101
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Cuadros M, Dave SS, Jaffe ES, Honrado E, Milne R, Alves J, Rodríguez J, Zajac M, Benitez J, Staudt LM, Martinez-Delgado B. Identification of a Proliferation Signature Related to Survival in Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3321-9. [PMID: 17577022 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.09.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, suggesting the existence of molecular differences contributing to their histologic and clinical variability. Initial expression profiling studies of T-cell lymphomas have been inconclusive in yielding clinically relevant insights. We applied DNA microarrays to gain insight into the molecular signatures associated with prognosis. Materials and Methods We analyzed the expression profiles of 35 nodal PTCLs (23 PTCLs unspecified and 12 angioimmunoblastic) using two different microarray platforms, the cDNA microarray developed at the Spanish National Cancer Centre and an oligonucleotide microarray. Results We identified five clusters of genes, the expression of which varied significantly among the samples. Genes in these clusters seemed to be functionally related to different cellular processes such as proliferation, inflammatory response, and T-cell or B-cell lineages. Regardless of the microarray platform used, overexpression of genes in the proliferation signature was associated significantly with shorter survival of patients. This proliferation signature included genes commonly associated with the cell cycle, such as CCNA, CCNB, TOP2A, and PCNA. Moreover the PTCL proliferation signature showed a statistically significant inverse correlation with clusters of the inflammatory response (P < .0001), as well as with the percentage of CD68+ cells. Conclusion Our findings indicate that proliferation could be an important factor in evaluating nodal PTCL outcome and may help to define a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cuadros
- Human Genetics Group and Genotyping Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain
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102
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Hagberg A, Olsson-Strömberg U, Wickenberg-Bolin U, Göransson H, Isaksson A, Bengtsson M, Höglund M, Simonsson B, Barbany G. Gene expression analysis identifies a genetic signature potentially associated with response to α-IFN in chronic phase CML patients. Leuk Res 2007; 31:931-8. [PMID: 17207527 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microarray-based gene expression analysis was performed on diagnostic chronic phase CML patient samples prior to interferon treatment. Fifteen patient samples corresponding to six cytogenetic responders and nine non-responders were included. Genes differentially expressed between responder and non-responder patients were listed and a subsequent leave-one-out cross validation (LOOV) procedure showed that the top 20 genes allowed the highest prediction accuracy. The relevant genes were quantified by real-time PCR that supported the microarray results. We conclude that it might be possible to use gene expression analysis to predict future response to interferon in CML diagnostic samples.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hagberg
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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103
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Campo Dell'Orto M, Zangrando A, Trentin L, Li R, Liu WM, te Kronnie G, Basso G, Kohlmann A. New data on robustness of gene expression signatures in leukemia: comparison of three distinct total RNA preparation procedures. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:188. [PMID: 17587440 PMCID: PMC1925098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microarray gene expression (MAGE) signatures allow insights into the transcriptional processes of leukemias and may evolve as a molecular diagnostic test. Introduction of MAGE into clinical practice of leukemia diagnosis will require comprehensive assessment of variation due to the methodologies. Here we systematically assessed the impact of three different total RNA isolation procedures on variation in expression data: method A: lysis of mononuclear cells, followed by lysate homogenization and RNA extraction; method B: organic solvent based RNA isolation, and method C: organic solvent based RNA isolation followed by purification. RESULTS We analyzed 27 pediatric acute leukemias representing nine distinct subtypes and show that method A yields better RNA quality, was associated with more differentially expressed genes between leukemia subtypes, demonstrated the lowest degree of variation between experiments, was more reproducible, and was characterized with a higher precision in technical replicates. Unsupervised and supervised analyses grouped leukemias according to lineage and clinical features in all three methods, thus underlining the robustness of MAGE to identify leukemia specific signatures. CONCLUSION The signatures in the different subtypes of leukemias, regardless of the different extraction methods used, account for the biggest source of variation in the data. Lysis of mononuclear cells, followed by lysate homogenization and RNA extraction represents the optimum method for robust gene expression data and is thus recommended for obtaining robust classification results in microarray studies in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campo Dell'Orto
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Zangrando
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Trentin
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Rui Li
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Department of Genomics and Oncology, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Wei-min Liu
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Department of Genomics and Oncology, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Geertruy te Kronnie
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alexander Kohlmann
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Department of Genomics and Oncology, Pleasanton, CA, USA
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104
