twice collagenase type IV digestion was (5.99 ± 0.18) × 104, much more than that with the only once collagenase type IV digestion (2.58 ± 0.41) × 104 (P < 0.0001) and similar to thrice collagenase type IV digestion. The percentage of FAP+ CAFs with twice collagenase type IV digestion (38.5%) was higher than that with the only once collagenase type IV digestion (20.0%) and little higher than thrice collagenase type IV digestion (37.5%). The FAP expression of CAFs was quite different from normal fibroblasts (NFs). The fibroblasts isolated by the innovation are with high purity and being in wonderful condition and display the features of CAFs.
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104
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Andrisic L, Dudzik D, Barbas C, Milkovic L, Grune T, Zarkovic N. Short overview on metabolomics approach to study pathophysiology of oxidative stress in cancer. Redox Biol 2017; 14:47-58. [PMID: 28866248 PMCID: PMC5583394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of oxidative stress with carcinogenesis is well known, but not understood well, as is pathophysiology of oxidative stress generated during different types of anti-cancer treatments. Moreover, recent findings indicate that cancer associated lipid peroxidation might eventually help defending adjacent nonmalignant cells from cancer invasion. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics studies designed for advanced translational and clinical studies are needed to understand the existing paradoxes in oncology, including those related to controversial usage of antioxidants aiming to prevent or treat cancer. In this short review we have tried to put emphasis on the importance of pathophysiology of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in cancer development in relation to metabolic adaptation of particular types of cancer allowing us to conclude that adaptation to oxidative stress is one of the main driving forces of cancer pathophysiology. With the help of metabolomics many novel findings are being achieved thus encouraging further scientific breakthroughs. Combined with targeted qualitative and quantitative methods, especially immunochemistry, further research might reveal bio-signatures of individual patients and respective malignant diseases, leading to individualized treatment approach, according to the concepts of modern integrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Andrisic
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis); Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia.
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105
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Curry J, Johnson J, Tassone P, Vidal MD, Menezes DW, Sprandio J, Mollaee M, Cotzia P, Birbe R, Lin Z, Gill K, Duddy E, Zhan T, Leiby B, Reyzer M, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Tuluc M, Martinez‐Outschoorn U. Metformin effects on head and neck squamous carcinoma microenvironment: Window of opportunity trial. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:1808-1815. [PMID: 28185288 PMCID: PMC5515672 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tumor microenvironment frequently displays abnormal cellular metabolism, which contributes to aggressive behavior. Metformin inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, altering metabolism. Though the mechanism is unclear, epidemiologic studies show an association between metformin use and improved outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We sought to determine if metformin alters metabolism and apoptosis in HNSCC tumors. STUDY DESIGN Window of opportunity trial of metformin between diagnostic biopsy and resection. Participants were patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC. Fifty patients were enrolled, and 39 completed a full-treatment course. Metformin was titrated to standard diabetic dose (2,000 mg/day) for a course of 9 or more days prior to surgery. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the metabolic markers caveolin-1 (CAV1), B-galactosidase (GALB), and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), as well as the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay and Ki-67 IHC, were performed in pre- and postmetformin specimens. Exploratory mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI) to assess lactate levels also was performed in three subjects. RESULTS Metformin was well tolerated. The average treatment course was 13.6 days. Posttreatment specimens showed a significant increase in stromal CAV1 (P < 0.001) and GALB (P < 0.005), as well as tumor cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in stromal MCT4 expression or proliferation measured by Ki67. Lactate levels in carcinoma cells were increased 2.4-fold postmetformin (P < 0.05), as measured by MSI. CONCLUSION Metformin increases markers of reduced catabolism and increases senescence in stromal cells as well as carcinoma cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates that metformin modulates metabolism in the HNSCC microenvironment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1808-1815, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | | | - Patrick Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | | | | | - John Sprandio
- Department of Medical OncologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- Department of PathologyAnatomy, and Cell BiologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of PathologyAnatomy, and Cell BiologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Department of PathologyAnatomy, and Cell BiologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Medical OncologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Kurren Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Elizabeth Duddy
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of BiostatisticsThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Department of BiostatisticsThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Michelle Reyzer
- Department of Biochemistry‐National Research Resource for Imaging Mass SpectrometryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeU.S.A.
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of PathologyAnatomy, and Cell BiologyPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaU.S.A.
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106
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Lyssiotis CA, Kimmelman AC. Metabolic Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:863-875. [PMID: 28734735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are dynamic pseudoorgans that contain numerous cell types interacting to create a unique physiology. Within this network, the malignant cells encounter many challenges and rewire their metabolic properties accordingly. Such changes can be experienced and executed autonomously or through interaction with other cells in the tumor. The focus of this review is on the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment that leads to pathophysiologic interactions that are influenced and shaped by metabolism. They include symbiotic nutrient sharing, nutrient competition, and the role of metabolites as signaling molecules. Examples of such processes abound in normal organismal physiology, and such heterocellular metabolic interactions are repurposed to support tumor metabolism and growth. The importance and ubiquity of these processes are just beginning to be realized, and insights into their role in tumor development and progression are being used to design new drug targets and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Xu H, Zhang L, Chen W, Xu J, Zhang R, Liu R, Zhou L, Hu W, Ju R, Lee C, Lu W, Kumar A, Li X, Tang Z. Inhibitory effect of caveolin-1 in vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76165-76173. [PMID: 29100301 PMCID: PMC5652695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is the principle structural protein of caveolae. It plays important roles in the vascular system under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although Cav1 has been shown to inhibit microvascular permeability and has been considered as a tumor-suppressor for years, the underlying cellular mechanism has yet to be discovered. Here, we systematically investigated Cav1 functions in the main types of vascular cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We synthesized a cell-permeable peptide called cavtratin that is derived from the Cav1 scaffolding domain. We found that cavtratin inhibited ECs in all assays, including survival, proliferation, migration and permeability assays. It also inhibited the proliferation of PCs and SMCs but had no effect on their survival or migration. The inhibitory effect of cavtratin on the proliferation of all vascular cells suggests that Cav1 plays important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. Under physiological condition, the main function of Cav1 is to inhibit EC permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ruting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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Curry J, Tassone P, Gill K, Tuluc M, BarAd V, Mollaee M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Rodeck U, Luginbuhl A, Cognetti D, Keane W, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Tumor Metabolism in the Microenvironment of Nodal Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157:798-807. [PMID: 28608777 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817709224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective In many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), different regions within a tumor have different metabolic phenotypes. Transfer of metabolites between compartments promotes tumor growth and aggressive behavior. Metabolic compartmentalization in HNSCC nodal metastases has not been studied, nor has its impact on extracapsular extension or clinical outcomes been determined. Study Design Retrospective analysis based on immunohistochemistry staining. Setting Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods Primary tumors and nodal metastases from 34 surgically treated oral cavity HNSCC patients with extracapsular extension (ECE) were stained for monocarboyxlate transporter (MCT) 4, MCT1, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20, and Ki-67. Strength of staining was assessed using a computer-assisted pathology algorithm. