101
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Bcor insufficiency promotes initiation and progression of myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2018; 132:2470-2483. [PMID: 30228234 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-827964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BCOR, encoding BCL-6 corepressor (BCOR), is X-linked and targeted by somatic mutations in various hematological malignancies including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We previously reported that mice lacking Bcor exon 4 (Bcor ΔE4/y ) in the hematopoietic compartment developed NOTCH-dependent acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we analyzed mice lacking Bcor exons 9 and 10 (Bcor ΔE9-10/y ), which express a carboxyl-terminal truncated BCOR that fails to interact with core effector components of polycomb repressive complex 1.1. Bcor ΔE9-10/y mice developed lethal T-ALL in a similar manner to Bcor ΔE4/y mice, whereas Bcor ΔE9-10/y hematopoietic cells showed a growth advantage in the myeloid compartment that was further enhanced by the concurrent deletion of Tet2 Tet2 Δ/Δ Bcor ΔE9-10/y mice developed lethal MDS with progressive anemia and leukocytopenia, inefficient hematopoiesis, and the morphological dysplasia of blood cells. Tet2 Δ/Δ Bcor ΔE9-10/y MDS cells reproduced MDS or evolved into lethal MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms in secondary recipients. Transcriptional profiling revealed the derepression of myeloid regulator genes of the Cebp family and Hoxa cluster genes in Bcor ΔE9-10/y progenitor cells and the activation of p53 target genes specifically in MDS erythroblasts where massive apoptosis occurred. Our results reveal a tumor suppressor function of BCOR in myeloid malignancies and highlight the impact of Bcor insufficiency on the initiation and progression of MDS.
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102
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Rujirachaivej P, Siriboonpiputtana T, Rerkamnuaychoke B, Magmuang S, Chareonsirisuthigul T, Boonsakan P, Petvises S, Sirirat T, Niparuck P, Chuncharunee S. The Frequency of SF3B1 Mutations in Thai Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1825-1831. [PMID: 30049194 PMCID: PMC6165635 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in genes encoding critical component of RNA splicing machinery including SF3B1 are frequently identified and recognized as the pathogenesis in the development of myelodysplatic syndrome (MDS). In this study, PCR sequencings specific for SF3B1 exon 13, 14, 15, and 16 were performed to analyse genomic DNA isolated from bone marrow samples of 72 newly diagnosed MDS patients. We found that 10 of 72 (14%) patients harbor SF3B1 missense mutations including E622D (1/72), R625C/G (2/72), H662Q (1/72), K666T (1/72), K700E (4/72) and G740E (1/72), respectively. Mutations were predominantly located on exon 14 and 15 of SF3B1 coding sequence. Interestingly, patients with SF3B1 mutations exhibited higher platelet counts (195×109/L VS. 140×109/L, p-value = 0.025) as well as lower hemoglobin levels (81 g/L VS. 92 g/L, p-value = 0.009) and associated with ring sideroblast phenotype (p-value < 0.001) when compared with patients without the SF3B1 mutation. In summary, we reported the frequency of SF3B1 mutations in Thai patients with different subtypes of MDS. SF3B1 mutations were predominantly occurred in MDS-RS and considered as favourable prognosis value. This study further highlighted the clinical important of SF3B1 mutations analysis for the classification of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punchita Rujirachaivej
- Division of Hematology, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Nakhon, Nayok,Thailand.
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103
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Santini V. Society of Hematologic Oncology (SOHO) State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Myelodysplastic Syndromes. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:495-500. [PMID: 29907542 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past few months, 2 main streams of research have dominated the panorama of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) investigations: deepening the insight into the pathogenic role, hierarchy, and prognostic effect of somatic mutations and, as a consequence, into the effect of inherited congenital predisposing conditions and the second, quite interlinked with the first, analyzing inflammation and innate immunity in patients with MDS. The research devoted to clarifying the mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance to hypomethylating agents has also advanced, mostly resulting from different approaches to the study of DNA methylation. Recent observations have reinforced support for targeted therapies for selected subgroups of MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Santini
- MDS Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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104
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Geevarghese A, Mascarenhas J. Evolving Understanding of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Implications for Future Treatment Paradigms. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:519-527. [PMID: 29891120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a relatively uncommon hematologic malignancy that manifests as peripheral monocytosis, has varying degrees of bone marrow dysplasia, and is associated with poor outcomes. Despite a growing appreciation of the pathobiologic mechanisms driving CMML, current therapies have not clearly demonstrated any survival benefit. The complex pathobiology of CMML highlights the intricate aberrantly activated cellular pathways that influence disease phenotype and limit current treatment options. Understanding of these oncogenic pathways may provide novel mechanism-based treatment strategies that may ultimately offer better outcomes for patients. We reviewed the current diagnostic, prognostic, and molecular understandings, and we assessed the current and future treatment options for CMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Geevarghese
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Myeloproliferative Disorders Clinical Research Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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105
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Janiszewska H, Bąk A, Skonieczka K, Jaśkowiec A, Kiełbiński M, Jachalska A, Czyżewska M, Jaźwiec B, Kuliszkiewicz-Janus M, Czyż J, Kuliczkowski K, Haus O. Constitutional mutations of the CHEK2 gene are a risk factor for MDS, but not for de novo AML. Leuk Res 2018; 70:74-78. [PMID: 29902706 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CHEK2 plays a key role in cellular response to DNA damage, and also in regulation of mitosis and maintenance of chromosomal stability. In patients newly diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 107) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 117) congenital CHEK2 mutations (c.444 + 1G > A, c.1100delC, del5395, p.I157 T) were tested by PCR and sequencing analysis. The karyotype of bone marrow cells of each patient was assessed at disease diagnosis using classical cytogenetic methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The CHEK2 mutations were strongly associated with the risk of MDS (p < 0.0001) but not with the risk of de novo AML (p = 0.798). In CHEK2-positive MDS patients, two times higher frequency of aberrant karyotypes than in CHEK2-negative patients was found (71% vs. 37%, p = 0.015). In CHEK2-positive patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, subtypes of MDS: refractory anemia with excess blasts-1 or 2, associated with unfavorable disease prognosis, were diagnosed two times more often than in CHEK2-negative cases with aberrations (78% vs. 44%). In conclusion, the congenital CHEK2 inactivation is strongly associated with the risk of MDS and with a poorer prognosis of the disease. However, the chromosomal instability in AML is not correlated with the hereditary dysfunction of CHEK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Janiszewska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aneta Bąk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jaśkowiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Kiełbiński
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jachalska
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Jaźwiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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106
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Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Utility of Recurrent Somatic Mutations in Myeloid Neoplasms. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 17S:S62-S74. [PMID: 28760304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The classification and risk stratification of myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myeloproliferative neoplasms, have increasingly been guided by molecular genetic abnormalities. Gene expression analysis and next-generation sequencing have led to the ever increasing discovery of somatic gene mutations in myeloid neoplasms. Mutations have been identified in genes involved in epigenetic modification, RNA splicing, transcription factors, DNA repair, and the cohesin complex. These new somatic/acquired gene mutations have refined the classification of myeloid neoplasms and have been incorporated into the 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. They have also been helpful in the development of new targeted therapeutic agents. In the present review, we describe the clinical utility of recently identified, clinically important gene mutations in myeloid neoplasms, including those incorporated in the 2016 update of the WHO classification.
