101
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He X, Zhang W, Liao L, Fu X, Yu Q, Jin Y. Identification and characterization of microRNAs by high through-put sequencing in mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue from mice of age-related osteoporosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71895. [PMID: 23991002 PMCID: PMC3749187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional deficiencies of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may contribute to the aging process and age-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Although it has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) played an important role in mechanisms of gene regulation of aging, and their expression profiles in MSCs osteogenic differentiation were established in recent years, but it is still elusive for the dynamic patterns of miRNAs in aging process. Importantly, the miRNAs in aged bone tissue had not been yet reported so far. Here, we combined high through-put sequencing with computational techniques to detect miRNAs dynamics in MSCs and bone tissue of age-related osteoporosis. Among the detected miRNAs, 59 identified miRNAs in MSCs and 159 in bone showed significantly differential expressions. And more importantly, there existed 8 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated miRNAs in both MSCs and bone during the aging process, with the majority having a trend of down-regulation. Furthermore, after target prediction and KEGG pathway analysis, we found that their targeted genes were significantly enriched in pathways in cancer, which are complex genetic networks, comprise of a number of age-related pathways. These results strongly suggest that these analyzed miRNAs may be negatively involved in age-related osteoporosis, given that most of them showed a decreased expression, which could lay a good foundation for further functional analysis of these miRNAs in age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning He
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering technology center for tissue engineering of Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering technology center for tissue engineering of Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liao
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering technology center for tissue engineering of Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering technology center for tissue engineering of Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering technology center for tissue engineering of Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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102
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Chen Y, Song YX, Wang ZN. The microRNA-148/152 family: multi-faceted players. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:43. [PMID: 23683438 PMCID: PMC3671164 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs(miRNA) are noncoding RNAs of about 19–23 nucleotides that are crucial for many biological processes. Members of the microRNA-148/152(miR-148/152) family, which include microRNA-148a(miR-148a), microRNA-148b(miR-148b), and microRNA-152(miR-152), are expressed differently in tumor and nontumor tissues and are involved in the genesis and development of disease. Furthermore, members of the miR-148/152 family are important in the growth and development of normal tissues. Members of the miR-148/152 family regulate target genes and are regulated by methylation of CPG islands. In this review, we report recent studies on the expression of members of the miR-148/152 family, methylation of CPG islands, and their target genes in different diseases, as well as in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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103
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Wu K, Xu J, Liu M, Song W, Yan J, Gao S, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Induction of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells via a lyophilized microRNA reverse transfection formulation on a tissue culture plate. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1595-607. [PMID: 23662054 PMCID: PMC3647447 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) regulation is a novel approach to manipulating the fate of mesenchymal stem cells, but an easy, safe, and highly efficient method of transfection is required. In this study, we developed an miRNA reverse transfection formulation by lyophilizing Lipofectamine 2000-miRNA lipoplexes on a tissue culture plate. The lipoplexes can be immobilized on a tissue culture plate with an intact pseudospherical structure and lyophilization without any lyoprotectant. In this study, reverse transfection resulted in highly efficient cellular uptake of miRNA and enabled significant manipulation of the intracellular target miRNA level. Reverse transfection formulations containing Lipofectamine 2000 1 μL per well generated much higher transfection efficiency without obvious cytotoxicity compared with conventional and other transfection methods. Further, the transfection efficiency of the reverse transfection formulations did not deteriorate during 90 days of storage at 4°C and -20°C. We then assessed the efficiency of the miRNA reverse transfection formulation in promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We found that transfection with anti-miR-138 and miR-148b was efficient for enhancing osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by enhanced osteogenesis-related gene expression, amount of alkaline phosphatase present, production of collagen, and matrix mineralization. Overall, the miRNA reverse transfection formulation developed in this study is a promising approach for miRNA transfection which can control stem cell fate and is suitable for loading miRNAs onto various biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Wu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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104
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Huang J, Song G, Yin Z, Luo X, Ye Z. Elevated miR-29a expression is not correlated with disease activity index in PBMCs of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol 2013. [PMID: 23632741 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-013-0891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by new bone formation. Recent evidence suggests that new bone formation in AS may be due to upregulation of Wnt signaling in the osteoblastic pathway secondary to low serum Dickkopf homolog 1 (Dkk-1) levels. And miR-29a orchestrates osteoblast differentiation through direct targeting and negative regulation of Dkk-1. METHODS: We initially validated the expression levels of miR-29a in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AS patients (n = 30), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Correlation analysis was assessed between miR-29a level in PBMCs of AS patients and disease activity indexes, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI) and modified Stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score (mSASSS). RESULTS: Significantly higher expression of miR-29a was observed in PBMCs of AS patients (Ct 9.18 ± 1.96) compared with that in RA patients (10.97 ± 0.70, p < 0.001) and healthy controls (Ct 11.45 ± 1.23, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between RA patients and healthy controls in miR-29a expression (p > 0.05). Elevated miR-29a expression is not correlated with disease activity index (p > 0.05). A weak correlation was found between elevated miR-29a expression and mSASSS (r = -0.393, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: We report for the first time elevated miR-29a expression in PBMCs of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and miR-29a might be used as a useful diagnostic marker in new bone formation but cannot reflect disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Huang
- Rheumatology Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China Rheumatology Institute of Guangdong Medical College, 22 Nonglin Road, Shenzhen, 518040, China
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105
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Wu K, Song W, Zhao L, Liu M, Yan J, Andersen MØ, Kjems J, Gao S, Zhang Y. MicroRNA functionalized microporous titanium oxide surface by lyophilization with enhanced osteogenic activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2733-2744. [PMID: 23459382 DOI: 10.1021/am400374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing biomedical titanium (Ti) implants with high osteogenic ability and consequent rigid osseointegration is a constant requirement from the clinic. In this study, we fabricate novel miRNA functionalized microporous Ti implants by lyophilizing miRNA lipoplexes onto a microporous titanium oxide surface formed by microarc oxidation (MAO). The microporous titanium oxide surface provides a larger surface area for miRNA loading and enables spatial retention of the miRNAs within the pores until cellular delivery. The loading of lipoplexes into the micropores on the MAO Ti surface is facilitated by the superhydrophilicity and Ti-OH groups gathering of the MAO surface after UV irradiation followed by lyophilization. A high miRNA transfection efficiency was observed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto the miRNA functionalized surface with no apparent cytotoxicity. When functionalizing the Ti surface with miR-29b that enhances osteogenic activity and antimiR-138 that inhibits miR-138 inhibition of endogenous osteogenesis, clear stimulation of MSC osteogenic differentiation was observed, in terms of up-regulating osteogenic expression and enhancing alkaline phosphatase production, collagen secretion and ECM mineralization. The novel miRNA functionalized Ti implants with enhanced osteogenic activity promisingly lead to more rapid and robust osseointegration of a clinical bone implant interface. Our study implies that lyophilization may constitute a versatile method for miRNA loading to other biomaterials with the aim of controlling cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Wu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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106
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Human papillomaviruses modulate microRNA 145 expression to directly control genome amplification. J Virol 2013; 87:6037-43. [PMID: 23468503 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00153-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) modulate expression of host microRNAs. Our deep-sequencing analysis of organotypic raft cultures identified microRNA 145 (miR-145) as a differentiation-dependent microRNA that has functionally active target sequences in the HPV-31 E1 and E2 open reading frames. Overexpression of miR-145 in HPV-positive cells resulted in reduced genome amplification and late gene expression, along with decreased levels of cellular transcription factor KLF-4. Our studies show that HPV modulates miR-145 expression to control its own life cycle.
