101
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Yang S, Song N, Wang Y, Li A, Liu J, Deng F, Zhan M, Zhang W, Han Y, Zhang H. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism With the Risk of Nephrolithiasis. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23:425-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Yang‐Yang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ai‐Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Nephrolithiasis, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of International Medicine, Ningbo First HospitalZhejiang University Ningbo China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ya‐Chun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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102
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Zhu W, Zhao Z, Chou F, Zuo L, Liu T, Yeh S, Bushinsky D, Zeng G, Chang C. Loss of the androgen receptor suppresses intrarenal calcium oxalate crystals deposition via altering macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization with change of the miR-185-5p/CSF-1 signals. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 30894518 PMCID: PMC6427030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystals can trigger a wide range of kidney injuries that may link to the development of kidney stones. Infiltrating macrophages may influence hyperoxaluria-induced intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals deposition, yet their linkage to sex hormones remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that suppressing the androgen receptor (AR) expression in renal tubular epithelial cells increased the macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization that may result in enhancing the phagocytosis of intrarenal CaOx crystals. Mechanism dissection suggested that AR can suppress macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) expression via increasing miRNA-185-5p expression to suppress the M2 macrophage polarization-mediated intrarenal CaOx crystals phagocytosis. The preclinical study using glyoxylate-induced intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition mouse model revealed that renal tubule-specific AR knockout mice have less intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition with more recruited M2 macrophages in the kidney compared with the wild-type mice. Results from the in vivo rat model using hydroxy-L-proline-induced CaOx crystals deposition also demonstrated that targeting the AR with ASC-J9® suppressed the intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition via increasing the renal macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization. Together, results from multiple preclinical studies using multiple in vitro cell lines and in vivo mouse/rat models all demonstrated that targeting the AR with a small molecule ASC-J9® may function via altering macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization to decrease the intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition, a key phenotype seen in many kidney stone disease patients with hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Fuju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Tongzu Liu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - David Bushinsky
- Departments of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510230, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14646, USA.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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103
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Wang N, Zhang D, Zhang YT, Xu W, Wang YS, Zhong PP, Jia TZ, Xiu YF. Endothelium corneum gigeriae galli extract inhibits calcium oxalate formation and exerts anti-urolithic effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:80-89. [PMID: 30194056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese Medicine is preferred because of its safety and minimal/reduced side effects. Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli (ECGG) extract, a traditional Chinese drug consisting of the dried gizzard membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, was assessed for its effects and mechanism on urolithiasis. AIMS OF STUDY To evaluate the effects of ECGG extract on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation in vitro, and assess the anti-urolithic effects of ECGG extract in vivo and explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, CaOx crystals were treated with ECGG extract (0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 g/mL), and assessed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and electrical conductivity. Then, a rat model of renal calculi was established by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride treatment, and ECGG extract (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/kg) was administered orally. After treatment, urine, serum and kidney bioindicators were analyzed, as well as kidney's pathological features. RESULTS In the presence of ECGG extract, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with typical tetragonal bipyramidal morphology were obtained; meanwhile, the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), a major urinary stone component, was inhibited; in addition, the equilibration time of the chemical reaction of Ca2+ and C2O42- ions was delayed in a concentration dependent manner. ECGG extract actually showed anti-urolithic effects; the incidence rates of crystal formation in the kidney in the model, low, middle and high dose groups were 100%, 90%, 70% and 60%, respectively, with a dose-dependent alleviation of kidney stone amounts and kidney damage. Treatment with middle and high ECGG extract doses significantly decreased urine uric acid and oxalic acid amounts, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid contents, and kidney tissue oxalic acid and calcium levels, while increasing kidney and urinary magnesium and superoxide dismutase levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ECGG extract has outstanding anti-urolithic effects, potentially with included bioorganic molecules inducing COD crystal nucleation and growth. Therefore, ECGG extract is a promising drug for preventing and treating urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian 710068, China
| | - Yong-Tai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-Zhu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yan-Feng Xiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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104
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Assessing the Influence of Irrigation Flows on Clearance of Calculi Fragments During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Numerical and Physical Model Study. Urology 2019; 124:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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105
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Modulatory effects of fibronectin on calcium oxalate crystallization, growth, aggregation, adhesion on renal tubular cells, and invasion through extracellular matrix. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:235-246. [PMID: 30701361 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been thought to be involved in pathogenic mechanisms of kidney stone disease, especially calcium oxalate (CaOx) type. Nevertheless, its precise roles in modulation of CaOx crystal remained unclear. We thus performed a systematic evaluation of effects of fibronectin on CaOx monohydrate (COM) crystal (the major causative chemical crystal in kidney stone formation) in various stages of kidney stone pathogenesis, including crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, adhesion onto renal tubular cells, and invasion through ECM in renal interstitium. The data showed that fibronectin significantly decreased crystallization, growth and adhesive capability of COM crystals in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, COM crystal aggregation and invasion through ECM migration chamber were significantly enhanced by fibronectin in a dose-dependent fashion. Sequence analysis revealed three calcium-binding and six oxalate-binding domains in fibronectin. Immunofluorescence study confirmed binding of fibronectin to COM crystals. Additionally, calcium- and oxalate-affinity assays confirmed depletion of both calcium and oxalate ions after incubation with fibronectin. Moreover, calcium-saturated and oxalate-saturated forms of fibronectin markedly reduced the modulatory activities of fibronectin on COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, and adhesion onto the cells. These data strongly indicate the dual functions of fibronectin, which serves as an inhibitor for COM crystallization, crystal growth and adhesion onto renal tubular cells, but on the other hand, acts as a promoter for COM crystal aggregation and invasion through ECM. Finally, its COM crystal modulatory activities are most likely mediated through binding with calcium and oxalate ions on the crystals and in their environment.
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106
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Cystinuria: genetic aspects, mouse models, and a new approach to therapy. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:57-66. [PMID: 30515543 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystinuria, a genetic disorder of cystine transport, is characterized by excessive excretion of cystine in the urine and recurrent cystine stones in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the bladder. Males generally are more severely affected than females. The disorder may lead to chronic kidney disease in many patients. The cystine transporter (b0,+) is a heterodimer consisting of the rBAT (encoded by SLC3A1) and b0,+AT (encoded by SLC7A9) subunits joined by a disulfide bridge. The molecular basis of cystinuria is known in great detail, and this information is now being used to define genotype-phenotype correlations. Current treatments for cystinuria include increased fluid intake to increase cystine solubility and the administration of thiol drugs for more severe cases. These drugs, however, have poor patient compliance due to adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with therapy for cystinuria. Four mouse models for cystinuria have been described and these models provide a resource for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new therapies for cystinuria. We are evaluating a new approach for the treatment of cystine stones based on the inhibition of cystine crystal growth by cystine analogs. Our ongoing studies indicate that cystine diamides are effective in preventing cystine stone formation in the Slc3a1 knockout mouse model for cystinuria. In addition to crystal growth, crystal aggregation is required for stone formation. Male and female mice with cystinuria have comparable levels of crystalluria, but very few female mice form stones. The identification of factors that inhibit cystine crystal aggregation in female mice may provide insight into the gender difference in disease severity in patients with cystinuria.
