101
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Sugimoto D, Loiacono AJ, Blenis A, Morse JM, Borg DR, Meehan WP. Risk Factors in Elite, Adolescent Male Soccer Players: Prospective Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:596-605. [PMID: 32423344 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820916895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To find risk factors for soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries among elite, adolescent male soccer players. Methods. Prior to the season, various physical, clinical, and functional measurements were taken. One season was used as an injury surveillance period. Then, after the season, measures of potential risk factors were compared between (1) those players who sustained musculoskeletal injuries and (2) those who remained injury free. Results. Among 61 players, 37.7% (23/61) sustained soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries. After adjusting for covariates in a logistic regression model, presence of previous hip and low back injury (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.93, P = .046) and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores (aOR = 1.92, P = .022) were independently associated with musculoskeletal injures. Conclusion. Elite, adolescent male soccer players with a history of hip and back injury are at greater risk of sustaining a soccer-related musculoskeletal injury. In addition, our study indicated greater risk of sustaining a future soccer-related injury as FMS scores increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jennifer M Morse
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis R Borg
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Molina-Garcia P, Mora-Gonzalez J, Migueles JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Plaza-Florido A, Gil-Cosano JJ, Pelaez-Perez MA, Garcia-Delgado G, Vanrenterghem J, Ortega FB. Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2146-2155. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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103
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Moore E, Chalmers S, Milanese S, Fuller JT. Factors Influencing the Relationship Between the Functional Movement Screen and Injury Risk in Sporting Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1449-1463. [PMID: 31104227 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the association between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and sports injury risk have reported mixed results across a range of athlete populations. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to identify whether athlete age, sex, sport type, injury definition and mechanism contribute to the variable findings. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in October 2018 using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, EmBase and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they were peer reviewed and published in English language, included athletes from any competition level, performed the FMS at baseline to determine risk groups based on FMS composite score, asymmetry or pain, and prospectively observed injury incidence during training and competition. Study eligibility assessment and data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Random effects meta-analyses were used to determine odds ratio (OR), sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals. Sub-group analyses were based on athlete age, sex, sport type, injury definition, and injury mechanism. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included in the FMS composite score meta-analysis. There was a smaller effect for junior (OR = 1.03 [0.67-1.59]; p = 0.881) compared to senior athletes (OR = 1.80 [1.17-2.78]; p = 0.008) and for male (OR = 1.79 [1.08-2.96]; p = 0.024) compared to female (OR = 1.92 [0.43-8.56]; p = 0.392) athletes. FMS composite scores were most likely to be associated with increased injury risk in rugby (OR = 5.92 [1.67-20.92]; p = 0.006), and to a lesser extent American football (OR = 4.41 [0.94-20.61]; p = 0.059) and ice hockey (OR = 3.70 [0.89-15.42]; p = 0.072), compared to other sports. Specificity values were higher than sensitivity values for FMS composite score. Eleven studies were included in the FMS asymmetry meta-analysis with insufficient study numbers to generate sport type subgroups. There was a larger effect for senior (OR = 1.78 [1.16-2.73]; p = 0.008) compared to junior athletes (OR = 1.21 [0.75-1.96]; p = 0.432). Sensitivity values were higher than specificity values for FMS asymmetry. For all FMS outcomes, there were minimal differences across injury definitions and mechanisms. Only four studies provided information about FMS pain and injury risk. There was a smaller effect for senior athletes (OR = 1.28 [0.33-4.96]; p = 0.723) compared to junior athletes (OR = 1.71 [1.16-2.50]; p = 0.006). Specificity values were higher than sensitivity values for FMS pain. CONCLUSION Athlete age, sex and sport type explained some of the variable findings of FMS prospective injury-risk studies. FMS composite scores and asymmetry were more useful for estimating injury risk in senior compared to junior athletes. Effect sizes tended to be small except for FMS composite scores in rugby, ice hockey and American football athletes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION CRD42018092916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Moore
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Samuel Chalmers
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Milanese
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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104
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Comparison of Functional Movement Screen, Star Excursion Balance Test, and Physical Fitness in Junior Athletes with Different Sports Injury Risk. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8690540. [PMID: 32309441 PMCID: PMC7136771 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8690540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between functional movement screen (FMS), star excursion balance test (SEBT), agility T test, and vertical jump test scores and sports injury risk in junior athletes. We compared these assessments and the differences between groups with high and low risks of sports injury. Subjects and Methods. Eleven volleyball, 12 basketball, and 9 handball athletes were recruited. All participants followed the routine training in school sports teams. Weekly training schedules followed a similar pattern. The 32 junior athletes (age = 16.06 ± 0.21 years; height = 167.28 ± 6.32 cm; and body mass = 68.45 ± 9.67 kg) were assessed using the FMS, SEBT, agility T test, and vertical jump test in random order. The correlations of composite and individual item scores of these assessments were analyzed, and the differences between groups with high and low risks of sports injury were compared. Results All participants completed the study protocol. No significant differences were observed between FMS, SEBT, agility T test, and vertical jump test scores in groups with high and low risks of sports injuries. Fair and moderate-to-good correlations were observed for anterior reach maximum of SEBT and deep squat (r = 0.47, P = 0.02) as well as inline lunge (r = 0.53, P = 0.01) of FMS. The hurdle step of FMS also exhibited moderate-to-good (r = 0.52, P = 0.01) and fair (r = 0.42, P = 0.04) correlations with posterior medial and posterior lateral reach maximum of SEBT, respectively. A fair correlation was observed between posterior lateral reach maximum of SEBT and rotary stability of FMS (r = −0.23, P = 0.03). Fair and moderate-to-good correlations were identified for agility T test and maximum anterior reach in the SEBT (r = −0.42, P = 0.04) and trunk stability push-up in the FMS, respectively (r = −0.57 and P = 0.006). Conclusions Junior athletes with a high risk of sports injury did not exhibit differences in terms of FMS, SEBT, and physical fitness test scores. Deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, and rotary stability scores in the FMS were correlated with the item scores in the SEBT, which may be due to the use of similar movement patterns. Scores for anterior reach maximum in the SEBT and trunk stability push-up in the FMS were correlated with agility T test scores, suggesting a similar task requirement of trunk stability and dynamic weight shifting ability.
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105
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Movement Competency Training Delivery: At School or Online? A Pilot Study of High-School Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8040039. [PMID: 32224945 PMCID: PMC7240720 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement competency (MC) development of high-school athletes can prepare them for the requirements of physical preparation training and the demands of sport. The aim of this study was to explore the physical effects of and athlete compliance to coach-led versus self-directed training approaches in this population. Thirty-nine high-school athletes (19 male, 14.5 ± 0.3 years old; 20 female, 14.6 ± 0.3 years) were allocated into two groups for a physical preparation program to improve MC. Groups were prescribed either (i) one face-to-face and one online (F2F, n = 18), or (ii) two online (OL, n = 21) sessions per week for 16-weeks. Before and after the intervention, the Athlete Introductory Movement Screen (AIMS) was used to assess MC alongside common physical capacity measures (triple-hop, star-excursion balance, medicine ball throw, 40m sprint and countermovement jump). Dropout left 22 participants with pre-post physical scores. Compliance with online training was low and F2F session attendance moderate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess participant perceptions following the intervention. Assessing individual responses, the F2F group had a higher proportion of positive responders to AIMS scores, yet capacity measures were inconclusive across groups. Face-to-face coaching when acquiring MCs as part of physical preparation, may provide greater positive perceptions towards training compared to self-directed online prescriptions, and thereby greater compliance.