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107
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Andersen MØ, Dillschneider P, Kjems J. The Role of MicroRNAs in Natural Tissue Development and Application in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4744-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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108
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Song W, Wu K, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhao L. MiR-148b laden titanium implant promoting osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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109
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Mura M, Cappato S, Giacopelli F, Ravazzolo R, Bocciardi R. The role of the 3'UTR region in the regulation of the ACVR1/Alk-2 gene expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50958. [PMID: 23227223 PMCID: PMC3515447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ACVR1/Alk-2 gene, encoding a BMP type I receptor, is mutated in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, a severe form of heterotopic ossification. Regulation of ACVR1/Alk-2 expression, still poorly understood, is likely to be controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In our work, we focused on the functional role of the 3′UTR region of the gene and on microRNAs as possible modulators of the ACVR1/Alk-2 expression. Results The ACVR1/Alk-2 3′UTR region consists of a 1.1 kb sequence harboring several putative, well-conserved binding sites for miRNAs in its proximal half, and AU-rich elements in the distal one, as assessed by bioinformatic analysis. The functional role of this region was tested in presence of transcription inhibitors and in transfection experiments in different cell lines, with a ACVR1/Alk-2-3′UTR reporter construct. By this transfection-based approach, we have also verified that three microRNAs, among those predicted to target ACVR1/Alk-2 gene by in silico analysis, can bind its 3′UTR sequence thereby modulating its expression. Conclusion In this work we demonstrated that the ACVR1/Alk-2 transcript is unstable in presence of inhibitors of transcription. Functional analysis of the 3′UTR region by Luciferase reporter assays showed that it plays an inhibitory role on ACVR1/Alk-2 gene expression. Moreover, we found that specific miRNAs are involved in modulating ACVR1/Alk-2 gene expression as suggested by binding sites prediction in its 3′UTR sequence. In particular, we found that mir148b and mir365 were able to down-regulate ACVR1/Alk-2 expression, whereas mir26a showed a positive effect on its mRNA. Our data contribute to elucidate some of the mechanisms intervening in the modulation of ACVR1/Alk-2 expression. Considering that no specific and effective treatment of FOP is available, clarifying the basic mechanisms of the ACVR1/Alk-2 gene biology may provide means to develop innovative therapeutics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Mura
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Cappato
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova and CEBR, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Giacopelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova and CEBR, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova and CEBR, Genova, Italy
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova and CEBR, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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110
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Maciotta S, Meregalli M, Cassinelli L, Parolini D, Farini A, Fraro GD, Gandolfi F, Forcato M, Ferrari S, Gabellini D, Bicciato S, Cossu G, Torrente Y. Hmgb3 is regulated by microRNA-206 during muscle regeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43464. [PMID: 22912879 PMCID: PMC3422271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently involved in most of human diseases as targets for potential strategies to rescue the pathological phenotype. Since the skeletal muscle is a spread-wide highly differentiated and organized tissue, rescue of severely compromised muscle still remains distant from nowadays. For this reason, we aimed to identify a subset of miRNAs major involved in muscle remodelling and regeneration by analysing the miRNA-profile of single fibres isolated from dystrophic muscle, which was here considered as a model of chronic damage. Methodology/Principal Findings The miRNA-signature associated to regenerating (newly formed) and remodelling (resting) fibres was investigated in animal models of muscular dystrophies and acute damage, in order to distinguish which miRNAs are primary related to muscle regeneration. In this study we identify fourteen miRNAs associated to dystrophic fibres responsible for muscle regeneration and remodelling, and confirm over-expression of the previously identified regeneration-associated myomiR-206. In particular, a functional binding site for myomiR-206 was identified and validated in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of an X-linked member of a family of sequence independent chromatin-binding proteins (Hmgb3) that is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. During regeneration of single muscle fibres, Hmgb3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression was gradually reduced, concurrent with the up-regulation of miR-206. Conclusion/Significance Our results elucidate a negative feedback circuit in which myomiR-206 represses Hmgb3 expression to modulate the regeneration of single muscle fibres after acute and chronic muscle damage. These findings suggest that myomiR-206 may be a potential therapeutic target in muscle diseases.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Gene Expression Profiling
- HEK293 Cells
- HMGB3 Protein/genetics
- HMGB3 Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Infant
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/physiopathology
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Regeneration/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Maciotta
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Cassinelli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Parolini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Del Fraro
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Gabellini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Division of Regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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BAKHSHANDEH BEHNAZ, SOLEIMANI MASOUD, PAYLAKHI SEYEDHASSAN, GHAEMI NASSER. A microRNA signature associated with chondrogenic lineage commitment. J Genet 2012; 91:171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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112
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MicroRNA-181a* Targets Nanog in a Subpopulation of CD34(+) Cells Isolated From Peripheral Blood. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e34. [PMID: 23344176 PMCID: PMC3437805 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the properties of stem cells by microRNA (miRNA) profiling offers an attractive approach to identify new regulators of stem cell fate. Although numerous miRNA have been screened from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the targets corresponding to many of these miRNA have not yet been fully elucidated. By miRNA profiling in a subpopulation of CD34+ cells isolated from peripheral blood, we have identified eight clusters of miRNA that were differentially expressed. Further analysis of one of the clusters by bioinformatics revealed that a miRNA, miR-181a*, which is highly expressed in the adherent CD34+ cells, affects the expression levels of Nanog, a stem cell surrogate marker. We show specifically by reporter assay and mutational analysis that miR-181a* targets a seedless 3′ compensatory site in the 3′UTR of Nanog and affects gene expression. We demonstrate that inhibiting miR-181a* upregulates the Nanog expression level, in addition to an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Our studies suggest that miR-181a* may be important in controlling the expression level of Nanog in a subpopulation of CD34+ cells.
