101
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Abstract
The physics and chemistry of mineral-water interfaces are complex, even in idealized systems. Our need to understand this complexity is driven by both pure and applied sciences, that is, by the need for basic understanding of earth systems and for the knowledge to mitigate our influences upon them. The second-order nonlinear optical techniques of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation spectroscopy have proven adept at probing these types of interfaces. This review focuses on the contributions to geochemistry made by nonlinear optical methods. The types of questions probed have included a basic description of the structure adopted by water molecules at the mineral interface, how flow and porosity affect this structure, adsorption of trace metal and organic species, and dissolution mechanisms. We also discuss directions and challenges that lie ahead and the outlook for the continued use of nonlinear optical methods for studies of mineral-water boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Covert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, V8W 3V6 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Dennis K Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, V8W 3V6 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;
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102
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Chemmi H, Petit D, Levitz P, Denoyel R, Galarneau A, Korb JP. Noninvasive Experimental Evidence of the Linear Pore Size Dependence of Water Diffusion in Nanoconfinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:393-398. [PMID: 26751162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that nuclear magnetic relaxation experiments at variable magnetic fields (NMRD) provide noninvasive means for probing the spatial dependence of liquid diffusion close to solid interfaces. These experiments performed on samples of cylindrical and spherical nanopore geometries demonstrate that the average diffusion coefficient parallel to the interface is proportional to the pore radii in different dynamics regimes. A master curve method allows extraction of gradients of diffusion coefficients in proximity of the pore surfaces, indicative of the efficiency of coupling between liquid layers. Due to their selectivity in frequency, NMRD experiments are able to differentiate the different water dynamical events induced by heterogeneous surfaces or composed dynamical processes. This analysis relevant in physical and biological confinements highlights the interplay between the molecular and continuous description of fluid dynamics near interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Chemmi
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS , Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Dominique Petit
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS , Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Pierre Levitz
- Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, CNRS-UMR 8234, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , 4 place Jussieu, 72522 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Renaud Denoyel
- MADIREL, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7246 , Centre de St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Anne Galarneau
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, ENSCM , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Korb
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS , Palaiseau 91128, France
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103
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Das SK, Sengupta S, Velarde L. Interfacial Surfactant Ordering in Thin Films of SDS-Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:320-326. [PMID: 26730991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular self-assembly of surfactants on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is currently a common strategy for the tuning of nanotube properties and the stabilization of carbon nanotube dispersions. Here, we report direct measurements of the degree of interfacial ordering for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants adsorbed on colloidal, single-chirality enriched, SWCNTs within a solid film and investigate the dependence of surface alkyl chain order on the surfactant concentration in the precursor solution. The degree of order for the SWCNT-bound SDS molecules, is probed by vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. We find concrete evidence for the presence of highly ordered surface structures at sufficiently high SDS concentrations, attributed here to cylindrical-like micelle assemblies with the SWCNT at the core. As the SDS concentration decreases, the interfacial order is found to decrease as well, generating a more disordered or random adsorption of surfactants on the nanotube surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta K Das
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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104
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Simmons PD, Turley HK, Silverstein DW, Jensen L, Camden JP. Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy for Higher-Order Light Scattering: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Second Hyper-Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:5067-5071. [PMID: 26624922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Motivated to explore the ultimate limits of surface-enhanced nonlinear spectroscopies, we report on the first observation of molecular second hyper-Raman scattering with the aid of surface enhancement and provide a new theoretical framework for first-principles calculations of the second hyper-Raman effect. Second hyper-Raman enhancement factors, determined to be a minimum of 10(5) times stronger than those in Raman scattering, demonstrate a clear trend toward larger enhancements for nonlinear phenomena, and the nearly quantitative agreement between simulation and experiment provides a unique spectroscopic window into higher-order molecular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Simmons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hubert K Turley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Daniel W Silverstein
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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105
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Han HL, Melaet G, Alayoglu S, Somorjai GA. In Situ Microscopy and Spectroscopy Applied to Surfaces at Work. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Han
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Gérôme Melaet
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Selim Alayoglu
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720-8176 USA
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720-8176 USA
- College of Chemistry; University of California at Berkeley; 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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106
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Hot Brownian thermometry and cavity-enhanced harmonic generation with nonlinear optical nanowires. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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107
