101
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Prakash A, Garcia-Moreno JF, Brown JAL, Bourke E. Clinically Applicable Inhibitors Impacting Genome Stability. Molecules 2018; 23:E1166. [PMID: 29757235 PMCID: PMC6100577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology have facilitated the molecular profiling (genomic and transcriptomic) of tumours, and has led to improved stratification of patients and the individualisation of treatment regimes. To fully realize the potential of truly personalised treatment options, we need targeted therapies that precisely disrupt the compensatory pathways identified by profiling which allow tumours to survive or gain resistance to treatments. Here, we discuss recent advances in novel therapies that impact the genome (chromosomes and chromatin), pathways targeted and the stage of the pathways targeted. The current state of research will be discussed, with a focus on compounds that have advanced into trials (clinical and pre-clinical). We will discuss inhibitors of specific DNA damage responses and other genome stability pathways, including those in development, which are likely to synergistically combine with current therapeutic options. Tumour profiling data, combined with the knowledge of new treatments that affect the regulation of essential tumour signalling pathways, is revealing fundamental insights into cancer progression and resistance mechanisms. This is the forefront of the next evolution of advanced oncology medicine that will ultimately lead to improved survival and may, one day, result in many cancers becoming chronic conditions, rather than fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Prakash
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Juan F Garcia-Moreno
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Emer Bourke
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
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102
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment Transformation: The Mechanism of Radioresistant Gastric Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5801209. [PMID: 29770167 PMCID: PMC5892229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5801209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the primary causes responsible for therapeutic failure and recurrence of cancer. It is well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the initiation and development of gastric cancer (GC), and the levels of ROS are significantly increased in patients with GC accompanied with abnormal expressions of multiple inflammatory factors. It is also well documented that ROS can activate cancer cells and inflammatory cells, stimulating the release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, which subsequently mediates the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance as well as renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ultimately resulting in radioresistance and recurrence of GC.
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103
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Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and cancer relapse are major clinical challenges attributed to a sub population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The concept of CSCs has been the subject of intense research by the oncology community since evidence for their existence was first published over twenty years ago. Emerging data indicates that they are also able to evade novel therapies such as targeted agents, immunotherapies and anti-angiogenics. The inability to appropriately identify and isolate CSCs is a major hindrance to the field and novel technologies are now being utilized. Agents that target CSC-associated cell surface receptors and signaling pathways have generated promising pre-clinical results and are now entering clinical trial. Here we discuss and evaluate current therapeutic strategies to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Annett
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland.
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104
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Schulten HJ, Bangash M, Karim S, Dallol A, Hussein D, Merdad A, Al-Thoubaity FK, Al-Maghrabi J, Jamal A, Al-Ghamdi F, Choudhry H, Baeesa SS, Chaudhary AG, Al-Qahtani MH. Comprehensive molecular biomarker identification in breast cancer brain metastases. J Transl Med 2017; 15:269. [PMID: 29287594 PMCID: PMC5747948 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) develop in about 20–30% of breast cancer (BC) patients. BCBM are associated with dismal prognosis not at least due to lack of valuable molecular therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was to identify new molecular biomarkers and targets in BCBM by using complementary state-of-the-art techniques. Methods We compared array expression profiles of three BCBM with 16 non-brain metastatic BC and 16 primary brain tumors (prBT) using a false discovery rate (FDR) p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2. Biofunctional analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed probe sets. High-density arrays were employed to detect copy number variations (CNVs) and whole exome sequencing (WES) with paired-end reads of 150 bp was utilized to detect gene mutations in the three BCBM. Results The top 370 probe sets that were differentially expressed between BCBM and both BC and prBT were in the majority comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included, e.g. the coding genes BCL3, BNIP3, BNIP3P1, BRIP1, CASP14, CDC25A, DMBT1, IDH2, E2F1, MYCN, RAD51, RAD54L, and VDR. A number of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included SNORA1, SNORA2A, SNORA9, SNORA10, SNORA22, SNORA24, SNORA30, SNORA37, SNORA38, SNORA52, SNORA71A, SNORA71B, SNORA71C, SNORD13P2, SNORD15A, SNORD34, SNORD35A, SNORD41, SNORD53, and SCARNA22. The top canonical pathway was entitled, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response. Network analysis revealed key nodes as Akt, ERK1/2, NFkB, and Ras in a predicted activation stage. Downregulated genes in a data set that was shared between BCBM and prBT comprised, e.g. BC cell line invasion markers JUN, MMP3, TFF1, and HAS2. Important cancer genes affected by CNVs included TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, ERBB2, IDH1, and IDH2. WES detected numerous mutations, some of which affecting BC associated genes as CDH1, HEPACAM, and LOXHD1. Conclusions Using complementary molecular genetic techniques, this study identified shared and unshared molecular events in three highly aberrant BCBM emphasizing the challenge to detect new molecular biomarkers and targets with translational implications. Among new findings with the capacity to gain clinical relevance is the detection of overexpressed snoRNAs known to regulate some critical cellular functions as ribosome biogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Merdad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma K Al-Thoubaity
