102
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Dong J, Demarest SJ, Sereno A, Tamraz S, Langley E, Doern A, Snipas T, Perron K, Joseph I, Glaser SM, Ho SN, Reff ME, Hariharan K. Combination of two insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibitory antibodies targeting distinct epitopes leads to an enhanced antitumor response. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2593-604. [PMID: 20716637 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates cell survival signaling and supports tumor progression in multiple tumor types. We identified a spectrum of inhibitory IGF-IR antibodies with diverse binding epitopes and ligand-blocking properties. By binding distinct inhibitory epitopes, two of these antibodies, BIIB4 and BIIB5, block both IGF-I and IGF-II binding to IGF-IR using competitive and allosteric mechanisms, respectively. Here, we explored the inhibitory effects of combining BIIB4 and BIIB5. In biochemical assays, the combination of BIIB4 and BIIB5 improved both the potency and extent of IGF-I and IGF-II blockade compared with either antibody alone. In tumor cells, the combination of BIIB4 and BIIB5 accelerated IGF-IR downregulation and more efficiently inhibited IGF-IR activation as well as downstream signaling, particularly AKT phosphorylation. In several carcinoma cell lines, the antibody combination more effectively inhibited ligand-driven cell growth than either BIIB4 or BIIB5 alone. Notably, the enhanced tumor growth-inhibitory activity of the BIIB4 and BIIB5 combination was much more pronounced at high ligand concentrations, where the individual antibodies exhibited substantially reduced activity. Compared with single antibodies, the BIIB4 and BIIB5 combination also significantly further enhanced the antitumor activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Moreover, in osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft models, the BIIB4 and BIIB5 combination significantly reduced tumor growth to a greater degree than each single antibody. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting multiple distinct inhibitory epitopes on IGF-IR may be a more effective strategy of affecting the IGF-IR pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Dong
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Biogen Idec, Inc., San Diego, California 92122, USA.
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103
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Chung CH, Pohlmann PR, Rothenberg ML, Burkey BB, Parker J, Palka K, Aulino J, Puzanov I, Murphy B. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor, AMG-479, in cetuximab-refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 33:1804-8. [PMID: 20652976 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a difficult cancer to treat. Here, we describe a patient with HNSCC who had complete response to methotrexate (MTX) after progressing on multiple cytotoxic agents, cetuximab, and AMG-479 (monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor [IGF-1R]). METHODS The clinical information was collected by a retrospective medical record review under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. From 4 tumors and 2 normal mucosal epithelia, global gene expression, and IGF-1R and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein levels were determined. RESULTS Effective target inhibition in the tumor was confirmed by the decreased protein levels of total and phospho-IGF-1R after treatment with AMG-479. Decreased level of DHFR and conversion of a gene expression profile associated with cetuximab-resistance to cetuximab-sensitivity were also observed. CONCLUSION This suggests that the combination of AMG-479 and MTX or cetuximab may be a promising therapeutic approach in refractory HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Chung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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104
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Chames P, Kerfelec B, Baty D. Therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10:1107-20. [PMID: 20563534 PMCID: PMC2925140 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with the worst mortality rate and an overall 5-year survival rate lower than 5%. In the U.S., this disease is the fourth leading cause of death and represents 6% of all cancer-related deaths. Gemcitabine, the current standard first-line treatment, offers marginal benefits to patients in terms of symptom control and prolongation of life. Since 1996, about 20 randomized phase III trials have been performed to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine, with little success regarding a significant improvement in survival outcomes. The need for novel therapeutic strategies, such as target therapy, is obvious. Monoclonal antibodies have finally come of age as therapeutics and several molecules are now approved for cancer therapies. This review aims to give a general view on the clinical results obtained so far by antibodies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and describes the most promising avenues toward a significant improvement in the treatment of this frustrating disease.
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105
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Gehrig PA, Bae-Jump VL. Promising novel therapies for the treatment of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 116:187-94. [PMID: 19903572 PMCID: PMC4103663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss the novel agents which are being developed for the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma and to review other molecular targets that may be interesting in the treatment of this disease. While the majority of women with endometrial cancer enjoy a relatively good prognosis, the options for those women who suffer from a disease recurrence are limited and there is a need to identify novel agents. METHODS A review of clinical trials of novel therapeutic agents and their molecular targets is provided. In addition, a review of the current literature on other potential molecular targets for endometrial cancer was performed. RESULTS Several phase II trials of novel agents, both alone and in combination with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, have been completed or are nearing completion. It appears that the targeted agents may have the most efficacy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy or in a multi-targeted agent approach. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy offers the opportunity for a meaningful response rate in women with endometrial cancer, but the responses are often short lived and cure is uncommon in the setting of recurrent disease. The recent increase in molecular targets has led to the availability of many novel therapies. Determining how these agents are to be used, alone or in combination with "standard" therapies, needs to be defined and translational studies are needed to develop rational combinations of these novel agents before we can move into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Gehrig
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7572, USA.