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Williams MD, Ford JS, Andrews DL. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in centrosymmetric systems. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124301. [PMID: 26429005 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) is an incoherent mechanism for optical second harmonic generation. The frequency-doubled light that emerges from this mechanism is not emitted in a laser-like manner, in the forward direction; it is scattered in all directions. The underlying theory for this effect involves terms that are quadratic in the incident field and involves an even-order optical susceptibility (for a molecule, its associated hyperpolarizability). In consequence, HRS is often regarded as formally forbidden in centrosymmetric media. However, for the fundamental three-photon interaction, theory based on the standard electric dipole approximation, representable as E1(3), does not account for all experimental observations. The relevant results emerge upon extending the theory to include E1(2)M1 and E1(2)E2 contributions, incorporating one magnetic dipolar or electric quadrupolar interaction, respectively, to a consistent level of multipolar expansion. Both additional interactions require the deployment of higher orders in the multipole expansion, with the E1(2)E2 interaction analogous in rank and parity to a four-wave susceptibility. To elicit the correct form of response from fluid or disordered media invites a tensor representation which does not oversimplify the molecular components, yet which can produce results to facilitate the interpretation of experimental observations. The detailed derivation in this work leads to results which are summarized for the following: perpendicular detection of polarization components both parallel and perpendicular to the pump radiation, leading to distinct polarization ratio results, as well as a reversal ratio for forward scattered circular polarizations. The results provide a route to handling data with direct physical interpretation, to enable the more sophisticated design of molecules with sought nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Ford
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David L Andrews
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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108
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Kumal RR, Landry CR, Abu-Laban M, Hayes DJ, Haber LH. Monitoring the Photocleaving Dynamics of Colloidal MicroRNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using Second Harmonic Generation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9983-90. [PMID: 26313536 PMCID: PMC4819427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivated drug delivery systems using gold nanoparticles provide the promise of spatiotemporal control of delivery that is crucial for applications ranging from regenerative medicine to cancer therapy. In this study, we use second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy to monitor the light-activated controlled release of oligonucleotides from the surface of colloidal gold nanoparticles. MicroRNA is functionalized to spherical gold nanoparticles using a nitrobenzyl linker that undergoes photocleaving upon ultraviolet irradiation. The SHG signal generated from the colloidal nanoparticle sample is shown to be a sensitive probe for monitoring the photocleaving dynamics in real time. The photocleaving irradiation wavelength is scanned to show maximum efficiency on resonance at 365 nm, and the kinetics are investigated at varying irradiation powers to demonstrate that the nitrobenzyl photocleaving is a one-photon process. Additional characterization methods including electrophoretic mobility measurements, extinction spectroscopy, and fluorimetry are used to verify the SHG results, leading to a better understanding of the photocleaving dynamics for this model oligonucleotide therapeutic delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju R. Kumal
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Corey R. Landry
- Department of Biological, Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mohammad Abu-Laban
- Department of Biological, Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel J. Hayes
- Department of Biological, Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Louis H. Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Corresponding Author: ; phone: (225) 578-7965
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109
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Chen Y, Jena KC, Lütgebaucks C, Okur HI, Roke S. Three Dimensional Nano "Langmuir Trough" for Lipid Studies. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5558-5563. [PMID: 26151602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional-phospholipid monolayer with tunable molecular structure was created on the surface of oil nanodroplets from a mixture of phospholipids, oil, and water. This simple nanoemulsion preparation technique generates an in situ prepared membrane model system with controllable molecular surface properties that resembles a lipid droplet. The molecular interfacial structure of such a nanoscopic system composed of hexadecane, 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and water was determined using vibrational sum frequency scattering and second harmonic scattering techniques. The droplet surface structure of DPPC can be tuned from a tightly packed liquid condensed phase like monolayer to a more dilute one that resembles the liquid condensed/liquid expanded coexistence phase by varying the DPPC/oil/water ratio. The tunability of the chemical structure, the high surface-to-volume ratio, and the small sample volume make this system an ideal model membrane for biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Chen
- †Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kailash C Jena
- †Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Cornelis Lütgebaucks
- †Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Halil I Okur
- †Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- †Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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110
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Wilhelm MJ, Sheffield JB, Sharifian Gh. M, Wu Y, Spahr C, Gonella G, Xu B, Dai HL. Gram's Stain Does Not Cross the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1711-7. [PMID: 25879387 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For well over a century, Hans Christian Gram's famous staining protocol has been the standard go-to diagnostic for characterizing unknown bacteria. Despite continuous and ubiquitous use, we now demonstrate that the current understanding of the molecular mechanism for this differential stain is largely incorrect. Using the fully complementary time-resolved methods: second-harmonic light-scattering and bright-field transmission microscopy, we present a real-time and membrane specific quantitative characterization of the bacterial uptake of crystal-violet (CV), the dye used in Gram's protocol. Our observations contradict the currently accepted mechanism which depicts that, for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, CV readily traverses the peptidoglycan mesh (PM) and cytoplasmic membrane (CM) before equilibrating within the cytosol. We find that not only is CV unable to traverse the CM but, on the time-scale of the Gram-stain procedure, CV is kinetically trapped within the PM. Our results indicate that CV, rather than dyes which rapidly traverse the PM, is uniquely suited as the Gram stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wilhelm
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Joel B. Sheffield
- Department
of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mohammad Sharifian Gh.