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107
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Picot T, Aanei CM, Flandrin Gresta P, Noyel P, Tondeur S, Tavernier Tardy E, Guyotat D, Campos Catafal L. Evaluation by Flow Cytometry of Mature Monocyte Subpopulations for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 29707521 PMCID: PMC5906716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by persistent monocytosis and dysplasia in at least one myeloid cell lineage. This persistent monocytosis should be distinguished from the reactive monocytosis which is sometimes observed in a context of infections or solid tumors. In 2015, Selimoglu-Buet et al. observed an increased percentage of classical monocytes (CD14+/CD16- >94%) in the peripheral blood (PB) of CMML patients. In this study, using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), we assessed the monocytic distribution in PB samples and in bone marrow aspirates from 63 patients with monocytosis or CMML suspicion, and in seven follow-up blood samples from CMML patients treated with hypomethylating agents (HMA). A control group of 12 healthy age-matched donors was evaluated in parallel in order to validate the analysis template. The CMML diagnosis was established in 15 cases in correlation with other clinical manifestations and biological tests. The MFC test for the evaluation of the repartition of monocyte subsets, as previously described by Selimoglu-Buet et al. showed a specificity of 97% in blood and 100% in marrow samples. Additional information regarding the expression of intermediate MO2 monocytes percentage improved the specificity to 100% in blood samples allowing the screening of abnormal monocytosis. The indicative thresholds of CMML monocytosis were different in PB compared to BM samples (classical monocytes >95% for PB and >93% for BM). A decrease of monocyte levels in PB and BM, along with a normalization of monocytes distribution, was observed after treatment in 4/7 CMML patients with favorable evolution. No significant changes were observed in 3/7 patients who did not respond to HMA therapy and also presented unfavorable molecular prognostic factors at diagnosis (ASXL1, TET2, and IDH2 mutations). Considering its simplicity and robustness, the monocyte subsets evaluation by MFC provides relevant information for CMML diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Picot
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Pauline Noyel
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Tondeur
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tavernier Tardy
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Denis Guyotat
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France
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108
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Barbosa Ribeiro A, Coucelo M, Tenreiro R, Simões AT, Marques G, Ribeiro L, Cortesão E, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB. Clonal shifts in MDS - from SF3B1 to EZH2. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2994-2997. [PMID: 29616853 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1443452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Barbosa Ribeiro
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology , University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Margarida Coucelo
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rita Tenreiro
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Simões
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Gilberto Marques
- d Department of Clinical Pathology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Letícia Ribeiro
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Emília Cortesão
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology , University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- a Department of Clinical Hematology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology , University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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109
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Hou HA, Tsai CH, Lin CC, Chou WC, Kuo YY, Liu CY, Tseng MH, Peng YL, Liu MC, Liu CW, Liao XW, Lin LI, Yao M, Tang JL, Tien HF. Incorporation of mutations in five genes in the revised International Prognostic Scoring System can improve risk stratification in the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 29618722 PMCID: PMC5884776 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations have not yet been included in the 2016 WHO classification and revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), which are now widely utilized to discriminate myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients regarding risk of leukemia evolution and overall survival (OS). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether integration of gene mutations with other risk factors could further improve the stratification of MDS patients. Mutational analyses of 25 genes relevant to myeloid malignancies in 426 primary MDS patients showed that mutations of CBL, IDH2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, and TP53 were independently associated with shorter survival. Patients within each IPSS-R or 2016 WHO classification-defined risk group could be stratified into two risk subgroups based on the mutational status of these five genes; patients with these poor-risk mutations had an OS shorter than others in the same risk group, but similar to those with the next higher risk category. A scoring system incorporating age, IPSS-R and five poor-risk mutations could divide the MDS patients into four risk groups (P < 0.001 for both OS and leukemia-free survival). In conclusion, integration of gene mutations in current IPSS-R improves the prognostication of MDS patients and may help identify high-risk patients for more aggressive treatment in IPSS-R lower risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Biostatistics Consulting Laboratory, Department of Nursing, National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Peng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Wen Liao
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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110
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Ganguly BB, Banerjee D, Agarwal MB. Impact of chromosome alterations, genetic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) on the classification and risk stratification of MDS. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 69:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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111
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review discusses the need for computational modeling in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and early test results. Recent Findings As our evolving understanding of MDS reveals a molecularly complicated disease, the need for sophisticated computer analytics is required to keep track of the number and complex interplay among the molecular abnormalities. Computational modeling and digital drug simulations using whole exome sequencing data input have produced early results showing high accuracy in predicting treatment response to standard of care drugs. Furthermore, the computational MDS models serve as clinically relevant MDS cell lines for pre-clinical assays of investigational agents. Summary MDS is an ideal disease for computational modeling and digital drug simulations. Current research is focused on establishing the prediction value of computational modeling. Future research will test the clinical advantage of computer-informed therapy in MDS.
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112
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Somatic mutations predict outcomes of hypomethylating therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55264-55275. [PMID: 27419369 PMCID: PMC5342416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypomethylating therapy (HMT) is the first line therapy in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), predicting response to HMT remains an unresolved issue. We aimed to identify mutations associated with response to HMT and survival in MDS. A total of 107 Korean patients with MDS who underwent HMT (57 responders and 50 non-responders) were enrolled. Targeted deep sequencing (median depth of coverage 1,623X) was performed for 26 candidate MDS genes. In multivariate analysis, no mutation was significantly associated with response to HMT, but a lower hemoglobin level (<10g/dL, OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.22-10.33) and low platelet count (<50,000/μL, OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.05-5.93) were independent markers of poor response to HMT. In the subgroup analysis by type of HMT agents, U2AF1 mutation was significantly associated with non-response to azacitidine, which was consistent in multivariate analysis (OR 14.96, 95% CI 1.67-134.18). Regarding overall survival, mutations in DNMT1 (P=0.031), DNMT3A (P=0.006), RAS (P=0.043), and TP53 (P=0.008), and two clinical variables (male-gender, P=0.002; IPSS-R H/VH, P=0.026) were independent predicting factors of poor prognosis. For AML-free survival, mutations in DNMT3A (P<0.001), RAS (P=0.001), and TP53 (P=0.047), and two clinical variables (male-gender, P=0.024; IPSS-R H/VH, P=0.005) were independent predicting factors of poor prognosis. By combining these mutations and clinical predictors, we developed a quantitative scoring model for response to azacitidine, overall- and AML-free survival. Response to azacitidine and survival rates became worse significantly with increasing risk-scores. This scoring model can make prognosis prediction more reliable and clinically applicable.
