101
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Wang CH, Chang CC, Liang YM, Shih CM, Muggleton NG, Juan CH. Temporal preparation in athletes: a comparison of tennis players and swimmers with sedentary controls. J Mot Behav 2013; 45:55-63. [PMID: 23405992 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2012.740522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors aimed to investigate the effects of different sporting experience on nonspecific temporal preparation. They evaluated temporal preparation in tennis players (an open-skill sport) and their athletic (swimmers, a closed skill-sport) and nonathletic (sedentary students) controls using a go/no-go variable foreperiod paradigm in which one simple condition and two go/no-go conditions (central-go and mixed-go) were included, which can be used to study the temporal aspects of nonspecific preparation with decision making in inhibition with different levels of cognitive load. Tennis players responded faster than nonathletic controls while there was no significant difference relative to the athletic controls. Additionally, the main finding of the present study is that the difference in reaction time between tennis players and nonathletic controls was found selectively for short foreperiods in which temporal uncertainty is higher and less temporal preparation can occur. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that superior temporal preparation was positively associated with enhanced go/no-go decision making in the higher difficulty condition. Our findings are consistent with tennis players showing superior temporal processing. The absence of a significant effect in athletic controls suggests that there is a specific benefit from tennis training and indicates that temporal preparation may be susceptible to modulation by fitness and appropriate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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102
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Geerligs L, Akyürek EG. Temporal integration depends on increased prestimulus beta band power. Psychophysiology 2012; 49:1464-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elkan G. Akyürek
- Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology; University of Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
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103
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Saunier G, Martins EF, Dias EC, de Oliveira JM, Pozzo T, Vargas CD. Electrophysiological correlates of biological motion permanence in humans. Behav Brain Res 2012; 236:166-174. [PMID: 22964139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal discontinuity of visual input is a common occurrence in daily life. For example, when a walking person disappears temporarily behind a wall, observers have a clear sense of his physical presence despite the absence of any visual information (movement permanence). To investigate the neural substrates of biological motion permanence, we recorded scalp EEG activity of sixteen subjects while they passively observed either biological or scrambled motion disappearing behind an occluder and reappearing. The moment of the occluder's appearance was either fixed or randomized. The statistical comparison between the biological and scrambled motion ERP waveforms revealed a modulation of activity in centro-parietal and right occipito-temporal regions during the occlusion phase when the biological motion disappearance was time-locked, possibly reflecting the recall of sensorimotor representations. These representations might allow the prediction of moving organisms in occlusion conditions. When the appearance of the occluder was unpredictable there was no difference between biological and scrambled motion either before or during occlusion, indicating that temporal prediction is relevant to the processing of biological motion permanence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Saunier
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Martins
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa C Dias
- Center for Schizophrenia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10692, USA
| | - José M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Institut Universitaire de France, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, UFR STAPS, Dijon, France; INSERM, U887, Motricité-Plasticité, Dijon, France
| | - Claudia D Vargas
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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104
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Arnal LH. Predicting "When" Using the Motor System's Beta-Band Oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:225. [PMID: 22876228 PMCID: PMC3410664 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luc H Arnal
- Department of Psychology, New York University New York, NY, USA
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105
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Arnal LH, Giraud AL. Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions. Trends Cogn Sci 2012; 16:390-8. [PMID: 22682813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many theories of perception are anchored in the central notion that the brain continuously updates an internal model of the world to infer the probable causes of sensory events. In this framework, the brain needs not only to predict the causes of sensory input, but also when they are most likely to happen. In this article, we review the neurophysiological bases of sensory predictions of "what' (predictive coding) and 'when' (predictive timing), with an emphasis on low-level oscillatory mechanisms. We argue that neural rhythms offer distinct and adapted computational solutions to predicting 'what' is going to happen in the sensory environment and 'when'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc H Arnal
- Inserm U960 Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris, France
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106
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Premereur E, Vanduffel W, Janssen P. Local Field Potential Activity Associated with Temporal Expectations in the Macaque Lateral Intraparietal Area. J Cogn Neurosci 2012; 24:1314-30. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oscillatory brain activity is attracting increasing interest in cognitive neuroscience. Numerous EEG (magnetoencephalography) and local field potential (LFP) measurements have related cognitive functions to different types of brain oscillations, but the functional significance of these rhythms remains poorly understood. Despite its proven value, LFP activity has not been extensively tested in the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which has been implicated in a wide variety of cognitive control processes. We recorded action potentials and LFPs in area LIP during delayed eye movement tasks and during a passive fixation task, in which the time schedule was fixed so that temporal expectations about task-relevant cues could be formed. LFP responses in the gamma band discriminated reliably between saccade targets and distractors inside the receptive field (RF). Alpha and beta responses were much less strongly affected by the presence of a saccade target, however, but rose sharply in the waiting period before the go signal. Surprisingly, conditions without visual stimulation of the LIP-RF-evoked robust LFP responses in every frequency band—most prominently in those below 50 Hz—precisely time-locked to the expected time of stimulus onset in the RF. These results indicate that in area LIP, oscillations in the LFP, which reflect synaptic input and local network activity, are tightly coupled to the temporal expectation of task-relevant cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- 1Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- 2Massachusetts General Hospital
- 3Harvard Medical School
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