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Christian Spahr
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bolei Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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111
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Bonn M, Nagata Y, Backus EHG. Untersuchung der Struktur und Dynamik von Wasser an der Wasser-Luft-Grenzfläche mittels oberflächenspezifischer Schwingungsspektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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112
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Bonn M, Nagata Y, Backus EHG. Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Water at the Water-Air Interface Studied with Surface-Specific Vibrational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5560-76. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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113
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Wang HF, Velarde L, Gan W, Fu L. Quantitative Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces: Lineshape, Polarization, and Orientation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:189-216. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Wei Gan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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114
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Lagström T, Gmür TA, Quaroni L, Goel A, Brown MA. Surface vibrational structure of colloidal silica and its direct correlation with surface charge density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3621-6. [PMID: 25761506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show that attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the surface charge density (SCD) of colloidal silica nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution. We identify the Si-O stretch vibrations of neutral surface bound silanol, ≡Si-OH, and of the deprotonated group, ≡Si-O(-). The position of the Si-(OH) stretch vibration is shown to directly correlate with the NPs SCD as determined by traditional potentiometric titrations, shifting to lower wavenumber (cm(-1)) with increasing density of ≡Si-O(-). The origin of this shift is discussed in terms of inductive effects that reduce the ionic character of the Si-(OH) bond after delocalization of the negative charge left on a terminal ≡Si-O(-) group across the atoms within ∼1 nm of the charged site. Using this new methodology, we quantitatively determine the SCD of 9, 14, and 25 nm diameter colloidal silica in varying concentrations of NaCl electrolyte at different bulk pH. This novel spectroscopic approach to investigate SCDs provides several opportunities for in situ coupling, for example, in microfluidic channels or with liquid microjets, and requires only very little sample—all potential advantages over a traditional potentiometric titration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Quaroni
- §Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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115
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Peukert W, Segets D, Pflug L, Leugering G. Unified Design Strategies for Particulate Products. MESOSCALE MODELING IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PART I 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ache.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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116
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Dadap JI, Eisenthal KB. Probing the relative orientation of molecules bound to DNA by second-harmonic generation. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14366-72. [PMID: 25379958 DOI: 10.1021/jp507834s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We develop a model to probe the relative orientation of two second-order polarizable daunomycin molecules that are intercalated into a DNA duplex using optical second-harmonic (SH) generation. The SH field generated by the daunomycin molecules interfere with each other. Because the interference depends on the relative orientation of the daunomycin molecules, we can control the interference by changing the number of base pairs separating them. The relative orientation changes as the number of base pairs separating them, multiplied by 36°, which is the twist angle between neighboring base pairs. In this paper, we derive a set of relationships between the relative angle of the molecules and the nonlinear susceptibility elements, and we calculate the SH field generated by the DNA/molecular-pair complex attached to an isotropic dielectric sphere. Calculations reveal that the SH intensity varies periodically with the relative orientation of the two chromophores in the plane perpendicular to the helical axis. The predicted periodicity is in close agreement with experimental results. Structural changes induced by foreign molecules binding to DNA will change the relative orientation of the two chromophores and thereby change the SH interference pattern. We discuss the potential of this SH interference method in providing a new way to probe structural changes induced by the formation of biomolecule complexes. An important feature of the method is that it is label-free, that is, the binding molecule, in this case, daunomycin, is not tagged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Icban Dadap
- Departments of †Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and ‡Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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117
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Smolentsev N, Chen Y, Jena KC, Brown MA, Roke S. Sum frequency and second harmonic generation from the surface of a liquid microjet. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:18C524. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4896996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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118