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Baldus CD, Mrózek K, Marcucci G, Bloomfield CD. Clinical outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia patients with normal cytogenetics is affected by molecular genetic alterations: a concise review. Br J Haematol 2007; 137:387-400. [PMID: 17488484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal cytogenetics are detected pretreatment in approximately 45% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); thus this constitutes the single largest cytogenetic group of AML. Recently, molecular genetic alterations with prognostic significance have been reported in these patients. They include internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene, partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene, mutations of the CEBPA and NPM1 genes and aberrant expression of the BAALC, ERG and MN1 genes. Additionally, gene-expression profiling has been applied to identify prognostically relevant subgroups. Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of molecular pathways deregulated in leukaemogenesis and how these defects can be targeted by novel therapeutic compounds. Here we critically review the molecular heterogeneity among AML patients with normal cytogenetics and discuss how these data may translate into a prognostic, molecular-based treatment stratification that may improve the currently unsatisfactory outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Baldus
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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105
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Bullinger L, Rücker FG, Kurz S, Du J, Scholl C, Sander S, Corbacioglu A, Lottaz C, Krauter J, Fröhling S, Ganser A, Schlenk RF, Döhner K, Pollack JR, Döhner H. Gene-expression profiling identifies distinct subclasses of core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2007; 110:1291-300. [PMID: 17485551 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-049783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Core binding factor (CBF) leukemias, characterized by either inv(16)/t(16;16) or t(8;21), constitute acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroups with favorable prognosis. However, there exists substantial biologic and clinical heterogeneity within these cytogenetic groups that is not fully reflected by the current classification system. To improve the molecular characterization we profiled gene expression in a large series (n = 93) of AML patients with CBF leukemia [(inv (16), n = 55; t(8;21), n = 38)]. By unsupervised hierarchical clustering we were able to define a subgroup of CBF cases (n = 35) characterized by shorter overall survival times (P = .03). While there was no obvious correlation with fusion gene transcript levels, FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain, KIT, and NRAS mutations, the newly defined inv(16)/t(8;21) subgroup was associated with elevated white blood cell counts and FLT3 internal tandem duplications (P = .011 and P = .026, respectively). Supervised analyses of gene expression suggested alternative cooperating pathways leading to transformation. In the "favorable" CBF leukemias, antiapoptotic mechanisms and deregulated mTOR signaling and, in the newly defined "unfavorable" subgroup, aberrant MAPK signaling and chemotherapy-resistance mechanisms might play a role. While the leukemogenic relevance of these signatures remains to be validated, their existence nevertheless supports a prognostically relevant biologic basis for the heterogeneity observed in CBF leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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106
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Pui CH, Jeha S. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:149-65. [PMID: 17268486 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although contemporary treatments cure more than 80% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), some patients require intensive treatment and many patients still develop serious acute and late complications owing to the side effects of the treatments. Furthermore, the survival rate for adults with ALL remains below 40%. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed to improve not only the cure rate but also the quality of life of these patients. Here, we discuss emerging new treatments that might improve the clinical outcome of patients with ALL. These include new formulations of existing chemotherapeutic agents, new antimetabolites and nucleoside analogues, monoclonal antibodies against leukaemia-associated antigens, and molecular therapies that target genetic abnormalities of the leukaemic cells and their affected signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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107
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Suela J, Alvarez S, Cifuentes F, Largo C, Ferreira BI, Blesa D, Ardanaz M, García R, Marquez JA, Odero MD, Calasanz MJ, Cigudosa JC. DNA profiling analysis of 100 consecutive de novo acute myeloid leukemia cases reveals patterns of genomic instability that affect all cytogenetic risk groups. Leukemia 2007; 21:1224-31. [PMID: 17377590 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a high-resolution whole genome DNA profiling analysis on 100 bone marrow samples from a consecutive series of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. After discarding copy number changes that are known to be genetic polymorphisms, we found that genomic aberrations (GA) in the form of gains or losses of genetic material were present in 74% of the samples, with a median of 2 GA per case (range 0-35). In addition to the cytogenetically detected aberration, GA were present in cases from all cytogenetic prognostic groups: 79% in the favorable group, 60% in the intermediate group (including 59% of cases with normal karyotype) and 83% in the adverse group. Five aberrant deleted regions were recurrently associated with cases with a highly aberrant genome (e.g., a 1.5 Mb deletion at 17q11.2 and a 750 kb deletion at 5q31.1). Different degrees of genomic instability showed a statistically significant impact on survival curves, even within the normal karyotype cases. This association was independent of other clinical and genetic parameters. Our study provides, for the first time, a detailed picture of the nature and frequency of DNA copy number aberrations in de novo AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suela
