101
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Dual effects of the Nrf2 inhibitor for inhibition of hepatitis C virus and hepatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:680. [PMID: 29940898 PMCID: PMC6019801 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that knockdown of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) resulted in suppression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, whether brusatol, an Nrf2 inhibitor, has dual anti-HCV and anticancer effects was explored. METHODS The anti-HCV effect of brusatol was investigated by analyzing HCV RNA and proteins in a hepatic cell line persistently-infected with HCV, HPI cells, and by analyzing HCV replication in a replicon-replicating hepatic cell line, OR6 cells. Then, dual anti-HCV and anticancer effects of brusatol and enhancement of the effects by the combination of brusatol with anticancer drugs including sorafenib, which has been reported to have the dual effects, were then investigated. RESULTS Brusatol suppressed the persistent HCV infection at both the RNA and protein levels in association with a reduction in Nrf2 protein in the HPI cells. Analysis of the OR6 cells treated with brusatol indicated that brusatol inhibited HCV persistence by inhibiting HCV replication. Combination of brusatol with an anticancer drug not only enhanced the anticancer effect but also, in the case of the combination with sorafenib, strongly suppressed HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS Brusatol has dual anti-HCV and anticancer effects and can enhance the comparable effects of sorafenib. There is therefore the potential for combination therapy of brusatol and sorafenib for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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102
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Yi X, Zhao Y, Xue L, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Jin Q, Li H. Expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:573-578. [PMID: 30112024 PMCID: PMC6090442 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression and clinical significance of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in 39 DLBCL cases and 17 cases of reactive lymph node hyperplasia, and their association with the clinicopathological features of DLBCL patients was analyzed. In DLBCL, the percentage of cells with positive staining for Keap1 and Nrf2 was 46.2 and 35.9%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in reactive lymph node hyperplasia (17.7 and 5.9%, respectively). There was no correlation between Keap1 and Nrf2 expression according to a Spearman rank correlation analysis (r=0.272; P>0.05). Keap1 and Nrf2 expression was associated with the international prognostic index and Ann-Arbor clinical stage (P<0.05), and Keap1 and Nrf2 expression was higher in DLBCL patients with stage III–IV (68.4 and 52.6%, respectively) compared with in those with stage I–II (25.0 and 20.0%, respectively). The aberrant expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 in DLBCL suggests that these factors may have crucial roles in the development and progression of the disease, and may therefore be used as prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yi
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Li
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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103
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Zhao Q, Mao A, Guo R, Zhang L, Yan J, Sun C, Tang J, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Suppression of radiation-induced migration of non-small cell lung cancer through inhibition of Nrf2-Notch Axis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36603-36613. [PMID: 28402268 PMCID: PMC5482680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is associated with tumor growth and resistance to radiation. The canonical Notch signaling pathway is also crucial for maintaining non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aberrant Nrf2 and Notch signaling has repeatedly been showed to facilitate metastasis of NSCLC. Here, we show that radiation induce Nrf2 and Notch1 expression in NSCLC. Knockdown of Nrf2 enhanced radiosensitivity of NSCLC and reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, we found that knockdown of Nrf2 dramatically decreased radiation-induced NSCLC invasion and significantly increased E-cadherin, but reduced N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 expression. We found that Notch1 knockdown also upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed N-cadherin expression. Nrf2 contributes to NSCLC cell metastatic properties and this inhibition correlated with reduced Notch1 expression. These results establish that Nrf2 and Notch1 downregulation synergistically inhibit radiation-induced migratory and invasive properties of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Aihong Mao
- Institute of Gansu Medical Science Research, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruoshui Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Yancheng Ye
- Gansu Wuwei Institute of Medical Sciences, Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
| | - Yanshan Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Institute of Medical Sciences, Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Wuwei Institute of Medical Sciences, Gansu Province, Wuwei 733000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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104
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is most lethal malignancy among all gynecological cancer. Large bodies of evidences suggest that mitochondrial-derived ROS play a critical role in the development and progression of OC. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a membrane-associated lactonase with anti-oxidant properties. PON2 deficiency aggravates mitochondrial ROS formation, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The role of PON2 in cancer development remains unknown. In this report, in human, we identified that PON2 expression is higher in early stages (but not in late stages) of OC when compared to normal tissue. Using a mouse xenograft model of OC, we demonstrate that overexpression of PON2 prevents tumor formation. Mechanistically, PON2 decreases OC cell proliferation by inhibiting insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression and signaling. Intriguingly, PON2 reduces c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation of IGF-1 gene by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide generation. In addition, PON2 impairs insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in OC cells by altering cholesterol homeostasis, which resulted in reduced caveolin-1/IGF-1R interaction and IGF-1R phosphorylation. Taken together, we report for the first time that PON2 acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stage of OC by reducing IGF-1 production and its signaling, indicating PON2 activation might be a fruitful strategy to inhibit early stage ovarian tumor.