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Johansson P, Koelsch P. Vibrational sum-frequency scattering for detailed studies of collagen fibers in aqueous environments. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13598-601. [PMID: 25225785 PMCID: PMC4183644 DOI: 10.1021/ja508190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein fibers play a crucial role in many disease related phenomena and biological systems. A structural analysis of fibrous proteins often requires labeling approaches or disruptive sample preparation while it lacks chemical specificity. Here we demonstrate that the technique of vibrational sum-frequency scattering (SFS) provides a label-free pathway for the chemical and structural analysis of protein fibers in solution. By examining collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, we demonstrate that the SFS signal of fibers can be detected in the NH, CH stretching and bending, and amide I regions. SFS spectra were found to depend on the scattering angle, which implies the possibility to selectively probe various features of the fibers. The fitting of the data and maximum entropy method analysis revealed a different phase for side-chains and carbonyl contributions, which helps to identify these otherwise overlapping spectral peaks and provides the possibility to perform orientational analysis. Our findings suggest that SFS allows for the greater understanding of protein fibers in solution, which is important when, for example, designing scaffolds in tissue engineering or developing cures for diseases associated with protein fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik
K. Johansson
- National
ESCA and Surface
Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patrick Koelsch
- National
ESCA and Surface
Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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119
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Wilhelm MJ, Sheffield JB, Gonella G, Wu Y, Spahr C, Zeng J, Xu B, Dai HL. Real-time molecular uptake and membrane-specific transport in living cells by optical microscopy and nonlinear light scattering. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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120
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Yan ECY, Fu L, Wang Z, Liu W. Biological Macromolecules at Interfaces Probed by Chiral Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8471-98. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4006044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhuguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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121
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Gonella G, Dai HL. Second harmonic light scattering from the surface of colloidal objects: theory and applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2588-2599. [PMID: 24171670 DOI: 10.1021/la403570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Because properties of colloids containing micro- and nano-particles are much influenced by the structure of, and interactions occurring at, the particle surface, it is important to be able to characterize the particle surface in situ and nondestructively. Nonlinear light scattering from colloidal particles has been developed into a powerful and versatile technique for characterizing particle surfaces since the first demonstration of the detection of second harmonic generation from molecules adsorbed on micrometer-sized colloidal particles by Eisenthal and co-workers (Wang, H.; Yan, E. C. Y.; Borguet, E.; Eisenthal, K. B. Second Harmonic Generation from the Surface of Centrosymmetric Particles in Bulk Solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 259, 15-20). At present, second harmonic light scattering from the particle surface can be quantitatively described by theoretical models and used to measure the adsorption kinetics, molecular structure, and reaction rates at the surfaces of a variety of micrometer- to nanometer-sized particles, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Gonella
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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122
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Scheu R, Chen Y, de Aguiar HB, Rankin BM, Ben-Amotz D, Roke S. Specific Ion Effects in Amphiphile Hydration and Interface Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2040-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Scheu
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-Engineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yixing Chen
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-Engineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-Engineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blake M. Rankin
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-Engineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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123
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Joulaud C, Mugnier Y, Djanta G, Dubled M, Marty JC, Galez C, Wolf JP, Bonacina L, Le Dantec R. Characterization of the nonlinear optical properties of nanocrystals by Hyper Rayleigh Scattering. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 24564891 PMCID: PMC4029443 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmonic Nanoparticles are a new family of exogenous markers for multiphoton imaging exerting optical contrast by second harmonic (SH) generation. In this tutorial, we present the application of Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) for a quantitative assessment of the nonlinear optical properties of these particles and discuss the underlying theory and some crucial experimental aspects. METHODS The second harmonic properties of BaTiO3, KNbO3, KiTiOPO4 (KTP), LiNbO3 and ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated by HRS measurements after careful preparation and characterization of colloidal suspensions. RESULTS A detailed analysis of the experimental results is presented with emphasis on the theoretical background and on the influence of some experimental parameters including the accurate determination of the nanocrystal size and concentration. The SH generation efficiency and averaged nonlinear optical coefficients are then derived and compared for six different types of NCs. CONCLUSIONS After preparation of colloidal NC suspensions and careful examination of their size, concentration and possible aggregation state, HRS appears as a valuable tool to quantitatively assess the SH efficiency of noncentrosymmetric NCs. All the investigated nanomaterials show high SH conversion efficiencies, demonstrating a good potential for bio-labelling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Joulaud
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Mugnier
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
| | - Gnon Djanta
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
| | - Marc Dubled
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
| | | | - Christine Galez