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107
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Khamchun S, Thongboonkerd V. Cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible for increased adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at injured site. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:106. [PMID: 30774989 PMCID: PMC6374384 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cell injury can enhance calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal adhesion at the injured site and thus may increase the stone risk. Nevertheless, underlying mechanism of such enhancement remained unclear. In the present study, confluent MDCK renal tubular cell monolayers were scratched to allow cells to proliferate and repair the injured site. At 12-h post-scratch, the repairing cells had significant increases in crystal adhesion capacity and cell proliferation as compared to the control. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry demonstrated that the repairing cells underwent cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and hydroxyurea (HU) at sub-toxic doses caused cell cycle shift mimicking that observed in the repairing cells. Crystal-cell adhesion assay confirmed the increased crystal adhesion capacity of the CsA-treated and HU-treated cells similar to that of the repairing cells. These findings provide evidence indicating that cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible, at least in part, for the increased adhesion of COM crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at the injured site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Khamchun
- 1Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,2Department of Immunology and Immunology Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- 1Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,3Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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108
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Lai Y, Liang X, Zhong F, Wu W, Zeng T, Huang J, Duan X, Li S, Zeng G, Wu W. Allicin attenuates calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the rat kidney by regulating gap junction function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9640-9651. [PMID: 30378099 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Xiongfa Liang
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Fangling Zhong
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Urology Research Institute Guangzhou China
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109
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Vision for the future on urolithiasis: research, management, education and training—some personal views. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:401-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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110
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Marschner JA, Mulay SR, Steiger S, Anguiano L, Zhao Z, Boor P, Rahimi K, Inforzato A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Anders HJ. The Long Pentraxin PTX3 Is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Hyperoxaluria-Related Nephrocalcinosis and Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2173. [PMID: 30319631 PMCID: PMC6167460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) exerts a variety of regulatory functions in acute and chronic tissue inflammation. In particular, PTX3 acts as an opsonin for a variety of pathogens and endogenous particles. We hypothesized that PTX3 would exhibit opsonin-like functions toward calcium oxalate crystals, too, and inhibit crystal growth. This process is fundamental in kidney stone disease as well as in hyperoxaluria-related nephrocalcinosis, the paradigmatic cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with primary hyperoxaluria type I due to genetic defects in oxalate metabolism. Direct effects of PTX3 on calcium oxalate crystals were investigated in chemico by adding recombinant PTX3 to supersaturated calcium and oxalate solutions. PTX3, but not isomolar concentrations of albumin, dose-dependently inhibited crystal growth. In vivo, the PTX3 protein was undetectable in tubular epithelial cells and urine of wild-type mice under physiological conditions. However, its levels increased within 3 weeks of feeding an oxalate-rich diet, an exposure inducing hyperoxaluria-related nephrocalcinosis and CKD in selected mouse strains (male and female C57BL/6N and male Balb/c mice) but not in others (male and female 129SV and CD-1, male and female Balb/c mice). Genetic ablation of ptx3 in nephrocalcinosis un-susceptible B6;129 mice was sufficient to raise the oxalate nephropathy phenotype observed in susceptible strains. We conclude that PTX3 is an endogenous inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth. This mechanism limits hyperoxaluria-related nephrocalcinosis, e.g., in primary or secondary hyperoxaluria, and potentially also in the more prevalent kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Anguiano
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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111
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Chao Y, Gao S, Wang X, Li N, Zhao H, Wen X, Lou Z, Dong X. Untargeted lipidomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and structural characterization reveals dramatic compositional changes in serum and renal lipids in mice with glyoxylate-induced nephrolithiasis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:258-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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112
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Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes and risk of renal stone: a cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:852-861. [PMID: 30006578 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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113
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Tahri A, Lahyani A, Kallel R, Ayadi F, Boudawara T, Sahnoun Z. Exposure to imipenem/cilastatin causes nephrotoxicity and even urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Toxicology 2018; 404-405:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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114
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Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiling using RNA sequencing in calcium oxalate monohydrate-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:225-234. [PMID: 29947995 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To study the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in the calcium oxalate monohydrate-attached HK-2 cells, and investigate the association between critical lncRNA expression level and renal injury. The HK-2 cells were treated with crystal suspension of calcium oxalate. The effects of calcium oxalate crystals on the growth of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay. Total RNA was extracted and the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by high-throughput transcriptase sequencing platform HiSeq 2500. The profile of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs were verified by real-time PCR and their potential function was analyzed by Gene Ontology database and KEGG signal pathway analysis. Calcium oxalate crystals adhered to the surface of HK-2 cells in few minutes and showed obvious cytotoxicity. RNA seq results showed that there were 25 differentially expressed lncRNAs in HK-2 cells treated with calcium oxalate crystals, of which 9 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated. The difference was verified by real-time PCR which showed statistically significant (P < 0.05). Calcium oxalate crystals have a significant effect on lncRNA and mRNA expression in human renal epithelial cells, which may play critical roles in kidney stone-mediated renal injury.
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115
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Rackov G, Garcia-Romero N, Esteban-Rubio S, Carrión-Navarro J, Belda-Iniesta C, Ayuso-Sacido A. Vesicle-Mediated Control of Cell Function: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Microenvironment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:651. [PMID: 29922170 PMCID: PMC5996101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) — including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies — have received much scientific attention last decade as mediators of a newly discovered cell-to-cell communication system, acting at short and long distances. EVs carry biologically active molecules, thus providing signals that influence a spectrum of functions in recipient cells during various physiological and pathological processes. Recent findings point to EVs as very attractive immunomodulatory therapeutic agents, vehicles for drug delivery and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies. In addition, EVs interact with and regulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which is crucial for organ development and wound healing, as well as bone and cardiovascular calcification. EVs carrying matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in ECM remodeling, thus modifying tumor microenvironment and contributing to premetastatic niche formation and angiogenesis. Here we review the role of EVs in control of cell function, with emphasis on their interaction with ECM and microenvironment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Esteban-Rubio
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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116
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Duan X, Kong Z, Mai X, Lan Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Deng T, Zeng T, Cai C, Li S, Zhong W, Wu W, Zeng G. Autophagy inhibition attenuates hyperoxaluria-induced renal tubular oxidative injury and calcium oxalate crystal depositions in the rat kidney. Redox Biol 2018; 16:414-425. [PMID: 29653411 PMCID: PMC5953241 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative injury of renal tubular epithelial cell is a casual and essential factor in kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Autophagy has been shown to be critical for the regulation of oxidative stress-induced renal tubular injury; however, little is known about its role in kidney CaOx stone formation. In the present study, we found that the autophagy antagonist chloroquine could significantly attenuate oxalate-induced autophagy activation, oxidative injury and mitochondrial damage of renal tubular cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as hyperoxaluria-induced CaOx crystals depositions in rat kidney, whereas the autophagy agonist rapamycin exerted contrasting effects. In addition, oxalate-induced p38 phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment but was markedly enhanced by rapamycin pretreatment, whereas the protective effect of chloroquine on rat renal tubular cell oxidative injury was partly reversed by a p38 protein kinase activator anisomycin. Furthermore, the knockdown of Beclin1 represented similar effects to chloroquine on oxalate-induced cell oxidative injury and p38 phosphorylation in vitro. Taken together, our results revealed that autophagy inhibition could attenuate oxalate-induced oxidative injury of renal tubular cell and CaOx crystal depositions in the rat kidney via, at least in part, inhibiting the activation of p38 signaling pathway, thus representing a novel role of autophagy in the regulation of oxalate-induced renal oxidative injury and CaOx crystal depositions for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Xin Mai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China.
