101
|
Hu L, Wang D, Liu L, Chen J, Xue Y, Shi Z. Ca(2+) efflux is involved in cinnamaldehyde-induced growth inhibition of Phytophthora capsici. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76264. [PMID: 24098458 PMCID: PMC3788004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a destructive fungus-like plant pathogen, the oomycete Phytophthoracapsici is unable to synthesize its own ergosterol as the potential target of fungicide cinnamaldehyde (CA). In this study, CA exerted efficient inhibitory effects on both mycelial growth (EC50=0.75 mM) and zoospore germination (MIC=0.4 mM) of P. capsici. CA-induced immediate Ca(2+) efflux from zoospores could be confirmed by the rapid decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) content determined by using Fluo-3 AM and the increase in extracellular Ca(2+) concentration determined by using ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). Blocking Ca(2+) influx with ruthenium red and verapamil led to a higher level of CA-induced Ca(2+) efflux, suggesting the simultaneous occurrence of Ca(2+) influx along with the Ca(2+) efflux under CA exposure. Further results showed that EGTA-induced decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) gave rise to the impaired vitality of P. capsici while the addition of exogenous Ca(2+) could suppress the growth inhibitory effect of CA. These results suggested that Ca(2+) efflux played an important role in CA-induced growth inhibition of P. capsici. The application of 3-phenyl-1-propanal, a CA analog without α,β- unsaturated bond, resulted in a marked Ca(2+) influx in zoospores but did not show any growth inhibitory effects. In addition, exogenous cysteine, an antagonist against the Michael addition (the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or another nucleophile) between CA and its targets, could attenuate CA-induced growth inhibition of P. capsici by suppressing Ca(2+) efflux. Our results suggest that CA inhibits the growth of P. capsici by stimulating a transient Ca(2+) efflux via Michael addition, which provides important new insights into the antimicrobial action of CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Hu
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dede Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Plant Protect College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
An in-cell NMR study of monitoring stress-induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:653-9. [PMID: 23933251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in in-cell NMR techniques have allowed us to study proteins in detail inside living eukaryotic cells. The lifetime of in-cell NMR samples is however much shorter than that in culture media, presumably because of various stresses as well as the nutrient depletion in the anaerobic environment within the NMR tube. It is well known that Ca(2+)-bursts occur in HeLa cells under various stresses, hence the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration can be regarded as a good indicator of the healthiness of cells in NMR tubes. In this study, aiming at monitoring the states of proteins resulting from the change of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration during experiments, human calbindin D9k (P47M+C80) was used as the model protein and cultured HeLa cells as host cells. Time-resolved measurements of 2D (1)H-(15)N SOFAST-HMQC experiments of calbindin D9k (P47M+C80) in HeLa cells showed time-dependent changes in the cross-peak patterns in the spectra. Comparison with in vitro assignments revealed that calbindin D9k (P47M+C80) is initially in the Mg(2+)-bound state, and then gradually converted to the Ca(2+)-bound state. This conversion process initiates after NMR sample preparation. These results showed, for the first time, that cells inside the NMR tube were stressed, presumably because of cell precipitation, the lack of oxygen and nutrients, etc., thereby releasing Ca(2+) into cytosol during the measurements. The results demonstrated that in-cell NMR can monitor the state transitions of stimulated cells through the observation of proteins involved in the intracellular signalling systems. Our method provides a very useful tool for in situ monitoring of the "healthiness" of the cells in various in-cell NMR studies.
