101
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Wong AC, Watson SP, Pitroda SP, Son CH, Das LC, Stack ME, Uppal A, Oshima G, Khodarev NN, Salama JK, Weichselbaum RR, Chmura SJ. Clinical and molecular markers of long-term survival after oligometastasis-directed stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Cancer 2016; 122:2242-50. [PMID: 27206146 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of patients for oligometastasis-directed ablative therapy remains a challenge. The authors report on clinical and molecular predictors of survival from a stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) dose-escalation trial for oligometastases. METHODS Patients who had from 1 to 5 metastases, a life expectancy of >3 months, and a Karnofsky performance status of >60 received escalating SBRT doses to all known cancer sites. Time to progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were calculated at the completion of SBRT, and clinical predictors of OS were modeled. Primary tumor microRNA expression was analyzed to identify molecular predictors of OS. RESULTS Sixty-one evaluable patients were enrolled from 2004 to 2009. The median follow-up was 2.3 years for all patients (range, 0.2-9.3 years) and 6.8 years for survivors (range, 2.0-9.3 years). The median, 2-year, and 5-year estimated OS were 2.4 years, 57%, and 32%, respectively. The rate of progression after SBRT was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.82). The time from initial cancer diagnosis to metastasis (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99), the time from metastasis to SBRT (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99), and breast cancer histology (HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07-0.37) were significant predictors of OS. In an exploratory analysis, a candidate classifier using expression levels of 3 microRNAs (miR-23b, miR-449a, and miR-449b) predicted survival among 17 patients who had primary tumor microRNA expression data available. CONCLUSIONS A subset of oligometastatic patients achieves long-term survival after metastasis-directed SBRT. Clinical features and primary tumor microRNA expression profiling, if validated in an independent dataset, may help select oligometastatic patients most likely to benefit from metastasis-directed therapy. Cancer 2016;122:2242-50. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Wong
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sydeaka P Watson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christina H Son
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren C Das
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melinda E Stack
- Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhineet Uppal
- Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Go Oshima
- Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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102
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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103
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Walentek P. Ciliary transcription factors in cancer--how understanding ciliogenesis can promote the detection and prognosis of cancer types. J Pathol 2016; 239:6-9. [PMID: 26880325 DOI: 10.1002/path.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cilia play a plethora of roles in normal development and homeostasis as well as in disease. Their involvement in cell signalling processes and ability to inhibit cell cycle progression make them especially interesting subjects of investigation in the context of tumour formation and malignancy. Several key transcription factors regulate the transcriptional programme in cilia formation and some of these, eg RFX factors and FOXJ1, are implicated in cancer formation. Furthermore, RFX factors and FOXJ1 are increasingly being explored for their potential as markers to diagnose, classify and predict the outcome of cancers in patients, including recent work published in this journal on aggressive ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours. Here, some of the key findings and concepts on the roles of ciliary transcription factors in tumourigenesis are highlighted, and a brief perspective is given on how the investigation of ciliogenesis could contribute valuable tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walentek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genetics Genomics and Development Division and Developmental and Regenerative Biology Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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104
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Qin W, Xie W, Yang X, Xia N, Yang K. Inhibiting microRNA-449 Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Injury in NRK-52E Cells Possibly via Regulating the SIRT1/P53/BAX Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:818-23. [PMID: 26968221 PMCID: PMC4792225 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is quite common in the patients who frequently use the anticancer drug cisplatin. microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful tools in modulating the expression of key factors in disease progression, but little is known about roles of miRNAs in AKI. This study explored the expression and function of miR-449 in cisplatin-induced AKI. Material/Methods Rat renal proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E was used for cisplatin treatment and miR-449 sponge transfection. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis in different cell groups. Protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), acetylated p53, and BCL-associated X protein (BAX) was detected to deduce the possible regulatory mechanism of miR-449. Results Results showed that cisplatin treatment in NRK-52E cells significantly up-regulated miR-449 levels (P<0.05), inhibited cell viability (P<0.05), accelerated cell apoptosis (P<0.05), and changed SIRT1, acetylated p53, and BAX protein levels (P<0.01). However, inhibiting miR-449 by its sponge transfection in cisplatin-treated cells significantly promoted cell viability (P<0.05), suppressed cell apoptosis (P<0.05), elevated SIRT1 expression (P<0.01), and inhibited acetylated p53 and BAX protein levels (P<0.001). Conclusions These results indicate that inhibiting miR-449 allows the attenuation of cisplatin-induced injury in NRK-52E cells, suggesting that miR-449 is a potential target for treating AKI. miR-449 regulates the SIRT1/p53/BAX pathway, which may be its possible mechanism in modulating cell apoptosis of cisplatin-induced AKI. Further verification and a thorough understanding are necessary for targeting miR-449 in AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kunling Yang
- , Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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105
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Zhou K, Xia M, Tang B, Yang D, Liu N, Tang D, Xie H, Wang X, Zhu H, Liu C, Zuo C. Isolation and comparison of mesenchymal stem cell‑like cells derived from human gastric cancer tissues and corresponding ovarian metastases. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1788-94. [PMID: 26718033 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells have been isolated from various types of tumor. It has previously been reported that MSCs are involved in tumorigenesis and its prognosis. The aim of the present study was to isolate and compare MSC-like cells from human gastric cancer (GC) and its metastatic deposits in ovarian tissue. MSC-like cells were isolated from human gastric cancer (hGC-MSCs) and the corresponding ovarian metastatic tissues (hGCOM-MSCs) from 40 patients. The characteristics of hGC-MSCs and hGCOM-MSCs, including their morphology, surface antigens, specific gene expression and differentiation potential, were similar to those of MSCs derived from human bone marrow (hBM-MSCs) but different from GC cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that MSC-like cells could be isolated from GC tissue and its ovarian metastatic tissues. The existence of MSC-like cells in GC tissues and its ovarian metastatic tissues suggests that they may be a potential target for cancer therapy, and provides an experimental foundation for investigating their role in the initiation and progression of ovarian metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Man Xia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Darong Yang
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nianli Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Dihong Tang
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610‑0275, USA