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores along with clinical factors were used to predict disease-free survival (DFS). Results Patterns of IHC staining showed metabolic compartmentalization both at the primary tumor sites and in nodal metastases. MCT4 staining in the perinodal stroma was significantly higher in specimens with ECE greater than 1 mm (macro-ECE, P = .01). Patients with high perinodal MCT4 staining were compared with those with low perinodal MCT4 staining. On multivariate analysis, only high perinodal MCT4 staining had a significant impact on DFS ( P = .02); patients with high perinodal MCT4 had worse survival. DFS was not significantly worsened by advancing T stage, N stage, ECE extent, or perineural invasion. Conclusion Oral HNSCC displays compartmentalized tumor metabolism at both primary and metastases. Greater cancer-associated stromal conversion around ECE, denoted by high stromal MCT4, may be a biomarker for aggressive disease and worsened DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Curry
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick Tassone
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kurren Gill
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Voichita BarAd
- 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- 5 Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Cognetti
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Keane
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yu T, Yang G, Hou Y, Tang X, Wu C, Wu XA, Guo L, Zhu Q, Luo H, Du YE, Wen S, Xu L, Yin J, Tu G, Liu M. Cytoplasmic GPER translocation in cancer-associated fibroblasts mediates cAMP/PKA/CREB/glycolytic axis to confer tumor cells with multidrug resistance. Oncogene 2017; 36:2131-2145. [PMID: 27721408 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance is a challenging issue in the clinic. There is growing evidence that the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a novel mediator in the development of multidrug resistance in both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and -negative breast cancers, and that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment may be a new agent that promotes drug resistance in tumor cells. However, the role of cytoplasmic GPER of CAFs on tumor therapy remains unclear. Here we first show that the breast tumor cell-activated PI3K/AKT (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT) signaling pathway induces the cytoplasmic GPER translocation of CAFs in a CRM1-dependent pattern, and leads to the activation of a novel estrogen/GPER/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling axis that triggers the aerobic glycolysis switch in CAFs. The glycolytic CAFs feed the extra pyruvate and lactate to tumor cells for augmentation of mitochondrial activity, and this energy metabolically coupled in a 'host-parasite relationship' between catabolic CAFs and anabolic cancer cells confers the tumor cells with multiple drug resistance to several conventional clinical treatments including endocrine therapy (tamoxifen), Her-2-targeted therapy (herceptin) and chemotherapy (epirubicin). Moreover, the clinical data from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography further present a strong association between the GPER/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway of stromal fibroblasts with tumor metabolic activity and clinical treatment, suggesting that targeting cytoplasmic GPER in CAFs may rescue the drug sensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Thus, our data define novel insights into the stromal GPER-mediated multiple drug resistance from the point of reprogramming of tumor energy metabolism and provide the rationale for CAFs as a promising target for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - G Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Hou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-A Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-E Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - G Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Expression of caveolin-1 in breast cancer stroma as a potential prognostic biomarker of survival and progression: a meta-analysis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:558-563. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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111
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Caveolin-1 expression in oral lichen planus, dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:809-814. [PMID: 28554768 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1(Cav-1), the main part of caveolae structure, is supposed to play a role in pathogenesis of many human tumors. Since oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered as a potential premalignant disease, this study evaluated Cav-1 expression in OLP in comparison with benign hyperkeratosis, dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to investigate its possible role in pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of Cav-1 in the epithelial component and stroma was evaluated in 81 samples, including 12 cases of hyperkeratosis, 24 OLP, 22 epithelial dysplasia, and 23 OSCC samples. Correlations between Cav-1 expression and clinicopathological variables were evaluated statistically. Positive Cav-1 staining was found in 58% of OLP, 91% of hyperkeratosis, 100% of epithelial dysplasia, and 95% of OSCC samples. OSCC showed the highest Cav-1 expression and OLP had the lowest (P=0.001). The intensity of staining was significantly increased in stepwise manner from OLP to OSCC (P=0.001). Expression of Cav-1 was related to the grade of samples in OSCC and dysplastic samples (P=0.04). Based on the findings, it was concluded that Cav-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP and carcinogenesis of SCC, but its role in malignant transformation of OLP is not confirmed. Further studies are needed to evaluate its potential therapeutic function in OLP and SCC.
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Progression-related loss of stromal Caveolin 1 levels fosters the growth of human PC3 xenografts and mediates radiation resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41138. [PMID: 28112237 PMCID: PMC5255553 DOI: 10.1038/srep41138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite good treatment results in localized prostate tumors, advanced disease stages usually have a pronounced resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav1) functions here as an important oncogene. Therefore we examined the impact of stromal Cav1 expression for tumor growth and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Silencing of Cav1 expression in PC3 cells resulted in increased tumor growth and a reduced growth delay after IR when compared to tumors generated by Cav1-expressing PC3 cells. The increased radiation resistance was associated with increasing amounts of reactive tumor stroma and a Cav1 re-expression in the malignant epithelial cells. Mimicking the human situation these results were confirmed using co-implantation of Cav1-silenced PC3 cells with Cav1-silenced or Cav1-expressing fibroblasts. Immunohistochemically analysis of irradiated tumors as well as human prostate tissue specimen confirmed that alterations in stromal-epithelial Cav1 expressions were accompanied by a more reactive Cav1-reduced tumor stroma after radiation and within advanced prostate cancer tissues which potentially mediates the resistance to radiation treatment. Conclusively, the radiation response of human prostate tumors is critically regulated by Cav1 expression in stromal fibroblasts. Loss of stromal Cav1 expression in advanced tumor stages may thus contribute to resistance of these tumors to radiotherapy.