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113
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How I treat myelodysplastic syndromes of childhood. Blood 2018; 131:1406-1414. [PMID: 29438960 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-765214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders with an annual incidence of 1 to 4 cases per million, accounting for less than 5% of childhood hematologic malignancies. MDSs in children often occur in the context of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, which represent a peculiarity of myelodysplasia diagnosed in pediatric patients. Moreover, germ line syndromes predisposing individuals to develop MDS or acute myeloid leukemia have recently been identified, such as those caused by mutations in GATA2, ETV6, SRP72, and SAMD9/SAMD9-L Refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) is the most frequent pediatric MDS variant, and it has specific histopathologic features. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for many children with MDSs and is routinely offered to all patients with MDS with excess of blasts, to those with MDS secondary to previously administered chemoradiotherapy, and to those with RCC associated with monosomy 7, complex karyotype, severe neutropenia, or transfusion dependence. Immune-suppressive therapy may be a treatment option for RCC patients with hypocellular bone marrow and the absence of monosomy 7 or a complex karyotype, although the response rate is lower than that observed in severe aplastic anemia, and a relevant proportion of these patients will subsequently need HSCT for either nonresponse or relapse.
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114
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de Swart L, Smith A, Haase D, Fenaux P, Symeonidis A, Cermak J, Sanz G, Stauder R, Mittelman M, Hellström-Lindberg E, Malcovati L, Langemeijer S, Skov-Holm M, Mądry K, Germing U, Almeida AM, Tatic A, Savic A, Šimec NG, van Marrewijk C, Guerci-Bresler A, Sanhes L, Luño E, Culligan D, Beyne-Rauzy O, Burgstaller S, Blijlevens N, Bowen D, de Witte T. Prognostic impact of a suboptimal number of analyzed metaphases in normal karyotype lower-risk MDS. Leuk Res 2018; 67:21-26. [PMID: 29407183 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional karyotype is one of the most relevant prognostic factors in MDS. However, about 50% of patients with MDS have a normal karyotype. Usually, 20-25 normal metaphases (nMP) are considered to be optimal to exclude small abnormal clones which might be associated with poor prognosis. This study evaluated the impact of examining a suboptimal number of metaphases in patients recruited to the EUMDS Registry with low and intermediate-1 risk according to IPSS. Only 179/1049 (17%) of patients with a normal karyotype had a suboptimal number of nMP, defined as less than 20 metaphases analyzed. The outcome (overall survival and progression-free survival) of patients with suboptimal nMP was not inferior to those with higher numbers of analyzed MP both in univariate and multivariate analyses. For patients with an abnormal karyotype, 224/649 (35%) had a suboptimal number of MP assessed, but this did not impact on outcome. For patients with a normal karyotype and suboptimal numbers of analyzable metaphases standard evaluation might be acceptable for general practice, but we recommend additional FISH-analyses or molecular techniques, especially in candidates for intensive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise de Swart
- Dep. of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Smith
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Detlef Haase
- Dep. of Haematology and Oncology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Dep. of Medicine, Div. Hematology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Jaroslav Cermak
- Dep. of Clinical Hematology, Inst. of Hematology & Blood Transfusion, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Guillermo Sanz
- Dep. of Haematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reinhard Stauder
- Dep. of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moshe Mittelman
- Dep. of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center and Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Luca Malcovati
- Dep. of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saskia Langemeijer
- Dep. of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Skov-Holm
- Dep. of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Mądry
- Dep. of Haematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Warszawa Medical University, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Dep. of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinik Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Medina Almeida
- Serviço de Hematologia - Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aurelia Tatic
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Clinic of Hematology - Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Njetočka Gredelj Šimec
- Dep. of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Corine van Marrewijk
- Dep. of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Guerci-Bresler
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universtaire Brabois Vandoeuvre, Nancy, France
| | - Laurence Sanhes
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Elisa Luño
- Servicio d'Hematología, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dominic Culligan
- Dep. of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Odile Beyne-Rauzy
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonja Burgstaller
- Dep. of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Nicole Blijlevens
- Dep. of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Bowen
- St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Theo de Witte
- Dep. of Tumor Immunology - Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Montalban-Bravo G, Garcia-Manero G. Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:129-147. [PMID: 29214694 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry or molecular genetics is usually complementary and may help refine diagnosis. RISK-STRATIFICATION Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is probably the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). IPSS is now replaced by the revised IPSS-R score. Although not systematically incorporated into new validated prognostic systems, somatic mutations can help define prognosis and should be considered as new prognostic factors. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts and cytogenetic and mutational profiles. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5-azacitidine and decitabine have activity in both lower and higher-risk MDS. 5-azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation. MANAGEMENT OF PROGRESSIVE OR REFRACTORY DISEASE At the present time there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include participation in a clinical trial or cytarabine based therapy and stem cell transplantation.