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106
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O'Connor S, McCaffrey N, Whyte EF, Moran KA. Can a Standardized Visual Assessment of Squatting Technique and Core Stability Predict Injury? J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:26-36. [PMID: 31490423 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
O'Connor, S, McCaffrey, N, Whyte, EF, and Moran, KA. Can a standardized visual assessment of squatting technique and core stability predict injury? J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 26-36, 2020-This study examined whether a standardized visual assessment of squatting technique and core stability can predict injury. Male adolescent and collegiate Gaelic players (n = 627) were assessed using the alternative core/trunk stability push-up test and a developed scoring system for the overhead squat and single-leg squat (SLS) that examined both overall impression and segmental criteria. A single summative score from the overall impression scores of all 3 tests was calculated. Sustained injuries were examined over a season. Results indicated that the single summative score did not predict those that sustained a lower-extremity injury, trunk injury, or whole-body injury, and receiver operating characteristic curves were also unable to generate an optimal cutoff point for prediction. When segmental criteria were included in multivariate analyses, the tests were able to predict whole-body injury (p < 0.0001) and lower-extremity injury (p < 0.0001). However, although specificity was high (80.6%, 76.5%), sensitivity of the models was low (40.2%, 44.2%). The most common score was "good" for the overhead squat (46.4%) and SLS (47.6%), and "good" and "excellent" for the alternative core stability push-up test (33.5%, 49.1%), with "poor" core stability increasing the odds of sustaining a lower-extremity injury (odds ratio = 1.52 [0.92-2.51]). The findings suggest that although segmental scoring could be incorporated by strength and conditioning coaches and clinicians, they should be used predominantly as a preliminary screening tool to highlight players requiring a more thorough assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán O'Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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107
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Teyhen DS, Shaffer SW, Goffar SL, Kiesel K, Butler RJ, Rhon DI, Plisky PJ. Identification of Risk Factors Prospectively Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in a Warrior Athlete Population. Sports Health 2020; 12:564-572. [PMID: 32134698 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120902991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are a primary source of disability. Understanding how risk factors predict injury is necessary to individualize and enhance injury reduction programs. HYPOTHESIS Because of the multifactorial nature of musculoskeletal injuries, multiple risk factors will provide a useful method of categorizing warrior athletes based on injury risk. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS Baseline data were collected on 922 US Army soldiers/warrior athletes (mean age, 24.7 ± 5.2 years; mean body mass index, 26.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) using surveys and physical measures. Injury occurrence and health care utilization were collected for 1 year. Variables were compared in healthy versus injured participants using independent t tests or chi-square analysis. Significantly different factors between each group were entered into a logistic regression equation. Receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy statistics were calculated for regression variables. RESULTS Of the 922 warrior athletes, 38.8% suffered a time-loss injury (TLI). Overall, 35 variables had a significant relationship with TLIs. The logistic regression equation, consisting of 11 variables of interest, was significant (adjusted R2 = 0.21; odds ratio, 5.7 [95% CI, 4.1-7.9]; relative risk, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.1-2.9]; area under the curve, 0.73). Individuals with 2 variables had a sensitivity of 0.89, those with 7 or more variables had a specificity of 0.94. CONCLUSION The sum of individual risk factors (prior injury, prior work restrictions, lower perceived recovery from injury, asymmetrical ankle dorsiflexion, decreased or asymmetrical performance on the Lower and Upper Quarter Y-Balance test, pain with movement, slower 2-mile run times, age, and sex) produced a highly sensitive and specific multivariate model for TLI in military servicemembers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A better understanding of characteristics associated with future injury risk can provide a foundation for prevention programs designed to reduce medical costs and time lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deydre S Teyhen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Scott W Shaffer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Texas State University, Round Rock, Texas
| | - Stephen L Goffar
- School of Physical Therapy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kyle Kiesel
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana
| | | | - Daniel I Rhon
- Doctoral Physical Therapy Programs (DPT and DSc), Baylor University, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Phillip J Plisky
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana
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108
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Fuller JT, Lynagh M, Tarca B, Zacharia A, Townsley A, Gleeson C, Milanese S, Chalmers S. Functional Movement Screen Pain Location and Impact on Scoring Have Limited Value for Injury Risk Estimation in Junior Australian Football Players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:75-82. [PMID: 31530068 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the location and severity of pain during Functional Movement Screen (FMS) testing in junior Australian football players and to investigate its effect on FMS composite score and injury risk. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Junior male Australian football players (n = 439) completed preseason FMS testing. Pain location and severity (on a 0-to-10 numeric pain-rating scale [NPRS]) were assessed for painful subtests. The FMS composite score was calculated using 3 scoring approaches: "traditional," a score of zero on painful subtests; "moderate," a score of zero on painful subtests if an NPRS pain severity was greater than 4; and "raw," did not adjust painful FMS subtest scores. Players were monitored throughout the competitive season and considered injured when 1 or more matches were missed due to injury. RESULTS One hundred seventy players reported pain during FMS testing. The pain-scoring approach affected mean composite score values (raw, 14.9; moderate, 14.5; traditional, 13.6; P<.001). Sixty-eight percent of pain was mildly severe (NPRS of 4 or less). Back pain (50%) was more common than upper-limb (24%) or lower-limb (26%) pain (P<.001). Upper-limb pain was associated with a small increase in injury risk (hazard ratio = 1.59, P = .023). No other FMS pain location influenced injury risk, nor did pain severity (P>.280). The FMS composite score was not associated with injury risk, regardless of pain-scoring approach (P≥.500). CONCLUSION Pain was common during FMS testing in junior Australian football players and had a notable effect on the FMS composite score, but minimal effect on subsequent injury risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(2):75-82. Epub 17 Sep 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9168.
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109
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Twelve-week sensorimotor training as a factor influencing movement patterns of canoe slalom athletes, assessed by the Functional Movement Screen. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether our own twelve-week Sensorimotor Exercise Programme (SEP) affected FMS results in canoe slalom athletes. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool for detecting asymmetries and movement range limitations in order to prevent sport injuries. The screen evaluates mobility and stability in seven fundamental movement patterns.
Material and methods: The study population consisted of 16 athletes from the Canoe Slalom National Team of Poland who competed in three sports categories: kayak single, canoe single, canoe double. The athletes, 13 men and 3 women, undertook the FMS screen twice before the starting season. Between the first and the second screen the athletes undertook a twelve-week long sensorimotor training programme.
Results: The result analysis showed a statistically significant difference in FMS results. The mean FMS screen result after twelve weeks of training increased from 16.6 points to 19.6 points.
