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Hyaluronan biology: A complex balancing act of structure, function, location and context. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:1-10. [PMID: 30802498 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions are fundamental to many developmental, homeostatic, immune and pathologic processes. Hyaluronan (HA), a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulates normal structural integrity and development, also regulates tissue responses during injury, repair, and regeneration. Though simple in its primary structure, HA regulates biological responses in a highly complex manner with balanced contributions from its molecular size and concentration, synthesis versus enzymatic and/or oxidative-nitrative fragmentation, interactions with key HA binding proteins and cell associated receptors, and its cell context-specific signaling. This review highlights the different, but inter-related factors that dictate the biological activity of HA and introduces the overarching themes that weave throughout this special issue of Matrix Biology on hyaluronan.
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102
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Bhat SM, Massey N, Karriker LA, Singh B, Charavaryamath C. Ethyl pyruvate reduces organic dust-induced airway inflammation by targeting HMGB1-RAGE signaling. Respir Res 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30728013 PMCID: PMC6364446 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal production workers are persistently exposed to organic dust and can suffer from a variety of respiratory disease symptoms and annual decline in lung function. The role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in inflammatory airway diseases is emerging. Hence, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust exposure of airway epithelial cells induces nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and blocking this translocation dampens organic dust-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Rats were exposed to either ambient air or swine barn (8 h/day for either 1, 5, or 20 days) and lung tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry. Swine barn dust was collected and organic dust extract (ODE) was prepared and sterilized. Human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was exposed to either media or organic dust extract followed by treatment with media or ethyl pyruvate (EP) or anti-HMGB1 antibody. Immunoblotting, ELISA and other assays were performed at 0 (control), 6, 24 and 48 h. Data (as mean ± SEM) was analyzed using one or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparison test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, barn exposed rats showed an increase in the expression of HMGB1 in the lungs. Compared to controls, ODE exposed BEAS-2B cells showed nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, co-localization of HMGB1 and RAGE, reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. EP treatment reduced the ODE induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, HMGB1 expression in the cytoplasmic fraction, GM-CSF and IL-1β production and augmented the production of TGF-β1 and IL-10. Anti-HMGB1 treatment reduced ODE-induced NF-κB p65 expression, IL-6, ROS and RNS but augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1-RAGE signaling is an attractive target to abrogate OD-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State university, Ames, IA USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2500 University Dr. NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Canada
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Cuellar J, Pietikäinen A, Glader O, Liljenbäck H, Söderström M, Hurme S, Salo J, Hytönen J. Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Biglycan Knockout Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:116-126. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cuellar
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Annukka Pietikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Otto Glader
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku
| | - Mirva Söderström
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku
| | | | - Jukka Hytönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Laboratory Division, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Järvinen TAH, Ruoslahti E. Generation of a multi-functional, target organ-specific, anti-fibrotic molecule by molecular engineering of the extracellular matrix protein, decorin. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:16-25. [PMID: 29847688 PMCID: PMC6284330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules play important roles in regulating processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Decorin is a proteoglycan that binds to ('decorates') collagen fibrils in the ECM. Decorin also interacts with many growth factors and their receptors, the most notable of these interactions being its inhibitory activity on TGF-β, the growth factor responsible for fibrosis formation. We have generated a recombinant, multi-functional, fusion-protein consisting of decorin as a therapeutic domain and a vascular homing and cell-penetrating peptide as a targeting vehicle. This recombinant decorin (CAR-DCN) accumulates at the sites of the targeted disease at higher levels and, as a result, has substantially enhanced biological activity over native decorin. CAR-DCN is an example of how molecular engineering can give a compound the ability to seek out sites of disease and enhance its therapeutic potential. CAR-DCN will hopefully be used to treat severe human diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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105