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Bartels S, Schipper E, Hasemeier B, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. Routine clinical mutation profiling using next generation sequencing and a customized gene panel improves diagnostic precision in myeloid neoplasms. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30084-93. [PMID: 27029036 PMCID: PMC5058665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microscopic examination of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) may be challenging because morphological features can overlap with those of reactive states. Demonstration of clonal hematopoiesis provides a diagnostic clue and has become possible by comprehensive mutation profiling of a number of frequently mutated genes, some of them with large coding regions. To emphasize the potential benefit of NGS in hematopathology we present sequencing results from routinely processed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bone marrow trephines (n = 192). A customized amplicon-based gene panel including 23 genes frequently mutated in myeloid neoplasms was established and implemented. Thereby, 629,691 reads per sample (range 179,847–1,460,412) and a mean coverage of 2,702 (range 707–6,327) could be obtained, which are sufficient for comprehensive mutational profiling. Seven samples failed in sequencing (3.6%). In 185 samples we found in total 269 pathogenic variants (mean 1.4 variants per patient, range 0-5), 125 Patients exhibit at least one pathogenic mutation (67.6%). Variants show allele frequencies ranging from 6.7% up to 95.7%. Most frequently mutated genes were TET2 (28.7%), SRSF2 (19.5%), ASXL1 (8.6%) and U2AF1 (8.1%). The mutation profiling increases the diagnostic precision and adds prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bartels
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Schipper
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Hasemeier
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Haider M, Duncavage EJ, Afaneh KF, Bejar R, List AF. New Insight Into the Biology, Risk Stratification, and Targeted Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:480-494. [PMID: 28561687 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), somatic mutations occur in five major categories: RNA splicing, DNA methylation, activated cell signaling, myeloid transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers. Although many MDS cases harbor more than one somatic mutation, in general, there is mutual exclusivity of mutated genes within a class. In addition to the prognostic significance of individual somatic mutations, more somatic mutations in MDS have been associated with poor prognosis. Prognostic assessment remains a critical component of the personalization of care for patient with MDS because treatment is highly risk adapted. Multiple methods for risk stratification are available with the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), currently considered the gold standard. Increasing access to myeloid gene panels and greater evidence for the diagnostic and predictive value of somatic mutations will soon make sequencing part of the standard evaluation of patients with MDS. In the absence of formal guidelines for their prognostic use, well-validated mutations can still refine estimates of risk made with the IPSS-R. Not only are somatic gene mutations advantageous in understanding the biology of MDS and prognosis, they also offer potential as biomarkers and targets for the treatment of patients with MDS. Examples include deletion 5q, spliceosome complex gene mutations, and TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintallah Haider
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA; Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Eric J Duncavage
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA; Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Khalid F Afaneh
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA; Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Rafael Bejar
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA; Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Alan F List
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA; Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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119
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Schuler E, Frank F, Hildebrandt B, Betz B, Strupp C, Rudelius M, Aul C, Schroeder T, Gattermann N, Haas R, Germing U. Myelodysplastic syndromes without peripheral monocytosis but with evidence of marrow monocytosis share clinical and molecular characteristics with CMML. Leuk Res 2017; 65:1-4. [PMID: 29216536 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MDS patients may present with monocytic marrow proliferation not fulfilling criteria for CMML. We analyzed MDS patients with or without a marrow monocytic proliferation by following up the amount of monocytic proliferation and characterizing their molecular profile. 315 MDS patients of Duesseldorf MDS registry were divided into two groups: A) 183 patients with monocytic esterase positive cells in marrow and monocytes between 101 and 900/μl in blood and B) 132 patients without monocytic esterase positive cells in marrow and monocytes in blood ≤100/μl. Twenty patients of each group were screened with regard to ASXL1, TET2, RUNX1, SETBP1, NRAS, and SRSF2 using Illumina myeloid panel. Group A patients were older, had significantly higher WBC, hemoglobin levels, neutrophils and platelets. CMML evolution rates were 4.9% and 1.5%, respectively (p=n.s.). TET2, NRAS and SRFS2 mutation frequencies were higher in group A and four patients had coexisting TET2 and SRFS2 mutation, which was shown to be characteristic but not specific for CMML. MDS patients with marrow monocytic proliferation have a more CMML-like pheno- and genotype and develop CMML more often. Those patients could potentially be very early stages of CMML or represent a CMML-like myeloid neoplasma with marrow adherence of the monocytic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schuler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - F Frank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - B Hildebrandt
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - B Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Strupp
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Aul
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Hospital Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - N Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - U Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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ASXL1 frameshift mutations drive inferior outcomes in CMML without negative impact in MDS. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:633. [PMID: 29176559 PMCID: PMC5802523 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-017-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Petrova-Drus K, Chiu A, Margolskee E, Barouk-Fox S, Geyer J, Dogan A, Orazi A. Bone marrow fibrosis in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is associated with increased megakaryopoiesis, splenomegaly and with a shorter median time to disease progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103274-103282. [PMID: 29262560 PMCID: PMC5732726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis is an adverse prognostic marker in several myeloid neoplasms, particularly in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with fibrosis; however, its significance in chronic myelomonoctyic leukemia (CMML) has not been evaluated. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological features of CMML with and without BM fibrosis. The study included specimens from a total of 83 untreated CMML patients from 2 large institutions. Patients with any amount of BM fibrosis (MF-1 or higher; MF1+) had significantly shorter progression-free survival (MF1+, 28.3 months vs MF0, not reached; p = 0.001, log rank test), splenomegaly (p = 0.016), and increased BM megakaryocytes (p = 0.04) compared to patients without BM fibrosis (MF-0). No association was observed between fibrosis and peripheral blood parameters, presence of JAK2 V617F mutation, BM blasts, or overall survival. Our study demonstrates the importance of assessing BM fibrosis in CMML. Similar to MDS, the presence of BM fibrosis may identify a distinct subgroup of CMML patients (CMML-F) with a more aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Petrova-Drus
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - April Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Margolskee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Barouk-Fox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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122
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Pak2 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell development in mice. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1923-1933. [PMID: 29296839 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are CD11b+Gr1+ cells that induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness, thus impairing antitumor immunity. We have previously reported that disruption of Pak2, a member of the p21-activated kinases (Paks), in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) induces myeloid lineage skewing and expansion of CD11bhighGr1high cells in mice. In this study, we confirmed that Pak2-KO CD11bhighGr1high cells suppressed T-cell proliferation, consistent with an MDSC phenotype. Loss of Pak2 function in HSPCs led to (1) increased hematopoietic progenitor cell sensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, (2) increased MDSC proliferation, (3) decreased MDSC sensitivity to both intrinsic and Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis, and (4) promotion of MDSCs by Pak2-deficient CD4+ T cells that produced more interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and GM-CSF. Pak2 disruption activated STAT5 while downregulating the expression of IRF8, a well-described myeloid transcription factor. Together, our data reveal a previously unrecognized role of Pak2 in regulating MDSC development via both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Our findings have potential translational implications, as the efficacy of targeting Paks in cancer therapeutics may be undermined by tumor escape from immune control and/or acceleration of tumorigenesis through MDSC expansion.