Conclusions: An adequately designed SEP can lead to an improvement in athlete movement patterns. The FMS screen allows for assessment of changes in athlete movement patterns after twelve weeks of SEP training.
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110
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Clouthier AL, Ross GB, Graham RB. Sensor Data Required for Automatic Recognition of Athletic Tasks Using Deep Neural Networks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:473. [PMID: 32039178 PMCID: PMC6985033 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement screens are used to assess the overall movement quality of an athlete. However, these rely on visual observation of a series of movements and subjective scoring. Data-driven methods to provide objective scoring of these movements are being developed. These currently use optical motion capture and require manual pre-processing of data to identify the start and end points of each movement. Therefore, we aimed to use deep learning techniques to automatically identify movements typically found in movement screens and assess the feasibility of performing the classification based on wearable sensor data. Optical motion capture data were collected on 417 athletes performing 13 athletic movements. We trained an existing deep neural network architecture that combines convolutional and recurrent layers on a subset of 278 athletes. A validation subset of 69 athletes was used to tune the hyperparameters and the final network was tested on the remaining 70 athletes. Simulated inertial measurement data were generated based on the optical motion capture data and the network was trained on this data for different combinations of body segments. Classification accuracy was similar for networks trained using the optical and full-body simulated inertial measurement unit data at 90.1 and 90.2%, respectively. A good classification accuracy of 85.9% was obtained using as few as three simulated sensors placed on the torso and shanks. However, using three simulated sensors on the torso and upper arms or fewer than three sensors resulted in poor accuracy. These results for simulated sensor data indicate the feasibility of classifying athletic movements using a small number of wearable sensors. This could facilitate objective data-driven methods that automatically score overall movement quality using wearable sensors to be easily implemented in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Clouthier
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gwyneth B Ross
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan B Graham
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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111
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Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training on functional movements. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 70:102568. [PMID: 31950895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional movements (FMs) dysfunction is a potential risk factor of injuries. A variety of training strategies is proposed to improve the performance of FMs. We investigated if a system of fundamental movement exercises called Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) could improve FMs. Thirty-four female students were randomly assigned into two matched groups to receive DNS (the study protocol) versus physical fitness (PF) training. The groups practiced for six-weeks (three sessions of 50 min weekly). We used five FMs tests as pre and post measures of exercise effectiveness. Repeated Measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction in all five FMs tests in favour of DNS group (F(1,32) ≥ 4.13, P ≤ .001 and ƞ2 ≥ 0.29), meaning that DNS group had a higher progress rate compared to that of PF group. Based on Eta-square coefficients, the highest and lowest differences in the progression rate were observed in Y-Balance and Functional Movement Screening Tests, respectively. Our findings supported the hypothesis that fundamental movements of DNS could be used to improve FMs. However, the progression coefficient declined as FMs became more specific. Lower progression of "specific FMs" suggests that it might prove more effective to add "specific training" to "fundamental training" for them.
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112
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Davis JD, Orr R, Knapik JJ, Harris D. Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) Scores and Demographics of US Army Pre-Ranger Candidates. Mil Med 2019; 185:e788-e794. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The United States Army Rangers are a unique population whose training requirements are intensive, and physically and mentally demanding. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a movement screening tool designed to assess movement quality and asymmetries in movement with the potential to identify injury risk. This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation examining associations between FMS scores and the various measures of health and performance of active duty soldiers in light infantry units who were involved in the U.S. Army Pre-Ranger Course (PRC).
Materials and Methods
Before the PRC, 491 male soldiers (mean age = 24.0 ± 3.8 years; mean height = 176.6 ± 7.2 cm; mean body mass = 80.2 ± 9.8 kg) completed a questionnaire which included items on self-assessed physical fitness, last Army physical fitness test (APFT) score, tobacco use, and injury history. The soldiers then completed the FMS, which consisted of seven movements and three clearing tests. From the FMS results, a determination of asymmetries (i.e., differences in FMS scores between the right and left side of the body) was made. Differences between groups were analyzed via an independent sample t-test, a one-way analysis of variance, or a chi-square as appropriate. Significance was set at 0.05 a priori.
Results
The average composite FMS score was 16.4 (±1.9) points. Soldiers reporting ≥290 APFT points achieved a higher FMS score than those reporting lower APFT scores (16.5 ± 2.0 vs 16.1 ± 2.0 points, P = 0.03). Soldiers reporting either tobacco use or a previous musculoskeletal injury had lower FMS scores than those not reporting these (tobacco: 16.1 ± 2.1 vs 16.5 ± 1.8 points, P = 0.02; injury: 16.0 ± 2.2 vs 16.6 ± 1.8 points, P < 0.01). FMS asymmetries were not related to APFT scores, tobacco use, or self-rated fitness. As self-rated fitness increased so did APFT scores.
Conclusions
Active duty soldiers of a light infantry division achieved FMS scores similar to other military populations tested, and the composite FMS score was related to higher APFT scores, absence of tobacco use, and absence of previous musculoskeletal injuries. Improving PRC candidate healthy habits through highlighting the negative associations between poorer fitness, cigarette tobacco use and movement quality, may reduce injury risk and increase PRC completion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Davis
- Guthrie Ambulatory Health Clinic; Musculoskeletal/Physical Therapy Department; 11050 Mount; Belvedere Blvd.; Fort Drum, NY 13602
| | - Robin Orr
- Tactical Research Unit; Bond University; 2 Promethean Way; Robina, Gold Coast; Australia
| | - Joseph J Knapik
- Tactical Research Unit; Bond University; 2 Promethean Way; Robina, Gold Coast; Australia
| | - Danny Harris
- Guthrie Ambulatory Health Clinic; Musculoskeletal/Physical Therapy Department; 11050 Mount; Belvedere Blvd.; Fort Drum, NY 13602
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113
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FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN™ in YOUTH SPORT PARTICIPANTS: EVALUATING the PROFICIENCY BARRIER for INJURY. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2019; 14:436-444. [PMID: 31681502 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20190436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Purpose The number of youth participating in sport increases yearly; however, the evaluation of youths' movement ability and preparedness for sport remains inadequate or neglected. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is an assessment of an individual's movement quality that has been utilized to evaluate risk of injury in collegiate and professional sport; however, there is minimal support regarding the predictive value of the screen in youth sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean and distribution of FMS™ performance in sport participants age 11-18, and to evaluate the existence of a composite FMS™ score proficiency barrier to predict injury risk. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods One hundred, thirty-six participants (63 male, 73 female) age 11 to 18 years (16.01 + 1.35) were recruited from local schools and sport organizations. The FMS™ was administered prior to each participant's competitive season and scored by researchers who demonstrated reliability in assessments derived from the screen (κw = 0.70 to 1). Injury data were collected by the participants' Athletic Trainer over one season. An injury was defined as any physical insult or harm resulting from sports participation that required an evaluation from a health professional with time modified or time lost from sport participation. Results Females scored significantly higher than males for mean FMS™ composite score (t = 14.40; m = 12.62; p < 0.001), and on individual measures including: the hurdle step (t = 1.91; m = 1.65; p < 0.001), shoulder mobility (t = 2.68; m = 2.02; p < 0.001), active straight leg raise (t = 2.32; m = 1.87; p < 0.001), and the rotary stability components (t = 1.91; m = 1.65; p < 0.05). Two FMS™ composite scores (score < 14 and <15) significantly increased the odds of injury (OR = 2.955). When adjusting for sport, there was no score relating to increased odds of injury. Conclusion Dysfunctional movement as identified by the FMS™ may be related to increased odds of injury during the competitive season in youth athletes. Consideration of an individual's movement within the context of their sport is necessary, as each sport and individual have unique characteristics. Addressing movement dysfunction may aid in injury reduction and potentially improve sport performance. Level of Evidence 1b.