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
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108
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Mathew JP, Taylor BS, Bader GD, Pyarajan S, Antoniotti M, Chinnaiyan AM, Sander C, Burakoff SJ, Mishra B. From bytes to bedside: data integration and computational biology for translational cancer research. PLoS Comput Biol 2007; 3:e12. [PMID: 17319736 PMCID: PMC1808026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jomol P Mathew
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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109
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Mrózek K, Döhner H, Bloomfield CD. Influence of new molecular prognostic markers in patients with karyotypically normal acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances. Curr Opin Hematol 2007; 14:106-14. [PMID: 17255787 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32801684c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular study of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia is among the most active areas of leukemia research. Despite having the same normal karyotype, adults with de-novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia who constitute the largest cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia, are very diverse with respect to acquired gene mutations and gene expression changes. These genetic alterations affect clinical outcome and may assist in selection of proper treatment. Herein we critically summarize recent clinically relevant molecular genetic studies of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS NPM1 gene mutations causing aberrant cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin have been demonstrated to be the most frequent submicroscopic alterations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia and to confer improved prognosis, especially in patients without a concomitant FLT3 gene internal tandem duplication. Overexpressed BAALC, ERG and MN1 genes and expression of breast cancer resistance protein have been shown to confer poor prognosis. A gene-expression signature previously suggested to separate cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia patients into prognostic subgroups has been validated on a different microarray platform, although gene-expression signature-based classifiers predicting outcome for individual patients with greater accuracy are still needed. SUMMARY The discovery of new prognostic markers has increased our understanding of leukemogenesis and may lead to improved prognostication and generation of novel risk-adapted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mrózek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive, Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1228, USA.
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110
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Greiner J, Schmitt M, Li L, Giannopoulos K, Bosch K, Schmitt A, Dohner K, Schlenk RF, Pollack JR, Dohner H, Bullinger L. Expression of tumor-associated antigens in acute myeloid leukemia: implications for specific immunotherapeutic approaches. Blood 2006; 108:4109-17. [PMID: 16931630 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-01-023127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) might play a critical role in the control of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and therefore might be associated with clinical outcome in AML. In a DNA microarray analysis of 116 AML samples, we found a significant correlation between high mRNA levels of G250/CA9 and longer overall survival (P = .022), a similar trend with high mRNA levels of PRAME (P = .103), and a hint for RHAMM/HMMR. In contrast, for other TAAs like WT1, TERT, PRTN3, BCL2, and LAMR1, we found no correlation with clinical outcome. High expression of at least 1 of the 3 TAAs, RHAMM/HMMR, PRAME, or G250/CA9, provided the strongest favorable prognostic effect (P = .005). Specific T-cell responses were detected in 8 (47%) of 17 patients with AML in complete remission for RHAMM/HMMR-R3 peptide, in 7 (70%) of 10 for PRAME-P3 peptide, and in 6 (60%) of 10 for newly characterized G250/CA9-G2 peptide, a significant increased immune response compared with patients with AML patients who had refractory disease (P < .001). Furthermore, we could demonstrate specific lysis of T2 cells presenting these epitope peptides. In conclusion, expression of the TAAs RHAMM/HMMR, PRAME, and G250/CA9 can induce strong antileukemic immune responses, possibly enabling MRD control. Thus, these TAAs represent interesting targets for polyvalent immunotherapeutic approaches in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/immunology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/immunology
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str.8, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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111
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Haferlach T, Kohlmann A, Bacher U, Schnittger S, Haferlach C, Kern W. Gene expression profiling for the diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2006; 96:535-40. [PMID: 17146476 PMCID: PMC2360048 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimised diagnostic setting in acute leukaemias combines cytomorphology and cytochemistry, multiparameter immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. This allows classification and definition of biologically defined and prognostically relevant subtypes, and allows directed treatment in some sub-entities. Over the last years the microarray technology has helped to quantify simultaneously the expression status of ten thousands of genes in single experiments. This novel approach will hopefully become an essential tool for the molecular classification of acute leukaemias in the near future. It can be anticipated that new biologically defined and clinically relevant subtypes of leukaemia will be identified based on their unique gene expression profiles. This method may therefore guide therapeutic decisions and should be investigated in a diagnostic setting in parallel to established standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich 81377, Germany.