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105
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Kitamura H, Motohashi H. NRF2 addiction in cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:900-911. [PMID: 29450944 PMCID: PMC5891176 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (KEAP1‐NRF2) system is a pivotal defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Although transient NRF2 activation in response to stress is beneficial for health, persistent NRF2 activation in cancer cells has deleterious effects on cancer‐bearing hosts by conferring therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumorigenic activity on cancer cells. Because NRF2 increases the antioxidant and detoxification capability of cancer cells, persistently high levels of NRF2 activity enhance therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. NRF2 also drives metabolic reprogramming to establish cellular metabolic processes that are advantageous for cell proliferation in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. As a result of these advantages, cancer cells with persistent activation of NRF2 often develop “NRF2 addiction” and show malignant phenotypes leading to poor prognoses in cancer patients. Inhibition of NRF2 is a promising therapeutic approach for NRF2‐addicted cancers and NRF2 inhibitors are being actively developed. However, giving systemic NRF2 inhibitors might have undesirable effects on cancer‐bearing hosts, considering the central roles of NRF2 in cytoprotection. To avoid these side‐effects, new therapeutic targets besides NRF2 for NRF2‐addicted cancers have been actively explored. This review introduces recent studies describing the development and characterization of NRF2‐addicted cancers, as well as their potential therapeutic targets. Expected advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for NRF2‐addicted cancers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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106
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Liu G, Liu Y, Gao Q, Zou L, Zeng W, Zhang N. Activation of AKT pathway by Nrf2/PDGFA feedback loop contributes to HCC progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65389-65402. [PMID: 27588483 PMCID: PMC5323163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor in the antioxidant response, has been found to be ubiquitously expressed in various cancer cells and in the regulation tumor proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance activities. The regulatory roles of Nrf2 in controlling Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Nrf2 was significantly elevated in HCC cells and tissues and was correlated with poor prognosis of HCCs. Consistently, Nrf2 significantly promoted HCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation suggested a novel association of Nrf2 with Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A (PDGFA). Nrf2 promoted PDGFA transcription by recruiting specificity protein 1 (Sp1) to its promoter, resulting in increased activation of the AKT/p21 pathway and cell cycle progression of HCC cells. As a feedback loop, PDGFA enhanced Nrf2 expression and activation in an AKT dependent manner. In line with these findings, expression of Nrf2 and PDGFA were positively correlated in HCC tissues. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel mechanism of the Nrf2/PDGFA regulatory loop that is crucial for AKT-dependent HCC progression, and thereby provides potential targets for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongmei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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107
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Targeting of stress response pathways in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:583-602. [PMID: 29339119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of tumor tissue are not only genetic aberrations but also the presence of metabolic and oxidative stress as a result of hypoxia and lactic acidosis. The stress activates several prosurvival pathways including metabolic remodeling, autophagy, antioxidant response, mitohormesis, and glutaminolysis, whose upregulation in tumors is associated with a poor survival of patients, while their activation in healthy tissue with statins, metformin, physical activity, and natural compounds prevents carcinogenesis. This review emphasizes the dual role of stress response pathways in cancer and suggests the integrative understanding as a basis for the development of rational therapy targeting the stress response.