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114
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Kullman EL, Saylor SM, Little KD. Efficacy of whole-body suspension training on enhancing functional movement abilities following a supervised or home-based training program. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:244-250. [PMID: 31665874 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.10066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of suspension training on functional movement and body composition, and to compare the effectiveness of home-based training to supervised training. METHODS Seventeen healthy subjects (8 males, 9 females, age=21.8±3.4 y) with no recent history of resistance training were randomly assigned to a home-based or supervised training group. Subjects performed an 8-week suspension training program consisting of 10 exercises targeting major muscle groups, twice per week for the duration of the study. Pre- and post-intervention testing included body composition using air displacement plethysmography, and a functional movement screen (FMS) to measure functional movement abilities. RESULTS The 8-week training program significantly improved total FMS scores across the whole sample of subjects (Pre=16.4; Post=17.5; P=0.004), with no differences in improvements between groups. When compared separately, only the supervised group significantly improved FMS scores. There was also a significant increase in lean mass across the total sample of subjects (Pre=52.4 kg; Post=53.3 kg; P=0.03) with no differences between groups. But when compared independently, neither group exhibited a significant increase in lean mass. CONCLUSIONS When completed as a whole-body exercise program over an 8-week period, suspension training can improve functional ability and increase lean mass in both a supervised and a home-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Kullman
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA -
| | - Shelby M Saylor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen D Little
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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115
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Karlsson J, Heijne A, von Rosen P. Handball and movement screening - can non-contact injuries be predicted in adolescent elite handball players? A 1-year prospective cohort study. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:1132-1138. [PMID: 31663797 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1685034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The nine-test screening battery (9SB) consists of 11 tests used to assess injury risk in sports populations.Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of the composite score and underlying factors of the 9SB for sustaining non-contact injury in adolescent elite handball players.Methods: Forty-five (23 females) adolescent elite handball players, median age 17 (range 16-18), pre-seasonally performed the 9SB, followed by weekly recordings of injuries for 52 weeks using a web-based questionnaire.Results: The median value for seasonal substantial injury prevalence was 22% (25-75th percentiles 6-41). An exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors, complex movements, mobility, and lower extremity control, that explained a cumulative variance of 56%, where each factor contributed with 13-26% of the total variance. Based on the identified cutoff values, none of the factors or the complete 9SB could predict the risk of a non-contact new injury as well as the risk of reporting a substantial injury. Area under the curve values were ranged 0.50 to 0.59, with the corresponding 95% CI including 0.50 for all factors.Conclusion: Based on the limited predictive ability of the 9SB, it is not recommended that clinicians use the 9SB to predict injury in adolescent elite handball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Karlsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS) Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Annette Heijne
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS) Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Philip von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS) Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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116
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Lee S, Kim H, Kim J. The Functional Movement Screen total score and physical performance in elite male collegiate soccer players. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:657-662. [PMID: 31723553 PMCID: PMC6834696 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938422.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the differences in physical performance of elite male collegiate soccer players according to the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) total scores and to investigate the association between the FMS total score and physical performance. A total of 20 elite male collegiate soccer players (mean age, 19.6±0.7 years; height, 173.4±4.4 cm; body weight, 66.9±7.3 kg; and body mass index, 22.0±2.0 kg/m2) participated in the present study. The subjects were divided into two groups: the high FMS (FMS total score ≥14 points, n=10) and low FMS (FMS total score <14 points, n=10). All participants completed 10-m and 30-m sprint tests, the arrowhead agility test (right and left), and a coordination test. The statistical methods used to verify the study results were the independent sample t-test and Kendall’s Tau b correlation test. There were significant differences between the high and low FMS groups in the 10-m (P=0.014) and 30-m sprint (P=0.002) and arrowhead agility tests (right, P=0.039). Conversely, there were no significant differences in the arrowhead agility (left) and coordination tests between the two groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the FMS total score was found to have significant negative correlations with the 10-m sprint (r=−0.444, P=0.017), 30-m sprint (r=−0.425, P=0.016), and arrowhead agility tests (right, r=−0.389, P=0.023). These results suggest that higher FMS total scores could have a positive effect on the physical performance of the players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungcheol Lee
- Department of Sports Leader, College of Sports Science, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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117
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Monaco JT, Schoenfeld BJ. A Review of the Current Literature on the Utility of the Functional Movement Screen as a Screening Tool to Identify Athletes' Risk for Injury. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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118
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Trinidad-Fernandez M, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Is a low Functional Movement Screen score (≤14/21) associated with injuries in sport? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000501. [PMID: 31673399 PMCID: PMC6797344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score is associated with subsequent injuries in healthy sportspeople. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources The following electronic databases were searched to December 2017: Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Eligibility criteria included (1) prospective cohort studies that examined the association between FMS score (≤14/21) and subsequent injuries, (2) a sample of healthy and active participants without restrictions in gender or age, and (3) the OR was the effect size and the main outcome. Results Thirteen studies met the criteria for the systematic review and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. In 5 of the 12 studies, and among female athletes in 1 study, FMS score ≤14 out of 21 points was associated with subsequent injuries. The overall OR of the selected studies in the meta-analysis was 1.86 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.61) and showed substantial heterogeneity (I2=70%). Summary/Conclusion Whether or not a low FMS score ≤14 out of 21 points is associated with increased risk of injury is unclear. The heterogeneity of the study populations (type of athletes, age and sport exposure) and the definition of injury used in the studies make it difficult to synthesise the evidence and draw definitive conclusions. Trial registration number CRD42015015579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Trinidad-Fernandez
- Physiotherapy, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas
- Physiotherapy, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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119
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Ling D, Sleeper M, Casey E. Identification of Risk Factors for Injury in Women's Collegiate Gymnastics With the Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool. PM R 2019; 12:43-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Ling
- Sports Medicine EpidemiologistHospital for Special Surgery New York NY
| | - Mark Sleeper
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of Buffalo Buffalo NY
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120
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Linek P, Booysen N, Sikora D, Stokes M. Functional movement screen and Y balance tests in adolescent footballers with hip/groin symptoms. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 39:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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121
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Functional movement analysis in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a reliability and validity study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:395. [PMID: 31472693 PMCID: PMC6717644 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals afflicted with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit altered fundamental movement patterns. However, there is a lack of validated analysis tools. The present study aimed to elucidate the measurement properties of a functional movement analysis (FMA) in patients with CLBP. Methods In this validation (cross-sectional) study, patients with CLPB completed the FMA. The FMA consists of 11 standardised motor tasks mimicking activities of daily living. Four investigators (two experts and two novices) evaluated each item using an ordinal scale (0–5 points, one live and three video ratings). Interrater reliability was computed for the total score (maximum 55 points) using intra class correlation and for the individual items using Cohen’s weighted Kappa and free-marginal Kappa. Validity was estimated by calculating Spearman’s Rho correlations to compare the results of the movement analysis and the participants’ self-reported disability, and fear of movement. Results Twenty-one participants (12 females, 9 males; 42.7 ± 14.3 years) were included. The reliability analysis for the sum score yielded ICC values between .92 and.94 (p < .05). The classification of individual scores are categorised ‘slight’ to ‘almost perfect’ agreement (.10–.91). No significant associations between disability or fear of movement with the overall score were found (p > .05). The study population showed comparably low pain levels, low scores of kinesiophobia and disability. Conclusion The functional movement analysis displays excellent reliability for both, live and video rating. Due to the low levels of disability and pain in the present sample, further research is necessary to conclusively judge validity.