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Aungier SR, Cartwright AJ, Schwenzer A, Marshall JL, Dyson MR, Slavny P, Parthiban K, Karatt-Vellatt A, Sahbudin I, Culbert E, Hextall P, Clanchy FI, Williams R, Marsden BD, Raza K, Filer A, Buckley CD, McCafferty J, Midwood KS. Targeting early changes in the synovial microenvironment: a new class of immunomodulatory therapy? Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:186-191. [PMID: 30552174 PMCID: PMC6352652 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Controlled immune responses rely on integrated crosstalk between cells and their microenvironment. We investigated whether targeting proinflammatory signals from the extracellular matrix that persist during pathological inflammation provides a viable strategy to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Monoclonal antibodies recognising the fibrinogen-like globe (FBG) of tenascin-C were generated by phage display. Clones that neutralised FBG activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), without impacting pathogenic TLR4 activation, were epitope mapped by crystallography. Antibodies stained synovial biopsies of patients at different stages of RA development. Antibody efficacy in preventing RA synovial cell cytokine release, and in modulating collagen-induced arthritis in rats, was assessed. Results Tenascin-C is expressed early in the development of RA, even before disease diagnosis, with higher levels in the joints of people with synovitis who eventually developed RA than in people whose synovitis spontaneously resolved. Anti-FBG antibodies inhibited cytokine release by RA synovial cells and prevented disease progression and tissue destruction during collagen-induced arthritis. Conclusions Early changes in the synovial microenvironment contribute to RA progression; blocking proinflammatory signals from the matrix can ameliorate experimental arthritis. These data highlight a new drug class that could offer early, disease-specific immune modulation in RA, without engendering global immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Aungier
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison J Cartwright
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ilfita Sahbudin
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Felix Il Clanchy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher Dominic Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Longo CM, Higgins PJ. Molecular biomarkers of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 106:1-6. [PMID: 30414981 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), a complication of Graves' disease (GD), is typified by orbital inflammation, ocular tissue expansion and remodeling and, ultimately, fibrosis. Orbital fibroblasts are key effectors of GO pathogenesis exhibiting exaggerated inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses to cytokines released by infiltrating immune cells. Activated orbital fibroblasts also produce inflammatory mediators that contribute to disease progression, facilitate the orbital trafficking of monocytes and macrophages, promote differentiation of matrix-producing myofibroblasts and stimulate accumulation of a hyaluronan-rich stroma, which leads to orbital tissue edema and fibrosis. Proteomic and transcriptome profiling of the genomic response of ocular and non-ocular fibroblasts to INF-γ and TGF-β1 focused on identification of translationally-relevant therapeutic candidates. Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, SERPINE1), a clade E member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) gene family and a prominent regulator of the pericellular proteolytic microenvironment, was one of the most highly up-regulated proteins in INF-γ- or TGF-β1-stimulated GO fibroblasts as well as in severe active GD compared to patients without thyroid disease. PAI-1 has multifunctional roles in inflammatory and fibrotic processes that impact tissue remodeling, immune cell trafficking and survival as well as signaling through several receptor systems. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of the GO fibroblast and possible targets for effective drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, United States.
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McCarthy JB, El-Ashry D, Turley EA. Hyaluronan, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Microenvironment in Malignant Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:48. [PMID: 29868579 PMCID: PMC5951929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the roles of CAFs in forming a “cancerized” fibrotic stroma favorable to tumor initiation and dissemination, in particular highlighting the functions of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan (HA) in these processes. The structural complexity of the tumor and its host microenvironment is now well appreciated to be an important contributing factor to malignant progression and resistance-to-therapy. There are multiple components of this complexity, which include an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and associated biomechanical changes in tumor stroma. Tumor stroma is often fibrotic and rich in fibrillar type I collagen and hyaluronan (HA). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major source of this fibrotic ECM. CAFs organize collagen fibrils and these biomechanical alterations provide highways for invading carcinoma cells either under the guidance of CAFs or following their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The increased HA metabolism of a tumor microenvironment instructs carcinoma initiation and dissemination by performing multiple functions. The key effects of HA reviewed here are its role in activating CAFs in pre-malignant and malignant stroma, and facilitating invasion by promoting motility of both CAFs and tumor cells, thus facilitating their invasion. Circulating CAFs (cCAFs) also form heterotypic clusters with circulating tumor cells (CTC), which are considered to be pre-cursors of metastatic colonies. cCAFs are likely required for extravasation of tumors cells and to form a metastatic niche suitable for new tumor colony growth. Therapeutic interventions designed to target both HA and CAFs in order to limit tumor spread and increase response to current therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eva A Turley
- London Regional Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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