Collapse
|
103
|
Cerella C, Dicato M, Diederich M. Assembling the puzzle of anti-cancer mechanisms triggered by cardiac glycosides. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
104
|
Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors during endoplasmic reticulum stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1612-24. [PMID: 23380704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs multiple functions in the cell: it is the major site of protein and lipid synthesis as well as the most important intracellular Ca(2+) reservoir. Adverse conditions, including a decrease in the ER Ca(2+) level or an increase in oxidative stress, impair the formation of new proteins, resulting in ER stress. The subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular attempt to lower the burden on the ER and to restore ER homeostasis by imposing a general arrest in protein synthesis, upregulating chaperone proteins and degrading misfolded proteins. This response can also lead to autophagy and, if the stress can not be alleviated, to apoptosis. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) and IP3-induced Ca(2+) signaling are important players in these processes. Not only is the IP3R activity modulated in a dual way during ER stress, but also other key proteins involved in Ca(2+) signaling are modulated. Changes also occur at the structural level with a strengthening of the contacts between the ER and the mitochondria, which are important determinants of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. The resulting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals will control cellular decisions that either promote cell survival or cause their elimination via apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
Collapse
|
105
|
Liang WZ, Chou CT, Lu T, Chi CC, Tseng LL, Pan CC, Lin KL, Kuo CC, Jan CR. The mechanism of carvacrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rises and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Toxicology 2012; 303:152-61. [PMID: 23146755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol is one of the main substances of essential oil which triggers intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and causes cytotoxicity in diverse cell models. However, the mechanism of carvacrol-induced Ca(2+) movement and cytotoxicity is not fully understood. This study examined the effect of carvacrol on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)), cell viability and apoptosis in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Carvacrol induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise and the signal was reduced by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Carvacrol-induced Ca(2+) entry was not altered by store-operated Ca(2+) channel inhibitors and protein kinase C (PKC) activator, but was inhibited by a PKC inhibitor. In Ca(2+) -free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited carvacrol-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Conversely, incubation with carvacrol inhibited TG or BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished carvacrol-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Carvacrol decreased cell viability, which was not reversed when cytosolic Ca(2+) was chelated with BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester). Carvacrol-induced apoptosis and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3. Together, carvacrol induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise by inducing PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via PKC-sensitive, non store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Carvacrol-induced ROS- and caspase-3-associated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Maresca V, Flori E, Camera E, Bellei B, Aspite N, Ludovici M, Catricalà C, Cardinali G, Picardo M. Linking αMSH with PPARγ in B16-F10 melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:113-27. [PMID: 22863076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a new α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) connection in B16-F10 cells. Both PPAR-γ up-regulation and its induction as an active transcription factor were observed in response to α-MSH. The α-MSH/PPAR-γ connection influenced both pigmentation and proliferation. The forskolin-stimulated cAMP/PKA pathway was not able to induce either PPAR-γ translocation into the nucleus or PPAR-γ transcriptional activity. As the melanocortin-1 receptor, the specific receptor for the α-MSH, is a G-protein coupled receptor, we wondered whether the phosphatidylinositol [PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) ] signal pathway was involved in mediating the α-MSH-dependent PPAR-γ activation. Employing inhibitors of PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, the results of our experiments suggested that this pathway was promoted by α-MSH and that α-MSH played a role in mediating PPAR-γ activation. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that α-MSH induces the PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, through analysis of the basic steps of the pathway. The α-MSH effect on PPAR-γ was independent of animal species and was not correlated with the physio-pathological status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Frandsen SK, Gissel H, Hojman P, Tramm T, Eriksen J, Gehl J. Direct therapeutic applications of calcium electroporation to effectively induce tumor necrosis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1336-41. [PMID: 22282658 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation of cells with short, high-voltage pulses causes a transient permeabilization of cell membranes that permits passage of otherwise nonpermeating ions and molecules. In this study, we illustrate how electroporation with isotonic calcium can achieve highly effective cancer cell kill in vivo. Calcium electroporation elicited dramatic antitumor responses in which 89% of treated tumors were eliminated. Histologic analyses indicated complete tumor necrosis. Mechanistically, calcium electroporation caused acute ATP depletion likely due to a combination of increased cellular use of ATP, decreased production of ATP due to effects on the mitochondria, as well as loss of ATP through the permeabilized cell membrane. Taken together, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of electroporation to load cancer cells with calcium as an efficient anticancer treatment. Electroporation equipment is already used clinically to enhance the delivery of chemotherapy to superficial tumors, with trials on internal tumors in progress, enabling the introduction of calcium electroporation to clinical use. Moreover, the safety profile, availability, and low cost of calcium facilitate access to this technology for many cancer patients in developed and developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Krog Frandsen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Fedoseeva IV, Pjatricas DV, Varakina NN, Rusaleva TM, Stepanov AV, Rikhvanov EG, Borovskii GB, Voinikov VK. Effect of amiodarone on thermotolerance and Hsp104p synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:78-86. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
109
|
Verma G, Datta M. The critical role of JNK in the ER-mitochondrial crosstalk during apoptotic cell death. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1791-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
110
|
Calcium imaging in gentamicin ototoxicity: increased intracellular calcium relates to oxidative stress and late apoptosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:1616-22. [PMID: 22015113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate intracellular calcium changes in gentamicin (GM) ototoxicity using calcium imaging. To investigate GM-induced physiologic changes in auditory cells including cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. METHODS Varying concentrations of GM were applied to the HEI-OC1 cochlear cell line. Calcium imaging tracked changes in intracellular calcium concentration during GM cytotoxicity. Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels also were measured. RESULTS Little change in calcium levels occurred in HEI-OC1 cells exposed to less than 35 mM GM. However, calcium rose continuously in cells exposed to more than 60 mM GM. With administration of intermediate concentrations of 40 or 50 mM GM, calcium increased variably in different cells, returning to baseline in some cases, or rising continuously in others. Upon increase of GM concentration, intracellular calcium concentration and ROS were increased, and cell viability was decreased due to late apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study shows that GM increased intracellular calcium, ROS, and late apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells derived from cochlear tissue. Increase of intracellular calcium is related to GM-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Calcium imaging can be used to determine change of intracellular calcium concentrations and apoptosis in GM ototoxicity.