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Bettencourt P, Pires D, Anes E. Immunomodulating microRNAs of mycobacterial infections. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 97:1-7. [PMID: 26980489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by sequence-specific binding to target mRNAs. Some microRNAs block translation, while others promote mRNA degradation, leading to a reduction in protein availability. A single miRNA can potentially regulate the expression of multiple genes and their encoded proteins. Therefore, miRNAs can influence molecular signalling pathways and regulate many biological processes in health and disease. Upon infection, host cells rapidly change their transcriptional programs, including miRNA expression, as a response against the invading microorganism. Not surprisingly, pathogens can also alter the host miRNA profile to their own benefit, which is of major importance to scientists addressing high morbidity and mortality infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In this review, we present recent findings on the miRNAs regulation of the host response against mycobacterial infections, providing new insights into host-pathogen interactions. Understanding these findings and its implications could reveal new opportunities for designing better diagnostic tools, therapies and more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - David Pires
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Anes
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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107
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Yan C, Yu J, Kang W, Liu Y, Ma Z, Zhou L. miR-935 suppresses gastric signet ring cell carcinoma tumorigenesis by targeting Notch1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 470:68-74. [PMID: 26742429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC) is a unique pathological type of gastric carcinoma that is extremely invasive and has a poor prognosis. Expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been closely linked to the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer and has been considered as a powerful prognostic marker. The function of miR-935 has never been reported in cancer before. We found, using microRNA array, that expression of miR-935 in GSRCC cell lines is lower than in non-GSRCC cell lines, and enhanced expression of miR-935 in GSRCC cell-lines inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We also identified Notch1 as a direct target of miR-935. Knockdown of Notch1 reduced proliferation, migration/invasion of GSRCC cells, and overexpression Notch1's activated form (Notch intracellular domain) could rescue miR-935's tumor suppressive effect on GSRCC. Expression of miR-935 was lower in gastric carcinoma tissue than in paired normal tissue samples, and lower in GSRCC than in non-GSRCC. Our results demonstrate the inverse correlation between the expression of miR-935 and Notch1 in gastric tissues. We conclude that miR-935 inhibits gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting Notch1, suggesting potential applications of the miR-935-Notch1 pathway in gastric cancer clinical diagnosis and therapeutics, especially in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Weiming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Cell Culture Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Vijayakumaran R, Tan KH, Miranda PJ, Haupt S, Haupt Y. Regulation of Mutant p53 Protein Expression. Front Oncol 2015; 5:284. [PMID: 26734569 PMCID: PMC4681805 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, p53 has been detected in cancer biopsies by virtue of its high protein expression level which is considered indicative of mutation. Surprisingly, however, mouse genetic studies revealed that mutant p53 is inherently labile, similar to its wild type (wt) counterpart. Consistently, in response to stress conditions, both wt and mutant p53 accumulate in cells. While wt p53 returns to basal level following recovery from stress, mutant p53 remains stable. In part, this can be explained in mutant p53-expressing cells by the lack of an auto-regulatory loop with Mdm2 and other negative regulators, which are pivotal for wt p53 regulation. Further, additional protective mechanisms are acquired by mutant p53, largely mediated by the co-chaperones and their paralogs, the stress-induced heat shock proteins. Consequently, mutant p53 is accumulated in cancer cells in response to chronic stress and this accumulation is critical for its oncogenic gain of functions (GOF). Building on the extensive knowledge regarding wt p53, the regulation of mutant p53 is unraveling. In this review, we describe the current understanding on the major levels at which mutant p53 is regulated. These include the regulation of p53 protein levels by microRNA and by enzymes controlling p53 proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Kah Hin Tan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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109
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Adams BD, Parsons C, Slack FJ. The tumor-suppressive and potential therapeutic functions of miR-34a in epithelial carcinomas. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:737-53. [PMID: 26652031 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many RNA species have been identified as important players in the development of chronic diseases including cancer. Certain classes of regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated in such detail that bona fide tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs have been identified. Because of this, there has been a major effort to therapeutically target these small RNAs. One in particular, a liposomal formulation of miR-34a (MRX34), has entered Phase I trials. AREAS COVERED This review aims to summarize miRNA biology, its regulation within normal versus disease states and how it can be targeted therapeutically, with a particular emphasis on miR-34a. Understanding the complexity of a single miRNA will aid in the development of future RNA-based therapeutics for a broader range of chronic diseases. EXPERT OPINION The potential of miRNAs to be developed into anti-cancer therapeutics has become an increasingly important area of research. miR-34a is a tumor suppressive miRNA across many tumor types through its ability to inhibit cellular proliferation, invasion and tumor sphere formation. miR-34a also shows promise within certain in vivo solid tumor models. Finally, as miR-34a moves into clinical trials it will be important to determine if it can further sensitize tumors to certain chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adams
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Pathology , BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Christine Parsons
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- b Department of Pathology , BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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110
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Yang Q, Zhang RW, Sui PC, He HT, Ding L. Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10956-10981. [PMID: 26494954 PMCID: PMC4607897 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the standard of care treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remains poor. Developing novel treatment strategies, identifying new molecules for targeted therapy, and devising screening techniques to detect this cancer in its early stages are needed for GC patients. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), helped to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GC. Recently, significant research has been conducted on non-coding RNAs and how the regulatory dysfunction of these RNAs impacts the tumorigenesis of GC. In this study, we review papers published in the last five years concerning the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, in GC. We summarize instances of aberrant expression of the ncRNAs in GC and their effect on survival-related events, including cell cycle regulation, AKT signaling, apoptosis and drug resistance. Additionally, we evaluate how ncRNA dysregulation affects the metastatic process, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cells, transcription factor activity, and oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Lastly, we determine how ncRNAs affect angiogenesis in the microenvironment of GC. We further discuss the use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers for use in clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. At present, no ideal ncRNAs have been identified as targets for the treatment of GC.