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113
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Identification of Caveolin-1 as an Invasion-Associated Gene in Liver Cancer Cells Using Dendron-Coated DNA Microarrays. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1276-1289. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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114
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Costanza B, Umelo IA, Bellier J, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Stromal Modulators of TGF-β in Cancer. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010007. [PMID: 28067804 PMCID: PMC5294960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual activities in malignant disease. It is an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, on the one hand, while it exhibits anti-tumor functions on the other hand. Elucidating the precise role of TGF-β in malignant development and progression requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in its tumor suppressor to tumor promoter switch. One important aspect of TGF-β function is its interaction with proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Several stromal proteins have the natural ability to interact and modulate TGF-β function. Understanding the complex interplay between the TGF-β signaling network and these stromal proteins may provide greater insight into the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β axis. The present review highlights our present understanding of how stroma modulates TGF-β activity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Ijeoma Adaku Umelo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Justine Bellier
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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115
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Zhang Q, Liang Z, Gao Y, Teng M, Niu L. Differentially expressed mitochondrial genes in breast cancer cells: Potential new targets for anti-cancer therapies. Gene 2017; 596:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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116
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Du H, Che G. Genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:3-12. [PMID: 28123515 PMCID: PMC5245074 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. The present review summarizes the recent achievements in understanding the gene profiles of CAFs and pays special attention to their possible epigenetic alterations. A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation. These genetic and epigenetic characteristics are hypothesized to provide a deep understanding of CAFs and a perspective on their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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117
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Yeong J, Thike AA, Tan PH, Iqbal J. Identifying progression predictors of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:102-108. [PMID: 27864452 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to neoplastic epithelial cells proliferating within the mammary ducts of the breast, which have not breached the basement membrane nor invaded surrounding tissues. Traditional thinking holds that DCIS represents an early step in a linear progression towards invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, as only approximately half of DCIS cases progress to IDC, important questions around the key determinants of malignant progression need to be answered. Recent studies have revealed that molecular differences between DCIS and IDC cells are not found at the genomic level; instead, altered patterns of gene expression and post-translational regulation lead to distinct transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Therefore, understanding malignant progression will require a different approach that takes into account the diverse tumour cell extrinsic factors driving changes in tumour cell gene expression necessary for the invasive phenotype. Here, we review the roles of the tumour stroma (including mesenchymal cells, immune cells and the extracellular matrix) and myoepithelial cells in malignant progression and make a case for a more integrated approach to the study and assessment of DCIS and its progression, or lack thereof, to invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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118
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Nwosu ZC, Ebert MP, Dooley S, Meyer C. Caveolin-1 in the regulation of cell metabolism: a cancer perspective. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27852311 PMCID: PMC5112640 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an oncogenic membrane protein associated with endocytosis, extracellular matrix organisation, cholesterol distribution, cell migration and signaling. Recent studies reveal that CAV1 is involved in metabolic alterations – a critical strategy adopted by cancer cells to their survival advantage. Consequently, research findings suggest that CAV1, which is altered in several cancer types, influences tumour development or progression by controlling metabolism. Understanding the molecular interplay between CAV1 and metabolism could help uncover druggable metabolic targets or pathways of clinical relevance in cancer therapy. Here we review from a cancer perspective, the findings that CAV1 modulates cell metabolism with a focus on glycolysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe Chike Nwosu
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
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119
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Liu FL, Mo EP, Yang L, Du J, Wang HS, Zhang H, Kurihara H, Xu J, Cai SH. Autophagy is involved in TGF-β1-induced protective mechanisms and formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts phenotype in tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4122-41. [PMID: 26716641 PMCID: PMC4826194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) present in tumor microenvironment acts in a coordinated fashion to either suppress or promote tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TGF-β1 on tumor microenvironment are not well understood. Our clinical data showed a positive association between TGF-β1 expression and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment of breast cancer patients. Thus we employed starved NIH3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and 4T1 cells mixed with NIH3T3 fibroblasts xenograft model in vivo to simulate nutritional deprivation of tumor microenvironment to explore the effects of TGF-β1. We demonstrated that TGF-β1 protected NIH3T3 fibroblasts from Star-induced growth inhibition, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Interestingly, TGF-β1 induced the formation of CAFs phenotype in starvation (Star)-treated NIH3T3 fibroblasts and xenografted Balb/c mice, which promoted breast cancer tumor growth. In both models, autophagy agonist rapamycin increased TGF-β1-induced protective effects and formation of CAFs phenotypes, while autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, Atg5 knockdown or TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor LY-2157299 blocked TGF-β1 induced these effects. Taken together, our results indicated that TGF-β/Smad autophagy was involved in TGF-β1-induced protective effects and formation of CAFs phenotype in tumor microenvironment, which may be used as therapy targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lan Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - En-Pan Mo
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Du
- Pharmacy College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Pharmacy College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Jun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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120
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Hammarsten P, Dahl Scherdin T, Hägglöf C, Andersson P, Wikström P, Stattin P, Egevad L, Granfors T, Bergh A. High Caveolin-1 Expression in Tumor Stroma Is Associated with a Favourable Outcome in Prostate Cancer Patients Managed by Watchful Waiting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164016. [PMID: 27764093 PMCID: PMC5072718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated whether Caveolin-1 expression in non-malignant and malignant prostate tissue is a potential prognostic marker for outcome in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 was measured in prostate tissues obtained through transurethral resection of the prostate from 395 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The majority of the patients (n = 298) were followed by watchful waiting after diagnosis. Tissue microarrays constructed from malignant and non-malignant prostate tissue were stained with an antibody against Caveolin-1. The staining pattern was scored and related to clinicopathologic parameters and outcome. Microdissection and qRT-PCR analysis of Cav-1 was done of the prostate stroma from non-malignant tissue and stroma from Gleason 3 and 4 tumors. Cav-1 RNA expression was highest in non-malignant tissue and decreased during cancer progression. High expression of Caveolin-1 in tumor stroma was associated with significantly longer cancer specific survival in prostate cancer patients. This association remained significant when Gleason score and local tumor stage were combined with Caveolin-1 in a Cox regression model. High stromal Caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in prostate tumors is associated with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 could possibly become a useful prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients that are potential candidates for active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tove Dahl Scherdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Hägglöf
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Andersson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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121
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Mitochondrial oncobioenergetic index: A potential biomarker to predict progression from indolent to aggressive prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43065-80. [PMID: 26515588 PMCID: PMC4767491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is influenced by alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and changes in the microenvironment occurring during tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that mitochondrial function will be stably and dynamically altered at each stage of the prostate tumor development. We tested this hypothesis in RWPE-1 cells and its tumorigenic clones with progressive malignant characteristics (RWPE-1 < WPE-NA22 < WPE-NB14 < WPE-NB11 < WPE-NB26) using high-throughput respirometry. Our studies demonstrate that mitochondrial content do not change with increasing malignancy. In premalignant cells (WPE-NA22 and WPE-NB14), OXPHOS is elevated in presence of glucose or glutamine alone or in combination compared to RWPE-1 cells and decreases with increasing malignancy. Glutamine maintained higher OXPHOS than glucose and suggests that it may be an important substrate for the growth and proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. Glycolysis significantly increases with malignancy and follow a classical Warburg phenomenon. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is significantly lower in tumorigenic clones and invasive WPE-NB26 does not utilize FAO at all. In this paper, we introduce for the first time the mitochondrial oncobioenergetic index (MOBI), a mathematical representation of oncobioenergetic profile of a cancer cell, which increases significantly upon transformation into localized premalignant form and rapidly falls below the normal as they become aggressive in prostate tumorigenesis. We have validated this in five prostate cancer cell lines and MOBI appears to be not related to androgen dependence or mitochondrial content, but rather dependent on the stage of the cancer. Altogether, we propose that MOBI could be a potential biomarker to distinguish aggressive cancer from that of indolent disease.
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122
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Randall-Demllo S, Fernando R, Brain T, Sohal SS, Cook AL, Guven N, Kunde D, Spring K, Eri R. Characterisation of colonic dysplasia-like epithelial atypia in murine colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8334-8348. [PMID: 27729740 PMCID: PMC5055864 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if exacerbation of pre-existing chronic colitis in Winnie (Muc2 mutant) mice induces colonic dysplasia.