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113
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Laine SK, Alm JJ, Virtanen SP, Aro HT, Laitala-Leinonen TK. MicroRNAs miR-96, miR-124, and miR-199a regulate gene expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2687-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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114
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Taipaleenmäki H, Bjerre Hokland L, Chen L, Kauppinen S, Kassem M. Mechanisms in endocrinology: micro-RNAs: targets for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:359-71. [PMID: 22084154 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation and bone formation (osteogenesis) are regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, a novel class of regulatory factors termed micro-RNAs (miRNAs) has been identified as playing an important role in the regulation of many aspects of osteoblast biology including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. Also, preliminary data from animal disease models suggest that targeting miRNAs in bone can be a novel approach to increase bone mass. This review highlights the current knowledge of miRNA biology and their role in bone formation and discusses their potential use in future therapeutic applications for metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, SDU, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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115
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Bakhshandeh B, Soleimani M, Hafizi M, Paylakhi SH, Ghaemi N. MicroRNA signature associated with osteogenic lineage commitment. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7569-81. [PMID: 22350160 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based approaches offer a potential therapeutic strategy for appropriate bone manufacturing. Capable of differentiating into multiple cell types especially osteoblasts spontaneously, unrestricted somatic stem cell (USSC) seems to be a suitable candidate. Recent studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs in several biological processes. miRNA microarray profiling was applied in order to identify the osteo-specific miRNA signature. Prior to this analysis, osteogenic commitment of osteoblasts was evaluated by measuring ALPase activity, biomineralization, specific staining and evaluation of some main osteogenic marker genes. To support our findings, various in silico explorations (for both putative targets and signaling pathways) and empirical analyses (miRNA transfections followed by qPCR of osteogenic indicators and ALPase activity measurement) were carried out. The function of GSK-3b inhibitor was also studied to investigate the role of WNT in osteogenesis. Transient modulation of multiple osteo-miRs (such as mir-199b, 1274a, 30b) with common targets (such as BMPR, TCFs, SMADs) as mediators of osteogenic pathways including cell-cell interactions, WNT and TGF-beta pathways, suggests a mechanism for rapid induction of the osteogenesis as an anti-miRNA therapy. The results of this research have identified the miRNA signature which regulates the osteogenesis mechanism in USSC. To conclude, our study reveals more details about the allocation of USSCs into osteogenic lineage through modulatory effect of miRNAs on targets and pathways required for creating a tissue-specific phenotype and may aid in future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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116
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Lian JB, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Hassan MQ, Gaur T, Zhang Y. MicroRNA control of bone formation and homeostasis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8:212-27. [PMID: 22290358 PMCID: PMC3589914 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress cellular protein levels to provide a sophisticated parameter of gene regulation that coordinates a broad spectrum of biological processes. Bone organogenesis is a complex process involving the differentiation and crosstalk of multiple cell types for formation and remodeling of the skeleton. Inhibition of mRNA translation by miRNAs has emerged as an important regulator of developmental osteogenic signaling pathways, osteoblast growth and differentiation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption activity and bone homeostasis in the adult skeleton. miRNAs control multiple layers of gene regulation for bone development and postnatal functions, from the initial response of stem/progenitor cells to the structural and metabolic activity of the mature tissue. This Review brings into focus an emerging concept of bone-regulating miRNAs, the evidence for which has been gathered largely from in vivo mouse models and in vitro studies in human and mouse skeletal cell populations. Characterization of miRNAs that operate through tissue-specific transcription factors in osteoblast and osteoclast lineage cells, as well as intricate feedforward and reverse loops, has provided novel insights into the supervision of signaling pathways and regulatory networks controlling normal bone formation and turnover. The current knowledge of miRNAs characteristic of human pathologic disorders of the skeleton is presented with a future goal towards translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Lian
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Room S3-326, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Zhang ZJ, Zhang H, Kang Y, Sheng PY, Ma YC, Yang ZB, Zhang ZQ, Fu M, He AS, Liao WM. miRNA expression profile during osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:888-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Izzotti A, Larghero P, Balansky R, Pfeffer U, Steele VE, De Flora S. Interplay between histopathological alterations, cigarette smoke and chemopreventive agents in defining microRNA profiles in mouse lung. Mutat Res 2011; 717:17-24. [PMID: 20974155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated alterations of microRNA expression profiles in the apparently healthy lung of mice and rats as an early response to exposure to cigarette smoke, either mainstream (MCS) or environmental, and/or to treatment with chemopreventive agents. Further on, we evaluated microRNA alterations at a later stage, when lung tumors were detectable in MCS-exposed mice. Lung samples were available from previous studies, in which strain H mice had been exposed to MCS for 4 months, starting immediately after birth, and then kept in filtered air for an additional 3 months. Some samples were from MCS-exposed mice treated either with N-acetyl-l-cysteine during pregnancy or with phenethyl isothiocyanate after weaning. The analysis of 576 mouse microRNAs showed that MCS strongly dysregulated microRNA expression and that both chemopreventive agents efficiently attenuated this trend, especially in noncancer tissue. MicroRNA expression was affected by histopathology, with specific signatures related to occurrence of pneumonia, adenoma, or bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Within pairs of samples from individual mice, microRNA analysis discriminated adenomatous tissue and especially carcinomatous tissue from the surrounding normal appearing tissue. A series of microRNA alterations characterized the sequential stages of pulmonary carcinogenesis. The involved functions included oncogene activation, inhibition of oncosuppressor genes, recruitment of undifferentiated stem cells, inflammation, inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communications, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastatization. Thus, microRNA expression profiles in lung are dysregulated by MCS along all steps of the carcinogenesis process and depend on the interplay among exposure to noxious agents, treatment with dietary and pharmacological agents, and occurrence of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Rebustini IT, Hayashi T, Reynolds AD, Dillard ML, Carpenter EM, Hoffman MP. miR-200c regulates FGFR-dependent epithelial proliferation via Vldlr during submandibular gland branching morphogenesis. Development 2011; 139:191-202. [PMID: 22115756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.070151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of epithelial proliferation during organ morphogenesis is crucial for normal development, as dysregulation is associated with tumor formation. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-200c, are post-transcriptional regulators of genes involved in cancer. However, the role of miR-200c during normal development is unknown. We screened miRNAs expressed in the mouse developing submandibular gland (SMG) and found that miR-200c accumulates in the epithelial end buds. Using both loss- and gain-of-function, we demonstrated that miR-200c reduces epithelial proliferation during SMG morphogenesis. To identify the mechanism, we predicted miR-200c target genes and confirmed their expression during SMG development. We discovered that miR-200c targets the very low density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr) and its ligand reelin, which unexpectedly regulate FGFR-dependent epithelial proliferation. Thus, we demonstrate that miR-200c influences FGFR-mediated epithelial proliferation during branching morphogenesis via a Vldlr-dependent mechanism. miR-200c and Vldlr may be novel targets for controlling epithelial morphogenesis during glandular repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan T Rebustini