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Yan C, Yu J, Liu Y, Kang W, Ma Z, Zhou L. MiR-32 promotes gastric carcinoma tumorigenesis by targeting Kruppel-like factor 4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:913-20. [PMID: 26471298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide and is highly lethal because of its fast growth. Currently, the clinical therapy options for GC remain limited. MiR-32 has been reported as an oncogenic microRNA in many cancers, but its role in GC is unclear. Here, we found that miR-32 was overexpressed in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissue, and miR-32 was higher in GC patients' plasma compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, we have identified miR-32 to be oncogenic, by promoting gastric cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We also identified Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) as a direct target of miR-32. Knockdown of KLF4 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. We conclude that miR-32 promotes GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting KLF4, suggesting that the miR-32-KLF4 pathway may be useful in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Cell Culture Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Weiming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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112
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Libânio D, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pimentel-Nunes P. Helicobacter pylori and microRNAs: Relation with innate immunity and progression of preneoplastic conditions. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:111-132. [PMID: 26468448 PMCID: PMC4600186 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i5.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accepted paradigm for intestinal-type gastric cancer pathogenesis is a multistep progression from chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and ultimately gastric cancer. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression are still not completely understood as only a fraction of colonized individuals ever develop neoplasia suggesting that bacterial, host and environmental factors are involved. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that may influence H. pylori-related pathology through the regulation of the transcription and expression of various genes, playing an important role in inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Indeed, H. pylori have been shown to modify microRNA expression in the gastric mucosa and microRNAs are involved in the immune host response to the bacteria and in the regulation of the inflammatory response. MicroRNAs have a key role in the regulation of inflammatory pathways and H. pylori may influence inflammation-mediated gastric carcinogenesis possibly through DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor microRNAs. Furthermore, microRNAs influenced by H. pylori also have been found to be involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Altogether, microRNAs seem to have an important role in the progression from gastritis to preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions and since each microRNA can control the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes, knowledge of microRNAs target genes and their functions are of paramount importance. In this article we present a comprehensive review about the role of microRNAs in H. pylori gastric carcinogenesis, identifying the microRNAs downregulated and upregulated in the infection and clarifying their biological role in the link between immune host response, inflammation, DNA methylation and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Shi J, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhou J. Hsa-miR-449a genetic variant is associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13387-13392. [PMID: 26722545 PMCID: PMC4680490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the association between miR-449a rs112310158 SNP and GC risk. Our findings revealed that a variant GG genotype increased the risk of occurrence of GC compared to a wild type AA genotype (OR = 2.542, 95% CI: 1.304-4.954, P = 0.005). Specifically, the G allele reduced the risk of occurrence of cervical cancer in women compared to the A allele (OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.012-1.617, P = 0.043). In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-449a rs112310158 is a genetic risk factor for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Emzymological Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangchen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taixing People’s HospitalTaixing 225400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Taixing People’s HospitalTaixing 225400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Taixing People’s HospitalTaixing 225400, Jiangsu, China
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114
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Moss TJ, Luo Z, Seviour EG, Sehgal V, Lu Y, Hill SM, Rupaimoole R, Lee JS, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Azencott R, Gray JW, Mukherjee S, Mills GB, Ram PT. Genome-wide perturbations by miRNAs map onto functional cellular pathways, identifying regulators of chromatin modifiers. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2015; 1:15001. [PMID: 28725457 PMCID: PMC5516802 DOI: 10.1038/npjsba.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical for determining cellular fate and function. Dysregulation of miRNA expression contributes to the development and progression of multiple diseases. miRNA can target multiple mRNAs, making deconvolution of the effects of miRNA challenging and the complexity of regulation of cellular pathways by miRNAs at the functional protein level remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of expression of miRNAs in breast and ovarian cancer cells on cellular pathways by measuring systems-wide miRNA perturbations to protein and phosphoproteins. METHODS We measure protein level changes by reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) in MDA-MB-231, SKOV3.ip1 and HEYA8 cancer cell lines transfected by a library of 879 human miRNA mimics. RESULTS The effects of multiple miRNAs-protein networks converged in five broad functional clusters of miRNA, suggesting a broad overlap of miRNA action on cellular pathways. Detailed analysis of miRNA clusters revealed novel miRNA/cell cycle protein networks, which we functionally validated. De novo phosphoprotein network estimation using Gaussian graphical modeling, using no priors, revealed known and novel protein interplay, which we also observed in patient ovarian tumor proteomic data. We identified several miRNAs that have pluripotent activities across multiple cellular pathways. In particular we studied miR-365a whose expression is associated with poor survival across several cancer types and demonstrated that anti-miR-365 significantly reduced tumor formation in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Mapping of miRNA-induced protein and phosphoprotein changes onto pathways revealed new miRNA-cellular pathway connectivity, paving the way for targeting of dysregulated pathways with potential miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Moss
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Luo
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena G Seviour
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasudha Sehgal
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Hill
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Azencott
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sach Mukherjee
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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115
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Liu W, Song N, Yao H, Zhao L, Liu H, Li G. miR-221 and miR-222 Simultaneously Target RECK and Regulate Growth and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2718-25. [PMID: 26364844 PMCID: PMC4576921 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter pylori infection is necessary for development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. This study aimed to explore how miR-221 and miR-222 are dysregulated after H. pylori infection and how these 2 miRNAs are involved in pathological development of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify miR-221 and miR-222 expression in patients with H. pylori - induced chronic gastritis, H. pylori-negative healthy controls, and in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Cell models were used to verify the expression profile. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify putative binding between miR-221 or miR-222 and RECK. A loss-and-gain function study was performed to assess the miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS H. pylori infection leads to significantly higher miR-221 and miR-222 expression. MiR-221 and miR-222 can bind the same sequence of RECK 3'UTR, thereby modulating its expression. Through simultaneous regulation over RECK, miR-221 and miR-222 can promote gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSIONS The miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis might be an important path modulating H. pylori infection-related gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Nian Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huihua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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116
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Liu W, Song N, Yao H, Zhao L, Liu H, Li G. miR-221 and miR-222 Simultaneously Target RECK and Regulate Growth and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR : INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 26364844 DOI: 10.12659/msm.89432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter pylori infection is necessary for development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. This study aimed to explore how miR-221 and miR-222 are dysregulated after H. pylori infection and how these 2 miRNAs are involved in pathological development of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify miR-221 and miR-222 expression in patients with H. pylori - induced chronic gastritis, H. pylori-negative healthy controls, and in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Cell models were used to verify the expression profile. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify putative binding between miR-221 or miR-222 and RECK. A loss-and-gain function study was performed to assess the miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS H. pylori infection leads to significantly higher miR-221 and miR-222 expression. MiR-221 and miR-222 can bind the same sequence of RECK 3'UTR, thereby modulating its expression. Through simultaneous regulation over RECK, miR-221 and miR-222 can promote gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSIONS The miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis might be an important path modulating H. pylori infection-related gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Nian Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huihua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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117