METHODS Winnie mice and C57BL6 as a genotype control, were administered 1% w/v dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) orally, followed by drinking water alone in week-long cycles for a total of three cycles. After the third cycle, mice were killed and colonic tissue collected for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Inflammation and severity of dysplasia in the colonic mucosa were assessed in H&E sections of the colon. Epithelial cell proliferation was assessed using Ki67 and aberrant β-catenin signalling assessed with enzyme-based immunohistochemistry. Extracted RNA from colonic segments was used for the analysis of gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, the distribution of Cxcl5 was visualised using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS Compared to controls, Winnie mice exposed to three cycles of DSS displayed inflammation mostly confined to the distal-mid colon with extensive mucosal hyperplasia and regenerative atypia resembling epithelial dysplasia. Dysplasia-like changes were observed in 100% of Winnie mice exposed to DSS, with 55% of these animals displaying changes similar to high-grade dysplasia, whereas high-grade changes were absent in wild-type mice. Occasional penetration of the muscularis mucosae by atypical crypts was observed in 27% of Winnie mice after DSS. Atypical crypts however displayed no evidence of oncogenic nuclear β-catenin accumulation, regardless of histological severity. Expression of Cav1, Trp53 was differentially regulated in the distal colon of Winnie relative to wild-type mice. Expression of Myc and Ccl5 was increased by DSS treatment in Winnie only. Furthermore, increased Ccl5 expression correlated with increased complexity in abnormal crypts. While no overall difference in Cxcl5 mucosal expression was observed between treatment groups, epithelial Cxcl5 protein appeared to be diminished in the atypical epithelium.
CONCLUSION Alterations to the expression of Cav1, Ccl5, Myc and Trp53 in the chronically inflamed Winnie colon may influence the transition to dysplasia.
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123
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Gu X, Reagan AM, McClellan ME, Elliott MH. Caveolins and caveolae in ocular physiology and pathophysiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:84-106. [PMID: 27664379 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized, invaginated plasma membrane domains that are defined morphologically and by the expression of signature proteins called, caveolins. Caveolae and caveolins are abundant in a variety of cell types including vascular endothelium, glia, and fibroblasts where they play critical roles in transcellular transport, endocytosis, mechanotransduction, cell proliferation, membrane lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. Given these critical cellular functions, it is surprising that ablation of the caveolae organelle does not result in lethality suggesting instead that caveolae and caveolins play modulatory roles in cellular homeostasis. Caveolar components are also expressed in ocular cell types including retinal vascular cells, Müller glia, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), conventional aqueous humor outflow cells, the corneal epithelium and endothelium, and the lens epithelium. In the eye, studies of caveolae and other membrane microdomains (i.e., "lipid rafts") have lagged behind what is a substantial body of literature outside vision science. However, interest in caveolae and their molecular components has increased with accumulating evidence of important roles in vision-related functions such as blood-retinal barrier homeostasis, ocular inflammatory signaling, pathogen entry at the ocular surface, and aqueous humor drainage. The recent association of CAV1/2 gene loci with primary open angle glaucoma and intraocular pressure has further enhanced the need to better understand caveolar functions in the context of ocular physiology and disease. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive review of literature on caveolae, caveolins, and other membrane domains in the context of visual system function. This review highlights the importance of caveolae domains and their components in ocular physiology and pathophysiology and emphasizes the need to better understand these important modulators of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alaina M Reagan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mark E McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Quek LE, Liu M, Joshi S, Turner N. Fast exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node: a leaky cell model to explain the gain and loss of unlabelled and labelled metabolites in a tracer experiment. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:13. [PMID: 27379180 PMCID: PMC4931697 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and glutamine are the two dominant metabolic substrates in cancer cells. In (13)C tracer experiments, however, it is necessary to account for all significant input substrates, as some natural (unlabelled) substrate in the medium, often derived from serum, can be metabolised by cells despite not showing signs of net consumption. RESULTS Using [U-(13)C6]-glucose tracers and measuring extracellular metabolite enrichments by GC-MS, we found that pancreatic cells HPDE and PANC-1 secrete lactate, pyruvate, TCA cycle metabolites and non-essential amino acids synthesised from glucose. Focusing our investigations on pyruvate exchange in HEK293 cells, we observed that the four metabolites pools, intracellular and extracellular lactate and pyruvate, had similar (13)C enrichment trajectories. This indicated that these metabolites can mix rapidly. Using a hybrid (13)C-MFA, we followed to show that the lactate exchange flux had increased when extracellular lactate concentration was increased by 10-fold. By allowing rapid exchange fluxes around the pyruvate node, (13)C-MFA revealed that PANC-1 cells cultured in [U-(13)C6]-glucose doubled the conversion of unlabelled substrates to pyruvate when treated with TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS The current work established the possibility that a cell's range of significant input substrates may be broader than anticipated. Metabolite exchange can affect intracellular enrichments. In particular, we showed that pyruvate was more strongly connected to lactate than to upstream glycolytic intermediates and that a fast lactate exchange may alter the outcome of flux analyses. Nevertheless, the leaky cell model may be an opportunity in disguise-the ability to continuously monitor metabolism using only the enrichments of extracellular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Ee Quek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ; The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sanket Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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125
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Caveolin-1/-3: therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:45. [PMID: 27282376 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) are essential for the protective effects of conditioning against myocardial I/R injury. Caveolins are membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and modulate signal transduction. In this review, we introduce caveolae and caveolins and briefly describe the interactions of caveolins in the cardiovascular diseases. We also review the roles of Cav-1/-3 in protection against myocardial ischemia and I/R injury, and in conditioning. Finally, we suggest several potential research avenues that may be of interest to clinicians and basic scientists. The information included, herein, is potentially useful for the design of future studies and should advance the investigation of caveolins as therapeutic targets.
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Abstract
Awareness that the metabolic phenotype of cells within tumours is heterogeneous - and distinct from that of their normal counterparts - is growing. In general, tumour cells metabolize glucose, lactate, pyruvate, hydroxybutyrate, acetate, glutamine, and fatty acids at much higher rates than their nontumour equivalents; however, the metabolic ecology of tumours is complex because they contain multiple metabolic compartments, which are linked by the transfer of these catabolites. This metabolic variability and flexibility enables tumour cells to generate ATP as an energy source, while maintaining the reduction-oxidation (redox) balance and committing resources to biosynthesis - processes that are essential for cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Importantly, experimental evidence indicates that metabolic coupling between cell populations with different, complementary metabolic profiles can induce cancer progression. Thus, targeting the metabolic differences between tumour and normal cells holds promise as a novel anticancer strategy. In this Review, we discuss how cancer cells reprogramme their metabolism and that of other cells within the tumour microenvironment in order to survive and propagate, thus driving disease progression; in particular, we highlight potential metabolic vulnerabilities that might be targeted therapeutically.
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Tang S, Hou Y, Zhang H, Tu G, Yang L, Sun Y, Lang L, Tang X, Du YE, Zhou M, Yu T, Xu L, Wen S, Liu C, Liu M. Oxidized ATM promotes abnormal proliferation of breast CAFs through maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and activating the PI3K-AKT, MEK-ERK, and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1908-24. [PMID: 25970706 PMCID: PMC4615140 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1041685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation is one characteristic of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which play a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Oxidative stress (OS) is the root cause of CAFs abnormal proliferation. ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein kinase), an important redox sensor, is involved in DNA damage response and cellular homeostasis. Whether and how oxidized ATM regulating CAFs proliferation remains unclear. In this study, we show that there is a high level of oxidized ATM in breast CAFs in the absence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and that oxidized ATM plays a critical role in CAFs proliferation. The effect of oxidized ATM on CAFs proliferation is mediated by its regulation of cellular redox balance and the activity of the ERK, PI3K-AKT, and Wnt signaling pathways. Treating cells with antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) partially rescues the proliferation defect of the breast CAFs caused by ATM deficiency. Administrating cells with individual or a combination of specific inhibitors of the ERK, PI3K-AKT, and Wnt signaling pathways mimics the effect of ATM deficiency on breast CAF proliferation. This is mainly ascribed to the β-catenin suppression and down-regulation of c-Myc, thus further leading to the decreased cyclinD1, cyclinE, and E2F1 expression and the enhanced p21(Cip1) level. Our results reveal an important role of oxidized ATM in the regulation of the abnormal proliferation of breast CAFs. Oxidized ATM could serve as a potential target for treating breast cancer.