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106
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Beauchamp MC, Yasmeen A, Knafo A, Gotlieb WH. Targeting insulin and insulin-like growth factor pathways in epithelial ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:257058. [PMID: 20069126 PMCID: PMC2804114 DOI: 10.1155/2010/257058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, due in part to the diagnosis at an advanced stage caused by the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the absence of reliable tests for screening and early detection. Most patients will respond initially to treatment but about 70% of them will suffer a recurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to overcome chemoresistance observed in ovarian cancer patients. Evidence accumulates suggesting that the insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) pathways could act as a good therapeutic target in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. In this paper, we will focus on the role of insulin/IGF in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Ariane Knafo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Walter H. Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
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107
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Tolcher AW, Sarantopoulos J, Patnaik A, Papadopoulos K, Lin CC, Rodon J, Murphy B, Roth B, McCaffery I, Gorski KS, Kaiser B, Zhu M, Deng H, Friberg G, Puzanov I. Phase I, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of AMG 479, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor 1. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5800-7. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.23.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and evidence of antitumor activity of AMG 479, a fully human monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R). Patients and Methods Patients with advanced solid malignancies or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received escalating doses of AMG 479 intravenously (IV) every 2 weeks (Q2W). Blood samples were assayed to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and IGF-1R occupancy on neutrophils; fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scans were used to assess tumor metabolic effects. Results Fifty-three patients received 312 infusions of AMG 479 Q2W. Overall, the most common grades 1 to 2 toxicities were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, fever, rash, chills, and anorexia. One dose-limiting toxicity (ie, grade 3 thrombocytopenia) occurred in a patient at 20 mg/kg during course 1; grade 3 thrombocytopenia (n = 8) and grade 3 transaminitis elevations (n = 1) also were reported but not in the escalation phase. The maximum-planned dose of 20 mg/kg was safely administered; thus, an MTD was not reached. High levels of neutrophil IGF-1R binding and increases from baseline in serum IGF-1 levels were observed in the 12- and 20-mg/kg cohorts. Tumor responses included one durable complete response (CR) and one unconfirmed partial response (PR) in two patients with Ewing/primitive neuroectodermal tumors and included one PR and one minor response in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors. The patients with Ewing/PNET who had a CR have remained disease free on therapy after 28 months. Conclusion AMG 479 can be administered safely at 20 mg/kg IV Q2W. The absence of severe toxicities, attainment of serum concentrations associated with high levels of IGF-1R binding on neutrophils, and provocative antitumor activity warrant additional studies of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. Tolcher
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - John Sarantopoulos
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Amita Patnaik
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Kyriakos Papadopoulos
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Jordi Rodon
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Barbara Murphy
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Bruce Roth
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Ian McCaffery
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Kevin S. Gorski
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Brianne Kaiser
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Min Zhu
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Hongjie Deng
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Greg Friberg
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- From the South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, START Center for Cancer Care; and Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN; and Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA
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108
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Bruchim I, Attias Z, Werner H. Targeting the IGF1 axis in cancer proliferation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1179-92. [PMID: 19663648 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The IGF network of ligands, cell-surface receptors and IGF-binding proteins has important roles at multiple levels, including the cellular, organ and organism levels. The IGF system mediates growth, differentiation and developmental processes, and is also involved in various metabolic activities. Dysregulation of IGF system expression and action is linked to diverse pathologies, ranging from growth deficits to cancer development. Targeting of the IGF axis emerged in recent years as a promising therapeutic approach in conditions in which the IGF system is involved. Specific IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) targeting, in particular, produced the best experimental and clinical results so far, and generated significant optimism in the field. This review provides a basic analysis of the role of the IGF1R in cancer biology and explores the functional interactions between the IGF signaling pathways and various cancer genes (e.g., oncogenes, tumor suppressors). In addition, we review a number of specific malignancies in which the IGF system is involved and summarize recent data on preclinical and clinical studies employing IGF1R-targeted modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Bruchim
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel
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109
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Zhang MY, Feng Y, Wang Y, Dimitrov DS. Characterization of a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. MAbs 2009; 1:475-80. [PMID: 20065647 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.1.5.9580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) signaling system has been shown to play important roles in neoplasia. The IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-IR) is overexpressed in many types of solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and there is substantial experimental and clinical evidence that targeting IGF-IR is a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer. It has been previously reported that a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb), 4G11, blocked IGF-I binding to IGF-IR and downregulated the IGF-IR in MCF-7 cells. We cloned this antibody, constructed a human-mouse chimeric antibody, designated m590, and characterized it. The chimeric IgG1 m590 bound to cell-associated IGF-IR on NWT c43 stably transfected cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as efficiently as the parental murine antibody. Using purified IGF-IR extracellular domains, we found that both the chimeric m590 and the parental 4G11 antibodies bind to conformational epitopes on IGF-IR. Neither of these antibodies bound to the insulin receptor (IR) ectodomain. Furthermore, IgG1 m590 blocked the binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF-IR, and inhibited both IGF-I and IGF-II induced phosphorylation of IGF-IR in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that m590 could be an useful antibody in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, as well as a research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yun Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
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