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124
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Moyo TK, Savona MR. Molecular Testing in Patients with Suspected Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:441-448. [PMID: 27734261 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematologic malignancies characterized by a hypercellular bone marrow and morphologic dysplasia in one or more lineage (i.e., myeloid, erythroid, or megakaryocytic), presenting clinically with leukopenia, anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia and with a propensity to transform to acute myelogenous leukemia. Newer technologies such as next-generation sequencing have allowed better understanding of the genetic landscape in MDS. Nearly 80 % of MDS patients have at least one mutation, and approximately 40 recurrent somatic mutations have been identified to occur in >1 % of cases. Many of these mutations are relevant for prognosis, help with selection of therapy, and/or have specific targeted treatment options. In this article, we will explore the impact of molecular testing on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions in patients with suspected MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Moyo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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125
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of complex genetic alterations that drive disease pathogenesis and outcome. Several prognostic models have been developed over the last two decades to risk stratify patients with MDS. These models mainly used clinical variables including blast percentage, cytopenias, cytogenetics, transfusion dependency, and age. Recently, somatic mutations in specific genes have been shown to impact overall survival in MDS and can be incorporated into established prognostic models to improve their predictive abilities. Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of established prognostic models in MDS and the impact of emerging data regarding the incorporation of somatic mutations in risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Nazha
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk R35 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Mikkael A Sekeres
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk R35 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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126
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The evolving role of genomic testing in assessing prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2017; 30:295-300. [PMID: 29156198 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The introduction into routine hematology-oncology clinical practice of molecular genetic testing assays based on next-generation sequencing platforms is prompting reassessment of the importance of molecular assay results in comparison to existing disease-specific risk stratification tools based on clinical assessment and light microscopy. For patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the most commonly used tools for prognostication currently include the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the Revised IPSS (IPSS-R), which are based on marrow blast proportion, number and degree of cytopenias, and the metaphase karyotype. Integration of DNA sequencing data into an existing evidence-based practice approach inclusive of the IPSS or IPSS-R may be challenging, but the additional information provided by molecular genetic testing clearly can influence clinical decisions, such as determining patients' eligibility for clinical trials of novel targeted agents or helping assess which patients should be referred for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This review discusses the prognostic and predictive value of mutation testing in the context of current clinical care of patients with MDS.
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127
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Cargo C, Bowen D. Individual risk assessment in MDS in the era of genomic medicine. Semin Hematol 2017; 54:133-140. [PMID: 28958286 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of risk for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes has evolved from pure morphological bone marrow assessment to a series of validated prognostic scoring systems whose 'risk' assessment is of death (overall survival) or disease progression (AML transformation). The revised International Prognostic Scoring System (2012) improved the precision for prognosis but did not consider patient-specific factors such as comorbidity and performance status, which have a clear impact on outcome, particularly in lower-risk MDS. The improved understanding of MDS biology predominantly through genomic mutational analysis, flow cytometry and gene expression profiling poses a question regarding incorporation of these parameters into the existing scoring systems. Although some gene mutations have clear prognostic significance (e.g. SF3B1, TP53), there is no definitive and reproducible evidence that this additional knowledge will change management. Although incorporation of some of these novel data into risk assessment may be imminent, the IPSS-R remains the gold standard tool for everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cargo
- Haematological Malignancies Diagnostic Service and Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Beckett Street, Leeds UK
| | - David Bowen
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Beckett Street, Leeds UK
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Shaver AC, Seegmiller AC. Nuances of Morphology in Myelodysplastic Diseases in the Age of Molecular Diagnostics. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 12:448-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-017-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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129
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Thota S, Gerds AT. Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms: updates on the overlap syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:803-812. [PMID: 28771058 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1357179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) is a rare and distinct group of myeloid neoplasms with overlapping MDS and MPN features. Next generation sequencing studies have led to an improved understanding of MDS/MPN disease biology by identifying recurrent somatic mutations. Combining the molecular findings to patho-morphologic features has improved the precision of diagnosis and prognostic models in MDS/MPN. We discuss and highlight these updates in MDS/MPN nomenclature and diagnostic criteria per revised 2016 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms in this article. There is an ongoing effort for data integration allowing for comprehensive genomic characterization, development of improved prognostic tools, and investigation for novel therapies using an international front specific for MDS/MPN. In this article, we discuss updates in prognostic models and current state of treatment for MDS/MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Thota
- a Leukemia and Myeloid Disorders Program , Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- a Leukemia and Myeloid Disorders Program , Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
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130
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Wang-Rodriguez J, Yunes A, Phan R, Ma N, Baddoura F, Mosse C, Kim AS, Lu CM, Dong DZM, Schichman S, Icardi M, Ehsan A. The Challenges of Precision Medicine and New Advances in Molecular Diagnostic Testing in Hematolymphoid Malignancies: Impact on the VHA. Fed Pract 2017; 34:S50-S61. [PMID: 30766310 PMCID: PMC6375472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hematopathology Molecular Genetics subcommittee presents recommendations for molecular diagnostic testing in acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome, and lymphomas and for the development of an interfacility consultation service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Andrea Yunes
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Ryan Phan
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Naili Ma
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Fady Baddoura
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Claudio Mosse
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Annette S Kim
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Chuanyi Mark Lu
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - David Zhao Ming Dong
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Steven Schichman
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Michael Icardi
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
| | - Aamir Ehsan
- is the chief of pathology at VISN 22 Consolidated Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, and is the director of Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System in California. is a staff hematopathologist, and is the chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, both at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System in San Antonio. is a staff pathologist at the Syracuse VAMC in New York. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Orlando VAMC in Florida. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville. is a staff hematopathologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the San Francisco VA Health Care System in California. is director of Hematopathology at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, Washington. is chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System in Little Rock. is the VA national director of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services
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Kanagal-Shamanna R, Hidalgo Lopez JE, Milton DR, Kim HR, Zhao C, Zuo Z, Janania Martinez M, Stingo F, Lee J, Luthra R, Jabbour EJ, Garcia-Manero G, Medeiros LJ, Bueso-Ramos CE. Validation of the 2016 revisions to the WHO classification in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:E168-E171. [PMID: 28456995 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | | | - Denái R. Milton
- Department of Biostatistics; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | | | - Francesco Stingo
- Department of Statistics; Computer Science, Applications, The University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - John Lee
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Elias J. Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | | | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