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). These small regulatory RNAs are master regulators of developmental processes that modulate expression of several target genes post-transcriptionally. Various miRNAs are up-regulated at specific stages during hematopoietic development and the functional relevance of miRNAs has been proven at many different stages of lineage specification. Knockout of specific miRNAs can produce dramatic phenotypes leading to severe hematopoietic defects. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated that specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. However, the emerging picture is extremely complex due to differences between species, cell type dependent variation in miRNA expression and differential expression of diverse target genes that are involved in various regulatory networks. There is also evidence that miRNAs play a role in cellular aging or in the inter-cellular crosstalk between hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment. The field is rapidly evolving due to new profiling tools and deep sequencing technology. The expression profiles of miRNAs are of diagnostic relevance for classification of different diseases. Recent reports on the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells with miRNAs have fuelled the hope that specific miRNAs and culture conditions facilitate directed differentiation or culture expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. This review summarizes our current knowledge about miRNA expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and their role in the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Bissels
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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121
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Sun J, Sun Q, Lu S. From selenoprotein to endochondral ossification: A novel mechanism with microRNAs potential in bone related diseases? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:807-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sun J, Zhong N, Li Q, Min Z, Zhao W, Sun Q, Tian L, Yu H, Shi Q, Zhang F, Lu S. MicroRNAs of rat articular cartilage at different developmental stages identified by Solexa sequencing. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1237-45. [PMID: 21820522 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) can shape the repertoire of proteins expressed in development, differentiation and diseases. This study aimed to identify miRNA profile of articular cartilage at different developmental stages in rats. METHODS Three small RNA libraries were constructed from the femoral head cartilage of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at postnatal day 0, day 21 and day 42 and sequenced by a deep sequencing approach. Then a bioinformatics approach was employed to distinguish genuine miRNAs from small RNAs represented in the mass sequencing data. The expression of indicated miRNAs was determined by stem-loop RT-qPCR to valuate the consistency with Solexa sequencing. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-eight of 310 known miRNA and miRNA* genes were organized into 91 compact clusters. Two hundred and forty-six miRNAs were detected in all three small RNA libraries of rat articular cartilage. Forty-six, fifty-two and fifty-six miRNA* genes were identified from three small RNA libraries, respectively, and 86 novel miRNA candidate genes were found simultaneously. In addition, 23 known miRNAs were up-regulated (fold change ≥ 4); six were down-regulated (fold change ≤ -4) during articular cartilage development. The predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were locally secreted factors and transcription factors that regulate proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. The same expression tendency of indicated miRNAs during articular cartilage development stages was observed by using Solexa sequencing and stem-loop RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Our study provided a unique opportunity to decipher how the elaboration of the miRNA repertoire contributes to the development process of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Wang L, Zhang D, Zhang C, Zhang S, Wang Z, Qu C, Liu S. A microRNA expression signature characterizing the properties of tumor-initiating cells for breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:119-124. [PMID: 22740866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in controlling tumor behaviors either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. To elucidate the role of miRNAs in the regulation of tumor initiation, we delineated the microRNA expression signature characterizing the properties of tumor-initiating cells for breast cancer. A group of miRNAs were differentially expressed in MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 cells (with a high proportion of breast cancer tumor-initiating cells, CD44(+)CD24(-/low) subpopulation) compared to MCF-7 cells (only a small proportion of CD44(+)CD24(-/low) cells). Among the differentially expressed miRNAs common to MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315, approximately 46% of them are suggested to regulate the 'stemness' of stem cells or progenitor cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that miRNAs contribute to the maintenance of tumor-initiating properties and indicate the potential value of the miRNA expression signature in characterizing or predicting the features (including metastasis) of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085
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124
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Bork S, Horn P, Castoldi M, Hellwig I, Ho AD, Wagner W. Adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells is down-regulated by microRNA-369-5p and up-regulated by microRNA-371. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2226-34. [PMID: 21660946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-term culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has implications on their proliferation and differentiation potential and we have demonstrated that this is associated with up-regulation of the five microRNAs miR-29c, miR-369-5p, miR-371, miR-499, and let-7f. In this study, we examined the role of these senescence-associated microRNAs for cellular aging and differentiation of MSC. Proliferation was reduced upon transfection with miR-369-5p, miR-371, and miR-499. Adipogenic differentiation was impaired by miR-369-5p whereas it was highly increased by miR-371. This was accompanied by respective gene expression changes of some adipogenic key molecules (adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 [FABP4]). Furthermore luciferase reporter assay indicated that FABP4 is a direct target of miR-369-5p. Microarray analysis upon adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation revealed down-regulation of several microRNAs albeit miR-369-5p and miR-371 were not affected. Expression of the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B was up-regulated by transfection of miR-371 whereas expression of DNMT3A was down-regulated by miR-369-5p. In summary, we identified miR-369-5p and miR-371 as antagonistic up-stream regulators of adipogenic differentiation and this might be indirectly mediated by epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bork
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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125
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Mariner PD, Johannesen E, Anseth KS. Manipulation of miRNA activity accelerates osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in engineered 3D scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:314-24. [PMID: 21706778 PMCID: PMC3184319 DOI: 10.1002/term.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering strategies have shown tremendous promise for the repair of bone mass deficiencies, but the efficient and appropriate induction of stem cells down osteogenic pathways remains a significant roadblock to the effective implementation of cell-based therapies. When grown in culture, human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (hMSCs) remain multipotent, requiring specific exogenous signals to induce osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs used in transplantations, therefore, must be presented with local signals, often provided by the host's own tissues, to be directed down bone-related lineages. This process is relatively inefficient and remains difficult to control. In an effort to enhance osteogenesis, hMSCs were transfected with specific miRNA mimics and inhibitors that had originally identified for their ability to increase Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. Transfection with miRNA reagents had the effect of sensitizing hMSCs to soluble osteogenic factors, resulting in a rapid and robust induction of bone-related markers, including ALP activity and calcium deposition. Synthetic 3D tissue constructs prepared with miRNA-transfected hMSCs demonstrated similar responses to soluble osteogenic signals, suggesting that controlling miRNA activity in hMSCs can be an effective tool for enhancing the induction of osteogenesis for tissue engineering purposes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Mariner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at BoulderCO, USA
| | - Erika Johannesen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at BoulderCO, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at BoulderCO, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at BoulderCO, USA
- *Correspondence to: Kristi S. Anseth, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 424 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. E-mail:
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Cenni E, Perut F, Baglìo SR, Fiorentini E, Baldini N. Recent highlights on bone stem cells: a report from Bone Stem Cells 2009, and not only…. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2614-21. [PMID: 20874718 PMCID: PMC4373490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells has opened new prospects for the treatment of orthopaedic conditions characterized by large bone defects. However, many issues still exist to which answers are needed before routine, large-scale application becomes possible. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSC), which are clonogenic, multipotential precursors present in the bone marrow stroma, are generally employed for bone regeneration. Stem cells with multilineage differentiation similar to MSC have also been demonstrated in adipose tissue, peripheral blood, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid. Each source presents its own advantages and drawbacks. Unfortunately, no unique surface antigen is expressed by MSC, and this hampers simple MSC enrichment from heterogeneous populations. MSC are identified through a combination of physical, morphological and functional assays. Different in vitro and in vivo models have been described for the research on bone stem cells. These models should predict the in vivo bone healing capacity of MSC and if the induced osteogenesis is similar to the physiological one. Although stem cells offer an exciting possibility of a renewable source of cells and tissues for replacement, orthopaedic applications often represent case reports whereas controlled randomized trials are still lacking. Further biological aspects of bone stem cells should be elucidated and a general consensus on the best models, protocols and proper use of scaffolds and growth factors should be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cenni
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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127
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Yang Z, Bian C, Zhou H, Huang S, Wang S, Liao L, Zhao RC. MicroRNA hsa-miR-138 Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Adenovirus EID-1. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:259-67. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjing Bian
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Huang
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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128
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Guo L, Zhao RCH, Wu Y. The role of microRNAs in self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:608-16. [PMID: 21288479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-trascriptional regulation of gene expression and diverse biological activities. They are crucial for self-renewal and behavior of embryonic stem cells, but their role in mesenchymal stem cells has been poorly understood. Recently emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are closely involved in controlling key steps of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into certain cell lineages. This review focuses on miRNAs identified recently that regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and other activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Life Science Division, Tsinghua University Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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129
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Endothelial-specific intron-derived miR-126 is down-regulated in human breast cancer and targets both VEGFA and PIK3R2. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 351:157-64. [PMID: 21249429 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the key components of vascular intima and play pivotal roles in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Using Northern blot and real-time PCR, we confirmed that miR-126 and its host gene EGF-like domain 7 (EGFL7) were widely expressed in rat tissues but strictly expressed in endothelial cells. In mammals, miR-126 gene is embedded in intron7 of EGFL7. To explore the biogenesis of miR-126, plasmid EGFL7(126)-pEGFPc1 containing segment of exon7-intron7-exon8 of EGFL7 was constructed and expressed in 293T. Expression of spliced exon7-8 and excised mature miR-126 was detected by PCR and Northern blot. Knocking-down of endothelial endogenous miR-126 did not affect EGFL7 expression at mRNA or protein level. To investigate the possible roles of miR-126, PicTar, miRBase, miRanda, Bibiserv, and Targetscan were used to screen the targets. VEGFA and PIK3R2 were confirmed as the targets of miR-126 by luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. Interestingly, Northern blot and western blot showed that miR-126 was down-regulated in breast tumors where the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated. Introduction of miR-126 mimics into MCF-7 could effectively decrease VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling activity. In summary, miR-126 was strictly expressed in endothelial cells and excised from EGFL7 pre-mRNA without affecting splicing and expression of its host gene. In addition, miR-126 could target both VEGFA and PIK3R2, and its expression was decreased in human breast cancer, implying that miR-126 may play a role in tumor genesis and growth by regulating the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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130
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Song YX, Yue ZY, Wang ZN, Xu YY, Luo Y, Xu HM, Zhang X, Jiang L, Xing CZ, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-148b is frequently down-regulated in gastric cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:1. [PMID: 21205300 PMCID: PMC3024301 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer development and progression, acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Our previous studies have revealed that miR-148a and miR-152 are significantly down-regulated in gastrointestinal cancers. Interestingly, miR-148b has the same "seed sequences" as miR-148a and miR-152. Although aberrant expression of miR-148b has been observed in several types of cancer, its pathophysiologic role and relevance to tumorigenesis are still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which miR-148b acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. RESULTS We showed significant down-regulation of miR-148b in 106 gastric cancer tissues and four gastric cancer cell lines, compared with their non-tumor counterparts by real-time RT-PCR. In situ hybridization of ten cases confirmed an overt decrease in the level of miR-148b in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, the expression of miR-148b was demonstrated to be associated with tumor size (P = 0.027) by a Mann-Whitney U test. We also found that miR-148b could inhibit cell proliferation in vitro by MTT assay, growth curves and an anchorage-independent growth assay in MGC-803, SGC-7901, BGC-823 and AGS cells. An experiment in nude mice revealed that miR-148b could suppress tumorigenicity in vivo. Using a luciferase activity assay and western blot, CCKBR was identified as a target of miR-148b in cells. Moreover, an obvious inverse correlation was observed between the expression of CCKBR protein and miR-148b in 49 pairs of tissues (P = 0.002, Spearman's correlation). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide important evidence that miR-148b targets CCKBR and is significant in suppressing gastric cancer cell growth. Maybe miR-148b would become a potential biomarker and therapeutic target against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
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132
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Andersen MØ, Kjems J. RNA Interference Enhanced Implants. ACTIVE IMPLANTS AND SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2011_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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133
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miR-335 orchestrates cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:985-95. [PMID: 21164520 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the extensive potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in cell therapy, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate their therapeutic properties. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in controlling the transition between the resting and reparative phenotypes of hMSCs, hypothesizing that these miRNAs must be present in the undifferentiated cells and downregulated to allow initiation of distinct activation/differentiation programs. Differential miRNA expression analyses revealed that miR-335 is significantly downregulated upon hMSC differentiation. In addition, hMSCs derived from a variety of tissues express miR-335 at a higher level than human skin fibroblasts, and overexpression of miR-335 in hMSCs inhibited their proliferation and migration, as well as their osteogenic and adipogenic potential. Expression of miR-335 in hMSCs was upregulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, a positive regulator of MSC self-renewal, and downregulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has an important role in activating the immunomodulatory properties of hMSCs. Differential gene expression analyses, in combination with computational searches, defined a cluster of 62 putative target genes for miR-335 in hMSCs. Western blot and 3'UTR reporter assays confirmed RUNX2 as a direct target of miR-335 in hMSCs. These results strongly suggest that miR-335 downregulation is critical for the acquisition of reparative MSC phenotypes.