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Tsunezumi J, Sugiura H, Oinam L, Ali A, Thang BQ, Sada A, Yamashiro Y, Kuro-O M, Yanagisawa H. Fibulin-7, a heparin binding matricellular protein, promotes renal tubular calcification in mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:5-20. [PMID: 29730503 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification occurs during development of chronic kidney disease and has a negative impact on long-term prognosis. The precise molecular mechanism and prevention strategies, however, are not established. Fibulin-7 (Fbln7) is a matricellular protein structurally similar to elastogenic short fibulins, shown to bind dental mesenchymal cells and heparin. Here, we report that Fbln7 is highly expressed in renal tubular epithelium in the adult kidney and mediates renal calcification in mice. In vitro analysis revealed that Fbln7 bound heparin at the N-terminal coiled-coil domain. In Fbln7-expressing CHO-K1 cells, exogenous heparin increased the release of Fbln7 into conditioned media in a dose-dependent manner. This heparin-induced Fbln7 release was abrogated in CHO-745 cells lacking heparan sulfate proteoglycan or in CHO-K1 cells expressing the Fbln7 mutant lacking the N-terminal coiled-coil domain, suggesting that Fbln7 was tethered to pericellular matrix via this domain. Interestingly, Fbln7 knockout (Fbln7-/-) mice were protected from renal tubular calcification induced by high phosphate diet. Mechanistically, Fbln7 bound artificial calcium phosphate particles (aCPP) implicated in calcification and renal inflammation. Binding was decreased significantly in Fbln7-/- primary kidney cells relative to wild-type cells. Further, overexpression of Fbln7 increased binding to aCPP. Addition of heparin reduced binding between aCPP and wild-type cells to levels of Fbln7-/- cells. Taken together, our study suggests that Fbln7 is a local mediator of calcium deposition and that releasing Fbln7 from the cell surface by heparin/heparin derivatives or Fbln7 inhibitory antibodies may provide a novel strategy to prevent ectopic calcification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hidekazu Sugiura
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Division of Medicine, Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Saitama 349-1105, Japan
| | - Lalhaba Oinam
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Aktar Ali
- Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bui Quoc Thang
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aiko Sada
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
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118
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García Nieto VM, Pérez Bastida XI, Salvador Cañibano M, García Rodríguez VE, Monge Zamorano M, Luis Yanes MI. Cuantificación del riesgo de formación de cálculos cálcicos en la orina correspondiente a 2 momentos del día en un grupo de niños estudiados para descartar prelitiasis. Nefrologia 2018; 38:267-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Losartan Ameliorates Calcium Oxalate-Induced Elevation of Stone-Related Proteins in Renal Tubular Cells by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1271864. [PMID: 29849862 PMCID: PMC5941794 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1271864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common type of urinary stone. Increase of ROS and NADPH oxidase gives rise to inflammation and injury of renal tubular cells, which promotes CaOx stone formation. Recent studies have revealed that the renin-angiotensin system might play a role in kidney crystallization and ROS production. Here, we investigated the involvement of Ang II/AT1R and losartan in CaOx stone formation. NRK-52E cells were incubated with CaOx crystals, and glyoxylic acid-induced hyperoxaluric rats were treated with losartan. Oxidative stress statuses were evaluated by detection of ROS, oxidative products (8-OHdG and MDA), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). Expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (Nox2 and Nox4), NF-κB pathway subunits (p50 and p65), and stone-related proteins such as OPN, CD44, and MCP-1 was determined by Western blotting. The results revealed upregulation of Ang II/AT1R by CaOx treatment. CaOx-induced ROS and stone-related protein upregulation were mediated by the Ang II/AT1R signaling pathway. Losartan ameliorated renal tubular cell expression of stone-related proteins and renal crystallization by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress. We conclude that losartan might be a promising preventive and therapeutic candidate for hyperoxaluria nephrolithiasis.
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120
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The evaluation and management of urolithiasis in the ED: A review of the literature. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36:699-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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121
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Wei FF, Thijs L, Zhang ZY, Jacobs L, Yang WY, Salvi E, Citterio L, Cauwenberghs N, Kuznetsova T, E A Drummen N, Hara A, Manunta P, Li Y, Verhamme P, Allegaert K, Cusi D, Vermeer C, Staessen JA. The risk of nephrolithiasis is causally related to inactive matrix Gla protein, a marker of vitamin K status: a Mendelian randomization study in a Flemish population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33:514-522. [PMID: 28340119 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K (VK)-dependent γ-glutamate carboxylation and serine phosphorylation activate matrix Gla protein (MGP) to a potent locally acting inhibitor of calcification. Nephrolithiasis represents a process of unwanted calcification associated with substantial mortality and high recurrence rates. We hypothesized that the risk of nephrolithiasis increases with VK shortage, as exemplified by higher plasma levels of desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP). Methods In 1748 randomly recruited Flemish individuals (51.1% women; mean age 46.8 years), we determined dp-ucMGP and the prevalence of nephrolithiasis at baseline (April 1996-February 2015) and its incidence during follow-up until March 2016. We estimated the multivariable-adjusted relative risk associated with the doubling of dp-ucMGP, using logistic or Cox regression. We did a Mendelian randomization analysis using four MGP genotypes as instrumental variables. Results With adjustments applied for sex, age and 24-h urinary volume and calcium excretion, the odds of having prevalent nephrolithiasis [n = 144 (8.2%)] associated with dp-ucMGP was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.64; P = 0.022]. dp-ucMGP levels were associated (P ≤ 0.001) with MGP variants rs2098435, rs4236 and rs2430692. In the Mendelian analysis, the causal odds ratio was 3.82 (95% CI 1.15-12.7; P = 0.029). The incidence of nephrolithiasis over 12.0 years (median) was 37 cases (0.2%). With similar adjustments as before, the hazard ratio in relation to dp-ucMGP was 2.48 (95% CI 1.71-3.61; P < 0.001). Additional adjustment for a nephrolithiasis propensity score produced consistent results. Conclusion Higher levels of inactive dp-ucMGP may be causally associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis. Whether or not VK deficiency plays a role in these observations remains to be firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Wei
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Jacobs
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Salvi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform at Filarete Foundation, Department of Health Sciences and Graduate School of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and School of Nephrology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Azusa Hara
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and School of Nephrology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Research Unit of Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Research Unit of Organ Systems, KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform at Filarete Foundation, Department of Health Sciences and Graduate School of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Cees Vermeer
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population. It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial. The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall's plaque on the renal papillary surfaces. The mechanism of stone formation is a complex process which results from several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within tubular cells. These steps are modulated by an imbalance between factors that promote or inhibit urinary crystallization. It is also noted that cellular injury promotes retention of particles on renal papillary surfaces. The exposure of renal epithelial cells to oxalate causes a signaling cascade which leads to apoptosis by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Currently, there is no satisfactory drug to cure and/or prevent kidney stone recurrences. Thus, further understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation is a research area to manage urolithiasis using new drugs. Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.