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Kollock RO, Lyons M, Sanders G, Hale D. The effectiveness of the functional movement screen in determining injury risk in tactical occupations. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:406-418. [PMID: 30393251 PMCID: PMC6685800 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Injures are common in workers engaged in tactical occupations. Research suggests that the functional movement screen (FMS) may provide practitioners the ability to identify tactical athletes most at risk for injury. However, there exists controversy as to the effectiveness of the FMS as a tool for classifying injury risk. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to determine the predictive value of the FMS in determining injury risk in workers engaged in tactical occupations. We searched MEDLINE, Military and Government Collection (EBSCO), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center and PubMed databases for articles published between January 2000 and October 2017 [corrected]. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Multiple random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted, with an odds ratio as the effects metric. FMS cut-off score, occupation, injury type and sex were used as moderators for the analyses. The odds of injury were greatest for tactical athletes with FMS scores ≤14. Personnel scoring ≤14 had almost 2 times the odds of injury as compared to those scoring >14. However, the magnitude of the effects were small; thus the relationship between FMS cut scores and injury prediction does not support its use as a sole predictor of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger O Kollock
- Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitative Sciences, The University of Tulsa, USA
| | - Madeline Lyons
- Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitative Sciences, The University of Tulsa, USA
| | - Gabe Sanders
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Davis Hale
- Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitative Sciences, The University of Tulsa, USA
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123
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Effects of Core Strength Training Using Stable and Unstable Surfaces on Physical Fitness and Functional Performance in Professional Female Futsal Players. J Hum Kinet 2019; 65:213-224. [PMID: 30687433 PMCID: PMC6341965 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of core strength training performed on a stable surface (CTS) compared with core strength training performed on an unstable surface (CTU) on physical fitness (jump performance, sprint, and repeated sprint ability (RSA)) and quality of movement (Fundamental Movement Screen) in professional female futsal players. Fourteen professional female futsal players (mean age: 23.7 ± 5.1 years, age range: 18-28 years) were randomly assigned to a CTS (n = 7) or a CTU (n = 7) group. The intervention program was carried out 3 times a week over 6 weeks. Players of both groups performed the same four core-strengthening exercises. The only difference between the two interventions was that the CTU group performed all exercises (i.e., shoulder bridge, side bridge, prone plank, and crunch) on an unstable surface (Togu® Dyn-Air). Within-group analysis showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in 10 m sprint performance from the pre- to post-test in the CTS (+4.37%) and CTU (+5.00%) groups. Players in both the CTS (+10.39%) and CTU (+11.10%) group also showed significant enhancement in the Functional Movement Screen total score, from the pre-test to post-test. In addition, a significant time effect was also observed for the CTU group in the relative score of the RSA test decreasing from the pre- to post-test (-30.85%). In the between-groups analysis, there were no significant differences between the core strength training groups (CTS vs CTU) in any variable. To conclude, sprint and Functional Movement Screen performance improved following CTS and CTU when conducted in combination with regular futsal training. In addition, CTU had limited benefit in RSA compared to CTS.
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124
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Attwood MJ, Roberts SP, Trewartha G, England M, Stokes KA. Association of the Functional Movement Screen™ with match-injury burden in men's community rugby union. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1365-1374. [PMID: 30583702 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1559525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting use of the Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) to identify athletes' risk of injury is equivocal. Furthermore, few studies account for exposure to risk during analysis. This study investigated the association of FMSTM performance with incidence and burden of match-injuries in adult community rugby players. 277 players performed the FMSTM during pre-season and in-season time-loss injuries and match exposure were recorded. The associations between FMSTM score, pain, and movement-pattern asymmetries with match-injury incidence (≥8-days time-loss/1000hours), severe match-injury incidence (>28-days time-loss/1000hours), and match-injury burden (total time-loss days/1000hours for ≥8-days match-injuries) were analysed using Poisson regression. Multivariate analysis indicated players with pain and movement-pattern asymmetry during pre-season had 2.9 times higher severe match-injury incidence (RR, 90%CI = 2.9, 0.9-9.7) and match-injury burden (RR, 90%CI = 2.9, 1.3-6.6). Players with a typically low FMSTM score (mean - 1SD threshold) were estimated to have a 50% greater match-injury burden compared to players with a typically high FMSTM score (mean + 1SD threshold) as match-injury burden was 10% lower per 1-unit increase in FMSTM score. As the strongest association with injury outcome was found for players with pain and asymmetry, when implementing the FMSTM it is advisable to prioritise these players for further assessment and subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Attwood
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK.,b Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , UK
| | - S P Roberts
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - G Trewartha
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - M England
- c Fit For Work , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - K A Stokes
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
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125
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Wright MD, Chesterton P. Functional Movement Screen TM total score does not present a gestalt measure of movement quality in youth athletes. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1393-1402. [PMID: 30582720 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1559980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the internal consistency and factor structure of the Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) in youth athletes and quantify differences between individual task score at different stages of maturation. FMSTM and anthropometric variables were measured in 144 youth athletes (96 female, 48 male). Biological maturation was categorised as before- (<-0.5 years), at- (-0.49-0.50 years) and after- peak height velocity [PHV] (>0.51 years). Internal consistency was poor (Cronbach's alpha; 0.53, ±90% confidence limit 0.10; ordinal alpha 0.6, ±0.09). Principle component analysis extracted two components, representing 47% of the total variance. Tasks loading highest on component 1 required stability, while those loading highest on component 2 favoured mobility. "Likely" decrements in component 1 tasks were observed before-PHV. In-line lunge (effect size ±90% confidence limit; -0.47, ±0.49), hurdle step (-0.38, ±0.49), and trunk stability push-up (-0.51, ±0.45), were lower compared with athletes at-PHV and rotatory stability (-0.44, ±0.37) was lower than those after-PHV. Boys' scored "most likely", higher (0.73, ±0.28) in trunk stability push-up, and girls "likely" higher in shoulder mobility (0.46, ±0.29). In our population, the FMSTM is not uni-dimensional, thus total score should be avoided. Clear maturation affects were observed in stability tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew David Wright
- a Sport and Wellbeing, Department of Student and Library Services , Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - Paul Chesterton
- b Department of Sport, Exercise and Psychology , School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK
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126
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Flanagan SD, Krajewski KT, Sinnott AM, Johnson CD, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Beckner ME, Beethe AZ, Turner R, Lovalekar MT, Dunn-Lewis C, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. Prediction of exertional lower extremity musculoskeletal injury in tactical populations: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis of prospective studies from 1955 to 2018. Syst Rev 2018; 7:244. [PMID: 30580762 PMCID: PMC6304230 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) represent more than half of all injuries in tactical populations (i.e., military service and public safety workers including police, firefighters, emergency medical services (EMS)). Most lower extremity MSIs result from physical exertion during training, occupational tasks, and recreation. Such exertional lower extremity injuries (ELEI) produce a significant human and financial cost. Accordingly, significant efforts have been made to identify sensitive, specific, and reliable predictors of ELEI. There is a need to synthesize and evaluate the predictive value of risk factors for ELEI while addressing the influence of occupation, sex, exposure, injury characteristics, and study quality. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and planned meta-analysis is to evaluate risk factors for ELEI in tactical populations. METHODS After the development of a search strategy, comprehensive searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Articles will be screened with a multi-user process and delimited to prospective comparative cohort studies that directly measure injury occurrence in the target population(s). Extracted data will be synthesized and assessed for reporting bias, meta-bias, and overall quality, with subgroup analyses to determine the influence of participant, injury, and exposure characteristics in addition to study quality. DISCUSSION This systematic review and planned meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate ELEI risk factors. Information gained will inform injury prevention protocols, facilitate the use of improved measurements, and identify requirements for future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION The systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 3 Jan 2018 (registration number CRD42018056977 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D. Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kellen T. Krajewski