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108
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Lin Y, Sui LC, Wu RH, Ma RJ, Fu HY, Xu JJ, Qiu XH, Chen L. Nrf2 inhibition affects cell cycle progression during early mouse embryo development. J Reprod Dev 2017; 64:49-55. [PMID: 29249781 PMCID: PMC5830358 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brusatol, a quassinoid isolated from the fruit of Bruceajavanica, has recently been shown to inhibit nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via Keap1-dependent ubiquitination and
proteasomal degradation or protein synthesis. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense response. Most studies have focused on the effects of Nrf2 in tumor development. Here, the critical roles
of Nrf2 in mouse early embryonic development were investigated. We found that brusatol treatment at the zygotic stage prevented the early embryo development. Most embryos stayed at the two-cell stage after 5 days of
culture (P < 0.05). This effect was associated with the cell cycle arrest, as the mRNA level of CDK1 and cyclin B decreased at the two-cell stage after brusatol treatment. The embryo
development potency was partially rescued by the injection of Nrf2 CRISPR activation plasmid. Thus, brusatol inhibited early embryo development by affecting Nrf2-related cell cycle transition from G2 to M
phase that is dependent on cyclin B-CDK1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Cai Sui
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Hua Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jun Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hua Qiu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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109
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Tian B, Lu ZN, Guo XL. Regulation and role of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:70-76. [PMID: 29223570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemoresistance, which is regarded as a kind of stress management reaction to chemotherapy drugs, severely hinders the therapy outcomes of HCC treatment. Stress management is generally achieved by activating certain signal pathways and chemical factors, among which, nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) is a key factor in HCC chemoresistance formation. Nrf2 is a nuclear factor that coordinates the induction and expression of a battery of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins when participating in the Nrf2antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway, which is one of the most important intracellular antioxidant stress pathways. This review summarizes the recent understanding of the involvement of Nrf2 in the chemoresistance of liver cancer, its target proteins, expression regulation and potential Nrf2 inhibitors that sensitize chemotherapy drugs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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110
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Beck M, Schirmacher P, Singer S. Alterations of the nuclear transport system in hepatocellular carcinoma - New basis for therapeutic strategies. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1051-1061. [PMID: 28673770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide with rising incidence in industrialised countries, few therapeutic options and poor prognosis. To expand and improve therapeutic strategies, identification of drug targets involved in several liver cancer-related pathways is crucial. Virtually all signal transduction cascades cross the nuclear envelope and therefore require components of the nuclear transport system (NTS), including nuclear transport receptors (e.g. importins and exportins) and the nuclear pore complex. Accordingly, members of the NTS represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export have already entered clinical trials for various malignancies. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding alterations of the NTS and their potential for targeted therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Singer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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111
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Brod JM, Demasi APD, Montalli VA, Teixeira LN, Furuse C, Aguiar MC, Soares AB, Sperandio M, Araujo VC. Nrf2-peroxiredoxin I axis in polymorphous adenocarcinoma is associated with low matrix metalloproteinase 2 level. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:793-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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112