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Key Words
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- CAFs, cancer associated fibroblasts
- CCNA2, cyclin A2
- CCNB2, cyclin B2
- CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1
- CDKN2B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B
- DSBs, double strand breaks
- E2F1, E2F transcription factor 1
- NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine
- NFs, normal fibroblasts
- OS, oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TM, tumor microenvironment
- abnormal proliferation
- breast cancer
- cancer-associated fibroblasts
- oxidative stress
- oxidized ATM
- proliferation signaling pathways
- reactive oxygen species
- redox homeostasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tang
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics; Chinese Ministry of Education; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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Yang K, Lu W, Jiang Q, Yun X, Zhao M, Jiang H, Wang J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Mediated Inhibition on Hypoxia-Triggered Store-Operated Calcium Entry. A Caveolin-1-Dependent Mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:882-92. [PMID: 26020612 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0002oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous publication demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibits the pathogenesis of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In this study, we aim to determine the role of a membrane scaffolding protein, caveolin-1, during the suppressive process of PPARγ on SOCE. Adult (6-8 weeks) male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were exposed to CH (10% O2) for 21 days to establish CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. Primary cultured rat distal PASMCs were applied for the molecular biological experiments. First, hypoxic exposure led to 2.5-fold and 1-fold increases of caveolin-1 protein expression in the distal pulmonary arteries and PASMCs, respectively. Second, effective knockdown of caveolin-1 significantly reduced hypoxia-induced SOCE for 58.2% and 41.5%, measured by Mn(2+) quenching and extracellular Ca(2+) restoration experiments, respectively. These results suggested that caveolin-1 acts as a crucial regulator of SOCE, and hypoxia-up-regulated caveolin-1 largely accounts for hypoxia-elevated SOCE in PASMCs. Then, by using a high-potency PPARγ agonist, GW1929, we detected that PPARγ activation inhibited SOCE and caveolin-1 protein for 62.5% and 59.8% under hypoxia, respectively, suggesting that caveolin-1 also acts as a key target during the suppressive process of PPARγ on SOCE in PASMCs. Moreover, by using effective small interfering RNAs against PPARγ and caveolin-1, and PPARγ antagonist, T0070907, we observed that PPARγ plays an inhibitory role on caveolin-1 protein by promoting its lysosomal degradation, without affecting the messenger RNA level. PPARγ inhibits SOCE, at least partially, by suppressing cellular caveolin-1 protein in PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Wenju Lu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Qian Jiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Xin Yun
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Mingming Zhao
- 3 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,4 Division of Pulmonary, the People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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129
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Liu WR, Jin L, Tian MX, Jiang XF, Yang LX, Ding ZB, Shen YH, Peng YF, Gao DM, Zhou J, Qiu SJ, Dai Z, Fan J, Shi YH. Caveolin-1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis via autophagy inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016. [PMID: 26206578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 is a member of the caveolae family of membrane proteins. Although some researchers have investigated the function of Caveolin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, the mechanism of Caveolin-1 action and its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. METHODS Caveolin-1 expression was measured in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. In in vitro experiments, Caveolin-1 was depleted using a short hairpin RNA lentiviral vector, and tumor cell behavior was analyzed. The effect of Caveolin-1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell autophagy was investigated. Prognostic value of Caveolin-1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in two cohorts that included a total of 721 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. RESULTS We found that Caveolin-1 was overexpressed in highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues. Moreover, Caveolin-1 promoted hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis and inhibited autophagy. Finally, Caveolin-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was inversely correlated with patient overall survival and time to recurrence. CONCLUSION Our data obtained from cell lines suggest an oncogenic role for Caveolin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, Caveolin-1 contributed to hepatocellular carcinoma cell autophagy deficiency. Furthermore, Caveolin-1 may function as a novel prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection, and combination of targeted therapy aimed at Caveolin-1 and autophagy modulation may represent an effective way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xin Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Fei Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Xiao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Fei Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180, FengLin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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130
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Pacheco-Marín R, Melendez-Zajgla J, Castillo-Rojas G, Mandujano-Tinoco E, Garcia-Venzor A, Uribe-Carvajal S, Cabrera-Orefice A, Gonzalez-Torres C, Gaytan-Cervantes J, Mitre-Aguilar IB, Maldonado V. Transcriptome profile of the early stages of breast cancer tumoral spheroids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23373. [PMID: 27021602 PMCID: PMC4810430 DOI: 10.1038/srep23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen or nutrient deprivation of early stage tumoral spheroids can be used to reliably mimic the initial growth of primary and metastatic cancer cells. However, cancer cell growth during the initial stages has not been fully explored using a genome-wide approach. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the transcriptome of breast cancer cells during the initial stages of tumoral growth using RNAseq in a model of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MTS). Network analyses showed that a metastatic signature was enriched as several adhesion molecules were deregulated, including EPCAM, E-cadherin, integrins and syndecans, which were further supported by an increase in cell migration. Interestingly, we also found that the cancer cells at this stage of growth exhibited a paradoxical hyperactivation of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, we found a large number of regulated (long non coding RNA) lncRNAs, several of which were co-regulated with neighboring genes. The regulatory role of some of these lncRNAs on mRNA expression was demonstrated with gain of function assays. This is the first report of an early-stage MTS transcriptome, which not only reveals a complex expression landscape, but points toward an important contribution of long non-coding RNAs in the final phenotype of three-dimensional cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pacheco-Marín
- Epigenetics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610.,Posgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (UNAM), University City Avenue 3000 C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics laboratories, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
| | - Gonzalo Castillo-Rojas
- Microbial Molecular Immunology Program, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City Avenue 3000 C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Edna Mandujano-Tinoco
- Functional Genomics laboratories, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Venzor
- Functional Genomics laboratories, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cellular Physiology (UNAM), University City Avenue 3000 C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cellular Physiology (UNAM), University City Avenue 3000 C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Torres
- Functional Genomics laboratories, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
| | - Javier Gaytan-Cervantes
- Functional Genomics laboratories, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
| | - Irma B Mitre-Aguilar
- Unit of Biochemistry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Av. Vasco de Quiroga N° 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan. CP.14080, México D. F., México
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., C.P 14610
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131
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Sohn J, Brick RM, Tuan RS. From embryonic development to human diseases: The functional role of caveolae/caveolin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:45-64. [PMID: 26991990 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae, an almost ubiquitous, structural component of the plasma membrane, play a critical role in many functions essential for proper cell function, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Three main types of caveolin proteins have been identified from caveolae since the discovery of caveolin-1 in the early 1990s. All three (Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3) play crucial roles in mammalian physiology, and can effect pathogenesis in a wide range of human diseases. While many biological activities of caveolins have been uncovered since its discovery, their role and regulation in embryonic develop remain largely poorly understood, although there is increasing evidence that caveolins may be linked to lung and brain birth defects. Further investigations are clearly needed to decipher how caveolae/caveolins mediate cellular functions and activities of normal embryogenesis and how their perturbations contribute to developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel M Brick
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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132