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Aaron M. Sinnott
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Caleb D. Johnson
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Shawn R. Eagle
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Alice D. LaGoy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meaghan E. Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Anne Z. Beethe
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Rose Turner
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mita T. Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Courtenay Dunn-Lewis
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chris Connaboy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Bradley C. Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Molina-Garcia P, H Migueles J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Mora-Gonzalez J, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Plaza-Florido A, Molina-Molina A, Garcia-Delgado G, D’Hondt E, Vanrenterghem J, Ortega FB. Fatness and fitness in relation to functional movement quality in overweight and obese children. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:878-885. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1532152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Molina
- Research group CTS-545 ERGOLAB “Sport Physical Activity and Ergonomy to Life Quality”, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriel Garcia-Delgado
- Research group CTS-545 ERGOLAB “Sport Physical Activity and Ergonomy to Life Quality”, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva D’Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Granada, Sweden
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128
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Warren M, Lininger MR, Chimera NJ, Smith CA. Utility of FMS to understand injury incidence in sports: current perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med 2018; 9:171-182. [PMID: 30233259 PMCID: PMC6135213 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s149139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a popular movement screen used by rehabilitation, as well as strength and conditioning, professionals. The FMS, like other movement screens, identifies movement dysfunction in those at risk of, but not currently experiencing, signs or symptoms of a musculoskeletal injury. Seven movement patterns comprise the FMS, which was designed to screen fundamental movement requiring a balance between stability and mobility. The 7 movement patterns are summed to a composite FMS score. For an instrument to have wide applicability and acceptability, there must be high levels of reliability, validity, and accuracy. The FMS is certainly a reliable tool, and can be consistently scored within and between raters. Although the FMS has high face and content validity, the criterion validity (discriminant and convergent) is low. Additionally, the FMS does not appear to be studying a single construct, challenging the use of the summed composite FMS score. The accuracy of the FMS in screening for injury is also suspect, with low sensitivity in almost all studies, although specificity is higher. Finally, within the FMS literature, the concepts of prediction and association are conflated, combined with flawed cohort studies, leading to questions about the efficacy of the FMS to screen for injury. Future research on the use of the FMS, either the composite score or the individual movement patterns, to screen for injury or injury risk in adequately powered, well-designed studies are required to determine if the FMS is appropriate for use as a movement screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,
| | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,
| | - Nicole J Chimera
- Department of Athletic Training, Daemen College, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, .,Smith Performance Center, Tuscon, AZ, USA
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129
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Liang YP, Kuo YL, Hsu HC, Hsia YY, Hsu YW, Tsai YJ. Collegiate baseball players with more optimal functional movement patterns demonstrate better athletic performance in speed and agility. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:544-552. [PMID: 30188249 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1514711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sports injuries are common among baseball players and may result in abnormal movement patterns, increased risks of future injury, and unsatisfactory performance. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) has been developed to detect abnormal functional movement patterns and can be used for predicting risks of sports injury. However, whether FMS™ scores are associated with athletic performance remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the association between functional movements and athletic performance in elite baseball players. Core stability, muscular strength and flexibility of the lower extremities, and FMS™, as well as athletic performance in sprinting, agility, and balance tests were assessed in 52 male collegiate Division I baseball players placed into two groups based on FMS™ scores. The high-scoring group demonstrated better athletic performance than the low-scoring group, with a shorter duration of the agility test. No group differences were found in core stability, muscular strength, or muscle flexibility, except for rectus femoris flexibility. Thus, the FMS™ score is associated with sprinting and agility performance in elite baseball players. These findings indicate that the FMS™ may have a role in predicting athletic performance and thereby help determine the goals of training regimens or return-to-play strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pin Liang
- a Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Kuo
- a Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chin Hsu
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ysung Hsia
- c Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration , Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- c Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration , Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- a Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
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130
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Gabel CP, Mokhtarinia HR, Hoffman J, Osborne J, Laakso EL, Melloh M. Does the performance of five back-associated exercises relate to the presence of low back pain? A cross-sectional observational investigation in regional Australian council workers. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020946. [PMID: 30093512 PMCID: PMC6089271 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate the relationships between the ability/inability to perform five physical test exercises and the presence or absence of low back pain (LBP). SETTING Regional Australian council training facility. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive participants recruited during 39 back education classes (8-26 participants per class) for workers in general office/administration, parks/gardens maintenance, roads maintenance, library, child care and management. Total sample (n=539) was reduced through non-consent and insufficient demographic data to n=422. Age 38.6±15.3 years, range 18-64 years, 67.1% male. METHODS Cross-sectional, exploratory, observational investigation. LBP presence was ascertained from a three-response option questionnaire: 0=none/rarely (no) 1=sometimes (some), 2=mostly/always (most). Statistical correlation was performed with the number of the five test exercises the individual successfully performed: (1) extension in lying: 3 s; (2) 'toilet squat'; feet flat, feet touched: 3 s; (3) full squat then stand up: 5 times; (4) supine sit-up, knees flexed: 10 times; and (5) leg extension, supine bilateral: 10 times. INTERVENTIONS Nil. RESULTS For the group 'no-some', 94.3% completed 4-5 test exercises, while for group 'With', 95.7% completed 0-1 test exercises. The relationship between LBP presence and number of exercises performed was highly significant (χ2(10)=300.61, p<0.001). Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression predicting LBP (0=no, 1=some, 2=most) from the number of exercises completed, substantially improved the model fit (initial-2LL=348.246, final-2LL=73.620, χ2(2)=274.626, p<0.001). As the number of exercises performed increased, the odds of reporting 'some LBP' or 'most LBP' dropped substantially (ORs of 0.34 and 0.17, respectively). CONCLUSION The ability to complete/not complete five test exercises correlated statistically and significantly with a higher LBP absence/presence in a general working population. Training individuals to complete such exercises could facilitate reductions in LBP incidence; however, causality cannot be inferred. Randomised trials are recommended to establish the potential efficacy of exercise-based approaches, considering these five selected exercises, for predicting and managing LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
- Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jonathan Hoffman
- Human Movement, Independent Private Researcher, Placencia Village, Belize
| | - Jason Osborne
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - E-Liisa Laakso
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Markus Melloh
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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131
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Lee CL, Hsu MC, Chang WD, Wang SC, Chen CY, Chou PH, Chang NJ. Functional movement screen comparison between the preparative period and competitive period in high school baseball players. J Exerc Sci Fit 2018; 16:68-72. [PMID: 30662496 PMCID: PMC6323160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Although the functional movement screen (FMS) has been widely applied for screening athletes, no previous study has used FMS scores to examine the association between distinct training seasons in high school baseball players. The aims of this study were to ascertain the functional movement screen (FMS) scores differences between the preparative period (PPP) and the competitive period (CPP) among high school baseball players and further determine whether FMS can be used as a tool to predict injuries during two major periods. METHODS Fifty-five male high school baseball players (age 15.3 ± 1.7 years; height 1.7 ± 0.8 m; weight 64.6 ± 11.5 kg) volunteered. Athletic injuries were reported through a self-report questionnaire. Players performed the FMS during the PPP and the CPP. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to calculate a cutoff total composite score ≤ 14 for the relationship between the FMS score and injury. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and an area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS FMS individual task score and total composite score were significantly lower in the CPP than in the PPP. However, a cutoff total composite score ≤14 for risk of injury, determined through a ROC curve, represented a low sensitivity of 58%, NPV of 66%, an AUC of 69%, specificity of 79%, and PPV of 71%. CONCLUSION Although the low sensitivity and NPV and AUC scores indicated that the FMS does not accurately predict the risk of injury, the FMS individual task and total composite scores differed significantly between the PPP and CPP. Therefore, FMS could be used as a tool to identify physical deficiencies between distinct training seasons; however, utilizing the FMS as a screening tool for injury prediction in particular during the CPP in this population would not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Lee
- Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chich Hsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dien Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichun 404, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chieh Wang
- National Taitung University, Affiliated Physical Education Senior High School, Taitung 950, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yen Chen
- Physical Education Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsi Chou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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132
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Philp F, Blana D, Chadwick EK, Stewart C, Stapleton C, Major K, Pandyan AD. Study of the measurement and predictive validity of the Functional Movement Screen. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000357. [PMID: 29765700 PMCID: PMC5950633 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the reported measurement capabilities and predictive validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) for injury. Methods This was a prospective observational longitudinal study of 24 male footballers from a single team in England, alongside analysis of an existing database over one season (September 2015–May 2016). A preseason FMS was carried out with scores recorded by an experienced assessor and derived, retrospectively, from the three-dimensional movement data that were simultaneously captured. The assessor scores were compared with the photogrammetric system to determine measurement validity, and predictive validity was quantified by assessing sensitivity and specificity (cut-off score of 14). Results The real-time assessor score matched the photogrammetric score awarded for one of the participants, was higher than the photogrammetric system for 22 participants and was lower than the photogrammetric system in 1 participant. There was no discernible relationship between FMS scores and the competencies required to be met as per the rules articulated for the allocation of a score. A higher number of total injuries were associated with higher FMS scores, whether determined through real-time assessment or codification of kinematic variables. Additionally, neither method of score determination was able to prospectively identify players at risk of serious injury. Conclusion The FMS does not demonstrate the properties essential to be considered as a measurement scale and has neither measurement nor predictive validity. A possible reason for these observations could be the complexity in the instructions associated with the scale. Further work on eliminating redundancies and improving the measurement properties is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Philp
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
| | - Dimitra Blana
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
| | - Edward K Chadwick
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
| | - Caroline Stewart
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK.,ORLAU, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Claire Stapleton
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
| | - Kim Major
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
| | - Anand D Pandyan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
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133
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Dewitz H, Yildirim B, Klein P. [Biomechanical screening for injury prevention : The importance of 3D-motion analysis in high performance sports]. Unfallchirurg 2018; 121:455-462. [PMID: 29671010 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-018-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Standardized clinical diagnostic procedures cannot assess the functionality of the anatomical structures in sport-specific movement. Biomechanical screening is able to detect deficits but is not sufficiently and objectively precise with the current clinical examination tools including conventional imaging techniques. The fields of use of functional testing methods are versatile and range from injury prevention analysis, screening during rehabilitation phases up to the return-to-play decision. Using simple musculoskeletal function analysis it is difficult to assess the risk of injuries. The main advantage of instrumented 3D-motion analysis is its potential to generate objective, reliable and reproducible data with exact joint angles, muscle activity, as well as loading inside the joints during movement. These marker-based motion analysis procedures are more time-consuming and more cost intensive and necessitate in particular biomechanical and medical knowledge to assess the analytical data in terms of clinical relevance. In the absence of scientific studies on biomechanical analyses in professional sports, this study shows preliminary approaches to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dewitz
- Institut für Funktionelle Diagnostik (IFD Cologne), Im MediaPark 2, 50670, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - B Yildirim
- Institut für Funktionelle Diagnostik (IFD Cologne), Im MediaPark 2, 50670, Köln, Deutschland
| | - P Klein
- Institut für Funktionelle Diagnostik (IFD Cologne), Im MediaPark 2, 50670, Köln, Deutschland
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134
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Head coaches' attitudes towards injury prevention and use of related methods in professional basketball: A survey. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 32:133-139. [PMID: 29793121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the practices and attitudes of professional basketball head coaches towards injury prevention. DESIGN Survey. SETTING Elite-level basketball. PARTICIPANTS Head coaches of all 366 German professional teams. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of injury risk screening methods, rated importance of different musculoskeletal injuries and rated effectiveness of preventive interventions. RESULTS Eighty-three of 366 invited coaches (23%) responded to the survey. No non-response bias was detected. Only one of three teams conducts systematic injury screenings. The most commonly used test was the functional movement screen (73.1% of users), while balance and strength testing (both 38.5%) were least prevalent. Top-rated preventive interventions included balance and strength training, training of functional movement patterns, and stretching. In contrast, passive interventions, e.g. the use of orthoses, were not considered effective. The involvement of a health professional (e.g. physiotherapist) was associated with the performance of injury screening, but not with the choice of specific tests or preventive strategies. CONCLUSIONS The methods applied to conduct injury screening and prevent musculoskeletal disorders in German professional basketball teams seem only partially backed by scientific evidence. Although not correlated with the tests and interventions used, the involvement of health-related stakeholders might help to identify players at increased injury risk.