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Peng Q, Xu Y. Association between promoter polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and risk of gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2519-26. [PMID: 26392779 PMCID: PMC4574801 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s83004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences show that matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) plays important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. The interactions between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC) have been reported, but results remained ambiguous. To determine the association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and risk of GC, we conducted a meta-analysis and identified the outcome data from all the research papers estimating the association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and GC risk, which was based on comprehensive searches using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The fixed-effects model was used in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In this meta-analysis, six studies involving 1,377 cases and 1,543 controls were included. We identified the significant association between MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism and GC risk for allele model (OR =1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), for dominant model (OR =1.11; 95% CI, 1.08-1.15), and for recessive model (OR =1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.14). In summary, our analysis demonstrated that MMP1-1607 1G>2G polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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118
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You J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Fang N, Liu B, Zu L, Zhou Q. MiR-449a suppresses cell invasion by inhibiting MAP2K1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2730-2744. [PMID: 26609480 PMCID: PMC4633902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals that deregulation of miRNAs contributes to carcinogenesis of the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study discovered that the expression of miR-449a was markedly decreased in NSCLC cells with high metastatic capacity and tissues of positive lymph node metastasis. Moreover, our results showed that miR-449a could act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-449a inhibited the expression of MAP2K1 by direct targeting its 3'UTR, and regulated the activity of MEK1/ERK1/2/c-Jun pathway through an auto-regulatory feedback loop. Furthermore, the histone methylation mediated the decreased expression of miR-449a through SUZ12. Taken together, the novel connection between miR-449a and MAP2K1 demonstrated here provided a new, potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nianzhen Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lingling Zu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052, China
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119
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Abstract
Clinical detection of ovarian clear cell carcinomas is important because of the poor prognosis. To identify microRNA profiles specific for clear cell carcinomas, microRNA expression profiles were compared between clear cell carcinomas and serous carcinomas of the ovary using microRNA microarray. In parallel, clear cell carcinomas were compared with germ cell tumors of the ovary. Six microRNAs differentially expressed between ovarian clear cell and serous carcinomas distinguished uterine clear cell carcinomas from endometrioid carcinomas. MiR-449 was underexpressed in both ovarian and uterine clear cell carcinomas. When germ cell tumors were compared with clear cell carcinomas of the ovary, miR-302d was the most significantly overexpressed microRNA in germ cell tumors. Thus, here we describe microRNA profiles characteristic for clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and uterus.
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120
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Matsushita R, Seki N, Chiyomaru T, Inoguchi S, Ishihara T, Goto Y, Nishikawa R, Mataki H, Tatarano S, Itesako T, Nakagawa M, Enokida H. Tumour-suppressive microRNA-144-5p directly targets CCNE1/2 as potential prognostic markers in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:282-9. [PMID: 26057453 PMCID: PMC4506384 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of a microRNA (miRNA) expression signature of bladder cancer (BC) by deep-sequencing revealed that clustered miRNAs microRNA (miR)-451a, miR-144-3p, and miR-144-5p were significantly downregulated in BC tissues. We hypothesised that these miRNAs function as tumour suppressors in BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional roles of these miRNAs and their modulation of cancer networks in BC cells. METHODS The functional studies of BC cells were performed using transfection of mature miRNAs. Genome-wide gene expression analysis, in silico analysis, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to identify miRNA targets. The association between miR-144-5p levels and expression of the target genes was determined, and overall patient survival as a function of target gene expression was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Gain-of-function studies showed that miR-144-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation by BC cells. Four cell cycle-related genes (CCNE1, CCNE2, CDC25A, and PKMYT1) were identified as direct targets of miR-144-5p. The patients with high CCNE1 or CCNE2 expression had lower overall survival probabilities than those with low expression (P=0.025 and P=0.032). CONCLUSION miR-144-5p functions as tumour suppressor in BC cells. CCNE1 and CCNE2 were directly regulated by miR-144-5p and might be good prognostic markers for survival of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - N Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - T Chiyomaru
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - S Inoguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - T Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - R Nishikawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - H Mataki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - S Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - T Itesako
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - M Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - H Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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121
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miR-449b rs10061133 and miR-4293 rs12220909 polymorphisms are associated with decreased esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8789-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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122
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Jiang C, Chen X, Alattar M, Wei J, Liu H. MicroRNAs in tumorigenesis, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:291-301. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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123
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Bischof O, Martínez-Zamudio RI. MicroRNAs and lncRNAs in senescence: A re-view. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:255-67. [PMID: 25990945 PMCID: PMC5008183 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic insults that cause genomic or epigenomic perturbations. It is now widely recognized as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism as well as a biological process impacting aging and organismal development. Like other cell fate decisions, senescence is executed and maintained by an intricate network of transcription factors (TFs), chromatin modifiers, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Altogether, these factors cooperate to implement the gene expression program that initiates and sustains the senescent phenotype. In the context of senescence, microRNAs (miRs) and long ncRNAs have been found to play regulatory roles at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field and point toward future research directions to gain a better understanding of ncRNAs in senescence. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):255–267, 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bischof
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Iván Martínez-Zamudio
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
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124
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Li F, Chen H, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Xue J, Liu Z, Zheng F. miR-34c plays a role of tumor suppressor in HEC‑1-B cells by targeting E2F3 protein. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3069-74. [PMID: 25846116 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy of the female genital tract with a poor prognosis. It has been reported that miR-34c is significantly reduced in EC, but research concerning its function in EC is rare. In the present study, the expression of miR-34c was upregulated in the EC cell line, HEC-1-B, by transfecting the cells with hsa-miR-34c-5p mimics. Then, after determining the transfection efficiency by RT-qPCR, we analyzed the effects of miR-34c on the HEC-1-B cells. We found that overexpression of miR-34c significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Finally, western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of E2F3 was reduced after upregulation of the expression of miR-34c in the HEC-1-B cells, and the effects of miR-34c are likely associated with the reduction in E2F3 protein. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-34c plays a role of tumor suppressor in HEC-1-B cells, and E2F3 protein may be a target of miR-34c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyao Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jisen Xue
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuzhou Kind Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Chang L, Guo F, Huo B, Lv Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Expression and clinical significance of the microRNA-200 family in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2317-2324. [PMID: 26137064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Recent studies have revealed that there is a difference in microRNA (miR/miRNA) profiles between cancerous and normal tissues. To find a potentially useful prognostic predictor and a promising therapeutic tool for gastric cancer, the present study investigated the expression and clinical significance of the miR-200 family in gastric cancer. The miR-200 family has five members: hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-429. In 46 clinical samples of gastric cancer and paired non-cancerous tissues, the present study observed that the expression levels of the miR-200 family in the cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in the non-cancerous tissues (P<0.001). Lower levels of the five family members were associated with histological grade and the presence of an intravascular cancer embolus (P<0.05). The results revealed that the miR-200 family is downregulated in gastric cancer, and that there are significant differences in the expression of the miR-200 family between normal and cancer tissues. The miR-200 family may therefore become a potentially useful prognostic predictor of the aggressiveness of gastric cancer and a possible therapeutic tool in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fengjie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Huo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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126