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123
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Li M, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang B, Putnis CV. Mechanisms of Modulation of Calcium Phosphate Pathological Mineralization by Mobile and Immobile Small-Molecule Inhibitors. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1580-1587. [PMID: 29346735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Potential pathways for inhibiting crystal growth are via either disrupting local microenvironments surrounding crystal-solution interfaces or physically blocking solute molecule attachment. However, the actual mode of inhibition may be more complicated due to the characteristic time scale for the inhibitor adsorption and relaxation to a well-bound state at crystal surfaces. Here we demonstrate the role of citrate (CA) and hydroxycitrate (HCA) in brushite (DCPD, CaHPO4·2H2O) crystallization over a broad range of both inhibitor concentrations and supersaturations by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observed that both inhibitors exhibit two distinct actions: control of surface crystallization by the decrease of step density at high supersaturations and the decrease of the [1̅00]Cc step velocity at high inhibitor concentration and low supersaturation. The switching of the two distinct modes depends on the terrace lifetime, and the slow kinetics along the [1̅00]Cc step direction provides specific sites for the newly formed dislocations. Molecular modeling shows the strong HCA-crystal interaction by molecular recognition, explaining the AFM observations for the formation of new steps and surface dissolution along the [101]Cc direction due to the introduction of strong localized strain in the crystal lattice. These direct observations highlight the importance of the inhibitor coverage on mineral surfaces, as well as the solution supersaturation in predicting the inhibition efficacy, and reveal an improved understanding of inhibition of calcium phosphate biomineralization, with clinical implications for the full therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors for kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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124
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Kim S, Chang Y, Sung E, Kang JG, Yun KE, Jung HS, Hyun YY, Lee KB, Joo KJ, Shin H, Ryu S. Association Between Sonographically Diagnosed Nephrolithiasis and Subclinical Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71:35-41. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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125
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Panigrahi PN, Dey S, Sahoo M, Dan A. Antiurolithiatic and antioxidant efficacy of Musa paradisiaca pseudostem on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rat. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 49:77-83. [PMID: 28458427 PMCID: PMC5351243 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Musa paradisiaca has been used in the treatment of urolithiasis by the rural people in South India. Therefore, we plan to evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism of antiurolithiatic effect to rationalize its medicinal use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urolithiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) for 28 days along with 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for the first 14 days. Antiurolithiatic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca pseudostem (MUSA) was evaluated based on urine and serum biochemistry, microscopy of urine, oxidative/nitrosative indices, kidney calcium content, and histopathology. RESULTS Administration of EG and AC resulted in increased crystalluria and oxaluria, hypercalciuria, polyuria, crystal deposition in urine, raised serum urea, and creatinine as well as nitric oxide concentration and erythrocytic lipid peroxidation in lithiatic group. However, MUSA treatment significantly restored the impairment in above kidney function test as that of standard treatment, cystone in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate the efficacy of MUSA in EG-induced urolithiasis, which might be mediated through inhibiting various pathways involved in renal calcium oxalate formation, antioxidant effect, and potential to inhibit biochemical markers of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nibash Panigrahi
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahadeb Dey
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ananya Dan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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126
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Human kidney stone matrix: Latent potential to restrain COM induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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127
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Kolbach-Mandel AM, Mandel NS, Hoffmann BR, Kleinman JG, Wesson JA. Stone former urine proteome demonstrates a cationic shift in protein distribution compared to normal. Urolithiasis 2017; 45:337-346. [PMID: 28314883 PMCID: PMC5511579 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-0969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many urine proteins are found in calcium oxalate stones, yet decades of research have failed to define the role of urine proteins in stone formation. This urine proteomic study compares the relative amounts of abundant urine proteins between idiopathic calcium oxalate stone forming and non-stone forming (normal) cohorts to identify differences that might correlate with disease. Random mid-morning urine samples were collected following informed consent from 25 stone formers and 14 normal individuals. Proteins were isolated from urine using ultrafiltration. Urine proteomes for each sample were characterized using label-free spectral counting mass spectrometry, so that urine protein relative abundances could be compared between the two populations. A total of 407 unique proteins were identified with the 38 predominant proteins accounting for >82% of all sample spectral counts. The most highly abundant proteins were equivalent in stone formers and normals, though significant differences were observed in a few moderate abundance proteins (immunoglobulins, transferrin, and epidermal growth factor), accounting for 13 and 10% of the spectral counts, respectively. These proteins contributed to a cationic shift in protein distribution in stone formers compared to normals (22% vs. 18%, p = 0.04). Our data showing only small differences in moderate abundance proteins suggest that no single protein controls stone formation. Observed increases in immunoglobulins and transferrin suggest increased inflammatory activity in stone formers, but cannot distinguish cause from effect in stone formation. The observed cationic shift in protein distribution would diminish protein charge stabilization, which could lead to protein aggregation and increased risk for crystal aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Kolbach-Mandel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Neil S Mandel
- Mandel International Stone and Molecular Analysis Center, Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W. National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian R Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jack G Kleinman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Wesson
- Nephrology Section, Consultant Care Division, Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5000 W. National Avenue (111K), Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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128
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Vinaiphat A, Aluksanasuwan S, Manissorn J, Sutthimethakorn S, Thongboonkerd V. Response of renal tubular cells to differential types and doses of calcium oxalate crystals: Integrative proteome network analysis and functional investigations. Proteomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Juthatip Manissorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Suchitra Sutthimethakorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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129
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Li M, Wang L, Putnis CV. Energetic Basis for Inhibition of Calcium Phosphate Biomineralization by Osteopontin. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5968-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christine V. Putnis
- Institut
für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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130