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132
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Wein L, Loi S. Mechanisms of resistance of chemotherapy in early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Breast 2017; 34 Suppl 1:S27-S30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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133
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Maes B, Willemse J, Broekmans A, Smets R, Cruys B, Put N, Madoe V, Janssen M, Soepenberg O, Bries G, Vrelust I, Achten R, Van Pelt K, Buvé K, Theunissen K, Peeters V, Froyen G. Targeted next-generation sequencing using a multigene panel in myeloid neoplasms: Implementation in clinical diagnostics. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39:604-612. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Maes
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - J. Willemse
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology; AZ Turnhout; Turnhout Belgium
| | - A. Broekmans
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - R. Smets
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - B. Cruys
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - N. Put
- Department of Hematology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - V. Madoe
- Department of Hematology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - M. Janssen
- Department of Hematology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Genk Belgium
| | - O. Soepenberg
- Department of Hematology; Mariaziekenhuis Noord-Limburg; Overpelt Belgium
| | - G. Bries
- Department of Hematology; AZ Turnhout; Turnhout Belgium
| | - I. Vrelust
- Department of Hematology; AZ Turnhout; Turnhout Belgium
| | - R. Achten
- Department of Pathology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - K. Van Pelt
- Department of Clinical Biology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Genk Belgium
| | - K. Buvé
- Department of Hematology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - K. Theunissen
- Department of Hematology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - V. Peeters
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
| | - G. Froyen
- Department of Clinical Biology; Jessa Ziekenhuis; Hasselt Belgium
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134
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Malcovati L, Gallì A, Travaglino E, Ambaglio I, Rizzo E, Molteni E, Elena C, Ferretti VV, Catricalà S, Bono E, Todisco G, Bianchessi A, Rumi E, Zibellini S, Pietra D, Boveri E, Camaschella C, Toniolo D, Papaemmanuil E, Ogawa S, Cazzola M. Clinical significance of somatic mutation in unexplained blood cytopenia. Blood 2017; 129:3371-3378. [PMID: 28424163 PMCID: PMC5542849 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-763425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexplained blood cytopenias, in particular anemia, are often found in older persons. The relationship between these cytopenias and myeloid neoplasms like myelodysplastic syndromes is currently poorly defined. We studied a prospective cohort of patients with unexplained cytopenia with the aim to estimate the predictive value of somatic mutations for identifying subjects with, or at risk of, developing a myeloid neoplasm. The study included a learning cohort of 683 consecutive patients investigated for unexplained cytopenia, and a validation cohort of 190 patients referred for suspected myeloid neoplasm. Using granulocyte DNA, we looked for somatic mutations in 40 genes that are recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies. Overall, 435/683 patients carried a somatic mutation in at least 1 of these genes. Carrying a somatic mutation with a variant allele frequency ≥0.10, or carrying 2 or more mutations, had a positive predictive value for diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm equal to 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. Spliceosome gene mutations and comutation patterns involving TET2, DNMT3A, or ASXL1 had positive predictive values for myeloid neoplasm ranging from 0.86 to 1.0. Within subjects with inconclusive diagnostic findings, carrying 1 or more somatic mutations was associated with a high probability of developing a myeloid neoplasm during follow-up (hazard ratio = 13.9, P < .001). The predictive values of mutation analysis were confirmed in the independent validation cohort. The findings of this study indicate that mutation analysis on peripheral blood granulocytes may significantly improve the current diagnostic approach to unexplained cytopenia and more generally the diagnostic accuracy of myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Malcovati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Gallì
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Travaglino
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambaglio
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Elena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Catricalà
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Todisco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchessi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zibellini
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Camaschella
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Center for Molecular Oncology and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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135
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The relative utilities of genome-wide, gene panel, and individual gene sequencing in clinical practice. Blood 2017; 130:433-439. [PMID: 28600338 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-734533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology that have transpired over the past 2 decades have enabled the analysis of cancer samples for genomic alterations to understand their biologic function and to translate that knowledge into clinical practice. With the power to analyze entire genomes in a clinically relevant time frame and with manageable costs comes the question of whether we ought to and when. This review focuses on the relative merits of 3 approaches to molecular diagnostics in hematologic malignancies: indication-specific single gene assays, gene panel assays that test for genes selected for their roles in cancer, and genome-wide assays that broadly analyze the tumor exomes or genomes. After addressing these in general terms, we review specific use cases in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies to highlight the utility of single gene testing and/or larger panels.
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Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic malignancy that may deserve specific management. Defined by a persistent peripheral blood monocytosis ≥1 × 109/L and monocytes accounting for ≥10% of the white blood cells, this aging-associated disease combines cell proliferation as a consequence of myeloid progenitor hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with myeloid cell dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis. The only curative option for CMML remains allogeneic stem cell transplantation. When transplantation is excluded, CMML is stratified into myelodysplastic (white blood cell count <13 × 109/L) and proliferative (white blood cell count ≥13 × 109/L) CMML. In the absence of poor prognostic factors, the management of myelodysplastic CMML is largely inspired from myelodysplastic syndromes, relying on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents to cope with anemia, and careful monitoring and supportive care, whereas the management of proliferative CMML usually relies on cytoreductive agents such as hydroxyurea, although ongoing studies will help delineate the role of hypomethylating agents in this patient population. In the presence of excessive blasts and other poor prognostic factors, hypomethylating agents are the preferred option, even though their impact on leukemic transformation and survival has not been proved. The therapeutic choice is illustrated by 4 clinical situations among the most commonly seen. Although current therapeutic options can improve patient's quality of life, they barely modify disease evolution. Improved understanding of CMML pathophysiology will hopefully lead to the exploration of novel targets that potentially would be curative.
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137
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Genomic determinants of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2815-2823. [PMID: 28555081 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The biology, clinical phenotype and progression rate of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) are highly variable due to diverse initiating and secondary clonal genetic events. To determine the effects of molecular features including clonal hierarchy in CMML, we studied whole-exome and targeted next-generation sequencing data from 150 patients with robust clinical and molecular annotation assessed cross-sectionally and at serial time points of disease evolution. To identify molecular lesions unique to CMML, we compared it to the related myeloid neoplasms (N=586), including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and primary monocytic acute myeloid leukemia and discerned distinct molecular profiles despite similar pathomorphological features. Within CMML, mutations in certain pathways correlated with clinical classification, for example, proliferative vs dysplastic features. While most CMML patients (59%) had ancestral (dominant/co-dominant) mutations involving TET2, SRSF2 or ASXL1 genes, secondary subclonal hierarchy correlated with clinical phenotypes or outcomes. For example, progression was associated with acquisition of new expanding clones carrying biallelic TET2 mutations or RAS family, or spliceosomal gene mutations. In contrast, dysplastic features correlated with mutations usually encountered in MDS (for example, SF3B1 and U2AF1). Classification of CMML based on hierarchies of ancestral and subclonal mutational events may correlate strongly with clinical features and prognosis.
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138
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Abstract
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia is a chronic myeloid neoplasm occurring mostly in the elderly with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) characterized by chronic monocytosis. Recent progresses in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of CMML have stirred a renewed interest in this clinically heterogeneous disorder. Here, we review the recent progresses in the biology of CMML and how it affects its current and future clinical management.