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112
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Yuan W, Payton JE, Holt MS, Link DC, Watson MA, DiPersio JF, Ley TJ. Commonly dysregulated genes in murine APL cells. Blood 2006; 109:961-70. [PMID: 17008535 PMCID: PMC1785140 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-036640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genes that are commonly dysregulated in a murine model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we first defined gene expression patterns during normal murine myeloid development; serial gene expression profiling studies were performed with primary murine hematopoietic progenitors that were induced to undergo myeloid maturation in vitro with G-CSF. Many genes were reproducibly expressed in restricted developmental "windows," suggesting a structured hierarchy of expression that is relevant for the induction of developmental fates and/or differentiated cell functions. We compared the normal myeloid developmental transcriptome with that of APL cells derived from mice expressing PML-RARalpha under control of the murine cathepsin G locus. While many promyelocyte-specific genes were highly expressed in all APL samples, 116 genes were reproducibly dysregulated in many independent APL samples, including Fos, Jun, Egr1, Tnf, and Vcam1. However, this set of commonly dysregulated genes was expressed normally in preleukemic, early myeloid cells from the same mouse model, suggesting that dysregulation occurs as a "downstream" event during disease progression. These studies suggest that the genetic events that lead to APL progression may converge on common pathways that are important for leukemia pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cathepsin G
- Cathepsins/genetics
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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113
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Casorelli I, Tenedini E, Tagliafico E, Blasi MF, Giuliani A, Crescenzi M, Pelosi E, Testa U, Peschle C, Mele L, Diverio D, Breccia M, Lo-Coco F, Ferrari S, Bignami M. Identification of a molecular signature for leukemic promyelocytes and their normal counterparts: focus on DNA repair genes. Leukemia 2006; 20:1978-88. [PMID: 16990782 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a clonal expansion of hematopoietic precursors blocked at the promyelocytic stage. Gene expression profiles of APL cells obtained from 16 patients were compared to eight samples of CD34+-derived normal promyelocytes. Malignant promyelocytes showed widespread changes in transcription in comparison to their normal counterpart and 1020 differentially expressed genes were identified. Discriminating genes include transcriptional regulators (FOS, JUN and HOX genes) and genes involved in cell cycle and DNA repair. The strong upregulation in APL of some transcripts (FLT3, CD33, CD44 and HGF) was also confirmed at protein level. Interestingly, a trend toward a transcriptional repression of genes involved in different DNA repair pathways was found in APL and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reactor (PCR) in a new set of nine APLs. Our results suggest that both inefficient base excision repair and recombinational repair might play a role in APLs development. To investigate the expression pathways underlying the development of APL occurring as a second malignancy (sAPL), we included in our study eight cases of sAPL. Although both secondary and de novo APL were characterized by a strong homogeneity in expression profiling, we identified a small set of differentially expressed genes that discriminate sAPL from de novo cases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Granulocyte Precursor Cells/pathology
- Granulocyte Precursor Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
- Transcription, Genetic
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- I Casorelli
- Section of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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114
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Fujii K, Kondo T, Yamada M, Iwatsuki K, Hirohashi S. Toward a comprehensive quantitative proteome database: protein expression map of lymphoid neoplasms by 2-D DIGE and MS. Proteomics 2006; 6:4856-76. [PMID: 16888764 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using 2-D DIGE, we constructed a quantitative 2-D database including 309 proteins corresponding to 389 protein spots across 42 lymphoid neoplasm cell lines. The proteins separated by 2-D PAGE were identified by MS and assigned to the expression data obtained by 2-D DIGE. The cell lines were categorized into four groups: those from Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (4 cell lines), B cell malignancies (19 cell lines), T cell malignancies (16 cell lines), and natural killer (NK) cell malignancies (3 cell lines). We characterized the proteins in the database by classifying them according to their expression level. We found 28 proteins with more than a 2-fold difference between the cell line groups. We also noted the proteins that allowed multidimensional separation to be achieved (1) between HL cells and other cells, (2) between the cells derived from B cells, T cells and NK cells, and (3) between HL cells and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Decision tree classification identified five proteins that could be used to classify the 42 cell lines according to differentiation. These results suggest that the quantitative 2-D database using 2-D DIGE will be a useful resource for studying the mechanisms underlying the differentiation phenotypes of lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Proteome Bioinformatics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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115
