Prodrug approaches for CNS delivery

Various drug delivery approaches to the central nervous system

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD

The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an insurmountable obstacle, in particular, and other barriers in brain and periphery contribute to hindrance of the successful diagnosis and treatment of a myriad of central nervous system pathologies. This review discusses several strategies adopted to define a rational drug delivery approach to the CNS along with a short description of the strategies implemented by the authors' group to enhance the analgesic activity, a CNS property, of chimeric peptide of Met-enkephalin and FMRFa (YGGFMKKKFMRFa-YFa).

AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW

Various approaches for drug delivery to the CNS with their beneficial and non-beneficial aspects, supported by an extensive literature survey published recently, up to August 2009.

WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN

The reader will have the privilege of gaining an understanding of previous as well as recent approaches to breaching the CNS barriers.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

Among the various strategies discussed, the potential for efficacious CNS drug targeting in future lies either with the non-invasively administered multifunctional nanosystems or these nanosystems without characterstics such as long systemic circulating capability and avoiding reticuloendothelial system scavenging system of the body, endogenous transporters and efflux inhibitors administered by convection-enhanced delivery.

Prodrug approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility

Low water solubility and low bioavailability are frequent problems in drug development, particularly in the area of central nervous system (CNS) drugs. This short review describes selected prodrug approaches which have been developed to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, especially that of poorly soluble drugs. Some of the most successful drugs on the market are prodrugs. With a better understanding of active-transport processes at cell membranes in the gut as well as at the blood-brain barrier, the importance of prodrug approaches will further increase in the future. Prodrug approaches will already be considered in the early phase of drug discovery.