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134
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Tanaka K, Iwasaki K, Feghali KE, Komaki M, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Comparison of characteristics of periodontal ligament cells obtained from outgrowth and enzyme-digested culture methods. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:380-8. [PMID: 21144495 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells have an important role in periodontal regeneration. The unique characteristics of PDL cells, mainly outgrown cells derived from PDL tissue, have been investigated. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have been obtained from PDL tissue using enzyme digestion. The differences in properties of those PDL cells cultured by the two methods (outgrowth and enzyme digestion) are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of PDL cells obtained by these methods. METHODS PDL cells from extracted tooth were cultured using outgrowth and enzyme digest methods. Cell proliferation, colony-forming activity and differentiation capacity to osteoblast, adipocyte and chondrocyte were compared. Gene expressions for PDL cells, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts were also investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Procollagen type I c-peptide (PIP) production was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS PDL cells cultured by enzyme digest methods showed a higher proliferation rate, colony-forming activity and differentiation capacity into osteoblast, adipocyte and chondrocyte than those in PDL cells by outgrowth method. CD166, one of the mesenchymal stem cell markers, was slightly higher in enzyme-digested PDL than in outgrowth PDL, whilst gene expressions for type 1 collagen alpha 1 and type 3 collagen were higher in outgrown PDL cells. Moreover, outgrowth PDL exhibited higher PIP production than enzyme-digested PDL cells. CONCLUSION PDL cells obtained by outgrowth and enzyme digestion showed different characteristics. The enzyme digestion method yielded cells with higher proliferation rate and mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, whereas cells with fibroblast-like properties were collected in the outgrowth method. PDL cell properties by different culture methods may provide information for inventing new therapeutic uses of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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135
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Zhou Q, Zhao ZN, Cheng JT, Zhang B, Xu J, Huang F, Zhao RN, Chen YJ. Ibandronate promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating the expression of microRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:127-32. [PMID: 21108928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) have a profound effect on bone resorption and are widely used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases. They suppress bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of mature osteoclasts and/or the formation of new osteoclasts. Osteoblasts may be an alternative target for BPs. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit osteoblast-like features and are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts or cementoblasts. This study aimed to determine the effects of ibandronate, a nitrogen-containing BP, on the proliferation and the differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate these effects. The PDLSCs were treated with ibandronate, and cell proliferation was measured using the MTT (3-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression of genes and miRNAs involved in osteoblastic differentiation was assayed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ibandronate promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs and enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (COL-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OCN), and Runx2. The expression of miRNAs, including miR-18a, miR-133a, miR-141 and miR-19a, was significantly altered in the PDLSCs cultured with ibandronate. In PDLSCs, ibandronate regulates the expression of diverse bone formation-related genes via miRNAs. The exact mechanism underlying the role of ibandronate in osteoblasts has not been completely understood. Ibandronate may suppress the activity of osteoclasts while promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts by regulating the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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136
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Giraud-Triboult K, Rochon-Beaucourt C, Nissan X, Champon B, Aubert S, Piétu G. Combined mRNA and microRNA profiling reveals that miR-148a and miR-20b control human mesenchymal stem cell phenotype via EPAS1. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:77-86. [PMID: 21081659 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00077.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a wide variety of tissues during development of the human embryo starting as early as the first trimester. Gene expression profiling of these cells has focused primarily on the molecular signs characterizing their potential heterogeneity and their differentiation potential. In contrast, molecular mechanisms participating in the emergence of MSC identity in embryo are still poorly understood. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESs) were differentiated toward MSCs (ES-MSCs) to compare the genetic patterns between pluripotent hESs and multipotent MSCs by a large genomewide expression profiling of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). After whole genome differential transcriptomic analysis, a stringent protocol was used to search for genes differentially expressed between hESs and ES-MSCs, followed by several validation steps to identify the genes most specifically linked to the MSC phenotype. A network was obtained that encompassed 74 genes in 13 interconnected transcriptional systems that are likely to contribute to MSC identity. Pairs of negatively correlated miRNAs and mRNAs, which suggest miRNA-target relationships, were then extracted and validation was sought with the use of Pre-miRs. We report here that underexpression of miR-148a and miR-20b in ES-MSCs, compared with ESs, allows an increase in expression of the EPAS1 (Endothelial PAS domain 1) transcription factor that results in the expression of markers of the MSC phenotype specification.
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137
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Lee DY, Jeyapalan Z, Fang L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Yee AY, Li M, Du WW, Shatseva T, Yang BB. Expression of versican 3'-untranslated region modulates endogenous microRNA functions. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13599. [PMID: 21049042 PMCID: PMC2963607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. In our previous study, we have shown that versican 3′UTR, a fragment of non-coding transcript, has the ability to antagonize miR-199a-3p function thereby regulating expression of the matrix proteins versican and fibronectin, and thus resulting in enhanced cell-cell adhesion and organ adhesion. However, the impact of this non-coding fragment on tumorigenesis is yet to be determined. Methods and Findings Using computational prediction confirmed with in vitro and in vivo experiments, we report that the expression of versican 3′UTR not only antagonizes miR-199a-3p but can also lower its steady state expression. We found that expression of versican 3′UTR in a mouse breast carcinoma cell line, 4T1, decreased miR-199a-3p levels. The decrease in miRNA activity consequently translated into differences in tumor growth. Computational analysis indicated that both miR-199a-3p and miR-144 targeted a cell cycle regulator, Rb1. In addition, miR-144 and miR-136, which have also been shown to interact with versican 3′UTR, was found to target PTEN. Expression of Rb1 and PTEN were up-regulated synergistically in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the 3′UTR binds and modulates miRNA activities, freeing Rb1 and PTEN mRNAs for translation. In tumor formation assays, cells transfected with the 3′UTR formed smaller tumors compared with cells transfected with a control vector. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that a 3′UTR fragment can be used to modulate miRNA functions. Our study also suggests that miRNAs in the cancer cells are more susceptible to degradation, due to its interaction with a non-coding 3′UTR. This non-coding component of mRNA may be used retrospectively to modulate miRNA activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y. Lee
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zina Jeyapalan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Fang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaou Zhang
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Albert Y. Yee
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minhui Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William W. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatiana Shatseva
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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138
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Chhabra R, Dubey R, Saini N. Cooperative and individualistic functions of the microRNAs in the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster and its implication in human diseases. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:232. [PMID: 20815877 PMCID: PMC2940846 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small RNA molecules of about 19-22 nucleotides in length, aptly called microRNAs, perform the task of gene regulation in the cell. Interestingly, till the early nineties very little was known about them but eventually, the microRNAs have become forefront in the area of research. The huge number of microRNAs plus each one of them targeting a vast number of related as well as unrelated genes makes them very interesting molecules to study. To add to the mystery of miRNAs is the fact that the same miRNA can have antagonizing role in two different cell types i.e. in one cell type; the miRNA promotes proliferation whereas in another cell type the same miRNA inhibits proliferation. Another remarkable aspect of the microRNAs is that many of them exist in clusters. In humans alone, out of 721 microRNAs known, 247 of them occur in 64 clusters at an inter-miRNA distance of less than 5000bp. The reason for this clustering of miRNAs is not fully understood but since the miRNA clusters are evolutionary conserved, their significance cannot be ruled out. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent progress on the functional characterization of miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster in humans in relation to various health and diseased conditions and to highlight the cooperative effects of the miRNAs of this cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindresh Chhabra
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
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139
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siRNA nanoparticle functionalization of nanostructured scaffolds enables controlled multilineage differentiation of stem cells. Mol Ther 2010; 18:2018-27. [PMID: 20808289 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of complex tissues and organs is the ultimate goal in tissue engineering. Engineered morphogenesis necessitates spatially controlled development of multiple cell types within a scaffold implant. We present a novel method to achieve this by adhering nanoparticles containing different small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into nanostructured scaffolds. This allows spatial retention of the RNAs within nanopores until their cellular delivery. The released siRNAs were capable of gene silencing BCL2L2 and TRIB2, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), enhancing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. This approach for enhancing a single type of differentiation is immediately applicable to all areas of tissue engineering. Different nanoparticles localized to spatially distinct locations within a single implant allowed two different tissue types to develop in controllable areas of an implant. As a consequence of this, we predict that complex tissues and organs can be engineered by the in situ development of multiple cell types guided by spatially restricted nanoparticles.