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Tagliafico E, Tenedini E, Manfredini R, Grande A, Ferrari F, Roncaglia E, Bicciato S, Zini R, Salati S, Bianchi E, Gemelli C, Montanari M, Vignudelli T, Zanocco-Marani T, Parenti S, Paolucci P, Martinelli G, Piccaluga PP, Baccarani M, Specchia G, Torelli U, Ferrari S. Identification of a molecular signature predictive of sensitivity to differentiation induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1751-8. [PMID: 16932344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts are immature committed myeloid cells unable to spontaneously undergo terminal maturation, and characterized by heterogeneous sensitivity to natural differentiation inducers. Here, we show a molecular signature predicting the resistance or sensitivity of six myeloid cell lines to differentiation induced in vitro with retinoic acid or vitamin D. The identified signature was further validated by TaqMan assay for the prediction of response to an in vitro differentiation assay performed on 28 freshly isolated AML blast populations. The TaqMan assay successfully predicts the in vitro resistance or responsiveness of AML blasts to differentiation inducers. Furthermore, performing a meta-analysis of publicly available microarray data sets, we also show the accuracy of our prediction on known phenotypes and suggest that our signature could become useful for the identification of patients eligible for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tagliafico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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116
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recurring chromosomal abnormalities are considered the primary genetic change in oncogenesis as well as an important indicator for tumor phenotype and clinical outcome. This review highlights recent findings regarding the genes associated with chromosomal translocations. RECENT FINDINGS A great number of novel fusion genes associated with chromosomal translocations have been cloned. These novel fusion genes are found in the smaller part of various malignancies, and it can be expected that the significance of novel fusion gene occurrence for oncogenesis will be clarified in the not too distant future. Observation of high frequencies of mutations in NOTCH1, NPM and JAK2 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype and myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis) have provided important suggestions for a better understanding of chromosomal translocations. This is because all these genes had already been identified as genes associated with chromosomal translocations in a small subset of specific phenotypes of hematologic malignancies. SUMMARY This review summarizes recent findings associated with chromosomal translocations including newly identified fusion genes, a novel mechanism of fusion gene formation and their relevance for novel targeted therapies. Continuing attempts to identify genes associated with chromosomal translocations can be expected to provide further insights into the significance of various gene alterations in cancer and the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Taki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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117
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Clinical implications of gene expression profiling of acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2006; 1:114-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-006-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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118
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Frank O, Brors B, Fabarius A, Li L, Haak M, Merk S, Schwindel U, Zheng C, Müller MC, Gretz N, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A, Seifarth W. Gene expression signature of primary imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2006; 20:1400-7. [PMID: 16728981 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is successfully used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), inherent mechanisms confer primary resistance to leukemic patients. In order to search for potentially useful genes in predicting cytogenetic response, a retrospective gene expression study was performed. Leukocyte RNA isolated before imatinib from interferon-alpha-pretreated chronic phase CML patients (n=34) with or without major cytogenetic remission (< or =35% Philadelphia (Ph)+ metaphases) during the first year of treatment was comparatively analyzed using Affymetrix U133A chips. Using support vector machines for gene classification, an outcome-specific gene expression signature consisting of 128 genes was identified. Comparative expression data of specific genes point to changes in apoptosis (e.g. casp9, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1, hras), DNA repair (msh3, ddb2), oxidative stress protection (glutathione synthetase, paraoxonase 2, vanin 1) and centrosomes (inhibitor of differentiation-1) within primary resistant patients. Independent statistical approaches and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies support the clinical relevance of gene profiling. In conclusion, this study establishes a candidate predictor of imatinib resistance in interferon-alpha-pretreated CML patients to be subjected to future investigation in a larger independent patient cohort. The resulting expression signature point to involvement of BCR-ABL-independent mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Frank
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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119
