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Flores A, Ribó M, Rubiera M, Gonzalez-Cuevas M, Pagola J, Rodriguez-Luna D, Muchada M, Kallas J, Meler P, Sanjuan E, Alvarez-Sabin J, Montaner J, Molina CA. Monitoring of Cortical Activity Postreperfusion. A Powerful Tool for Predicting Clinical Response Immediately After Recanalization. J Neuroimaging 2014; 25:257-262. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Flores
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Rubiera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalez-Cuevas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Pagola
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - David Rodriguez-Luna
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Marián Muchada
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Julia Kallas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pilar Meler
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estela Sanjuan
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jose Alvarez-Sabin
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos A. Molina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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102
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Chen HI, Attiah M, Baltuch G, Smith DH, Hamilton RH, Lucas TH. Harnessing plasticity for the treatment of neurosurgical disorders: an overview. World Neurosurg 2014; 82:648-59. [PMID: 24518888 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity is fundamental to normal central nervous system function and its response to injury. Understanding this adaptive capacity is central to the development of novel surgical approaches to neurologic disease. These innovative interventions offer the promise of maximizing functional recovery for patients by harnessing targeted plasticity. Developing novel therapies will require the unprecedented integration of neuroscience, bioengineering, molecular biology, and physiology. Such synergistic approaches will create therapeutic options for patients previously outside of the scope of neurosurgery, such as those with permanent disability after traumatic brain injury or stroke. In this review, we synthesize the rapidly evolving field of plasticity and explore ways that neurosurgeons may enhance functional recovery in the future. We conclude that understanding plasticity is fundamental to modern neurosurgical education and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mark Attiah
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon Baltuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy H Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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103
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von Carlowitz-Ghori K, Bayraktaroglu Z, Hohlefeld FU, Losch F, Curio G, Nikulin VV. Corticomuscular coherence in acute and chronic stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:1182-91. [PMID: 24315544 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor recovery after stroke is attributed to neuronal plasticity, however not all post-stroke neuronal changes relate to regaining fine motor control. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) is a measure allowing to trace neuronal reorganizations which are functionally relevant for motor recovery. Contrary to previous studies which were performed only in chronic stage, we measured CMC in patients with stroke at both acute and chronic stroke stages. METHODS For the detection of CMC we used multichannel EEG and EMG recordings along with an optimization algorithm for the detection of corticomuscular interactions. RESULTS In acute stroke, the CMC amplitude was larger on the unaffected side compared to the affected side and also larger compared to the unaffected side in the chronic period. Additionally, CMC peak frequencies on both sides decreased in the acute compared to the chronic period and to control subjects. In chronic stage, there were no inter-hemispheric or group differences in CMC amplitude or frequency. CONCLUSIONS The changes in CMC parameters in acute stroke could result from a temporary decrease in inhibition, which normalizes in the course of recovery. As all patients showed very good motor recovery, the modulation of CMC amplitude and frequency over time might thus reflect the process of motor recovery. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate for the first time the dynamical changes of corticomuscular interaction both at acute and chronic stage of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina von Carlowitz-Ghori
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Institute of Science and Ethics, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike U Hohlefeld
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Losch
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Curio
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.