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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105
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Non-BRCA1/2 Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes: A New Frontier with Clinical Consequences for Plastic Surgeons. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1564. [PMID: 29263966 PMCID: PMC5732672 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Twenty percent of breast cancer cases may be related to a genetic mutation conferring an increased risk of malignancy. The most common and prominent breast cancer susceptibility genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2, found in nearly 40% of such cases. However, continued interest and investigation of cancer genetics has led to the identification of a myriad of different breast cancer susceptibility genes. Additional genes, each with unique significance and associated characteristics, continue to be recognized. Concurrently, advanced genetic testing, while still controversial, has become more accessible and cost-effective. As oncologic and reconstructive advances continue to be made in prophylactic breast reconstructive surgery, patients may present to plastic surgeons with an increasingly more diverse array of genetic diagnoses to discuss breast reconstruction. It is therefore imperative that plastic surgeons be familiar with these breast cancer susceptibility genes and their clinical implications. We, therefore, aim to review the most common non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer susceptibility genetic mutations in an effort to assist plastic surgeons in counseling and managing this unique patient population. Included in this review are syndromic breast cancer susceptibility genes such as TP53, PTEN, CDH1, and STK11, among others. Nonsyndromic breast cancer susceptibility genes herein reviewed include PALB2, CHEK2, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. With this knowledge, plastic surgeons can play a central role in the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, including successful breast reconstruction, of all patients carrying genetic mutations conferring increased risk for breast malignancies.
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Carey JPW, Karakas C, Bui T, Chen X, Vijayaraghavan S, Zhao Y, Wang J, Mikule K, Litton JK, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Synthetic Lethality of PARP Inhibitors in Combination with MYC Blockade Is Independent of BRCA Status in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:742-757. [PMID: 29180466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) benefit only a fraction of breast cancer patients. Several of those patients exhibit intrinsic/acquired resistance mechanisms that limit efficacy of PARPi monotherapy. Here we show how the efficacy of PARPi in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) can be expanded by targeting MYC-induced oncogenic addiction. In BRCA-mutant/sporadic TNBC patients, amplification of the MYC gene is correlated with increased expression of the homologous DNA recombination enzyme RAD51 and tumors overexpressing both genes are associated with worse overall survival. Combining MYC blockade with PARPi yielded synthetic lethality in MYC-driven TNBC cells. Using the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib, which downregulates MYC expression, we found that combination with the PARPi niraparib increased DNA damage and downregulated homologous recombination, leading to subsequent downregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cell phenotypes. Notably, dinaciclib resensitized TBNC cells, which had acquired resistance to niraparib. We found that the synthetic lethal strategy employing dinaciclib and niraparib was also highly efficacious in ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer cells. Taken together, our results show how blunting MYC oncogene addiction can leverage cancer cell sensitivity to PARPi, facilitating the clinical use of c-myc as a predictive biomarker for this treatment.Significance: Dual targeting of MYC-regulated homologous recombination and PARP-mediated DNA repair yields potent synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast tumors and other aggressive tumors characterized by MYC overexpression. Cancer Res; 78(3); 742-57. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P W Carey
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Cansu Karakas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tuyen Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Smruthi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Mikule
- Tesaro Biopharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massacheusetts
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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107
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Falchi F, Giacomini E, Masini T, Boutard N, Di Ianni L, Manerba M, Farabegoli F, Rossini L, Robertson J, Minucci S, Pallavicini I, Di Stefano G, Roberti M, Pellicciari R, Cavalli A. Synthetic Lethality Triggered by Combining Olaparib with BRCA2-Rad51 Disruptors. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2491-2497. [PMID: 28841282 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In BRCA2-defective cells, poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors can trigger synthetic lethality, as two independent DNA-repairing mechanisms are simultaneously impaired. Here, we have pharmacologically induced synthetic lethality, which was triggered by combining two different small organic molecules. When administered with a BRCA2-Rad51 disruptor in nonmutant cells, Olaparib showed anticancer activity comparable to that shown when administered alone in BRCA2-defective cells. This strategy could represent an innovative approach to anticancer drug discovery and could be extended to other synthetic lethality pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Falchi
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Masini
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolas Boutard
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Ianni
- Department
of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Manerba
- Department
of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fulvia Farabegoli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lara Rossini
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via Palmiro Togliatti 22bis, I-06073 Loc. Terrioli, Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | - Janet Robertson
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via Palmiro Togliatti 22bis, I-06073 Loc. Terrioli, Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department
of Experimental Oncology at the European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, I-20100 Milan, Italy
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department
of Experimental Oncology at the European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, I-20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Stefano