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Feuring-Buske M, Hartmann EM, Ott G, Reuter H, Buske C, Rosenwald A. [DNA-chips in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies]. Internist (Berl) 2006; 47:39-46. [PMID: 16247632 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-005-1526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, gene expression profiling using DNA-microarrays led to the discovery of novel lymphoma and leukemia subgroups. The heterogeneous entity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma could be subdivided into the germinal center B-cell-like and the activated B-cell-like subtype which differ in pathogenesis and clinical behavior. In leukemia, existing entities defined by morphological, cytogenetic, molecular and immunophenotypic criteria were confirmed on the global gene expression level; in addition, new important molecular subgroups could be identified. In retrospective clinical lymphoma and leukemia studies, robust gene expression signatures were discovered that predict the clinical course at the time of diagnosis. Given the huge potential of the DNA-microarray technology, application in the routine diagnostic setting appears possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feuring-Buske
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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120
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Konoplev S, Bueso-Ramos CE. Advances in the pathologic diagnosis and biology of acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2006; 10:39-65. [PMID: 16414545 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a general surgical pathology practice, cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including myeloid sarcoma, are relatively rare; the diagnosis is very often difficult, however, and consequences of a missed or improper diagnosis compromise patient care. Currently, accurate diagnosis of every case of AML requires integration of the morphological features and results of cytochemical and immunohistochemical stains, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular studies. This review focuses on a practical approach to diagnosis of AML according to current standard of practice and discusses some of recent changes in the field of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA
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121
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Lee S, Chen J, Zhou G, Shi RZ, Bouffard GG, Kocherginsky M, Ge X, Sun M, Jayathilaka N, Kim YC, Emmanuel N, Bohlander SK, Minden M, Kline J, Ozer O, Larson RA, LeBeau MM, Green ED, Trent J, Karrison T, Liu PP, Wang SM, Rowley JD. Gene expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia with common translocations using SAGE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1030-5. [PMID: 16418266 PMCID: PMC1347995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509878103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the specific cytogenetic abnormality is one of the critical steps for classification of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) which influences the selection of appropriate therapy and provides information about disease prognosis. However at present, the genetic complexity of AML is only partially understood. To obtain a comprehensive, unbiased, quantitative measure, we performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) on CD15(+) myeloid progenitor cells from 22 AML patients who had four of the most common translocations, namely t(8;21), t(15;17), t(9;11), and inv(16). The quantitative data provide clear evidence that the major change in all these translocation-carrying leukemias is a decrease in expression of the majority of transcripts compared with normal CD15(+) cells. From a total of 1,247,535 SAGE tags, we identified 2,604 transcripts whose expression was significantly altered in these leukemias compared with normal myeloid progenitor cells. The gene ontology of the 1,110 transcripts that matched known genes revealed that each translocation had a uniquely altered profile in various functional categories including regulation of transcription, cell cycle, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. Our global analysis of gene expression of common translocations in AML can focus attention on the function of the genes with altered expression for future biological studies as well as highlight genes/pathways for more specifically targeted therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Cell Differentiation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Lewis X Antigen/biosynthesis
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggyu Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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122
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Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD. Chromosome aberrations, gene mutations and expression changes, and prognosis in adult acute myeloid leukemia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2006:169-77. [PMID: 17124057 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2006.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are strongly influenced by acquired genetic alterations in leukemic cells, which include microscopically detectable chromosome aberrations and, increasingly, submicroscopic gene mutations and changes in gene expression. Cytogenetic findings separate AML patients into three broad prognostic categories: favorable, intermediate and adverse. The cytogenetic-risk classifications differ somewhat for younger adult patients and those aged 60 years or older. In many instances, patients with specific cytogenetic findings, e.g., those with a normal karyotype or those with either t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22) [collectively referred to as core-binding factor (CBF) AML] can be further subdivided into prognostic categories based on the presence or absence of particular gene mutations or changes in gene expression. Importantly, many of these molecular genetic alterations constitute potential targets for risk-adapted therapies. In this article, we briefly review major cytogenetic prognostic categories and discuss molecular genetic findings of prognostic significance in two of the largest cytogenetic groups of patients with AML, namely AML with a normal karyotype and CBF AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mrózek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 300 West Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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123