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140
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Hamrick MW, Herberg S, Arounleut P, He HZ, Shiver A, Qi RQ, Zhou L, Isales CM, Mi QS. The adipokine leptin increases skeletal muscle mass and significantly alters skeletal muscle miRNA expression profile in aged mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:379-83. [PMID: 20800581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated loss of muscle mass, or sarcopenia, contributes directly to frailty and an increased risk of falls and fractures among the elderly. Aged mice and elderly adults both show decreased muscle mass as well as relatively low levels of the fat-derived hormone leptin. Here we demonstrate that loss of muscle mass and myofiber size with aging in mice is associated with significant changes in the expression of specific miRNAs. Aging altered the expression of 57 miRNAs in mouse skeletal muscle, and many of these miRNAs are now reported to be associated specifically with age-related muscle atrophy. These include miR-221, previously identified in studies of myogenesis and muscle development as playing a role in the proliferation and terminal differentiation of myogenic precursors. We also treated aged mice with recombinant leptin, to determine whether leptin therapy could improve muscle mass and alter the miRNA expression profile of aging skeletal muscle. Leptin treatment significantly increased hindlimb muscle mass and extensor digitorum longus fiber size in aged mice. Furthermore, the expression of 37 miRNAs was altered in muscles of leptin-treated mice. In particular, leptin treatment increased the expression of miR-31 and miR-223, miRNAs known to be elevated during muscle regeneration and repair. These findings suggest that aging in skeletal muscle is associated with marked changes in the expression of specific miRNAs, and that nutrient-related hormones such as leptin may be able to reverse muscle atrophy and alter the expression of atrophy-related miRNAs in aging skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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141
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miR-489 is a tumour-suppressive miRNA target PTPN11 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). Br J Cancer 2010; 103:877-84. [PMID: 20700123 PMCID: PMC2966617 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with one of the worst prognoses among all head and neck cancers. Greater understanding of the pertinent molecular oncogenic pathways could help improve diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of this disease. The aim of this study was to identify tumour-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs), based on miRNA expression signatures from clinical HSCC specimens, and to predict their biological target genes. Methods: Expression levels of 365 human mature miRNAs from 10 HSCC clinical samples were screened using stem-loop real-time quantitative PCR. Downregulated miRNAs were used in cell proliferation assays to identify a tumour-suppressive miRNA. Genome-wide gene expression analyses were then performed to identify the target genes of the tumour-suppressive miRNA. Results: Expression analysis identified 11 upregulated and 31 downregulated miRNAs. Gain-of-function analysis of the downregulated miRNAs revealed that miR-489 inhibited cell growth in all head and neck cancer cell lines examined. The gene PTPN11 coding for a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase containing two Src Homology 2 domains was identified as a miR-489-targeted gene. Knockdown of PTPN11 resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation in head and neck SCC cells. Conclusion: Identification of the tumour-suppressive miRNA miR-489 and its target, PTPN11, might provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of HSCC.
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142
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Dalmasso G, Nguyen HTT, Yan Y, Laroui H, Srinivasan S, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. MicroRNAs determine human intestinal epithelial cell fate. Differentiation 2010; 80:147-54. [PMID: 20638171 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Evidence has shown that miRNAs play important roles in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and survival. The intestinal epithelium is regenerated throughout life, and enterocytes undergo differentiation during migration along the crypt/villus axis. Our study aimed at establishing the expression profiles of miRNAs during intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation and determining a miRNA "signature" that distinguishes between small and large IECs. MiRNA arrays were employed to profile miRNA expression in two IEC models: the enterocyte-like Caco2-BBE and the colonocyte-like HT29-Cl.19A cell lines. Microarray data showed that in both cell lineages, the differentiated stage exhibited a different miRNA expression profile from undifferentiated stage. Interestingly, Caco2-BBE cells were distinguished from HT29-Cl.19A cells by their unique miRNA expression profile. Notably, HT29-Cl.19A cells exhibited down-regulation of miR-1269 and up-regulation of miR-99b and miR-125a-5p compared with Caco2-BBE cells. Most importantly, transfection of Caco2-BBE cells with mature miR-99b, mature miR-125a-5p and antisense of mature miR-1269 decreased growth rate and trans-epithelial resistance of the cells, indicating their shift toward HT29-Cl.19A cell phenotype. In conclusion, our study shows that miRNAs might play a role in determining the unique physiological characteristics of IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dalmasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Kapinas K, Kessler C, Ricks T, Gronowicz G, Delany AM. miR-29 modulates Wnt signaling in human osteoblasts through a positive feedback loop. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25221-31. [PMID: 20551325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts is controlled by extracellular cues. Canonical Wnt signaling is particularly important for maintenance of bone mass in humans. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, mediated by microRNAs, plays an essential role in the control of osteoblast differentiation. Here, we find that miR-29a is necessary for human osteoblast differentiation, and miR-29a is increased during differentiation in the mesenchymal precursor cell line hFOB1.19 and in primary cultures of human osteoblasts. Furthermore, the promoter of the expressed sequence tag containing the human miR-29a gene is induced by canonical Wnt signaling. This effect is mediated, at least in part, by two T-cell factor/LEF-binding sites within the proximal promoter. Furthermore, we show that the negative regulators of Wnt signaling, Dikkopf-1 (Dkk1), Kremen2, and secreted frizzled related protein 2 (sFRP2), are direct targets of miR-29a. Endogenous protein levels for these Wnt antagonists are increased in cells transfected with synthetic miR-29a inhibitor. In contrast, transfection with miR-29a mimic decreases expression of these antagonists and potentiates Wnt signaling. Overall, we demonstrate that miR-29 and Wnt signaling are involved in a regulatory circuit that can modulate osteoblast differentiation. Specifically, canonical Wnt signaling induces miR-29a transcription. The subsequent down-regulation of key Wnt signaling antagonists, Dkk1, Kremen2, and sFRP2, by miR-29a potentiates Wnt signaling, contributing to a gene expression program important for osteoblast differentiation. This novel regulatory circuit provides additional insight into how microRNAs interact with signaling molecules during osteoblast differentiation, allowing for fine-tuning of intricate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kapinas