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. STRIPAK complexes in cell signaling and cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4549-57. [PMID: 26876214 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes are striatin-centered multicomponent supramolecular structures containing both kinases and phosphatases. STRIPAK complexes are evolutionarily conserved and have critical roles in protein (de)phosphorylation. Recent studies indicate that STRIPAK complexes are emerging mediators and regulators of multiple vital signaling pathways including Hippo, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), nuclear receptor and cytoskeleton remodeling. Different types of STRIPAK complexes are extensively involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes ranging from cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis to metabolism, immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Growing evidence correlates dysregulation of STRIPAK complexes with human diseases including cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the assembly and functions of STRIPAK complexes, with a special focus on cell signaling and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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133
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Genetic alterations in fatty acid transport and metabolism genes are associated with metastatic progression and poor prognosis of human cancers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18669. [PMID: 26725848 PMCID: PMC4698658 DOI: 10.1038/srep18669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark feature of cancer cells. While a distinct set of processes drive metastasis when compared to tumorigenesis, it is yet unclear if genetic alterations in metabolic pathways are associated with metastatic progression of human cancers. Here, we analyzed the mutation, copy number variation and gene expression patterns of a literature-derived model of metabolic genes associated with glycolysis (Warburg effect), fatty acid metabolism (lipogenesis, oxidation, lipolysis, esterification) and fatty acid uptake in >9000 primary or metastatic tumor samples from the multi-cancer TCGA datasets. Our association analysis revealed a uniform pattern of Warburg effect mutations influencing prognosis across all tumor types, while copy number alterations in the electron transport chain gene SCO2, fatty acid uptake (CAV1, CD36) and lipogenesis (PPARA, PPARD, MLXIPL) genes were enriched in metastatic tumors. Using gene expression profiles, we established a gene-signature (CAV1, CD36, MLXIPL, CPT1C, CYP2E1) that strongly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal program across multiple cancers. Moreover, stratification of samples based on the copy number or expression profiles of the genes identified in our analysis revealed a significant effect on patient survival rates, thus confirming prominent roles of fatty acid uptake and metabolism in metastatic progression and poor prognosis of human cancers.
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134
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Choi YJ, Yoo WH. Pathogenic Role of Autophagy in Rheumatic Diseases. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.4.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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135
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Cha SH, Choi YR, Heo CH, Kang SJ, Joe EH, Jou I, Kim HM, Park SM. Loss of parkin promotes lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis through accumulating caveolin-1: implications for Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:63. [PMID: 26627850 PMCID: PMC4666086 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor dysfunctions. While most PD is sporadic in nature, a significant subset can be linked to either autosomal dominant or recessive mutations. PARK2, encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase, parkin, is the most frequently mutated gene in autosomal recessive early onset PD. It has recently been reported that PD-associated gene products such as PINK1, α-synuclein, LRRK2, and DJ-1, as well as parkin associate with lipid rafts, suggesting that the dysfunction of these proteins in lipid rafts may be a causal factor of PD. Therefore here, we examined the relationship between lipid rafts-related proteins and parkin. Results We identified caveolin-1 (cav-1), which is one of the major constituents of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, as a substrate of parkin. Loss of parkin function was found to disrupt the ubiquitination and degradation of cav-1, resulting in elevated cav-1 protein level in cells. Moreover, the total cholesterol level and membrane fluidity was altered by parkin deficiency, causing dysregulation of lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis. Further, cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein was facilitated by parkin deficiency. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that alterations in lipid rafts by the loss of parkin via cav-1 may be a causal factor of PD, and cav-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seo-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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136
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Shi XY, Xiong LX, Xiao L, Meng C, Qi GY, Li WL. Downregulation of caveolin‑1 upregulates the expression of growth factors and regulators in co‑culture of fibroblasts with cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:744-52. [PMID: 26647977 PMCID: PMC4686091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tumor stromal fibroblasts influences the occurrence and progression of tumors, particularly in breast cancer, but the relevant molecular mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism underlying the promotion of tumor growth by reduced Cav-1 expression levels, by investigating Cav-1-targeted molecules in fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. The expression of growth factors in the ESF fibroblast cell line transfected with Cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was examined. The expression of apoptotic regulators in the BT474 breast cancer cell line that was co-cultured with the fibroblasts, was also investigated. The transfection of Cav-1-targeting siRNA in ESF cells resulted in efficient and specific inhibition of Cav-1 expression. The downregulation of Cav-1 increased the expression and secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in ESF cells. This resulted in the accelerated proliferation of the breast cancer cells. Tumor protein 53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) was upregulated in the BT474 cells under the condition of co-culture with Cav-1 siRNA fibroblasts, while levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were decreased, resulting in apoptosis inhibition in the breast cancer cells. These results demonstrated that the downregulation of Cav-1 promoted the growth of breast cancer cells through increasing SDF-1, EGF and FSP-1 in tumor stromal fibroblasts, and TIGAR levels in breast cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study supports the hypothesis that Cav-1 possesses tumor-suppressor properties, with the mechanism of Cav-1-dependent signaling involving the regulation of SDF-1, EGF, FSP-1 and TIGAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Molecular Center Laboratory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Yun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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137
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Perera RM, Bardeesy N. Pancreatic Cancer Metabolism: Breaking It Down to Build It Back Up. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1247-61. [PMID: 26534901 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED How do cancer cells escape tightly controlled regulatory circuits that link their proliferation to extracellular nutrient cues? An emerging theme in cancer biology is the hijacking of normal stress response mechanisms to enable growth even when nutrients are limiting. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the quintessential aggressive malignancy that thrives in nutrient-poor, hypoxic environments. PDAs overcome these limitations through appropriation of unorthodox strategies for fuel source acquisition and utilization. In addition, the interplay between evolving PDA and whole-body metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis. Deciphering how these pathways function and integrate with one another can reveal novel angles of therapeutic attack. SIGNIFICANCE Alterations in tumor cell and systemic metabolism are central to the biology of pancreatic cancer. Further investigation of these processes will provide important insights into how these tumors develop and grow, and suggest new approaches for its detection, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika M Perera
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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138
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Kang J, Park JH, Lee HJ, Jo U, Park JK, Seo JH, Kim YH, Kim I, Park KH. Caveolin-1 Modulates Docetaxel-Induced Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cell Subtypes through Different Mechanisms. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:715-26. [PMID: 26511813 PMCID: PMC4843731 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression is more associated with basal-like cancers than estrogen receptor- or ErbB-2–expressing breast cancers. However, the biological relevance of different levels of CAV-1 expression according to subtype in the epithelial compartment of breast cancer remains unclear. Materials and Methods We investigated whether CAV-1 functions as a tumor suppressor and/or modulator of the cytotoxic activity of docetaxel (DTX) in subtypes of breast cancer using in vitro and xenograft models. Results The levels of CAV-1 expression were closely associated with DTX sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. In addition, CAV-1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and modulated DTX-induced apoptosis through cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. The mechanisms underlying DTX-induced apoptosis differed in breast cancers according to the levels of CAV-1 expression. DTX robustly enhanced Bcl-2 inactivation by CAV-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, while p53-mediated cell cycle arrest by DTX was more pronounced in CAV-1–low but p53-functional MCF-7 cells. In parallel with the data from breast cancer cell lines, CAV-1–transfected MCF-7 cells showed higher efficacy of DTX treatment in a xenograft model. Conclusion We clearly demonstrated cooperative effects between CAV-1 and DTX in mediating apoptosis, suggesting that the levels of CAV-1 expression might be an important indicator for DTX use in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kang