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. MicroRNA in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:278-83. [PMID: 25736871 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aetiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is complex, with genetic, developmental, biochemical and biomechanical factors contributing to the disease process. It is becoming obvious that epigenetic processes influence evolution of IDD as strongly as the genetic background. Deregulated phenotypes of nucleus pulposus cells, including differentiation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis, are involved in all stages of progression of human IDD. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, have recently been recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Research into roles of microRNAs in IDD has been very active over the past 5 years. Our review summarizes current research enlightenment towards understanding roles of microRNAs in regulating nucleus pulposus cell functions in IDD. These exciting findings support the notion that specific modulation of microRNAs may represent an attractive approach for management of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100007, China
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127
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Wan X, Ding X, Chen S, Song H, Jiang H, Fang Y, Li P, Guo J. The functional sites of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:521-32. [PMID: 25636450 PMCID: PMC4342515 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases and has one of the highest mortality rates worldwide. Its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gastric cancer have attracted wide attention. Although the expression levels of various ncRNAs are different, they may work together in a network and contribute to gastric carcinogenesis by altering the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. They affect the cell cycle, apoptosis, motility, invasion, and metastasis. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including miR-21, miR-106, H19, and ANRIL, directly or indirectly regulate carcinogenic factors or signaling pathways such as PTEN, CDK, caspase, E-cadherin, Akt, and P53. Greater recognition of the roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis can provide new insight into the mechanisms of tumor development and identify targets for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, China
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128
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Calcagno DQ, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Cancer type-specific epigenetic changes: gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:79-101. [PMID: 25421656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of mortality despite declining rate in the world. Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric tumors. Epigenetic refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches have emerged. This chapter summarizes the main epigenomic mechanisms described recently involved in gastric carcinogenesis, focusing on the roles that aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications (histone acetylation and methylation), and miRNAs (oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of miRNA) play in the onset and progression of gastric tumors. Clinical implications of these epigenetic alterations in GC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP 66073-000 Belém, PA, Brazil,
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129
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J, Wu WKK, Chan MTV. MicroRNA expression and its clinical implications in Ewing's sarcoma. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:1-6. [PMID: 25530497 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common primary bone cancer, and is a predominant childhood malignant disease. Due to limited understanding of its pathogenesis and frequent occurrence of resistance to conventional types of treatment, its management remains difficult, and mortality is frequent. Development of EWS is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered as a new category of non-protein coding; small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Substantial numbers of deregulated miRNAs have been documented in EWS and their biological significance has been confirmed in multiple functional experiments. Several studies have confirmed involvement of miRNAs in various steps of EWS pathogenesis, from occurrence to metastasis. Functionally, miRNA dysregulation may promote cell-cycle progression, confer resistance to apoptosis, and enhance invasiveness and metastasis. These miRNAs have opened a novel field in cancer research with potential clinical utilization for screening, diagnosis, prognostics and prediction of response to treatment. Elucidating biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help better understand pathogenesis of EWS and promote development of miRNA directed-therapeutics against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100007, China
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130
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Ding M, Qiu TF, Zhou PG. microRNA-449a Suppresses Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:1255-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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131
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Yu L, Zhou L, Cheng Y, Sun L, Fan J, Liang J, Guo M, Liu N, Zhu L. MicroRNA-543 acts as an oncogene by targeting PAQR3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:897-906. [PMID: 25520877 PMCID: PMC4266721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Increasing evidences indicate that deregulation of miRNAs contributes to the hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that the levels of miR-543 were dramatically increased in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. Moreover, forced expression of miR-543 promoted the proliferative and invasive potential of HepG2. We also identified PAQR3 as a direct target gene for miR-543 using a fluorescent reporter assay and western blot. The levels of PAQR3 were dramatically decreased in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. The mRNA levels of PAQR3 were inversely correlated with the miR-543 expression level.Thus, our finding provides a new insight into the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating a therapeutic potential of miR-543 in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Luting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military CommandJinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinlong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Province HospitalHarbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mujie Guo
- Department of CT, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Information Technology, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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Abstract
Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality. This cancer is also associated with poor survival rates. Understanding the genetic basis of gastric cancer will offer insights into its pathogenesis, help identify new biomarkers and novel treatment targets, aid prognostication and could be central to developing individualized treatment strategies in the future. An inherited component contributes to <3% of gastric cancers; the majority of genetic changes associated with gastric cancer are acquired. Over the past few decades, advances in technology and high-throughput analysis have improved understanding of the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. These aspects are multifaceted and heterogeneous and represent a wide spectrum of several key genetic influences, such as chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, changes in microRNA profile, somatic gene mutations or functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. These genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer will be addressed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi H McLean
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer &Inflammation Program, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB51 5ER, UK
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133
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Yu Z, Kim J, He L, Creighton CJ, Gunaratne PH, Hawkins SM, Matzuk MM. Functional analysis of miR-34c as a putative tumor suppressor in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:113. [PMID: 25273528 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA expression patterns are implicated in the formation of many human diseases, including ovarian cancer. Our laboratory previously created Dicer(fl/fl)/Pten(fl/fl)/Amhr2(cre/+) mice, which developed high-grade serous carcinomas originating from mouse fallopian tubes, while neither Dicer(fl/fl)/Amhr2(cre/+) nor Pten(fl/fl)/Amhr2(cre/+) mice developed tumors. To explore miRNAs involved in the tumorigenesis in the double-knockout (DKO) mice, tumor cell lines were established from mouse primary tumors, and the most abundant miRNAs present in mouse normal fallopian tubes, let-7b and miR-34c, were expressed in these cell lines. We found that miR-34c had a more dramatic effect on inhibiting tumor cell viability than let-7b. The action of miR-34c induced tumor cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis, and was accompanied with the regulation of key genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S transition. miR-34c suppressed the expression of Ezh2 and Mybl2, which may transcriptionally and functionally activate Cdkn1c. Furthermore, miR-34c levels are extremely low in human serous adenocarcinomas compared with human normal fallopian tubes. Expression of miR-34c in human ovarian cancer cells phenocopied its effects in DKO mouse tumor cells. However, miR-34b/c(-/-)/Pten(fl/fl)/Amhr2(cre/+) mice failed to develop high-grade serous carcinomas, implicating a combination of miRNAs in the tumorigenesis process. Thus, while miR-34c is a putative tumor suppressor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with potential therapeutic advantages, screening of additional miRNAs for their effects alone and in combination with miR-34c is highly warranted to uncover miRNAs that synergize with miR-34c against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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134
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Genetic networks lead and follow tumor development: microRNA regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in the p53 pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:749724. [PMID: 25302307 PMCID: PMC4180389 DOI: 10.1155/2014/749724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past ten years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a more significant role in the formation and progression of cancer diseases than previously thought. With an increase in reports about the dysregulation of miRNAs in diverse tumor types, it becomes more obvious that classic tumor-suppressive molecules enter deep into the world of miRNAs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a typical tumor suppressor p53, known as the guardian of the genome, regulates some kinds of miRNAs to contribute to tumor suppression by the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Meanwhile, miRNAs directly/indirectly control the expression level and activity of p53 to fine-tune its functions or to render p53 inactive, indicating that the interplay between p53 and miRNA is overly complicated. The findings, along with current studies, will underline the continuing importance of understanding this interlocking control system for future therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment and prevention.