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135
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Effect of the 11+ injury prevention programme on fundamental movement patterns in soccer players. Biol Sport 2018; 35:229-236. [PMID: 30449940 PMCID: PMC6224851 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.74636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have assessed whether changes in an individual’s fundamental movement patterns can be achieved with the 11+ prevention programme in soccer players. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the 11+ compared with a standard warm-up on fundamental movement patterns using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in amateur male soccer players. Twenty-three male soccer players (age: 24.7±.3.8 years; height: 1.77±0.58 m; body mass: 73.9±6.2 kg) were randomly assigned to the 11+ (n= 12) or control (n= 11) group. The intervention programme had to be carried out 3 times a week over 6 weeks. The 11+ warm-up lasted ~25 minutes and was conducted before starting regular practice, replacing the team’s standard warm-up. The control group warmed up with standard jogging, ball exercises, and active stretching to match the duration of the 11+. Within-group analysis revealed significant improvements in the FMS total score in the 11+ (+10.51%; d= 0.83) and control group (+7.99%; d= 0.68) from pre-test to post-test. In the between-group analysis, there were no significant differences between groups. At the post-test a significantly greater number of players in the 11+ group exhibited a score that improved to above the injury threshold (≤14) (p= 0.046). This study suggests that regular implementation of the 11+ injury prevention programme may not produce additional improvements in fundamental movement patterns other than those produced by a standard warm-up.
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136
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Chalmers S, Debenedictis TA, Zacharia A, Townsley S, Gleeson C, Lynagh M, Townsley A, Fuller JT. Asymmetry during Functional Movement Screening and injury risk in junior football players: A replication study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1281-1287. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chalmers
- Sport and Exercise Science; School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Sydney Australia
| | - T. A. Debenedictis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - A. Zacharia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - S. Townsley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - C. Gleeson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - M. Lynagh
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - A. Townsley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - J. T. Fuller
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA); Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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137
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Meurer MC, Silva MF, Baroni BM. Strategies for injury prevention in Brazilian football: Perceptions of physiotherapists and practices of premier league teams. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 28:1-8. [PMID: 28886473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the physiotherapists perceptions and the current practices for injury prevention in elite football (soccer) clubs in Brazil. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Group of Science in Sports & Exercise, Federal University of Healthy Sciences of Porto Alegre (Brazil). PARTICIPANTS 16 of the 20 football clubs involved in the Brazilian premier league 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physiotherapists answered a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Most physiotherapists (∼88%) were active in design, testing and application of prevention programs. Previous injury, muscle imbalance, fatigue, hydration, fitness, diet, sleep/rest and age were considered "very important" or "important" injury risk factors by all respondents. The methods most commonly used to detect athletes' injury risk were: monitoring of biochemical markers (100% of teams), isokinetic dynamometry (81%), questionnaires (75%), functional movement screen (56%), fleximetry (56%) and horizontal jump tests (50%). All clubs used strength training, functional training, core exercises and balance/proprioception exercises in their injury prevention program; and Nordic hamstring exercise and other eccentric exercises were used by 94% of clubs. "FIFA 11+" prevention program was adapted by 88% of clubs. CONCLUSION Physiotherapists perceptions and current practices of injury prevention within Brazilian elite football clubs were similar to those employed in developed countries. There remains a gap between clinical practice and scientific evidence in high performance football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Couto Meurer
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faria Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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138
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Bakken A, Targett S, Bere T, Eirale C, Farooq A, Tol JL, Whiteley R, Khan KM, Bahr R. The functional movement test 9+ is a poor screening test for lower extremity injuries in professional male football players: a 2-year prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:1047-1053. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe 9+ screening battery test consists of 11 tests to assess limitations in functional movement.AimTo examine the association of the 9+ with lower extremity injuries and to identify a cut-off point to predict injury risk.MethodsProfessional male football players in Qatar from 14 teams completed the 9+ at the beginning of the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were registered prospectively by club medical staff during these seasons. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate HR and 95% CI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity and identify the optimal cut-off point for risk assessment.Results362 players completed the 9+ and had injury and exposure registration. There were 526 injuries among 203 players (56.1%) during the two seasons; injuries to the thigh were the most frequent. There was no association between 9+ total score and the risk of lower extremity injuries (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.05, p=0.13), even after adjusting for other risk factors in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.04, p=0.37). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.48, and there was no cut-off point that distinguished injured from non-injured players.ConclusionThe 9+ was not associated with lower extremity injury, and it was no better than chance for distinguishing between injured and uninjured players. Therefore, the 9+ test cannot be recommended as an injury prediction tool in this population.
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139
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Rhon DI, Teyhen DS, Shaffer SW, Goffar SL, Kiesel K, Plisky PP. Developing predictive models for return to work using the Military Power, Performance and Prevention (MP3) musculoskeletal injury risk algorithm: a study protocol for an injury risk assessment programme. Inj Prev 2016; 24:81-88. [PMID: 27884941 PMCID: PMC5800339 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are a primary source of disability in the US Military, and low back pain and lower extremity injuries account for over 44% of limited work days annually. History of prior musculoskeletal injury increases the risk for future injury. This study aims to determine the risk of injury after returning to work from a previous injury. The objective is to identify criteria that can help predict likelihood for future injury or re-injury. METHODS There will be 480 active duty soldiers recruited from across four medical centres. These will be patients who have sustained a musculoskeletal injury in the lower extremity or lumbar/thoracic spine, and have now been cleared to return back to work without any limitations. Subjects will undergo a battery of physical performance tests and fill out sociodemographic surveys. They will be followed for a year to identify any musculoskeletal injuries that occur. Prediction algorithms will be derived using regression analysis from performance and sociodemographic variables found to be significantly different between injured and non-injured subjects. DISCUSSION Due to the high rates of injuries, injury prevention and prediction initiatives are growing. This is the first study looking at predicting re-injury rates after an initial musculoskeletal injury. In addition, multivariate prediction models appear to have move value than models based on only one variable. This approach aims to validate a multivariate model used in healthy non-injured individuals to help improve variables that best predict the ability to return to work with lower risk of injury, after a recent musculoskeletal injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02776930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Rhon
- Center for the Intrepid, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.,Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Baylor University, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Scott W Shaffer
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Baylor University, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.,Army Medical Department Center and School, Graduate School, JBSA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Goffar
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Kiesel
- University of Evansville, School of Physical Therapy, Evansville, Indiana, USA
| | - Phil P Plisky
- University of Evansville, School of Physical Therapy, Evansville, Indiana, USA
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