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Fallahzadeh MA, Hassanzadeh J, Fallahzadeh MH. What do we know about pediatric renal microlithiasis? J Renal Inj Prev 2017; 6:70-75. [PMID: 28497077 PMCID: PMC5423286 DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal or calyceal microlithiasis is a common disorder with increasing prevalence especially in infants and younger children. The main presenting symptoms and the underlying metabolic abnormalities of renal microlithiasis are similar to renal stone. Although renal microlithiasis is considered as a main problem of the health system with diverse etiologies, our information about its natural course is very limited. Hence, further investigations to make an appropriate clinical approach to this entity is mandatory. Also, general practitioners, pediatricians, nephrologists and urologists have to be well educated regarding renal microlithiasis for early diagnosis, appropriate evaluation and proper management of this entity. In this review study, we focused on collection of the present information about different aspects of renal microlithiasis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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131
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Kasote DM, Jagtap SD, Thapa D, Khyade MS, Russell WR. Herbal remedies for urinary stones used in India and China: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:55-68. [PMID: 28344029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of formation or appearance of a urinary stone anywhere in the renal tract is known as urolithiasis. It is a longstanding health problem, known to exist since early age of civilization. Records about symptoms, signs and treatment strategies of urinary stones diseases are found in the several ancient texts of traditional medicines such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Siddha and Unani. In Ayurveda, urolithiasis has been considered as one of the eight most troublesome diseases. Ayurvedic management and cure of urinary stone involves herbal formulas, alkaline liquids and surgical procedures. Whereas, TCM recommends polyherbal drugs, acupuncture and mexibustion for treatment of the urinary stones. Among these therapies, herbal remedies are in practice till today for the treatment and cure urinary stone diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of the scientific literature about pathophysiology of urinary stones and antiurolithiatic plants was undertaken using the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. The search was conducted from publications from all years until Dec., 2015 by combination of the search terms and Boolean operators; 'urinary stone' OR 'kidney stone' AND 'plant' OR 'medicine' OR 'antiurolithiatic plants'. Outputs were restricted to those completed studies only published in English. In this review, literatures about plants which are used as diuretic and/or in treatment urinary tract infections have not also been considered. The Plant List and Royal Botanical Garden, Kew databases were used to authenticate botanical names of plants. Books and monographs published in English were used to collect information about historical records of antiurolithiatic plants. RESULTS Recent pharmacological interventions accredited ancient antiurolithiatic claims to several plants and their formulations. The majority of antiurolithiatic plants were found to either dissolve the stones or inhibit the process of urinary stone formation. Plants such as Phyllanthus niruri L. and Elymus repens (L.) Gould, as well as herbal products including 'Wu-Ling-San' formula, 'Cystone' and 'Herbmed' have been proved their utility as promising antiurolithiatic medicines in the different phases of clinical trials. In addition, some of the isolated phytochemicals such as berberine, lupeol, khelin, visnagin, 7-hydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone and 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone were reported to have potent antiurolithiatic activity. CONCLUSION In ancient medicinal texts, antiurolithiatic potential has been ascribed to several plants and their formulations. Present scientific studies provide scientific evidences for few of these claims however, they are insufficient to establish many of these plants and herbal formulations as therapeutic remedies for the treatment and management of urinary stones. Conversely, findings of pre-clinical and clinical studies about some plants and herbal formulations are promising, which underlines the utility of herbal remedies as alternative medicines for the treatment and management of urinary stones in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Kasote
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK; Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Thapa
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | - Mahendra S Khyade
- Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner 422605, Maharashtra, India
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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132
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Kim S, Chang Y, Yun KE, Jung HS, Lee SJ, Shin H, Ryu S. Development of Nephrolithiasis in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: A Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:173-181. [PMID: 28410765 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between gout and nephrolithiasis is well known, the relationship between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and the development of nephrolithiasis is largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 239,331 Korean adults who underwent a health checkup examination during January 2002 to December 2014 and were followed up annually or biennially through December 2014. PREDICTOR Baseline serum uric acid levels of participants. OUTCOME The development of nephrolithiasis during follow-up. MEASUREMENTS Nephrolithiasis is determined based on ultrasonographic findings. A parametric Cox model was used to estimate the adjusted HRs of nephrolithiasis according to serum uric acid level. RESULTS During 1,184,653.8 person-years of follow-up, 18,777 participants developed nephrolithiasis (incidence rate, 1.6/100 person-years). Elevated uric acid level was significantly associated with increased risk for nephrolithiasis in a dose-response manner (P for trend < 0.001) in men. This dose-response association was not observed in women. In male participants, multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident nephrolithiasis comparing uric acid levels of 6.0 to 6.9, 7.0 to 7.9, 8.0 to 8.9, 9.0 to 9.9, and ≥10.0mg/dL with uric acid levels < 6.0mg/dL were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.11), 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05-1.16), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.13-1.29), 1.31 (95% CI, 1.17-1.46), and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.44-2.06), respectively. This association was observed in all clinically relevant subgroups and persisted even after adjustment for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level. LIMITATIONS Dietary information and computed tomographic diagnosis of nephrolithiasis were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort study, increased serum uric acid level was modestly and independently associated with increased risk for the development of nephrolithiasis in a dose-response manner in apparently healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seolhye Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Eun Yun
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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133
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Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis is critical to maintenance of normal health. Renal ammonia excretion is the quantitatively predominant component of renal net acid excretion, both under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances. Although titratable acid excretion also contributes to renal net acid excretion, the quantitative contribution of titratable acid excretion is less than that of ammonia under basal conditions and is only a minor component of the adaptive response to acid-base disturbances. In contrast to other urinary solutes, ammonia is produced in the kidney and then is selectively transported either into the urine or the renal vein. The proportion of ammonia that the kidney produces that is excreted in the urine varies dramatically in response to physiological stimuli, and only urinary ammonia excretion contributes to acid-base homeostasis. As a result, selective and regulated renal ammonia transport by renal epithelial cells is central to acid-base homeostasis. Both molecular forms of ammonia, NH3 and NH4+, are transported by specific proteins, and regulation of these transport processes determines the eventual fate of the ammonia produced. In this review, we discuss these issues, and then discuss in detail the specific proteins involved in renal epithelial cell ammonia transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
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134
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Bidentate iminodiacetate modified dendrimer for bone imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1252-1255. [PMID: 28153357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new dendrimer probe was designed for bone imaging. Bidentate iminodiacetate groups were introduced to the probe to obtain strong bind to bones. The assembled dendrimeric probe, with four iminodiacetate moieties and a fluorescent tag, displayed good selectivity to hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate salts. In mice, the probe offered vivid skeletal details after intravenous delivery.