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104
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Brogaard B. Serotonergic hyperactivity as a potential factor in developmental, acquired and drug-induced synesthesia. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:657. [PMID: 24155703 PMCID: PMC3800812 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Though synesthesia research has seen a huge growth in recent decades, and tremendous progress has been made in terms of understanding the mechanism and cause of synesthesia, we are still left mostly in the dark when it comes to the mechanistic commonalities (if any) among developmental, acquired and drug-induced synesthesia. We know that many forms of synesthesia involve aberrant structural or functional brain connectivity. Proposed mechanisms include direct projection and disinhibited feedback mechanisms, in which information from two otherwise structurally or functionally separate brain regions mix. We also know that synesthesia sometimes runs in families. However, it is unclear what causes its onset. Studies of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, LSD and mescaline, reveal that exposure to these drugs can induce synesthesia. One neurotransmitter suspected to be central to the perceptual changes is serotonin. Excessive serotonin in the brain may cause many of the characteristics of psychedelic intoxication. Excessive serotonin levels may also play a role in synesthesia acquired after brain injury. In brain injury sudden cell death floods local brain regions with serotonin and glutamate. This neurotransmitter flooding could perhaps result in unusual feature binding. Finally, developmental synesthesia that occurs in individuals with autism may be a result of alterations in the serotonergic system, leading to a blockage of regular gating mechanisms. I conclude on these grounds that one commonality among at least some cases of acquired, developmental and drug-induced synesthesia may be the presence of excessive levels of serotonin, which increases the excitability and connectedness of sensory brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Brogaard
- Department of Philosophy and Center for Neurodynamics, University of Missouri St. Louis, MO, USA
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105
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Vukelić M, Bauer R, Naros G, Naros I, Braun C, Gharabaghi A. Lateralized alpha-band cortical networks regulate volitional modulation of beta-band sensorimotor oscillations. Neuroimage 2013; 87:147-53. [PMID: 24121086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) are oscillatory brain activities in the α- and β-bands across the sensorimotor regions of the brain. Each frequency band has its own specific function. The α-band oscillations are closely related to intrinsic cortical networks, whereas oscillations in the β-band are relevant for the information transfer between the cortex and periphery, as well as for visual and proprioceptive feedback. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between these two frequency bands, under the premise that the regional modulation of β-band power is linked to a cortical network in the α-band. We therefore designed a procedure to maximize the modulation of β-band activity over the sensorimotor cortex by combining kinesthetic motor-imagery with closed-loop haptic feedback. The cortical network activity during this procedure was estimated via the phase slope index in electroencephalographic recordings. Analysis of effective connectivity within the α-band network revealed an information flow between the precentral (premotor and primary motor), postcentral (primary somatosensory) and parietal cortical areas. The range of β-modulation was connected to a reduction of an ipsilateral sensorimotor and parietal α-network and, consequently, to a lateralization of this network to the contralateral side. These results showed that regional sensorimotor oscillatory activity in the β-band was regulated by cortical coupling of distant areas in the α-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vukelić
- Division of Translational Neurosurgery and Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Bauer
- Division of Translational Neurosurgery and Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Georgios Naros
- Division of Translational Neurosurgery and Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ilias Naros
- Division of Translational Neurosurgery and Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- Division of Translational Neurosurgery and Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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106
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Li R, Hettinger PC, Machol JA, Liu X, Stephenson JB, Pawela CP, Yan JG, Matloub HS, Hyde JS. Cortical plasticity induced by different degrees of peripheral nerve injuries: a rat functional magnetic resonance imaging study under 9.4 Tesla. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2013; 8:4. [PMID: 23659705 PMCID: PMC3659007 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major peripheral nerve injuries not only result in local deficits but may also cause distal atrophy of target muscles or permanent loss of sensation. Likewise, these injuries have been shown to instigate long-lasting central cortical reorganization. METHODS Cortical plasticity changes induced after various types of major peripheral nerve injury using an electrical stimulation technique to the rat upper extremity and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were examined. Studies were completed out immediately after injury (acute stage) and at two weeks (subacute stage) to evaluate time affect on plasticity. RESULTS After right-side median nerve transection, cortical representation of activation of the right-side ulnar nerve expanded intra-hemispherically into the cortical region that had been occupied by the median nerve representation After unilateral transection of both median and ulnar nerves, cortical representation of activation of the radial nerve on the same side of the body also demonstrated intra-hemispheric expansion. However, simultaneous electrical stimulation of the contralateral uninjured median and ulnar nerves resulted in a representation that had expanded both intra- and inter-hemispherically into the cortical region previously occupied by the two transected nerve representations. CONCLUSIONS After major peripheral nerve injury, an adjacent nerve, with similar function to the injured nerve, may become significantly over-activated in the cortex when stimulated. This results in intra-hemispheric cortical expansion as the only component of cortical plasticity. When all nerves responsible for a certain function are injured, the same nerves on the contralateral side of the body are affected and become significantly over-activated during a task. Both intra- and inter-hemispheric cortical expansion exist, while the latter dominates cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Li
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Patrick C Hettinger
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacques A Machol
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiping Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J B Stephenson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher P Pawela
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ji-Geng Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hani S Matloub
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James S Hyde
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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