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Brainard J, Gobel M, Bartels K, Scott B, Koeppen M, Eckle T. Circadian rhythms in anesthesia and critical care medicine: potential importance of circadian disruptions. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 19:49-60. [PMID: 25294583 DOI: 10.1177/1089253214553066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rotation of the earth and associated alternating cycles of light and dark--the basis of our circadian rhythms--are fundamental to human biology and culture. However, it was not until 1971 that researchers first began to describe the molecular mechanisms for the circadian system. During the past few years, groundbreaking research has revealed a multitude of circadian genes affecting a variety of clinical diseases, including diabetes, obesity, sepsis, cardiac ischemia, and sudden cardiac death. Anesthesiologists, in the operating room and intensive care units, manage these diseases on a daily basis as they significantly affect patient outcomes. Intriguingly, sedatives, anesthetics, and the intensive care unit environment have all been shown to disrupt the circadian system in patients. In the current review, we will discuss how newly acquired knowledge of circadian rhythms could lead to changes in clinical practice and new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merit Gobel
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Koeppen
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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102
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Qin T, Sun YY, Bai WW, Wang B, Xing YF, Liu Y, Yang RX, Zhao YX, Li JM. Period2 deficiency blunts hypoxia-induced mobilization and function of endothelial progenitor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108806. [PMID: 25268972 PMCID: PMC4182576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the clinic, variations in circadian rhythm are evident in patients with cardiovascular disease, and the risk of cardiovascular events increases when rhythms are disrupted. In this study, we focused on the role of the circadian gene period2 (per2) in mobilization and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro and in vivo after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was produced by surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice with and without per2 deficiency. Trans-thoracic echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function in mice. Per2-/- mice with MI showed decreased cardiac function and increased infarct size. The number of CD34+ cells and capillary density were decreased in the myocardium of per2-/- mice on immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry revealed decreased number of circulating EPCs in per2-/- mice after MI. In vitro, per2-/- EPCs showed decreased migration and tube formation capacity under hypoxia. Western blot analysis revealed inhibited activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling in the bone marrow of per2-/- mice and inhibited PI3K/Akt expression in per2-/- EPCs under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Per2 modulates EPC mobilization and function after MI, which is important to recovery after MI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wu Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (YXZ); (JML)
| | - Jian-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (YXZ); (JML)
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103
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Abstract
Among all the metabolites present in the plasma, lipids, mainly triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol, show extensive circadian rhythms. These lipids are transported in the plasma as part of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are synthesized primarily in the liver and intestine and their production exhibits circadian rhythmicity. Studies have shown that various proteins involved in lipid absorption and lipoprotein biosynthesis show circadian expression. Further, intestinal epithelial cells express circadian clock genes and these genes might control circadian expression of different proteins involved in intestinal lipid absorption. Intestinal circadian clock genes are synchronized by signals emanating from the suprachiasmatic nuclei that constitute a master clock and from signals coming from other environmental factors, such as food availability. Disruptions in central clock, as happens due to disruptions in the sleep/wake cycle, affect intestinal function. Similarly, irregularities in temporal food intake affect intestinal function. These changes predispose individuals to various metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize how circadian rhythms regulate microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, apoAIV, and nocturnin to affect diurnal regulation of lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209
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104
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Janich P, Meng QJ, Benitah SA. Circadian control of tissue homeostasis and adult stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 31:8-15. [PMID: 25016176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timekeeping mechanism adapts physiology to the 24-hour light/dark cycle. However, how the outputs of the circadian clock in different peripheral tissues communicate and synchronize each other is still not fully understood. The circadian clock has been implicated in the regulation of numerous processes, including metabolism, the cell cycle, cell differentiation, immune responses, redox homeostasis, and tissue repair. Accordingly, perturbation of the machinery that generates circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic disorders, premature ageing, and various diseases including cancer. Importantly, it is now possible to target circadian rhythms through systemic or local delivery of time cues or compounds. Here, we summarize recent findings in peripheral tissues that link the circadian clock machinery to tissue-specific functions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Janich
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- MRC Career Development Award Fellow, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
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105
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Stöhr R, Marx N, Federici M. Tick-tock: is your cardiometabolic risk on the clock? Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:66-74. [PMID: 24396116 DOI: 10.1177/1479164113516348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Governing a large amount of cellular processes in mammalian cells is a 24-h regulatory mechanism known as the circadian clock. Through the release of neurohormonal factors, the master central clock is able to regulate the otherwise independent peripheral clocks situated in all vital organs. It has recently been shown that forced misalignment of the circadian cycles, often as a consequence of lifestyle factors, is an independent cardiometabolic risk factor and may thus potentially predispose certain groups, such as nightshift workers, to cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will analyse some of the recent advances regarding circadian clock dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will touch on the developing link between circadian dysfunction and myocardial infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stöhr
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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106
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Lin C, Tang X, Zhu Z, Liao X, Zhao R, Fu W, Chen B, Jiang J, Qian R, Guo D. The rhythmic expression of clock genes attenuated in human plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:14. [PMID: 24418196 PMCID: PMC4077102 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction and stroke are more likely to occur in the early morning. Circadian pacemakers are considered to be involved in the process. Many peripheral tissues and cells also contain clock systems. In this study, we examined whether the primary cultured human plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) process circadian rhythmicity; furthermore, we investigated the expression difference of clock genes between normal human carotid VSMCs and human plaque-derived VSMCs. METHODS Fifty-six human carotid plaques provided the atherosclerotic tissue, and 21 samples yielded viable cultured primary VSMCs. The normal carotid VSMCs were cultured from donors' normal carotids. The mRNA levels of the target genes were measured by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS After serum shock, both types of cells showed clear circadian expressions of Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Per3 and Rev-erbα mRNA; meanwhile the Clock mRNA show a rhythmic expression in plaque-derived SMCs but not in normal carotid VSMCs. The expression levels of these main clock genes were significantly attenuated in human plaque-derived VSMCs compared with normal human carotid VSMCs. The rhythm of Bmal1 mRNA in plaque-derived VSMCs was changed. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate that the human plaque-derived VSMCs possess different circadian rhythmicity from that of normal carotid VSMCs. The rhythm changes of clock genes in plaque-derived VSMCs may be involved in the process of atherosclerosis and finally promote the rupture of plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpo Lin
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Liao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhao Jiang
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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