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Wang L, Zhang C, Qin L, Xu J, Li X, Wang W, Kong L, Zhou T, Li X. The prognostic value of NRF2 in solid tumor patients: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1257-1265. [PMID: 29416692 PMCID: PMC5787436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is known as a potential therapeutic target of solid tumor for that it is a master regulator of the injury and inflammation response, including controlling antioxidant cell progress. Recent studies showed that NRF2 played significant roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, however no association and relationship between NRF2 expression and different clinical manifestation of solid tumor had been accurately evaluated. The present meta-analysis picked up 17 suitable articles from EMBASE, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science databases, including 2238 patients. Combined with results of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), we concluded that a higher expression of NRF2 would have worse impact on overall survival (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.80–2.91, P < 0.05) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.36–4.00, P < 0.05) by a random-effect model. Moreover, further results were positively correlated to the clinical diagnosis, curative effect observation and prognosis, including tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical stage. Consequently, our data shown that NRF2 is a potential poor prognostic factor in a variety of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Litao Qin
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lingqin Kong
- Jining Tumor Hospital, Jining No.1 People's Hospital North Campus, Shandong, China
| | - Taizhen Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Changle, Shandong, China
| | - Xichuan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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113
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Guo Y, Shen L. Overexpression of NRF2 is correlated with prognoses of patients with malignancies: A meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:558-564. [PMID: 28766861 PMCID: PMC5668508 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous published research has demonstrated that NRF2 expression is a poor prognostic factor for many malignancies. However, because of the small sample enrolled in a single study, it is difficult to draw valuable conclusions. Therefore, we hypothesized that NRF2 overexpression in cancer tissues may be associated with the prognoses of patients with solid malignancies, and conducted a systemic review and meta‐analysis. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Ovid databases for relevant studies regarding the role of NRF2 expression in solid malignancies was conducted. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from these studies to provide pooled estimates of the effect of NRF2 expression on patients’ overall and disease‐free survival. Results Nine studies met the criteria for analysis. Statistical analysis demonstrated that compared to patients with low NRF2 expression, patients with overexpression of NRF2 had poorer overall survival (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.57–2.56; P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.29–8.15; P = 0.025). Conclusion Published evidence of the role of NRF2 expression in survival of cancer patients is limited. This analysis supports the view that NRF2 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor for solid malignancies, thus optimizing treatment for patients with NRF2 overexpression may improve their overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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114
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Pandey P, Singh AK, Singh M, Tewari M, Shukla HS, Gambhir IS. The see-saw of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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115
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Progression of Hepatic Adenoma to Carcinoma in Ogg1 Mutant Mice Induced by Phenobarbital. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8541064. [PMID: 28785378 PMCID: PMC5530452 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8541064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic potential of phenobarbital (PB) was assessed in a mouse line carrying a mutant Mmh allele of the Mmh/Ogg1 gene encoding the enzyme oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) responsible for the repair of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Mmh homozygous mutant (Ogg1−/−) and wild-type (Ogg1+/+) male and female, 10-week-old, mice were treated with 500 ppm PB in diet for 78 weeks. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were found in PB-treated Ogg1−/− mice, while Ogg1+/+ animals developed only hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) at the same rate. This was coordinated with PB-induced significant elevation of 8-OHdG formation in DNA and cell proliferation in adjacent liver of Ogg1−/− mice. Proteome analysis predicted activation of transcriptional factor Nrf2 in the livers and HCAs of PB-administered Ogg1+/+ mice; however, its activation was insufficient or absent in the livers and HCCs of Ogg1−/− mice, respectively. Significant elevation of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes was demonstrated in both Ogg1−/− and Ogg1+/+ animals. Treatment of Ogg1−/− mice with PB resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the liver. These results indicate that PB induced progression from HCA to HCC in Ogg1−/− mice, due to persistent accumulation of DNA oxidative base modifications and suppression of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response, resulting in significant elevation of cell proliferation.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang ZH, Huang XH, Zheng WB, Yin XF, Li YL, Li B, He QY. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces protective autophagy in lung cancer cells via Nrf2-p62-keap1 feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2876. [PMID: 28617433 PMCID: PMC5584574 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isodeoxyelephantopin (ESI), isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. has been reported to exert anticancer effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether and how cancer cells exert protective responses against ESI treatment. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that ESI significantly induced autophagy flux in the lung cancer cells expressing mCherry-EGFP-LC3 reporter. Treatment of the cells with ESI increased the expression levels of the autophagy markers including LC3-II, ATG3 and Beclin1 in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) not only attenuated the effects of ESI on autophagy, but also enhanced the effects of ESI on cell viability and apoptosis. Mechanistically, the SILAC quantitative proteomics coupled with bioinformatics analysis revealed that the ESI-regulated proteins were mainly involved in Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response. We found that ESI induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 for activating the downstream target genes including HO-1 and p62 (SQSTM1). More importantly, ESI-induced p62 could competitively bind with Keap1, and releases Nrf2 to activate downstream target gene p62 as a positive feedback loop, therefore promoting autophagy. Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 or p62 could abrogate the ESI-induced autophagy and significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of ESI. Taken together, we demonstrated that ESI can sustain cell survival by activating protective autophagy through Nrf2-p62-keap1 feedback loop, whereas targeting this regulatory axis combined with ESI treatment may be a promising strategy for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Weickert MO, Thornalley PJ. Multiple roles of glyoxalase 1-mediated suppression of methylglyoxal glycation in cancer biology-Involvement in tumour suppression, tumour growth, multidrug resistance and target for chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 49:83-93. [PMID: 28506645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is part of the glyoxalase system in the cytoplasm of all human cells. It catalyses the glutathione-dependent removal of the endogenous reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG). MG is formed mainly as a side product of anaerobic glycolysis. It modifies protein and DNA to form mainly hydroimidazolone MG-H1 and imidazopurinone MGdG adducts, respectively. Abnormal accumulation of MG, dicarbonyl stress, increases adduct levels which may induce apoptosis and replication catastrophe. In the non-malignant state, Glo1 is a tumour suppressor protein and small molecule inducers of Glo1 expression may find use in cancer prevention. Increased Glo1 expression is permissive for growth of tumours with high glycolytic activity and is thereby a biomarker of tumour growth. High Glo1 expression is a cause of multi-drug resistance. It is produced by over-activation of the Nrf2 pathway and GLO1 amplification. Glo1 inhibitors are antitumour agents, inducing apoptosis and necrosis, and anoikis. Tumour stem cells and tumours with high flux of MG formation and Glo1 expression are sensitive to Glo1 inhibitor therapy. It is likely that MG-induced cell death contributes to the mechanism of action of current antitumour agents. Common refractory tumours have high prevalence of Glo1 overexpression for which Glo1 inhibitors may improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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118
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Strange Bedfellows: Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 (Nrf2) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) in Tumor Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020027. [PMID: 28383481 PMCID: PMC5488007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance is an emerging focus of cancer biology. Hypoxia, or low oxygen, is a hallmark of solid tumors that promotes metastasis and represents a significant obstacle to successful cancer therapy. In response to hypoxia, cancer cells activate a transcriptional program that allows them to survive and thrive in this harsh microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is considered the main effector of the cellular response to hypoxia, stimulating the transcription of genes involved in promoting angiogenesis and altering cellular metabolism. However, growing evidence suggests that the cellular response to hypoxia is much more complex, involving coordinated signaling through stress response pathways. One key signaling molecule that is activated in response to hypoxia is nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like-2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is a transcription factor that controls the expression of antioxidant-response genes, allowing the cell to regulate reactive oxygen species. Nrf2 is also activated in various cancer types due to genetic and epigenetic alterations, and is associated with poor survival and resistance to therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that coordinated signaling through Nrf2 and HIF-1 is critical for tumor survival and progression. In this review, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of HIF-1 and Nrf2 in the cellular response to hypoxia, with a focus on how targeting Nrf2 could provide novel chemotherapeutic modalities for treating solid tumors.