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Vaz C, Ahmad HM, Sharma P, Gupta R, Kumar L, Kulshreshtha R, Bhattacharya A. Analysis of microRNA transcriptome by deep sequencing of small RNA libraries of peripheral blood. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:288. [PMID: 20459673 PMCID: PMC2885365 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression at the post - transcriptional level and thereby many fundamental biological processes. A number of methods, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction, microarrays have been developed for profiling levels of known miRNAs. These methods lack the ability to identify novel miRNAs and accurately determine expression at a range of concentrations. Deep or massively parallel sequencing methods are providing suitable platforms for genome wide transcriptome analysis and have the ability to identify novel transcripts. Results The results of analysis of small RNA sequences obtained by Solexa technology of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tumor cell lines K562 and HL60 are presented. In general K562 cells displayed overall low level of miRNA population and also low levels of DICER. Some of the highly expressed miRNAs in the leukocytes include several members of the let-7 family, miR-21, 103, 185, 191 and 320a. Comparison of the miRNA profiles of normal versus K562 or HL60 cells revealed a specific set of differentially expressed molecules. Correlation of the miRNA with that of mRNA expression profiles, obtained by microarray, revealed a set of target genes showing inverse correlation with miRNA levels. Relative expression levels of individual miRNAs belonging to a cluster were found to be highly variable. Our computational pipeline also predicted a number of novel miRNAs. Some of the predictions were validated by Real-time RT-PCR and or RNase protection assay. Organization of some of the novel miRNAs in human genome suggests that these may also be part of existing clusters or form new clusters. Conclusions We conclude that about 904 miRNAs are expressed in human leukocytes. Out of these 370 are novel miRNAs. We have identified miRNAs that are differentially regulated in normal PBMC with respect to cancer cells, K562 and HL60. Our results suggest that post - transcriptional processes may play a significant role in regulating levels of miRNAs in tumor cells. The study also provides a customized automated computation pipeline for miRNA profiling and identification of novel miRNAs; even those that are missed out by other existing pipelines. The Computational Pipeline is available at the website: http://mirna.jnu.ac.in/deep_sequencing/deep_sequencing.html
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vaz
- School of Information Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Zou Z, Zhang Y, Hao L, Wang F, Liu D, Su Y, Sun H. More insight into mesenchymal stem cells and their effects inside the body. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:215-30. [PMID: 20088716 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903456011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The pan-tissue existence and multipotency of differentiation make mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) an attractive source of cells as tissue repair cells, seeds of engineered tissue, vehicles for gene therapy or in combination to promote tissue regeneration in wound healing and disease recovery. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on recent understanding on MSC's basic biological characteristics and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSCs in vivo. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The gene expression profiles for mRNA, protein, microRNA and cell surface marker of MSCs are summarized. Special attention is given to miRNA expression and its relationship with the characteristics of MSCs. The mechanisms of therapeutic effects of MSCs are attributed to their ability to migrate along chemokine gradients, differentiate into tissue-specific cells, enhance angiogenesis of wound tissue and regulate immune response. As examples, a detailed description is given on the regeneration of functional sweat glands on burned skin as well as neural cells in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animals upon MSC transplantation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Based on current data, although limited, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition is proposed to be one of the important ways for MSCs to participate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Zou
- The Third Military Medical University, School of Preventive Medicine, Department of Chemical Defense and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
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Jukic DM, Rao UNM, Kelly L, Skaf JS, Drogowski LM, Kirkwood JM, Panelli MC. Microrna profiling analysis of differences between the melanoma of young adults and older adults. J Transl Med 2010; 8:27. [PMID: 20302635 PMCID: PMC2855523 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study represents the first attempt to perform a profiling analysis of the intergenerational differences in the microRNAs (miRNAs) of primary cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms in young adult and older age groups. The data emphasize the importance of these master regulators in the transcriptional machinery of melanocytic neoplasms and suggest that differential levels of expressions of these miRs may contribute to differences in phenotypic and pathologic presentation of melanocytic neoplasms at different ages. METHODS An exploratory miRNA analysis of 666 miRs by low density microRNA arrays was conducted on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues (FFPE) from 10 older adults and 10 young adults including conventional melanoma and melanocytic neoplasms of uncertain biological significance. Age-matched benign melanocytic nevi were used as controls. RESULTS Primary melanoma in patients greater than 60 years old was characterized by the increased expression of miRs regulating TLR-MyD88-NF-kappaB pathway (hsa-miR-199a), RAS/RAB22A pathway (hsa-miR-204); growth differentiation and migration (hsa-miR337), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) (let-7b, hsa-miR-10b/10b*), invasion and metastasis (hsa-miR-10b/10b*), hsa-miR-30a/e*, hsa-miR-29c*; cellular matrix components (hsa-miR-29c*); invasion-cytokinesis (hsa-miR-99b*) compared to melanoma of younger patients. MiR-211 was dramatically downregulated compared to nevi controls, decreased with increasing age and was among the miRs linked to metastatic processes. Melanoma in young adult patients had increased expression of hsa-miR-449a and decreased expression of hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-214*. MiR-30a* in clinical stages I-II adult and pediatric melanoma could predict classification of melanoma tissue in the two extremes of age groups. Although the number of cases is small, positive lymph node status in the two age groups was characterized by the statistically significant expression of hsa-miR-30a* and hsa-miR-204 (F-test, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings, although preliminary, support the notion that the differential biology of melanoma at the extremes of age is driven, in part, by deregulation of microRNA expression and by fine tuning of miRs that are already known to regulate cell cycle, inflammation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)/stroma and more specifically genes known to be altered in melanoma. Our analysis reveals that miR expression differences create unique patterns of frequently affected biological processes that clearly distinguish old age from young age melanomas. This is a novel characterization of the miRnomes of melanocytic neoplasms at two extremes of age and identifies potential diagnostic and clinico-pathologic biomarkers that may serve as novel miR-based targeted modalities in melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen M Jukic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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147
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Strezoska Z, Fedorov Y, Kelley ML. hMSC differentiation marker detection using Thermo Scientific Solaris™ qPCR Gene Expression Assays. Nat Methods 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.f.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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