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Kern W, Kohlmann A, Schoch C, Schnittger S, Haferlach T. Comparison of mRNA abundance quantified by gene expression profiling and percentage of positive cells using immunophenotyping for diagnostic antigens in acute and chronic leukemias. Cancer 2006; 107:2401-7. [PMID: 17041886 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microarray analysis is considered a future diagnostic tool in leukemias. Whereas data accumulate on specific gene expression patterns in biologically defined leukemia entities, data on the correlation between flow cytometrically determined protein expression, which are essential in the diagnostic setting today, and microarray results are limited. METHODS The results obtained by microarray analysis were compared using the Affymetrix GeneChip HG-U133 system in parallel with flow cytometric findings of 36 relevant targets in 814 patients with newly diagnosed acute and chronic leukemias as well as in normal bone marrow samples. RESULTS In a total of 21,581 individual comparisons between signal intensities obtained by microarray analysis and percentages of positive cell as determined by flow cytometry, coefficients of correlation in the range of 0.171 to 0.807 were obtained. In particular, the degree of correlation was high in the following genes critical in the diagnostic setting: CD4, CD8, CD13 (ANPEP), CD33, CD23 (FCER2), CD64 (FCGR1A), CD117 (KIT), CD34, MPO, CD20 (MS4A1), CD7 (range of r, 0.589-0.807). CONCLUSIONS The present data prove the high degree of correlation between findings obtained by microarray analysis and flow cytometry. They are in favor of a future application of the microarray technology as a robust diagnostic tool in leukemias.
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124
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Andersson A, Olofsson T, Lindgren D, Nilsson B, Ritz C, Edén P, Lassen C, Råde J, Fontes M, Mörse H, Heldrup J, Behrendtz M, Mitelman F, Höglund M, Johansson B, Fioretos T. Molecular signatures in childhood acute leukemia and their correlations to expression patterns in normal hematopoietic subpopulations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:19069-74. [PMID: 16354839 PMCID: PMC1323166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506637102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global expression profiles of a consecutive series of 121 childhood acute leukemias (87 B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 11 T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and 23 acute myeloid leukemias), six normal bone marrows, and 10 normal hematopoietic subpopulations of different lineages and maturations were ascertained by using 27K cDNA microarrays. Unsupervised analyses revealed segregation according to lineages and primary genetic changes, i.e., TCF3(E2A)/PBX1, IGH@/MYC, ETV6(TEL)/RUNX1(AML1), 11q23/MLL, and hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes). Supervised discriminatory analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes correlating with lineage and primary genetic change. The gene-expression profiles of normal hematopoietic cells were also studied. By using principal component analyses (PCA), a differentiation axis was exposed, reflecting lineages and maturation stages of normal hematopoietic cells. By applying the three principal components obtained from PCA of the normal cells on the leukemic samples, similarities between malignant and normal cell lineages and maturations were investigated. Apart from showing that leukemias segregate according to lineage and genetic subtype, we provide an extensive study of the genes correlating with primary genetic changes. We also investigated the expression pattern of these genes in normal hematopoietic cells of different lineages and maturations, identifying genes preferentially expressed by the leukemic cells, suggesting an ectopic activation of a large number of genes, likely to reflect regulatory networks of pathogenetic importance that also may provide attractive targets for future directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andersson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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125
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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126
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Abstract
Nearly 15 years have passed since the possibility of analyzing nucleic acid analytes in a massively parallel fashion was proposed using the then new concept of microarrays. A decade ago, proof of principle demonstration projects established the use of high density microarrays to genotype multiple polymorphisms within a large gene [cystic fibrosis transmembrance regulator (CFTR)], to rapidly analyze DNA sequences by hybridization and to ascertain differential gene expression of the entire genome of an organism. The use of microarrays has had an explosive influence on the rate at which new biological information can be learned, including in a nonhypothesis driven manner. The past decade has also seen these research tools applied increasingly to questions of clinical and medical relevance. Genotyping drug metabolizing enzyme genes, resequencing important tumor suppressor genes, and classifying neoplastic disease by differential gene expression profiles are but a few of the many possibilities to provide clinically useful information using microarray-based diagnostic tests.
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