Collapse
|
111
|
Tabaković A, Kester M, Adair JH. Calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 4:96-112. [PMID: 21965173 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications are areas of biomedicine where nanoparticles have had significant impact, but the use of a nanomaterial in these applications can be limited by its physicochemical properties. Calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles are nontoxic and biodegradable, and are therefore considered attractive candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic drug delivery applications. Also, the pH-dependent solubility profiles of calcium phosphate materials make this class of nanoparticles especially useful for in vitro and in vivo delivery of dyes, oligonucleotides, and drugs. In this article, we discuss how calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles fulfill some of the requirements typically made for nanoparticles in biomedical applications. We also highlight recent studies in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications focusing on how these studies have addressed some of the challenges associated with using these nanoparticles in bioimaging and delivery of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amra Tabaković
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Gene expression pattern in PC12 cells with reduced PMCA2 or PMCA3 isoform: selective up-regulation of calmodulin and neuromodulin. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:89-102. [PMID: 21912933 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular calcium homeostasis is controlled predominantly by the plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA). From four PMCA isoforms, PMCA1 and PMCA4 are ubiquitous, while PMCA2 and PMCA3 are found in excitable cells. We have previously shown that suppression of neuron-specific PMCAs in non-differentiated PC12 cells changed the cell morphology and triggered neuritogenesis. Using the microarrays, real-time PCR and immunodetection, we analyzed the effect of PMCA2 or PMCA3 reduction in PC12 cells on gene expression, with emphasis on calmodulin (CaM), neuromodulin (GAP43) and MAP kinases. In PMCA-suppressed lines total CaM increased, and the calm I and calm II genes appeared to be responsible for this effect. mRNA and protein levels of GAP43 were increased, however, the amount of phosphorylated form was lower than in control cells. Localization of CaM/GAP43 and CaM/pGAP43 differed between control and PMCA-reduced cells. In both PMCA-modified lines, amounts of ERK1/2 increased. While pERK1 decreased, the pERK2 level was similar in all examined lines. PMCA suppression did not change the p38 amount, but the p-p38 diminished. JNK2 protein decreased in both PMCA-reduced cells without changes in pJNK level. Microarray analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of certain genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis and cell signaling. Suppression of neuron-specific PMCA isoforms affected the phenotype of PC12 cells enabling adaptation to the sustained increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. This is the first report showing function of PMCA2 and PMCA3 isoforms in the regulation of signaling pathways in PC12 cells.
Collapse
|
113
|
Circulating microparticles: new insights into the biochemical basis of microparticle release and activity. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:911-23. [PMID: 21691898 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microparticles released from various cell types are present in healthy individuals and the number and composition of their membrane vary in different disorders. Long considered to be cellular debris, microparticles have been recently identified as regulatory vectors of intercellular cross-talk. Indeed, circulating microparticles represent a heterogeneous mixture of spheroids of diverse surface membrane glycoproteins and lipids, with diverse cytoplasm components, the pattern of which depends on the type of stimulation and pathophysiology of parental cells. Despite extensive research into the procoagulant and proinflammatory properties of microparticles, there are few data that can provide information on the mechanism(s) of their formation and biological effects. Although several mechanisms of microparticle release have been suggested, the precise order of the events associated with key features of microparticle formation, transmembrane phosphatidylserine redistribution and cytoskeleton disruption remain to be clarified. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in microparticle formation, as well as the diverse physiological and pathological roles they are able to undertake. Understanding the mechanism(s) governing microparticle release processes may be critical to understanding their precise role in various pathophysiological processes and thus indicate new potential routes to therapy.