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- GAP-biophotonics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- GAP-biophotonics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Le Dantec
- Université de Savoie, SYMME, BP 80439, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex, France
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124
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Unique determination of the –CN group tilt angle in Langmuir monolayers using sum-frequency polarization null angle and phase. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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125
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Wunderlich S, Peschel U. Plasmonic enhancement of second harmonic generation on metal coated nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:18611-18623. [PMID: 23938778 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.018611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) is a widely used tool to study surfaces. Here we investigate SHG from spherical nanoparticles consisting of a dielectric core (radius 100 nm) and a metallic shell of variable thickness. Plasmonic resonances occur that depend on the thickness of the nanoshells and boost the intensity of the Second Harmonic (SH) signal. The origin of the resonances is studied for the fundamental harmonic and the second harmonic frequencies. Mie resonances at the fundamental harmonic frequency dominate resonant effects of the SH-signal at low shell thickness. Resonances excited by a dipole emitting at SH frequency close to the surface explain the enhancement of the SHG-process at a larger shell thickness. All resonances are caused by surface plasmon polaritons, which run on the surface of the spherical particle and are in resonance with the circumference of the sphere. Because their wavelength critically depends on the properties of the metallic layer SHG resonances of core-shell nanoparticles can be easily tuned by varying the thickness of the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Wunderlich
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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126
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Maidecchi G, Gonella G, Proietti Zaccaria R, Moroni R, Anghinolfi L, Giglia A, Nannarone S, Mattera L, Dai HL, Canepa M, Bisio F. Deep ultraviolet plasmon resonance in aluminum nanoparticle arrays. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5834-5841. [PMID: 23725571 DOI: 10.1021/nn400918n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Small aluminum nanoparticles have the potential to exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances in the deep ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, however technical and scientific challenges make it difficult to attain this limit. We report the fabrication of arrays of Al/Al2O3 core/shell nanoparticles with a metallic-core diameter between 12 and 25 nm that display sharp plasmonic resonances at very high energies, up to 5.8 eV (down to λ = 215 nm). The arrays were fabricated by means of a straightforward self-organization approach. The experimental spectra were compared with theoretical calculations that allow the correlation of each feature to the corresponding plasmon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maidecchi
- CNISM, Sede Consorziata di Genova and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
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127
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Kim E, Steinbrück A, Buscaglia MT, Buscaglia V, Pertsch T, Grange R. Second-harmonic generation of single BaTiO3 nanoparticles down to 22 nm diameter. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5343-9. [PMID: 23691915 DOI: 10.1021/nn401198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal from single BaTiO3 nanoparticles of diameters varying from 70 nm down to 22 nm with a far-field optical microscope coupled to an infrared femtosecond laser. An atomic force microscope is first used to localize the individual particles and to accurately determine their sizes. Power and polarization-dependent measurements on the individual nanoparticles reveal a diameter range between 30 and 20 nm, where deviations from bulk nonlinear optical properties occur. For 22 nm diameter particles, the tetragonal crystal structure is not applicable anymore and competing effects due to the surface to volume ratio or crystallographic modifications are taking place. The demonstration of SHG from such small nanoparticles opens up the possibilities of using them as bright coherent biomarkers. Moreover, our work shows that measuring the SHG of individual nanoparticles reveals critical material properties, opening up new possibilities to investigate ferroelectricity at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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128
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Thyagarajan K, Butet J, Martin OJF. Augmenting second harmonic generation using Fano resonances in plasmonic systems. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1847-1851. [PMID: 23534924 DOI: 10.1021/nl400636z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant augmentation of second harmonic generation using Fano resonances in plasmonic heptamers made of silver is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The geometry is engineered to simultaneously produce a Fano resonance at the fundamental wavelength, resulting in a strong localization of the fundamental field close to the system, and a higher order scattering peak at the second harmonic wavelength. These results illustrate the versatility of Fano resonant structures to engineer specific optical responses both in the linear and nonlinear regimes thus paving the way for future investigations on the role of dark modes in nonlinear and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Thyagarajan
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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129
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Gomopoulos N, Lütgebaucks C, Sun Q, Macias-Romero C, Roke S. Label-free second harmonic and hyper Rayleigh scattering with high efficiency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:815-21. [PMID: 23388974 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to perform hyper Rayleigh scattering from aqueous solutions and second harmonic scattering measurements from unlabeled interfaces of liposomes and nanoparticles in dilute solutions. The water and interfacial response can be measured on a millisecond timescale, thus opening up the possibility to measure label-free time dependent transport processes in biological (membrane) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gomopoulos
- Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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130
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Ultrafast and Nonlinear Plasmon Dynamics. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7805-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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131
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Aulbach J, Gjonaj B, Johnson P, Lagendijk A. Spatiotemporal focusing in opaque scattering media by wave front shaping with nonlinear feedback. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:29237-29251. [PMID: 23388749 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.029237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate spatiotemporal focusing of light on single nanocrystals embedded inside a strongly scattering medium. Our approach is based on spatial wave front shaping of short pulses, using second harmonic generation inside the target nanocrystals as the feedback signal. We successfully develop a model both for the achieved pulse duration as well as the observed enhancement of the feedback signal. The approach enables exciting opportunities for studies of light propagation in the presence of strong scattering as well as for applications in imaging, micro- and nanomanipulation, coherent control and spectroscopy in complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Aulbach
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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132
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Abstract
Optical imaging with spectroscopic vibrational contrast is a label-free solution for visualizing, identifying, and quantifying a wide range of biomolecular compounds in biological materials. Both linear and nonlinear vibrational microscopy techniques derive their imaging contrast from infrared active or Raman allowed molecular transitions, which provide a rich palette for interrogating chemical and structural details of the sample. Yet nonlinear optical methods, which include both second-order sum-frequency generation (SFG) and third-order coherent Raman scattering (CRS) techniques, offer several improved imaging capabilities over their linear precursors. Nonlinear vibrational microscopy features unprecedented vibrational imaging speeds, provides strategies for higher spatial resolution, and gives access to additional molecular parameters. These advances have turned vibrational microscopy into a premier tool for chemically dissecting live cells and tissues. This review discusses the molecular contrast of SFG and CRS microscopy and highlights several of the advanced imaging capabilities that have impacted biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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133
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Jena KC, Scheu R, Roke S. Surface impurities are not responsible for the charge on the oil/water interface: a comment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [PMID: 23180555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the charge on oil/water interfaces that can be found from electrokinetic mobility measurements is a long-standing issue that has invoked different explanations. Sum frequency scattering (SFS) shows that impurities are likely not a general cause for the charge.
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134
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Jena KC, Scheu R, Roke S. Surface Impurities Are Not Responsible For the Charge on the Oil/Water Interface: A Comment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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135
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Aouani H, Navarro-Cia M, Rahmani M, Sidiropoulos TPH, Hong M, Oulton RF, Maier SA. Multiresonant broadband optical antennas as efficient tunable nanosources of second harmonic light. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4997-5002. [PMID: 22916834 DOI: 10.1021/nl302665m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of efficient tunable nanosources of second harmonic light with individual multiresonant log-periodic optical antennas. By designing the nanoantenna with a bandwidth of several octaves, simultaneous enhancement of fundamental and harmonic fields is observed over a broad range of frequencies, leading to a high second harmonic conversion efficiency, together with an effective second order susceptibility within the range of values provided by widespread inorganic crystals. Moreover, the geometrical configuration of the nanoantenna makes the generated second harmonic signal independent from the polarization of the fundamental excitation. These results open new possibilities for the development of efficient integrated nonlinear nanodevices with high frequency tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heykel Aouani
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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136
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Thyagarajan K, Rivier S, Lovera A, Martin OJF. Enhanced second-harmonic generation from double resonant plasmonic antennae. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:12860-5. [PMID: 22714312 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.012860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel plasmonic antenna geometry - the double resonant antenna (DRA) - that is optimized for second-harmonic generation (SHG). This antenna is based on two gaps coupled to each other so that a resonance at the fundamental and at the doubled frequency is obtained. Furthermore, the proximity of the localized hot spots allows for a coupling and spatial overlap between the two field enhancements at both frequencies. Using such a structure, both the generation of the second-harmonic and its re-emission into the far-field are significantly increased when compared with a standard plasmonic dipole antenna. Such DRA are fabricated in aluminium using electron beam lithography and their linear and nonlinear responses are studied experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Thyagarajan
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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