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135
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Effect of Diazotated Sulphonated Polystyrene Films on the Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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136
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Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a common affliction, affecting approximately 10% of adults. Potentially presenting with acute abdominal or flank pain, nausea, or emesis, it may pose as a general surgical condition. Therefore, recognition, diagnosis, and management concerns are pertinent to the general surgeon. Furthermore, the risk of nephrolithiasis is increased in common general surgical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, hyperparathyroidism, and short gut. Nephrolithiasis may be induced as a result of general surgical interventions, including gastric bypass and bowel resection with ileostomy. An understanding of this common disease will improve coordination of patient care between urologists and general surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann P Ingimarsson
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amy E Krambeck
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vernon M Pais
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Section of Urology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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137
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Lee HW, Handlogten ME, Osis G, Clapp WL, Wakefield DN, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Expression of sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 1 (NaDC1/SLC13A2) in normal and neoplastic human kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F427-F435. [PMID: 27927654 PMCID: PMC5374311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00559.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated dicarboxylate transport is critical for acid-base homeostasis, prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis, regulation of collecting duct sodium chloride transport, and the regulation of blood pressure. Although luminal dicarboxylate reabsorption via NaDC1 (SLC13A2) is believed to be the primary mechanism regulating renal dicarboxylate transport, the specific localization of NaDC1 in the human kidney is currently unknown. This study's purpose was to determine NaDC1's expression in normal and neoplastic human kidneys. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated NaDC1 expression with an apparent molecular weight of ~61 kDa. Immunohistochemistry showed apical NaDC1 immunolabel in the proximal tubule of normal human kidney tissue; well-preserved proximal tubule brush border was clearly labeled. Apical NaDC1 expression was evident throughout the entire proximal tubule, including the initial proximal convoluted tubule, as identified by origination from the glomerular tuft, and extending through the terminal of the proximal tubule, the proximal straight tubule in the outer medulla. We confirmed proximal tubule localization by colocalization with the proximal tubule specific protein, NBCe1. NaDC1 immunolabel was not detected other than in the proximal tubule. In addition, NaDC1 immunolabel was not detected in tumors of presumed proximal tubule origin, clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma, or in tumors of nonproximal tubule origin, oncocytoma and chromophobe carcinoma. In summary, 1) in the human kidney, apical NaDC1 immunolabel is present throughout the entire proximal tubule, and is not detectable in other renal cells; and 2) NaDC1 immunolabel is not present in renal tumors. These studies provide important information regarding NaDC1's role in human dicarboxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mary E Handlogten
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gunars Osis
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Dara N Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; .,Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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138
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Physicochemical mechanisms of stone formation. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:27-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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139
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Rimer JD, Kolbach-Mandel AM, Ward MD, Wesson JA. The role of macromolecules in the formation of kidney stones. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:57-74. [PMID: 27913854 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of crystal aggregates, one of the critical processes in kidney stone pathogenesis, involves interactions between crystals (predominantly calcium oxalate monohydrate, COM) and urinary constituents (e.g., proteins), which serve as an adhesive "glue" between crystals in stones. To develop a better understanding of the protein-crystal interactions that lead to crystal aggregation, we have measured the effect of model proteins on bulk COM crystal properties as well as their adsorption on crystal surfaces using three synthetic polyanions: poly(aspartic acid) (polyD), poly(glutamic acid) (polyE), and poly(acrylic acid) (polyAA). These anionic macromolecules reduced the amount of COM crystal aggregation in bulk solution to an extent similar to that observed for mixture of proteins from normal urine, with little difference between the polymers. In contrast, the polymers exhibited differences in measures of COM crystal growth. Polycations such as poly(arginine) (polyR) and poly(lysine) (polyK) reduced aggregation weakly and exerted negligible effects on crystal growth. All polyions were found to associate with COM crystal surfaces, as evidenced by changes in the zeta potential of COM crystals in electrophoretic mobility measurements. On the other hand, COM aggregation and possibly growth can be promoted by many binary mixtures of polycations and polyanions, which appeared to be mediated by polymer aggregate formation rather than loss of crystal charge stabilization. Similarly, crystal aggregation promotion behavior can be driven by forming aggregates of weakly charged polyanions, like Tamm-Horsfall protein, suggesting that polymer (protein) aggregation may play a critical role in stone formation. Sensitivity of polyanion-COM crystal surface interactions to the chemical composition of polymer side groups were demonstrated by large differences in crystal aggregation behavior between polyD and polyE, which correlated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of growth inhibition on various COM surfaces and chemical force microscopy (CFM) measurements of unbinding forces between COM crystal surfaces and AFM tips decorated with either carboxylate or amidinium moieties (mimicking polyanion and polyR side chains, respectively). The lack of strong interaction for polyE at the COM (100) surface compared to polyD appeared to be the critical difference. Finally, the simultaneous presence of polyanions and polycations appeared to alter the ability of polycations to mediate unbinding forces in CFM and promote crystal growth. In summary, polyanions strongly associated with COM surfaces and influenced crystallization, while polycations did not, though important differences were observed based on the physicochemical properties of polyanions. Observations suggest that COM aggregation with both polyanion-polycation mixtures and weakly charged polyanions is promoted by polymer aggregate formation, which plays a critical role in bridging crystal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204-4004, USA
| | - Ann M Kolbach-Mandel
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Wesson
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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140
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Bhadja P, Lunagariya J, Ouyang JM. Seaweed sulphated polysaccharide as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate renal stone formation. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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141
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Robertson WG. Do "inhibitors of crystallisation" play any role in the prevention of kidney stones? A critique. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:43-56. [PMID: 27900407 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A critical examination of data in the literature and in as yet unpublished laboratory records on the possible role of so-called inhibitors of crystallisation in preventing the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones leads to the following conclusions. So-called inhibitors of spontaneous "self-nucleation" are unlikely to play any role in the initiation of the crystallisation of CaOx or CaP in urine because excessive urinary supersaturation of urine with respect to these salts dominates the onset of "self-nucleation" within the normal time frame of the transit of tubular fluid through the nephron (3-4 min). Inhibitors of the crystal growth of CaOx crystals may or may not play a significant role in the prevention of CaOx stone-formation since once again excessive supersaturation of urine can overwhelm any potential effect of the inhibitors on the growth process. However, they may play a role as inhibitors of crystal growth at lower levels of metastable supersaturation when the balance between supersaturation and inhibitors is more equal. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal aggregation may play a significant role in the prevention of stones, since they do not appear to be strongly affected by excessive supersaturation, either in vitro or in vivo. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal binding to renal tubular epithelium may exist but further studies are necessary to elucidate their importance in reducing the risk of initiating stones in the renal tubules. Inhibitors of CaOx crystal binding to Randall's Plaques and Randall's Plugs may exist but further studies are necessary to elucidate their importance in reducing the risk of initiating stones on renal papillae. There may be an alternative explanation other than a deficiency in the excretion of inhibitors for the observations that there is a difference between CaOx crystal size and degree of aggregation in the fresh, warm urines of normal subjects compared those in urine from patients with recurrent CaOx stones. This difference may depend more on the site of "self-nucleation" of CaOx crystals in the renal tubule rather than on a deficiency in the excretion of so-called inhibitors of crystallisation by patients with CaOx stones. The claim that administration of potassium citrate, potassium magnesium citrate or magnesium hydroxide reduces the rate of stone recurrence may be due to the effect of these forms of medication on the supersaturation of urine with respect to CaOx and CaP rather than to any increase in "inhibitory activity" attributed to these forms of treatment. In summary, there is a competition between supersaturation and so-called inhibitors of crystallisation which ultimately determines the pattern of crystalluria in stone-formers and normals. If the supersaturation of urine with respect to CaOx reaches or exceeds the 3-4 min formation product of that salt, then it dominates the crystallisation process both in terms of "self-nucleation" and crystal growth but appears to have little or no effect on the degree of aggregation of the crystals produced. At supersaturation levels of urine with respect to CaOx well below the 3-4 min formation product of that salt, the influence of inhibitors increases and some may affect not only the degree of aggregation but also the crystal growth of any pre-formed crystals of CaOx at these lower levels of metastability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robertson
- Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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142
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Panigrahi PN, Dey S, Sahoo M, Choudhary SS, Mahajan S. Alteration in Oxidative/nitrosative imbalance, histochemical expression of osteopontin and antiurolithiatic efficacy of Xanthium strumarium (L.) in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1524-1532. [PMID: 27876212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium has traditionally been used in the treatment of urolitiasis especially by the rural people in India, but its antiurolithiatic efficacy was not explored scientifically till now. Therefore, the present study was designed to validate the ethnic practice scientifically, and explore the possible antiurolithiatic effect to rationalize its medicinal use. Urolitiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) for 28days along with 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for first 14days. Antiurolithiatic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract of Xanthium strumarium bur (xanthium) was evaluated based on urine and serum biochemistry, oxidative/nitrosative stress indices, histopathology, kidney calcium and calcium oxalate content and immunohistochemical expression of matrix glycoprotein, osteopontin (OPN). Administration of EG and AC resulted in hyperoxaluria, crystalluria, hypocalciuria, polyurea, raised serum urea, creatinine, erythrocytic lipid peroxidise and nitric oxide, kidney calcium content as well as crystal deposition in kidney section in lithiatic group rats. However, xanthium treatment significantly restored the impairment in above kidney function test as that of standard treatment, cystone. The up-regulation of OPN was also significantly decreased after xanthium treatment. The present findings demonstrate the curative efficacy of xanthium in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis, possibly mediated through inhibition of various pathways involved in renal calcium oxalate formation, antioxidant property and down regulation of matrix glycoprotein, OPN. Therefore, future studies may be established to evaluate its efficacy and safety for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nibash Panigrahi
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India; Division of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
| | - Sahadeb Dey
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Choudhary
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Sumit Mahajan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
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143
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Calcium Oxalate Induces Renal Injury through Calcium-Sensing Receptor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5203801. [PMID: 27965733 PMCID: PMC5124692 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5203801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a role in calcium-oxalate-induced renal injury. Materials and Methods. HK-2 cells and rats were treated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals with or without pretreatment with the CaSR-specific agonist gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) or the CaSR-specific antagonist NPS2390. Changes in oxidative stress (OS) in HK-2 cells and rat kidneys were assessed. In addition, CaSR, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 expression was determined. Further, crystal adhesion assay was performed in vitro, and the serum urea and creatinine levels and crystal deposition in the kidneys were also examined. Results. CaOx increased CaSR, ERK, JNK, and p38 protein expression and OS in vitro and in vivo. These deleterious changes were further enhanced upon pretreatment with the CaSR agonist GdCl3 but were attenuated by the specific CaSR inhibitor NPS2390 compared with CaOx treatment alone. Pretreatment with GdCl3 further increased in vitro and in vivo crystal adhesion and renal hypofunction. In contrast, pretreatment with NPS2390 decreased in vitro and in vivo crystal adhesion and renal hypofunction. Conclusions. CaOx-induced renal injury is related to CaSR-mediated OS and increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which subsequently leads to CaOx crystal adhesion.
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Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Desai J, Marschner JA, Kumar SVR, Weidenbusch M, Grigorescu M, Lech M, Eltrich N, Müller L, Hans W, Hrabě de Angelis M, Vielhauer V, Hoppe B, Asplin J, Burzlaff N, Herrmann M, Evan A, Anders HJ. Hyperoxaluria Requires TNF Receptors to Initiate Crystal Adhesion and Kidney Stone Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:761-768. [PMID: 27612997 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal crystals trigger inflammation and renal cell necroptosis, processes that involve TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TNFRs also have a direct role in tubular crystal deposition and progression of hyperoxaluria-related CKD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulated tubular expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in human and murine kidneys with calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrocalcinosis-related CKD compared with controls. Western blot and mRNA expression analyses in mice yielded consistent data. When fed an oxalate-rich diet, wild-type mice developed progressive CKD, whereas Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice did not. Despite identical levels of hyperoxaluria, Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice also lacked the intrarenal CaOx deposition and tubular damage observed in wild-type mice. Inhibition of TNFR signaling prevented the induced expression of the crystal adhesion molecules, CD44 and annexin II, in tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and treatment with the small molecule TNFR inhibitor R-7050 partially protected hyperoxaluric mice from nephrocalcinosis and CKD. We conclude that TNFR signaling is essential for CaOx crystal adhesion to the luminal membrane of renal tubules as a fundamental initiating mechanism of oxalate nephropathy. Furthermore, therapeutic blockade of TNFR might delay progressive forms of nephrocalcinosis in oxalate nephropathy, such as primary hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh V R Kumar
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Weidenbusch
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Asplin
- Litholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department for Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andrew Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany;
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145
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Abstract
The most common presentation of nephrolithiasis is idiopathic calcium stones in patients without systemic disease. Most stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate and form on a base of interstitial apatite deposits, known as Randall's plaque. By contrast some stones are composed largely of calcium phosphate, as either hydroxyapatite or brushite (calcium monohydrogen phosphate), and are usually accompanied by deposits of calcium phosphate in the Bellini ducts. These deposits result in local tissue damage and might serve as a site of mineral overgrowth. Stone formation is driven by supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate and brushite. The level of supersaturation is related to fluid intake as well as to the levels of urinary citrate and calcium. Risk of stone formation is increased when urine citrate excretion is <400 mg per day, and treatment with potassium citrate has been used to prevent stones. Urine calcium levels >200 mg per day also increase stone risk and often result in negative calcium balance. Reduced renal calcium reabsorption has a role in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Low sodium diets and thiazide-type diuretics lower urine calcium levels and potentially reduce the risk of stone recurrence and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric L Coe
- Nephrology Section MC 5100, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 USA
| | - Elaine M Worcester
- Nephrology Section MC 5100, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 USA
| | - Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 5055, Indianapolis, IN 46220, Indiana, USA
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146
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Tooulakou G, Giannopoulos A, Nikolopoulos D, Bresta P, Dotsika E, Orkoula MG, Kontoyannis CG, Fasseas C, Liakopoulos G, Klapa MI, Karabourniotis G. Alarm Photosynthesis: Calcium Oxalate Crystals as an Internal CO2 Source in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2577-85. [PMID: 27261065 PMCID: PMC4972262 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate crystals are widespread among animals and plants. In land plants, crystals often reach high amounts, up to 80% of dry biomass. They are formed within specific cells, and their accumulation constitutes a normal activity rather than a pathological symptom, as occurs in animals. Despite their ubiquity, our knowledge on the formation and the possible role(s) of these crystals remains limited. We show that the mesophyll crystals of pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) exhibit diurnal volume changes with a gradual decrease during daytime and a total recovery during the night. Moreover, stable carbon isotope composition indicated that crystals are of nonatmospheric origin. Stomatal closure (under drought conditions or exogenous application of abscisic acid) was accompanied by crystal decomposition and by increased activity of oxalate oxidase that converts oxalate into CO2 Similar results were also observed under drought stress in Dianthus chinensis, Pelargonium peltatum, and Portulacaria afra Moreover, in A. hybridus, despite closed stomata, the leaf metabolic profiles combined with chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated active photosynthetic metabolism. In combination, calcium oxalate crystals in leaves can act as a biochemical reservoir that collects nonatmospheric carbon, mainly during the night. During the day, crystal degradation provides subsidiary carbon for photosynthetic assimilation, especially under drought conditions. This new photosynthetic path, with the suggested name "alarm photosynthesis," seems to provide a number of adaptive advantages, such as water economy, limitation of carbon losses to the atmosphere, and a lower risk of photoinhibition, roles that justify its vast presence in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Tooulakou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Andreas Giannopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Elissavet Dotsika
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Malvina G Orkoula
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Christos G Kontoyannis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Costas Fasseas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - Maria I Klapa
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
| | - George Karabourniotis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology (G.T., A.G., D.N., P.B., G.L., G.K.) and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (C.F.), Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory (G.T., M.I.K.), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (C.G.K.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Material Science, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR-11510 Athens, Greece (E.D.); Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece (M.G.O., C.G.K.); and Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (M.I.K.)