Collapse
|
114
|
The prevention of behavioral consequences of idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Evidence from rodent models. Neurosci Lett 2011; 497:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
115
|
Hojman P, Spanggaard I, Olsen CH, Gehl J, Gissel H. Calcium electrotransfer for termination of transgene expression in muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:753-60. [PMID: 21470044 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene electrotransfer is expanding in clinical use, thus we have searched for an emergency procedure to stop transgene expression in case of serious adverse events. Calcium is cytotoxic at high intracellular levels, so we tested effects of calcium electrotransfer on transgene expression in muscle. A clinical grade calcium solution (20 μl, 168 mM) was injected into transfected mouse or rat tibialis cranialis muscle. Ca(2+) uptake was quantified using calcium 45 ((45)Ca), and voltage and time between injection and pulsation were varied. Extinction of transgene expression was investigated by using both in vivo imaging of infrared fluorescent "Katushka" and erythropoietin evaluated by ELISA and hemoglobin. Histology was performed. Electrotransfer of Katushka and erythropoietin yielded significant expression. Maximal calcium uptake occurred after injection of Ca(2+) before electropulsing using eight high voltage pulses of 1000 V/cm. Using these parameters, in vivo imaging showed that transgene expression significantly decreased 4 hr after Ca(2+) electrotransfer and was eliminated within 24 hr. Similarly, serum erythropoietin was reduced by 46% at 4 hr and to control levels at 2 days. Histological analyses showed muscle damage and subsequent regeneration. Electrotransfer of isotonic CaCl(2) terminates transgenic protein expression in muscles and may be used for contingency elimination of transgene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Hojman
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
The Molecular Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53864-2.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
117
|
Bissonnette SL, Haas A, Mann KK, Schlezinger JJ. The role of CaMKII in calcium-activated death pathways in bone marrow B cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:108-18. [PMID: 20810541 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule in developing B cells, thus altering calcium dynamics represents a potential target for toxicant effects. GW7845, a tyrosine analog and potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, induces rapid mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent apoptosis in bone marrow B cells. Changes in calcium dynamics are capable of mediating rapid initiation of cell death; therefore, we investigated the contribution of calcium to GW7845-induced apoptosis. Treatment of a nontransformed murine pro/pre-B cell line (BU-11) with GW7845 (40 μM) resulted in intracellular calcium release. Multiple features of GW7845-induced cell death were suppressed by the calcium chelator BAPTA, including MAPK activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. A likely mechanism for the calcium-mediated effects is activation of CaMKII, a calcium-dependent MAP4K. We observed that three CaMKII isoforms (β, γ, and δ) are expressed in lymphoid tissues and bone marrow B cells. Treatment with GW7845 increased CaMKII activity. All features of GW7845-induced cell death, except loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, were suppressed by CaMKII inhibitors (KN93 and AIP-II), suggesting the activation of multiple calcium-driven pathways. To determine if CaMKII activation is a common feature of early B cell death following perturbation of Ca(2+) flux, we dissected tributyltin (TBT)-induced death signaling. High-dose TBT (1 μM) is known to activate calcium-dependent death. TBT induced rapid apoptosis that was associated with intracellular calcium release, CaMKII activation and MAPK activation, and was inhibited by AIP-II. Thus, we show that early B cells are susceptible to calcium-triggered cell death through a CaMKII/MAPK-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bissonnette
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Ghibelli L, Diederich M. Multistep and multitask Bax activation. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:604-13. [PMID: 20709625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein allowing apoptosis to occur through the intrinsic, damage-induced pathway, and amplifying that one occurring via the extrinsic, receptor mediated pathway. Bax is present in viable cells and activated by pro-apoptotic stimuli. Activation implies structural changes, consisting of exposure of the N terminus and hydrophobic domains; changes in localization, consisting in migration from cytosol to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum membranes; changes in the aggregation status, from monomer to dimer and multimer. Bax has multiple critical domains, namely the N terminus exposed after activation; two hydrophobic stretches exposed for membrane anchorage; two reactive cysteines allowing multimerization; the BH3 domain for interactions with the Bcl-2 family members; alpha helix 1 for t-Bid interaction. Bax has also multiple functions: it releases different mitochondrial factors such as cytochrome c, SMAC/diablo; it regulates mitochondrial fission, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore; it promotes Ca(2+) leakage through ER membrane. Altogether, Bax activation is a complex multi-step phenomenon. Here, we analyze these events as logically separable or alternative steps, attempting to assess their role, timing and reciprocal relation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|