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135
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Salilew-Wondim D, Ahmad I, Gebremedhn S, Sahadevan S, Hossain MDM, Rings F, Hoelker M, Tholen E, Neuhoff C, Looft C, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. The expression pattern of microRNAs in granulosa cells of subordinate and dominant follicles during the early luteal phase of the bovine estrous cycle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106795. [PMID: 25192015 PMCID: PMC4156418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the miRNA expression patterns in granulosa cells of subordinate (SF) and dominant follicle (DF) during the early luteal phase of the bovine estrous cycle. For this, miRNA enriched total RNA isolated from granulosa cells of SF and DF obtained from heifers slaughtered at day 3 and day 7 of the estrous cycle was used for miRNAs deep sequencing. The results revealed that including 17 candidate novel miRNAs, several known miRNAs (n = 291-318) were detected in SF and DF at days 3 and 7 of the estrous cycle of which 244 miRNAs were common to all follicle groups. The let-7 families, bta-miR-10b, bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-99b and bta-miR-27b were among abundantly expressed miRNAs in both SF and DF at both days of the estrous cycle. Further analysis revealed that the expression patterns of 16 miRNAs including bta-miR-449a, bta-miR-449c and bta-miR-222 were differentially expressed between the granulosa cells of SF and DF at day 3 of the estrous cycle. However, at day 7 of the estrous cycle, 108 miRNAs including bta-miR-409a, bta-miR-383 and bta-miR-184 were differentially expressed between the two groups of granulosa cell revealing the presence of distinct miRNA expression profile changes between the two follicular stages at day 7 than day 3 of the estrous cycle. In addition, unlike the SF, marked temporal miRNA expression dynamics was observed in DF groups between day 3 and 7 of the estrous cycle. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis revealed that major signaling associated with follicular development including Wnt signaling, TGF-beta signaling, oocyte meiosis and GnRH signaling were affected by differentially expressed miRNAs. Thus, this study highlights the miRNA expression patterns of granulosa cells in subordinate and dominant follicles that could be associated with follicular recruitment, selection and dominance during the early luteal phase of the bovine estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sudeep Sahadevan
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - MD Munir Hossain
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Franca Rings
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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136
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MicroRNA-449a reduces cell survival and enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via downregulation of NOTCH1 in ovarian cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12369-78. [PMID: 25179844 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for the advanced ovarian cancer, but resistance to cisplatin remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in disease processes, including the development of drug resistance. In this study, we found miR-449a were significantly downregulated in the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cell lines SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP, compared with their sensitive parent line SKOV3 and A2780, respectively. The overexpression of miR-449a increased cisplatin sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP cells by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The luciferase assay confirmed that miR-449a functioned through suppressing NOTCH1 directly. Concordantly, BALB/c nude mice that were injected intraperitoneally with SKOV3/DDP cells transfected with miR-449a mimics exhibited enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the ectopic expression of miR-449a may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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137
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TBHP-induced oxidative stress alters microRNAs expression in mouse testis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1287-93. [PMID: 25141839 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is one of the main reasons of male infertility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple intracellular processes. Alterations in miRNAs expression may occur in different conditions and diseases. In this study, the effect of oxidative stress induced by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) on the expression of candidate miRNAs in mouse testis was investigated. METHODS After determining median lethal dose (LD50), TBHP was intraperitoneally (ip) injected at the dilution of 1:10 LD50 into the adult male mice for 2 weeks, and then testis tissues were removed in order to assay the ROS level. Total RNA was extracted and the expression of five miRNAs was quantified by reverse transcription-real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The flow cytometry analysis showed a significant increase in ROS level in testis. The expression of three out of five selected miRNAs, including miR-34a, miR-181b and miR-122a, showed some degrees of changes following exposure to oxidative stress. These miRNAs are involved in antioxidant responses, inflammation pathway and spermatogenesis arrest. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TBHP alters the miRNA expression profile of testis which might play a potential role in oxidative and antioxidative responses and spermatogenesis.