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119
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Oxidative stress indicated by elevated expression of Nrf2 and 8-OHdG promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Med Oncol 2017; 34:57. [PMID: 28281193 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is excessively generated in tumors creating an oxidative stress in tumor microenvironment. We investigated hepatic expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and asked if ROS epigenetically upregulated Nrf2 and enhanced aggressiveness in HCC cells. Expression of Nrf2 (n = 100) and 8-OHdG (n = 53) was remarkably increased in HCC tissues compared with the noncancerous hepatic tissues. Elevated expression of 8-OHdG was associated with poor survival in HCC patients. H2O2, as ROS representative, provoked oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, indicated by increased protein carbonyl content and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Nrf2 expression and 8-OHdG formation were markedly increased in the H2O2-treated cells compared with the untreated control. Co-treatment with antioxidants, tocopheryl acetate (TA) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) effectively attenuated expression of Nrf2 and 8-OHdG in H2O2-treated cells. HepG2 cells treated with H2O2 had significantly higher migration and invasion capabilities than the untreated control cells, and this aggressiveness was significantly inhibited by TA and SAM. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that CpG dinucleotides in Nrf2 promoter were unmethylated in the H2O2-treated cells similar to the untreated control. In conclusion, robust histological evidence of increased antioxidative response and oxidative DNA damage in human HCC tissues was demonstrated. Elevated oxidative DNA lesion 8-OHdG was associated with shorter survival. Experimentally, ROS enhanced Nrf2 expression, 8-OHdG formation and tumor progression in HCC cells. These effects were inhibited by antioxidants. Therefore, oxidative stress-reducing regimens might be beneficial to diminish the ROS-induced HCC progression.
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120
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Meng C, Song L, Wang J, Li D, Liu Y, Cui X. Propofol induces proliferation partially via downregulation of p53 protein and promotes migration via activation of the Nrf2 pathway in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:841-848. [PMID: 28035403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants induce the proliferation of cancers by decreasing the expression of p53. Propofol, one of the most extensively used intravenous anesthetics, provides its antioxidative activity via activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway, but the mechanisms involved in the effects remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the function of p53 and Nrf2 in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 following treatment with propofol. The cells were treated with propofol (2, 5 and 10 µg/ml) for 1, 4 and 12 h, and MTT assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and a wound healing assay was used to evaluate cell migration. Cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, and western blot analysis for p53 and Nrf2 protein were also assessed. Finally, PIK-75, a potent Nrf2 inhibitor, was used to confirm the effects of Nrf2 after treatment with propofol. Treatment of MDA-MB‑231 cells with propofol resulted in increased proliferation and migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After treatment with propofol for 12 h, the Nrf2 protein expression was increased, while the percentage of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity, and expression of p53 were significantly decreased. Additionally, treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, inhibited the migration almost completely, and decreased the degree of proliferation, while the expression of p53 was not affected. In conclusion, propofol increased the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB‑231 cells, which was at least partially associated with the inhibition of the expression of p53, and induced cell migration, which was involved in the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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121
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Zhu J, Wang H, Chen F, Fu J, Xu Y, Hou Y, Kou HH, Zhai C, Nelson MB, Zhang Q, Andersen ME, Pi J. An overview of chemical inhibitors of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and their potential applications in cancer therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:544-556. [PMID: 27634172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating a wide array of genes for antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in response to oxidative and xenobiotic stress. A large number of Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) activators have been screened for use as chemopreventive agents in oxidative stress-related diseases and even cancer. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 occurs in a variety of cancers. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 is correlated with cancer progression, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. In this review, we examine recent studies of Nrf2-ARE inhibitors in the context of cancer therapy. We enumerate the possible Nrf2-inhibiting mechanisms of these compounds, their effects sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, and the prospect of applying them in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Heping Area, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Henry H Kou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Cheng Zhai
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - M Bud Nelson