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139
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Stahl M, Zeidan AM. Management of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes without del5q: current approach and future trends. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:345-364. [PMID: 28277851 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1297704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by progressive bone marrow failure manifesting as blood cytopenia and a variable risk of progression into acute myeloid leukemia. MDS is heterogeneous in biology and clinical behavior. MDS are generally divided into lower-risk (LR) and higher-risk (HR) MDS. Goals of care in HR-MDS focus on changing the natural history of the disease, whereas in LR-MDS symptom control and quality of life are the main goals. Areas covered: We review the epidemiology, tools of risk assessment, and the available therapeutic modalities for LR-MDS. We discuss the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs), immunosuppressive therapy (IST), lenalidomide and the hypomethylating agents (HMAs). We also discuss the predictors of response, combination treatment modalities, and management of iron overload. Lastly, we overview the most promising investigational agents for LR-MDS. Expert commentary: It remains unclear how to best incorporate a wealth of new genetic and epigenetic prognostic markers into risk assessment tools especially for LR-MDS patients. Only a subset of patients respond to current treatment modalities and most responders eventually lose their response. Once standard therapeutic options fail, management becomes more challenging. Combination-based approaches have been largely unsuccessful. Among the most promising investigational are the TPO agonists, TGF- β pathway inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, and the splicing modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Stahl
- a Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale University and the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- a Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale University and the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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CLK-dependent exon recognition and conjoined gene formation revealed with a novel small molecule inhibitor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28232751 PMCID: PMC5431906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-016-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CDC-like kinase phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins is central to RNA splicing reactions. Yet, the genomic network of CDC-like kinase-dependent RNA processing events remains poorly defined. Here, we explore the connectivity of genomic CDC-like kinase splicing functions by applying graduated, short-exposure, pharmacological CDC-like kinase inhibition using a novel small molecule (T3) with very high potency, selectivity, and cell-based stability. Using RNA-Seq, we define CDC-like kinase-responsive alternative splicing events, the large majority of which monotonically increase or decrease with increasing CDC-like kinase inhibition. We show that distinct RNA-binding motifs are associated with T3 response in skipped exons. Unexpectedly, we observe dose-dependent conjoined gene transcription, which is associated with motif enrichment in the last and second exons of upstream and downstream partners, respectively. siRNA knockdown of CLK2-associated genes significantly increases conjoined gene formation. Collectively, our results reveal an unexpected role for CDC-like kinase in conjoined gene formation, via regulation of 3′-end processing and associated splicing factors. The phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins by CDC-like kinase is a central regulatory mechanism for RNA splicing reactions. Here, the authors synthesize a novel small molecule CLK inhibitor and map CLK-responsive alternative splicing events and discover an effect on conjoined gene transcription.
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141
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Kennedy JA, Ebert BL. Clinical Implications of Genetic Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:968-974. [PMID: 28297619 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is clonal disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a tendency to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Genetic studies have enabled the identification of a set of recurrently mutated genes central to the pathogenesis of MDS, which can be organized into a limited number of cellular processes, including RNA splicing, epigenetic and traditional transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. The sequential accumulation of mutations drives disease evolution from asymptomatic clonal hematopoiesis to frank MDS, and, ultimately, to secondary AML. This detailed understanding of the molecular landscape of MDS, coupled with the emergence of cost- and time-effective methodologies for DNA sequencing has led to the introduction of genetic studies into the clinical realm. Here, we review recent advances in our genetic understanding of MDS, with a particular focus on the emerging role for mutational data in clinical management as a potential tool to assist in diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Kennedy
- James A. Kennedy, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; James A. Kennedy and Benjamin L. Ebert, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Benjamin L. Ebert, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- James A. Kennedy, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; James A. Kennedy and Benjamin L. Ebert, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Benjamin L. Ebert, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Inokura K, Fujiwara T, Saito K, Iino T, Hatta S, Okitsu Y, Fukuhara N, Onishi Y, Ishizawa K, Shimoda K, Harigae H. Impact of TET2 deficiency on iron metabolism in erythroblasts. Exp Hematol 2017; 49:56-67.e5. [PMID: 28167288 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts (RSs), which are caused by iron accumulation in the mitochondria of erythroblasts and are present in both the acquired and congenital forms of the disease. However, the mechanism leading to RS formation remains elusive. Acquired sideroblastic anemia is usually observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Because a subset of MDS harbors a somatic mutation of TET2, it may be involved in iron metabolism and/or heme biosynthesis in erythroblasts. Tet2 knockdown (Tet2trap) induced exhibited mild normocytic anemia and elevated serum ferritin levels in 4-month-old mice. Although typical RSs were not observed, increased mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT) amounts were observed in the erythroblasts of Tet2-knockdown mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated significant dysregulation of genes involved in iron and heme metabolism, including Hmox1, Fech, Abcb7, and Sf3b1 downregulation. After the identification of a cytosine-guanine island in the promoters of Fech, Abcb7, and Sf3b1, we evaluated DNA methylation status and found significantly higher methylation levels at the CpG sites in the erythroblasts of Tet2-knockdown mice. Furthermore, Tet2 knockdown in erythroblasts resulted in decreased heme concentration and accumulation of FTMT. Therefore, TET2 plays a role in the iron and heme metabolism in erythroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Inokura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan; Department of Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iino
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hatta
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Okitsu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Onishi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan; Department of Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan.
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143
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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a shared clonal origin. Leukemia 2017; 31:1238-1240. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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144
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Decitabine priming prior to low-dose chemotherapy improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes-RAEB: a retrospective analysis vs. chemotherapy alone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:873-882. [PMID: 28108816 PMCID: PMC5384967 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine whether decitabine priming prior to low-dose chemotherapeutic regimens could improve outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes—refractory anemia with excess of blasts (MDS-RAEB). Methods The current retrospective analysis included all MDS-RAEB patients receiving idarubicin/cytarabine (IA) or aclacinomycin/cytarabine (AA), with or without decitabine priming during a period from February 2010 to May 2015. Treatment response and toxicity were compared between patients receiving decitabine priming and those who did not. A panel of 6 MDS-related genes was examined using bone marrow specimens. Results A total of 81 patients were included in the analysis: 40 received decitabine priming prior to chemotherapy (decitabine priming group). The median follow-up was 10.9 months (IQR: 6.2–21.9). The rate of overall response (OR) and complete remission (CR) was significantly higher in the decitabine priming group than in the chemotherapy group (OR: 75.0 vs. 51.2%, p = 0.027; CR: 55.0 vs. 29.3%, p = 0.019). Overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the two groups (19.5 vs. 14.7 months, p = 0.082). In a subgroup analysis that included only patients at < 60 years of age, the CR rate in the decitabine priming group was significantly higher than in the chemotherapy group (65.5 vs. 31.0%, p = 0.009). Survival benefit of decitabine priming was apparent in patients at < 60 years of age (22.4 months with 95% CI of 6.7–38.1 vs. 14.7 months with 95% CI of 11.4–18.0 months in the chemotherapy group, p = 0.028), patients with intermediate and unfavorable karyotypes (22.4 months with 95% CI of 15.1–29.7 vs. 11.9 months with 95% CI of 4.0–19.8 months in the chemotherapy group, p = 0.042), and patients with mutated splicing factor genes (35.3 months with 95% CI of 21.4–49.2 vs. 17.8 months with 95% CI of 13.8–21.8 months in the chemotherapy group, p = 0.039). Grade 3–4 hematological and non-hematological toxicities were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Decitabine priming prior to low-dose chemotherapy could improve treatment responses in patients with MDS-RAEB.