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147
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Paoli R, Samitier J. Mimicking the Kidney: A Key Role in Organ-on-Chip Development. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E126. [PMID: 30404298 PMCID: PMC6190229 DOI: 10.3390/mi7070126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drug screening and research into diseases call for significant improvement in the effectiveness of current in vitro models. Better models would reduce the likelihood of costly failures at later drug development stages, while limiting or possibly even avoiding the use of animal models. In this regard, promising advances have recently been made by the so-called "organ-on-chip" (OOC) technology. By combining cell culture with microfluidics, biomedical researchers have started to develop microengineered models of the functional units of human organs. With the capacity to mimic physiological microenvironments and vascular perfusion, OOC devices allow the reproduction of tissue- and organ-level functions. When considering drug testing, nephrotoxicity is a major cause of attrition during pre-clinical, clinical, and post-approval stages. Renal toxicity accounts for 19% of total dropouts during phase III drug evaluation-more than half the drugs abandoned because of safety concerns. Mimicking the functional unit of the kidney, namely the nephron, is therefore a crucial objective. Here we provide an extensive review of the studies focused on the development of a nephron-on-chip device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paoli
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Electronics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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148
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Guaifenesin stone matrix proteomics: a protocol for identifying proteins critical to stone formation. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:139-149. [PMID: 27435233 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-related kidney stones are a diagnostic problem, since they contain a large matrix (protein) fraction and are frequently incorrectly identified as matrix stones. A urine proteomics study patient produced a guaifenesin stone during her participation, allowing us to both correctly diagnose her disease and identify proteins critical to this drug stone-forming process. The patient provided three random midday urine samples for proteomics studies; one of which contained stone-like sediment with two distinct fractions. These solids were characterized with optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Immunoblotting and quantitative mass spectrometry were used to quantitatively identify the proteins in urine and stone matrix. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the sediment was 60 % protein and 40 % guaifenesin and its metabolite guaiacol. Of the 156 distinct proteins identified in the proteomic studies, 49 were identified in the two stone-components with approximately 50 % of those proteins also found in this patient's urine. Many proteins observed in this drug-related stone have also been reported in proteomic matrix studies of uric acid and calcium containing stones. More importantly, nine proteins were highly enriched and highly abundant in the stone matrix and 8 were reciprocally depleted in urine, suggesting a critical role for these proteins in guaifenesin stone formation. Accurate stone analysis is critical to proper diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones. Many matrix proteins were common to all stone types, but likely not related to disease mechanism. This protocol defined a small set of proteins that were likely critical to guaifenesin stone formation based on their high enrichment and high abundance in stone matrix, and it should be applied to all stone types.
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149
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Kassemi M, Thompson D. Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 2. Effect of dietary countermeasures. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F531-8. [PMID: 27279491 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytic Population Balance Equation model is used to assess the efficacy of citrate, pyrophosphate, and augmented fluid intake as dietary countermeasures aimed at reducing the risk of renal stone formation for astronauts. The model uses the measured biochemical profile of the astronauts as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating renal calculi subject to biochemical changes brought about by administration of these dietary countermeasures. Numerical predictions indicate that an increase in citrate levels beyond its average normal ground-based urinary values is beneficial but only to a limited extent. Unfortunately, results also indicate that any decline in the citrate levels during space travel below its normal urinary values on Earth can easily move the astronaut into the stone-forming risk category. Pyrophosphate is found to be an effective inhibitor since numerical predictions indicate that even at quite small urinary concentrations, it has the potential of shifting the maximum crystal aggregate size to a much smaller and plausibly safer range. Finally, our numerical results predict a decline in urinary volume below 1.5 liters/day can act as a dangerous promoter of renal stone development in microgravity while urinary volume levels of 2.5-3 liters/day can serve as effective space countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kassemi
- National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Thompson
- National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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150
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Baldev N, Sriram R, Prabu PC, Kurian Gino A. Effect of mitochondrial potassium channel on the renal protection mediated by sodium thiosulfate against ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in rat model. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:1116-25. [PMID: 26742969 PMCID: PMC4756937 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is clinically reported to be a promising drug in preventing nephrolithiasis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the renal protection mediated by STS. Materials and Methods: Nephrolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by administrating 0.4% ethylene glycol (EG) along with 1% ammonium chloride for one week in drinking water followed by only 0.75% EG for two weeks. Treatment groups received STS, mitochondrial KATP channel opener and closer exclusively or in combination with STS for two weeks. Results: Animals treated with STS showed normal renal tissue architecture, supported by near normal serum creatinine, urea and ALP activity. Diazoxide (mitochondria KATP channel opening) treatment to the animal also showed normal renal tissue histology and improved serum chemistry. However, an opposite result was shown by glibenclamide (mitochondria KATP channel closer) treated rats. STS administered along with diazoxide negated the renal protection rendered by diazoxide alone, while it imparted protection to the glibenclamide treated rats, formulating a mitochondria modulated STS action. Conclusion: The present study confirmed that STS render renal protection not only through chelation and antioxidant effect but also by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baldev
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sriram
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P C Prabu
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Kurian Gino
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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