- MedBlue Incubator, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, ScitoVation, LLC, NC 27709, USA LLC
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
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122
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Chen J, Yu Y, Ji T, Ma R, Chen M, Li G, Li F, Ding Q, Kang Q, Huang D, Liang X, Lin H, Cai X. Clinical implication of Keap1 and phosphorylated Nrf2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2678-2687. [PMID: 27650414 PMCID: PMC5083719 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, variation tendency of phosphorylated Nrf2, as the activated form of native Nrf2, was studied in 107 primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens treated by curative hepatectomy. Moreover, the coexpression of oxidative stress markers Keap1 and pNrf2, and their association with pathological features were also evaluated based on those specimens. The results showed that preserved cytoplasmic Keap1 expression of cancer cells was observed in 59 HCCs, while reduced Keap1 expression was determined in remaining 48 ones. With regarding to nuclear pNrf2 expression, 75 HCCs were defined as high and the other 32 ones as low. There was a significant association between Keap1 and pNrf2 expression in HCCs. Higher pNrf2 expression was observed, at a more substantial proportion, in those specimens with reduced Keap1 expression, compared to those with preserved Keap1 expression. The subset with higher pNrf2 and reduced Keap1 expression was defined as pNrf2+ Keap1−. According to the analysis of prognosis, this subset was significantly associated with poor 5‐year overall survival and worse disease‐free survival in HCCs, indicating that pNrf2 and Keap1 were two‐functional biomolecules, not only the oxidative stress markers but also biomarkers for prognosis of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaojun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feibo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Putuo hospital, zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Putuo hospital, zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingsong Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Putuo hospital, zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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123
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Taniguchi K, Yamachika S, He F, Karin M. p62/SQSTM1-Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that prevents oxidative stress but promotes liver cancer. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2375-97. [PMID: 27404485 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is a multifunctional signaling hub and autophagy adaptor with many binding partners, which allow it to activate mTORC1-dependent nutrient sensing, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, and the NRF2-activated antioxidant defense. p62 recognizes polyubiquitin chains via its C-terminal domain and binds to LC3 via its LIR motif, thereby promoting the autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated cargos. p62 accumulates in many human liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it is a component of Mallory-Denk bodies and intracellular hyaline bodies. Chronic p62 elevation contributes to HCC development by preventing oncogene-induced senescence and death of cancer-initiating cells and enhancing their proliferation. In this review, we discuss p62-mediated signaling pathways and their roles in liver pathophysiology, especially NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamachika
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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124
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Cort A, Ozben T, Saso L, De Luca C, Korkina L. Redox Control of Multidrug Resistance and Its Possible Modulation by Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4251912. [PMID: 26881027 PMCID: PMC4736404 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4251912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of anticancer chemotherapies is dramatically hampered by multidrug resistance (MDR) dependent on inherited traits, acquired defence against toxins, and adaptive mechanisms mounting in tumours. There is overwhelming evidence that molecular events leading to MDR are regulated by redox mechanisms. For example, chemotherapeutics which overrun the first obstacle of redox-regulated cellular uptake channels (MDR1, MDR2, and MDR3) induce a concerted action of phase I/II metabolic enzymes with a temporal redox-regulated axis. This results in rapid metabolic transformation and elimination of a toxin. This metabolic axis is tightly interconnected with the inducible Nrf2-linked pathway, a key switch-on mechanism for upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and detoxifying systems. As a result, chemotherapeutics and cytotoxic by-products of their metabolism (ROS, hydroperoxides, and aldehydes) are inactivated and MDR occurs. On the other hand, tumour cells are capable of mounting an adaptive antioxidant response against ROS produced by chemotherapeutics and host immune cells. The multiple redox-dependent mechanisms involved in MDR prompted suggesting redox-active drugs (antioxidants and prooxidants) or inhibitors of inducible antioxidant defence as a novel approach to diminish MDR. Pitfalls and progress in this direction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Cort
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sanko University, İncili Pınar, Gazi Muhtar Paşa Bulvarı, Sehitkamil, 27090 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Campus, Dumlupınar Street, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Evidence-Based Well-Being (EB-WB) Ltd., 31 Alt-Stralau, 10245 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab, 197 Vernadskogo Prospekt, Moscow 119571, Russia
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