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hee Park
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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139
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Liao TL, Tzeng CR, Yu CL, Wang YP, Kao SH. Estrogen receptor-β in mitochondria: implications for mitochondrial bioenergetics and tumorigenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1350:52-60. [PMID: 26301952 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen enhances mitochondrial function by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and sustaining mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity. Shifts in mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis have been hypothesized to be involved in estrogen-induced tumorigenesis. Studies have shown that mitochondria are an important target of estrogen. Estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) has been shown to localize to mitochondria in a ligand-dependent or -independent manner and can affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and anti-apoptotic signaling. However, the functional role of mitochondrial ERβ in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Clinical studies of ERβ-related tumorigenesis have shown that ERβ stimulates mitochondrial metabolism to meet the high energy demands of processes such as cell proliferation, cell survival, and transformation. Thus, in elucidating the precise role of mitochondrial ERβ in cell transformation and tumorigenesis, it will be particularly valuable to explore new approaches for the development of medical treatments targeting mitochondrial ERβ-mediated mitochondrial function and preventing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lan Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yi-Pei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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140
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Elkhattouti A, Hassan M, Gomez CR. Stromal Fibroblast in Age-Related Cancer: Role in Tumorigenesis and Potential as Novel Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2015; 5:158. [PMID: 26284191 PMCID: PMC4515566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of most common cancers increases with age due to accumulation of damage to cells and tissues. Stroma, the structure close to the basement membrane, is gaining increased attention from clinicians and researchers due to its increasingly, yet incompletely understood role in the development of age-related cancer. With advanced age, stroma generates a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, exemplified by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Components of the SASP, such as cytokines, chemokines, and high energy metabolites are main drivers of age-related cancer initiation and sustain its progression. Our purpose is to provide insight into the mechanistic role of the stroma, with particular emphasis on stromal fibroblasts, on the development of age-related tumors. We also present evidence of the potential of the stroma as target for tumor therapy. Likewise, a rationale for age-related antitumor therapy targeting the stroma is presented. We expect to foster debate on the underlining basis of age-related cancer pathobiology. We also would like to promote discussion on novel stroma-based anticancer therapeutic strategies tailored to treat the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
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141
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Fiering S, Ang LH, Lacoste J, Smith TD, Griner E. Registered report: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and metastasis. eLife 2015; 4:e04796. [PMID: 26179155 PMCID: PMC4503935 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replicating selected results from a number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012 were selected on the basis of citations and Altimetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from ‘Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and metastasis’ by Goetz and colleagues, published in Cell in 2011 (Goetz et al., 2011). The key experiments being replicated are those reported in Figures 7C (a-d), Supplemental Figure S2A, and Supplemental Figure S7C (a-c) (Goetz et al., 2011). In these experiments, which are a subset of all the experiments reported in the original publication, Goetz and colleagues show in a subcutaneous xenograft model that stromal caveolin-1 remodels the intratumoral microenvironment, which is correlated with increased metastasis formation. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange and the results of the replications will be published in eLife. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04796.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fiering
- Transgenics and Genetic Constructs Shared Resource Center, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, United States
| | - Lay-Hong Ang
- Confocal Imaging Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Tim D Smith
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Erin Griner
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
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142
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Yan P, Li YH, Tang ZJ, Shu X, Liu X. High monocarboxylate transporter 4 protein expression in stromal cells predicts adverse survival in gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8923-9. [PMID: 25374230 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that stromal monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) may play key roles in tumor development. However, their clinical value remains largely unexplored in gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to determine clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of stromal MCT4 and CA IX in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens from 143 GC patients were immunohistochemically stained using polyclonal anti-MCT4 and anti-CA IX antibodies. Expression was correlated with patient clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data. RESULTS High stromal MCT4 expression was detected in 72 of 143 (50.3%) GCs and high CA IX in 74 (51.7%). Both high stromal MCT4 and CA IX were correlated with advanced TNM stage (p=0.000; p=0.000). High CA IX expression was positively related to depth of invasion (p=0.022) and positive lymph nodes (p=0.002) as well. Survival analysis indicated high expression of stromal MCT4 to be an independent factor in predicting poor overall survival (OS) (HR and 95%CI=1.962, 1.032-3.729, p=0.040) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR and 95%CI=2.081, 1.158-3.741, p=0.014) of GC patients. However, high CA IX expression exhibited no significant predictive value. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high expression of stromal MCT4 and CA IX proteins is significantly correlated with GC progression. High stromal MCT4 heralds worse outcome of GC patient, suggesting a novel candidate prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China E-mail :
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143
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Laurenzana A, Fibbi G, Chillà A, Margheri G, Del Rosso T, Rovida E, Del Rosso M, Margheri F. Lipid rafts: integrated platforms for vascular organization offering therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1537-57. [PMID: 25552244 PMCID: PMC11113367 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the nanoscale membrane structures known as lipid rafts is relevant to the fields of cancer biology, inflammation and ischaemia. Lipid rafts recruit molecules critical to signalling and regulation of the invasion process in malignant cells, the leukocytes that provide immunity in inflammation and the endothelial cells that build blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as the patterning of neural networks. As angiogenesis is a common denominator, regulation of receptors and signalling molecules critical to angiogenesis is central to the design of new approaches aimed at reducing, promoting or normalizing the angiogenic process. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the key issues that indicate the involvement of endothelial cell lipid rafts at each step of so-called 'sprouting angiogenesis', from stimulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor to the choice of tip cells, activation of migratory and invasion pathways, recruitment of molecules that guide axons in vascular patterning and maturation of blood vessels. Finally, the review addresses opportunities for future studies to define how these lipid domains (and their constituents) may be manipulated to stimulate the so-called 'normalization' of vascular networks within tumors, and be identified as the main target, enabling the development of more efficient chemotherapeutics and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Margheri
- Institute of Complex Systems (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- Department of Physics, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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144
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Abstract
It has been over 20 years since the discovery that caveolar lipid rafts function as signalling organelles. Lipid rafts create plasma membrane heterogeneity, and caveolae are the most extensively studied subset of lipid rafts. A newly emerging paradigm is that changes in caveolae also generate tumour metabolic heterogeneity. Altered caveolae create a catabolic tumour microenvironment, which supports oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells and which contributes to dismal survival rates for cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss the role of caveolae in tumour progression, with a special emphasis on their metabolic and cell signalling effects, and their capacity to transform the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Federica Sotgia
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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145