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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for MDS and CMML: recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood 2017; 129:1753-1762. [PMID: 28096091 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An international expert panel, active within the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European LeukemiaNet, Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trial Group, and the International Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation developed recommendations for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Disease risks scored according to the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) and presence of comorbidity graded according to the HCT Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) were recognized as relevant clinical variables for HSCT eligibility. Fit patients with higher-risk IPSS-R and those with lower-risk IPSS-R with poor-risk genetic features, profound cytopenias, and high transfusion burden are candidates for HSCT. Patients with a very high MDS transplantation risk score, based on combination of advanced age, high HCT-CI, very poor-risk cytogenetic and molecular features, and high IPSS-R score have a low chance of cure with standard HSCT and consideration should be given to treating these patients in investigational studies. Cytoreductive therapy prior to HSCT is advised for patients with ≥10% bone marrow myeloblasts. Evidence from prospective randomized clinical trials does not provide support for specific recommendations on the optimal high intensity conditioning regimen. For patients with contraindications to high-intensity preparative regimens, reduced intensity conditioning should be considered. Optimal timing of HSCT requires careful evaluation of the available effective nontransplant strategies. Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) strategies are recommended in patients at high risk of relapse after HSCT. Immune modulation by DLI strategies or second HSCT is advised if relapse occurs beyond 6 months after HSCT.
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146
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Splicing factor gene mutations in hematologic malignancies. Blood 2016; 129:1260-1269. [PMID: 27940478 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-692400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates a diversity of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts from a single mRNA precursor and contributes to the complexity of our proteome. Splicing is perturbed by a variety of mechanisms in cancer. Recurrent mutations in splicing factors have emerged as a hallmark of several hematologic malignancies. Splicing factor mutations tend to occur in the founding clone of myeloid cancers, and these mutations have recently been identified in blood cells from normal, healthy elderly individuals with clonal hematopoiesis who are at increased risk of subsequently developing a hematopoietic malignancy, suggesting that these mutations contribute to disease initiation. Splicing factor mutations change the pattern of splicing in primary patient and mouse hematopoietic cells and alter hematopoietic differentiation and maturation in animal models. Recent developments in this field are reviewed here, with an emphasis on the clinical consequences of splicing factor mutations, mechanistic insights from animal models, and implications for development of novel therapies targeting the precursor mRNA splicing pathway.
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147
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Pastor V, Hirabayashi S, Karow A, Wehrle J, Kozyra EJ, Nienhold R, Ruzaike G, Lebrecht D, Yoshimi A, Niewisch M, Ripperger T, Göhring G, Baumann I, Schwarz S, Strahm B, Flotho C, Skoda RC, Niemeyer CM, Wlodarski MW. Mutational landscape in children with myelodysplastic syndromes is distinct from adults: specific somatic drivers and novel germline variants. Leukemia 2016; 31:759-762. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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148
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When clinical heterogeneity exceeds genetic heterogeneity: thinking outside the genomic box in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:2381-2387. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-692988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Exome sequencing studies in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) illustrate a mutational landscape characterized by few somatic mutations involving a subset of recurrent gene mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, and TET2, each approaching 40% in incidence. This has led to the clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing panels that effectively identify clonal monocytosis and complement clinical prognostic scoring systems in most patients. However, most murine models based on single gene mutations fail to recapitulate the CMML phenotype, and many gene mutations are loss of function, making the identification of traditional therapeutic vulnerabilities challenging. Further, as a subtype of the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, CMML has a complex clinical heterogeneity not reflected by the mutational landscape. In this review, we will discuss the discordance between mutational homogeneity and clinical complexity and highlight novel genomic and nongenomic approaches that offer insight into the underlying clinical characteristics of CMML.
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149
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Magotra M, Sakhdari A, Lee PJ, Tomaszewicz K, Dresser K, Hutchinson LM, Woda BA, Chen BJ. Immunohistochemical loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: relationship to somatic gene mutations affecting epigenetic pathways. Histopathology 2016; 69:1055-1065. [PMID: 27458708 DOI: 10.1111/his.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Genes affecting epigenetic pathways are frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The genes encoding TET2, IDH1 and IDH2 are among the most commonly mutated genes, and cause defective conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), impairing demethylation of DNA, and presumably serving as driver mutations in leukaemogenesis. The aim of this study was to correlate 5hmC immunohistochemical loss with the mutation status of genes involved in epigenetic pathways in AML. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-5hmC antibody was performed on 41 decalcified, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bone marrow biopsies from patients with AML. Archived DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing for analysis of a panel of genes, including TET2, IDH1, IDH2, WT1 and DNMT3A. TET2, IDH1, IDH2, WT1 and DNMT3A mutations were found in 46% (19/41) of the cases. Ten of 15 cases (67%) with TET2, IDH1, IDH2 or WT1 mutations showed deficient 5hmC staining, whereas nine of 26 cases (35%) without a mutation in these genes showed loss of 5hmC. It is of note that all four cases with TET2 mutations showed deficient 5hmC staining. CONCLUSIONS Overall, somatic mutations in TET2, IDH1, IDH2, WT1 and DNMT3A were common in our cohort of AML cases. Immunohistochemical staining for 5hmC was lost in the majority of cases harbouring mutations in these genes, reflecting the proposed relationship between dysfunctional epigenetic pathways and leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Magotra
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ali Sakhdari
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Keith Tomaszewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Karen Dresser
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lloyd M Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bruce A Woda
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Abstract
Application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) on myeloid neoplasms has expanded our knowledge of genomic alterations in this group of diseases. Genomic alterations in myeloid neoplasms are complex, heterogeneous, and not specific to a disease entity. NGS-based panel testing of myeloid neoplasms can complement existing diagnostic modalities and is gaining acceptance in the clinics and diagnostic laboratories. Prospective, randomized trials to evaluate the prognostic significance of genomic markers in myeloid neoplasms are under way in academic medical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Kuo
- Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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