- Department
of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Pellicciari
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via Palmiro Togliatti 22bis, I-06073 Loc. Terrioli, Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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108
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Hengel SR, Spies MA, Spies M. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting DNA Repair and DNA Repair Deficiency in Research and Cancer Therapy. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1101-1119. [PMID: 28938088 PMCID: PMC5679738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To maintain stable genomes and to avoid cancer and aging, cells need to repair a multitude of deleterious DNA lesions, which arise constantly in every cell. Processes that support genome integrity in normal cells, however, allow cancer cells to develop resistance to radiation and DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. Chemical inhibition of the key DNA repair proteins and pharmacologically induced synthetic lethality have become instrumental in both dissecting the complex DNA repair networks and as promising anticancer agents. The difficulty in capitalizing on synthetically lethal interactions in cancer cells is that many potential targets do not possess well-defined small-molecule binding determinates. In this review, we discuss several successful campaigns to identify and leverage small-molecule inhibitors of the DNA repair proteins, from PARP1, a paradigm case for clinically successful small-molecule inhibitors, to coveted new targets, such as RAD51 recombinase, RAD52 DNA repair protein, MRE11 nuclease, and WRN DNA helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hengel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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109
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Rivera B, Di Iorio M, Frankum J, Nadaf J, Fahiminiya S, Arcand SL, Burk DL, Grapton D, Tomiak E, Hastings V, Hamel N, Wagener R, Aleynikova O, Giroux S, Hamdan FF, Dionne-Laporte A, Zogopoulos G, Rousseau F, Berghuis AM, Provencher D, Rouleau GA, Michaud JL, Mes-Masson AM, Majewski J, Bens S, Siebert R, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Lord CJ, Tonin PN, Orthwein A, Foulkes WD. Functionally Null RAD51D Missense Mutation Associates Strongly with Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4517-4529. [PMID: 28646019 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RAD51D is a key player in DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR), and RAD51D truncating variant carriers have an increased risk for ovarian cancer. However, the contribution of nontruncating RAD51D variants to cancer predisposition remains uncertain. Using deep sequencing and case-control genotyping studies, we show that in French Canadians, the missense RAD51D variant c.620C>T;p.S207L is highly prevalent and is associated with a significantly increased risk for ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC; 3.8% cases vs. 0.2% controls). The frequency of the p.S207L variant did not significantly differ from that of controls in breast, endometrial, pancreas, or colorectal adenocarcinomas. Functionally, we show that this mutation impairs HR by disrupting the RAD51D-XRCC2 interaction and confers PARP inhibitor sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of a functional RAD51D-XRCC2 interaction to promote HR and prevent the development of HGSC. This study identifies c.620C>T;p.S207L as the first bona fide pathogenic RAD51D missense cancer susceptibility allele and supports the use of targeted PARP-inhibitor therapies in ovarian cancer patients carrying deleterious missense RAD51D variants. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4517-29. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rivera
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Massimo Di Iorio
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Somayyeh Fahiminiya
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suzanna L Arcand
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - David L Burk
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Eva Tomiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Hastings
- Department of Genetics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Hamel
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Aleynikova
- Department of pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Giroux
- University of Laval and CHU Research Centre, Quebec; Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - George Zogopoulos
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- The Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du CHUM and Institut du cancer de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du CHUM and Institut du cancer de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steven A Narod
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia N Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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110
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Wang D, Du R, Liu S. Rad51 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to PARP inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:37. [PMID: 28359295 PMCID: PMC5372300 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ruikai Du
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Suling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
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111
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Zhou J, Chen Q, Zou Y, Chen H, Qi L, Chen Y. Conservative surgery in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Front Oncol 1984; 9:820. [PMID: 31555586 PMCID: PMC6722475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells have been known to contribute immensely to the carcinogenesis of the breast and therapeutic resistance in the clinic. Current studies show that the population of breast cancer stem cells is heterogeneous, involving various cellular markers and regulatory signaling pathways. In addition, different subtypes of breast cancer exhibit distinct subtypes and frequencies of breast cancer stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells, including their various molecular markers, prominent regulatory signaling, and complex microenvironment. The cellular origins of breast cancer are discussed to understand the heterogeneity and diverse differentiations of stem cells. Importantly, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in the therapeutic implications of breast cancer stem cells in different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaojiao Zhou
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiheng Zou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Qi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Yiding Chen
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