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Sun P, Hou X, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhou BP, Mi J. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by IDH3α downregulation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1335-48. [PMID: 25732824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) provide critical metabolites for tumor growth and undergo metabolic reprogramming to support glycolysis. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this change remain unclear. Here, we report that TGF-β1- or PDGF-induced CAFs switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. We identify downregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) as a marker for this switch. Furthermore, miR-424 downregulates IDH3α during CAF formation. Downregulation of IDH3α decreases the effective level of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by reducing the ratio of α-KG to fumarate and succinate, resulting in PHD2 inhibition and HIF-1α protein stabilization. The accumulation of HIF-1α, in turn, promotes glycolysis by increasing the uptake of glucose, upregulating expression of glycolytic enzymes under normoxic conditions, and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation by upregulating NDUFA4L2. CAFs from tumor samples exhibit low levels of IDH3α, and overexpression of IDH3α prevents transformation of fibroblasts into CAFs. Our studies reveal IDH3α to be a critical metabolic switch in CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhimin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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146
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Shen XJ, Zhang H, Tang GS, Wang XD, Zheng R, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xue XC, Bi JW. Caveolin-1 is a modulator of fibroblast activation and a potential biomarker for gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:370-9. [PMID: 25798057 PMCID: PMC4366636 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal fibroblasts play an important role in chronic cancer-related inflammation and the development as well as progression of malignant diseases. However, the difference and relationship between inflammation-associated fibroblasts (IAFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are poorly understood. In this study, gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts (GCAFs) and their corresponding inflammation-associated fibroblasts (GIAFs) were isolated from gastric cancer (GC) with chronic gastritis and cultured in vitro. These activated fibroblasts exhibited distinct secretion and tumor-promoting behaviors in vitro. Using proteomics and bioinformatics techniques, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) was identified as a major network-centric protein of a sub-network consisting of 121 differentially expressed proteins between GIAFs and GCAFs. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry in a GC cohort showed significant difference in Cav-1 expression score between GIAFs and GCAFs and among patients with different grades of chronic gastritis. Moreover, silencing of Cav-1 in GIAFs and GCAFs using small interfering RNA increased the production of pro-inflammatory and tumor-enhancing cytokines and chemokines in conditioned mediums that elevated cell proliferation and migration when added to GC cell lines AGS and MKN45 in vitro. In addition, Cav-1 status in GIAFs and GCAFs independently predicted the prognosis of GC. Our findings indicate that Cav-1 loss contributes to the distinct activation statuses of fibroblasts in GC microenvironment and gastritis mucosa, and Cav-1 expression in both GCAFs and GIAFs may serve as a potential biomarker for GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Shen
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 2. Department of General Surgery, No. 411 Hospital of Navy, People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
| | - Gu-Sheng Tang
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 4. Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- 4. Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Chao Xue
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wei Bi
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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147
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Wang Y, Tong J, Chang B, Wang BF, Zhang D, Wang BY. Effects of ethanol on the expression of caveolin-1 in HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4409-13. [PMID: 25651074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol on the expression of caveolin‑1 (CAV‑1) in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Ethanol‑treated HepG2 cells were investigated using the in vitro model to determine whether ethanol can influence the expression of CAV‑1. Cell viability was measured using the colorimetric 3‑(4, 5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Expression of CAV‑1 was detected using western blot analysis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine CAV‑1 mRNA levels. The distribution of CAV‑1 in HepG2 cells was analyzed using immunofluorescence. The MTT assay results revealed that cell viability was not altered at ethanol concentrations of <1.0%, while ethanol concentrations >1.0% caused cell shedding, but not cell fragmentation. Western blot analysis showed significant differences in the levels of CAV‑1 expression between the control group and the 1.0% ethanol‑treated group at 6, 12 and 24 h (all P<0.05). qPCR showed significant differences in the expression levels of caveolin‑1 mRNA between the control group and the 1.0% ethanol‑treated group at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence demonstrated that CAV‑1 was distributed discontinuously at the boundaries of HepG2 cells. The results indicate that ethanol may increase the expression of CAV‑1 in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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148
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Piano A, Titorenko VI. The Intricate Interplay between Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:56-75. [PMID: 25657853 PMCID: PMC4306474 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the major risk factor in the incidence of cancer, a hyperplastic disease associated with aging. Here, we discuss the complex interplay between mechanisms underlying aging and cancer as a reciprocal relationship. This relationship progresses with organismal age, follows the history of cell proliferation and senescence, is driven by common or antagonistic causes underlying aging and cancer in an age-dependent fashion, and is maintained via age-related convergent and divergent mechanisms. We summarize our knowledge of these mechanisms, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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149
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Zhao Z, Han FH, Yang SB, Hua LX, Wu JH, Zhan WH. Loss of stromal caveolin-1 expression in colorectal cancer predicts poor survival. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1140-1147. [PMID: 25632186 PMCID: PMC4306157 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) in both tumor and stromal cells in colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: A total of 178 patients with CRC were included in this study. The correlation between CAV-1 expression and clinicopathologic features and survival was studied.
RESULTS: CAV-1 expression was detected in tumor and stromal cells. The expression of stromal CAV-1 was closely associated with histological type (P = 0.022), pathologic tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.047), pathologic N stage (P = 0.035) and recurrence (P = 0.000). However, tumor cell CAV-1 did not show any correlation with clinical parameters. Additionally, the loss of stromal CAV-1 expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.000) and overall survival (P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that the loss of stromal CAV-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (P = 0.014) and disease-free survival (P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION: The loss of stromal CAV-1 expression in CRC was associated with poor prognosis and could be a prognostic factor for CRC patients.
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Poillet-Perez L, Despouy G, Delage-Mourroux R, Boyer-Guittaut M. Interplay between ROS and autophagy in cancer cells, from tumor initiation to cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2014; 4:184-92. [PMID: 25590798 PMCID: PMC4803791 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer formation is a complex and highly regulated multi-step process which is highly dependent of its environment, from the tissue to the patient. This complexity implies the development of specific treatments adapted to each type of tumor. The initial step of cancer formation requires the transformation of a healthy cell to a cancer cell, a process regulated by multiple intracellular and extracellular stimuli. The further steps, from the anarchic proliferation of cancer cells to form a primary tumor to the migration of cancer cells to distant organs to form metastasis, are also highly dependent of the tumor environment but of intracellular molecules and pathways as well. In this review, we will focus on the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy levels during the course of cancer development, from cellular transformation to the formation of metastasis. These data will allow us to discuss the potential of this molecule or pathway as putative future therapeutic targets. In cancer cells, ROS are able to regulate the different steps of autophagy pathway. During cancer initiation, anti-tumoral autophagy is going through ROS elimination. During cancer development, pro-tumoral autophagy is linked to decreased ROS levels. Autophagy inhibitor or antioxidant with anti-cancer drug: a new therapeutic approach?
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poillet-Perez
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922 «Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central», SFR IBCT FED4234, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Despouy
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922 «Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central», SFR IBCT FED4234, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922 «Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central», SFR IBCT FED4234, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922 «Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central», SFR IBCT FED4234, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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