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138
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MicroRNA and signaling pathways in gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:305-16. [PMID: 25060632 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors by inhibiting the expression of target genes, some of which are either directly or indirectly involved with canonical signaling pathways. The relationship between miRNAs and signaling pathways in gastric cancer is extremely complicated. In this paper, we determined the pathogenic mechanism of gastric cancer related to miRNA expression based on recent high-quality studies and then clarified the regulation network of miRNA expression and the correlated functions of these miRNAs during the progression of gastric cancer. We try to illustrate the correlation between the expression of miRNAs and outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Understanding this will allow us to take a big step forward in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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139
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Li LP, Wu WJ, Sun DAY, Xie ZY, Ma YC, Zhao YG. miR-449a and CDK6 in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1533-1538. [PMID: 25202363 PMCID: PMC4156198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the association between microRNA (miR/miRNA)-449a, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)6 protein and gastric carcinoma, and discuss the effect of miR-449a on the expression of the CDK6 protein. Quantitative (q)PCR and western blot analysis were used to analyze the expression of the miR-449a and the CDK6 protein in gastric carcinoma and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The real-time cell analyzer and the DAPI staining test were used to monitor the different miR-449a levels regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of the MGC-803 cell line. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression level of the CDK6 protein in the cells of the miR-449a upregulation and downregulation groups, and a control group. A scratch test was used to study the effects of miR-449a expression on migration and invasion. It was found that the expression of miR-449a was downregulated and the expression of CDK6 protein was upregulated in gastric carcinoma tissue. The level of MGC-803 cell proliferation was decreased and the apoptosis level was increased by the upregulation of miR-449a expression, and the opposite effect was shown by the downregulation of expression. The expression of the CDK6 protein in the MGC-803 cells was downregulated by upregulating the expression of miR-449a. The distance of the scratch was shortened markedly after 12 h by downregulating the expression of miR-449a in the MGC-803 cells. The present study identified that a lower expression level of miR-449 and a higher expression level of CDK6 may contribute to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Furthermore, it was shown that miR-449a is able to regulate the expression of the CDK6 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - DA-Yong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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140
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Expression of senescence-associated microRNAs and target genes in cellular aging and modulation by tocotrienol-rich fraction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:725929. [PMID: 25132913 PMCID: PMC4123634 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences highlight the implication of microRNAs as a posttranscriptional regulator in aging. Several senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-miRNAs) are found to be differentially expressed during cellular senescence. However, the role of dietary compounds on SA-miRNAs remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the modulatory role of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on SA-miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-24, miR-34a, miR-106a, and miR-449a) and established target genes of miR-34a (CCND1, CDK4, and SIRT1) during replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Primary cultures of HDFs at young and senescent were incubated with TRF at 0.5 mg/mL. Taqman microRNA assay showed significant upregulation of miR-24 and miR-34a and downregulation of miR-20a and miR-449a in senescent HDFs (P < 0.05). TRF reduced miR-34a expression in senescent HDFs and increased miR-20a expression in young HDFs and increased miR-449a expression in both young and senescent HDFs. Our results also demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-34a reduced the expression of CDK4 significantly (P < 0.05). TRF inhibited miR-34a expression thus relieved its inhibition on CDK4 gene expression. No significant change was observed on the expression of CCND1, SIRT1, and miR-34a upstream transcriptional regulator, TP53. In conclusion tocotrienol-rich fraction prevented cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via modulation of SA-miRNAs and target genes expression.
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141
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Ye W, Xue J, Zhang Q, Li F, Zhang W, Chen H, Huang Y, Zheng F. MiR-449a functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer by targeting CDC25A. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1193-9. [PMID: 24993091 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer initiation and development by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. The role of microRNA-449a (miR-449a) in endometrial cancer remains unclear. We examined the levels of miR-449a and miR-449b in benign endometrium, type I and type II endometrial cancer tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To further investigate the roles of miR-449a in regulating the behavior of endometrial cancer cells, we overexpressed miR-449a in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B, which had low endogenous miR-449a expression. We analyzed the effects of miR-449a overexpression on CDC25 expression, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of HEC-1B cells. We found that miR-449a and miR-449b levels were markedly reduced in type II endometrial cancer tissues but not in type I endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of miR-449a significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and clonogenic survival of HEC-1B cells. MiR-449a overexpression also induced apoptosis in HEC-1B cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that CDC25A expression was suppressed by miR-449a overexpression. Our results suggest that miR-449a may act as a tumor suppressor by targeting CDC25A in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ye
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jisen Xue
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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142
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Kita Y, Vincent K, Natsugoe S, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA. Epigenetically regulated microRNAs and their prospect in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:673-83. [PMID: 24914586 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.925399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been reported to deregulate the expression of many transcripts, including noncoding RNAs that have no apparent protein-coding capacity. Recently, as the result of numerous studies focused on miRNAs, novel sequencing technologies have made available the transcription profile of the entire human genome. miRNAs as drivers of tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions have been found to be dysregulated in numerous cancer types. However, the functions of epigenetically regulated genetic elements other than protein-coding genes are still a matter of debate. In this review, the authors focus mainly on describing the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in cancer. They also discuss the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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143
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Kang C, Song JJ, Lee J, Kim MY. Epigenetics: An emerging player in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6433-6447. [PMID: 24914365 PMCID: PMC4047329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers, like other diseases, arise from gene mutations and/or altered gene expression, which eventually cause dysregulation of numerous proteins and noncoding RNAs. Changes in gene expression, i.e., upregulation of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, can be generated not only by genetic and environmental factors but also by epigenetic factors, which are inheritable but nongenetic modifications of cellular chromosome components. Identification of the factors that contribute to individual cancers is a prerequisite to a full understanding of cancer mechanisms and the development of customized cancer therapies. The search for genetic and environmental factors has a long history in cancer research, but epigenetic factors only recently began to be associated with cancer formation, progression, and metastasis. Epigenetic alterations of chromatin include DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can affect gene-expression profiles. Recent studies have revealed diverse mechanisms by which chromatin modifiers, including writers, erasers and readers of the aforementioned modifications, contribute to the formation and progression of cancer. Furthermore, functional RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, have also been identified as key players in these processes. This review highlights recent findings concerning the epigenetic alterations associated with cancers, especially gastric cancer.
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144
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Jansson MD, Damas ND, Lees M, Jacobsen A, Lund AH. miR-339-5p regulates the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway by targeting MDM2. Oncogene 2014; 34:1908-18. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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145
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Ma L, Chen Y, Zhang B, Liu G. Increased microRNA-223 in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer contributed to cancer cell proliferation and migration. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:602-8. [PMID: 25036956 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.895661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA-223 (miR-223) was associated with gastric cancer (GC), in which Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) played important roles. However, the mechanism of relationships between miR-223 and H. pylori-associated GC was largely undiscovered. Here, we found the overexpression of miR-223 was related with H. pylori positive infection in vivo and in vitro in GC by relative quantification of qRT-PCR. Upregulated miR-223 was responsible for the poorer prognosis of GC with H. pylori positive, also. The result indicated not only overexpression of miR-223 stimulated the proliferation by CCK-8 assays and colony formation of H. pylori associated GC cells, but also migration and invasion by scratch assay and transwell invasion assays in vitro. Above all, all our data declared H. pylori infection played an important role in developing GC according to overexpression of miR-223, which increased cancer cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Ma
- a Department of Endoscopics , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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146
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Bertero T, Bourget-Ponzio I, Puissant A, Loubat A, Mari B, Meneguzzi G, Auberger P, Barbry P, Ponzio G, Rezzonico R. Tumor suppressor function of miR-483-3p on squamous cell carcinomas due to its pro-apoptotic properties. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2183-93. [PMID: 24067364 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent alteration of miRNA expression in many cancers, together with our recent reports showing a robust accumulation of miR-483-3p at the final stage of skin wound healing, and targeting of CDC25A leading to an arrest of keratinocyte proliferation, led us to hypothesize that miR-483-3p could also be endowed with antitumoral properties. We tested that hypothesis by documenting the in vitro and in vivo impacts of miR-483-3p in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. miR-483-3p sensitized SCC cells to serum deprivation- and drug-induced apoptosis, thus exerting potent tumor suppressor activities. Its pro-apoptotic activity was mediated by a direct targeting of several anti-apoptotic genes, such as API5, BIRC5, and RAN. Interestingly, an in vivo delivery of miR-483-3p into subcutaneous SCC xenografts significantly hampered tumor growth. This effect was explained by an inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase of apoptosis. This argues for its further use as an adjuvant in the many instances of cancers characterized by a downregulation of miR-483-3p.
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147
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Xie J, Chen M, Zhou J, Mo MS, Zhu LH, Liu YP, Gui QJ, Zhang L, Li GQ. miR-7 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1715-22. [PMID: 24573489 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study profiled differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in gastric cancer cell lines and then investigated miR-7 expression in gastric cancer tissue specimens and the effects of miR-7 on the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells and the underlying molecular events. A microRNA microarray was used to profile differentially expressed miRNAs in human gastric cancer cell lines relative to a normal stomach mucosal epithelial cell line. The miRNA miR-7 was selected for further investigation, which included real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of miR-7 levels in different gastric cancer cell lines and tissues and distant non-tumor tissues from patient resections. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell migration and invasion, and western blot assays were performed to assess tumor cell viability, invasion and gene expression, respectively, after miR-7 transfection. The miRNA microarray profiling revealed 14 upregulated miRNAs (including miR-21, miR-26b and miR-30b) and 19 downregulated miRNAs (including let-7i, miR-7 and miR-622) between gastric cancer and normal cell lines. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that reduced miR-7 expression occurred more frequently in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric cancer MGC-803, MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cell lines than in the well-differentiated gastric cancer NCI-N87 cell line, which was consistent with the results for gastric cancer tissues. Expression of miR-7 was downregulated in 86.9% (20/23) of the gastric cancer tissues compared with that in the distant non-tumor tissues. Restoration of miR-7 expression significantly inhibited tumor cell viability, invasiveness and migration when compared with the control cells. Luciferase assay confirmed the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a target gene of mR-7, and expression of miR-7 significantly suppressed EGFR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The data from the present study demonstrated that reduced miR-7 expression contributes to gastric cancer development and progression. Further study will investigate miR-7 in the regulation of EGFR expression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shu Mo
- Department of Diagnostics, Medical College of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jun Gui
- Department of Diagnostics, Medical College of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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148
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Cadamuro ACT, Rossi AFT, Maniezzo NM, Silva AE. Helicobacter pylori infection: host immune response, implications on gene expression and microRNAs. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1424-37. [PMID: 24587619 PMCID: PMC3925852 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide. Persistent infection of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammatory processes and may remain silent for decades or progress causing more severe diseases, such as gastric adenocarcinoma. The clinical consequences of H. pylori infection are determined by multiple factors, including host genetic predisposition, gene regulation, environmental factors and heterogeneity of H. pylori virulence factors. After decades of studies of this successful relationship between pathogen and human host, various mechanisms have been elucidated. In this review, we have made an introduction on H. pylori infection and its virulence factors, and focused mainly on modulation of host immune response triggered by bacteria, changes in the pattern of gene expression in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa, with activation of gene transcription involved in defense mechanisms, inflammatory and immunological response, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We also highlighted the role of bacteria eradication on gene expression levels. In addition, we addressed the recent involvement of different microRNAs in precancerous lesions, gastric cancer, and inflammatory processes induced by bacteria. New discoveries in this field may allow a better understanding of the role of major factors involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori.
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149
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miR-449a Regulates proliferation and chemosensitivity to cisplatin by targeting cyclin D1 and BCL2 in SGC7901 cells. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:336-45. [PMID: 24248414 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several miRNAs have been determined as tumor suppressors in various cancers, such as microRNA-449a. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying miR-449a regulated cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in gastric cancer cells have not been well documented. AIM The present study was designed to test whether miR-449a mediates cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in gastric cancer cells via regulating cyclin D1 and BCL2. METHODS In vitro, the ability of cell proliferation and cell viability were measured by MTT assay; cell cycle and cell apoptosis was detected by FCM. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-449a. Western blot and real-time PCR assays were used to detect the expression of cyclin D1 and BCL2 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. RESULTS miR-449a expression was downregulated in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and human gastric cancer tissues, compared to the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 and matched non-tumor associated tissues. Upregulation of miR-449a reduced the proliferation of SGC7901 cells. Ectopic expression of miR-449a decreased the percentage of S phase cells, increased the percentage of G1/G0 phase cells and increased the apoptosis induced by cisplatin. Moreover, miR-449a inhibited SGC7901 cells proliferation and enhanced cisplatin chemosensitivity by downregulating expression of BCL2 and cyclin D1, respectively, via directly targeting the 3'-untranslated regions of BCL2 and cyclin D1 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to provide evidence that miR-449a could modulate cell cycle and apoptosis through regulating cyclin D1 and BCL2 expression in SGC7901 cells.
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150
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world. Although the incidence of gastric cancer is declining, the outcomes of gastric cancer patients remain dismal because of the lack of effective biomarkers to detect early gastric cancer. Modern biomedical research has explored many potential gastric cancer biomarker genes by utilising serum protein antigens, oncogenic genes or gene families through improving molecular biological technologies, such as microarray, RNA-Seq and the like. Recently, the small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to be critical regulators in the oncogenesis pathways and to serve as useful clinical biomarkers. This new class of biomarkers is emerging as a novel molecule for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, including gastric cancer. By translational suppression of target genes, miRNAs play a significant role in the gastric cancer cell physiology and tumour progression. There are potential implications of previously discovered gastric cancer molecular biomarkers and their expression modulations by respective miRNAs. Therefore, many miRNAs are found to play oncogenic roles or tumour-suppressing functions in human cancers. With the surprising stability of miRNAs in tissues, serum or other body fluids, miRNAs have emerged as a new type of cancer biomarker with immeasurable clinical potential.
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