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Hu B, Li B, Wang J, Shi C. Home and community care for older people in urban China: Receipt of services and sources of payment. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:225-235. [PMID: 31508864 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of Chinese older people receiving home and community care and the factors associated with the sources of payment for care services. The data come from the Social Survey of Older People in Urban China, which collected information from a random sample of 3,247 older people aged 60 and over in 10 large cities in different regions of China in 2017. Anderson's behavioural model of care utilisation is used to guide the analyses. The study identifies four striking features of the Chinese social care system. First, although disabilities are a significant predictor of receiving home and community care, a large proportion of care recipients do not have disabilities. Second, perceived proximity of care is the most important predictor, which implies high elasticity of demand for care services with regard to perceived distance and the great geographical inequality of care resources in the cities. Third, the government policies support the use of the internet to facilitate care access, but the enabling effect of the internet among older people is limited. Finally, sources of payment for care differ significantly according to people's age, living arrangements, disability and level of education. We argue that the government should consider shifting the focus of financial support from service providers to care recipients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Bingqin Li
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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102
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Chang S, Yang W, Deguchi H. Care providers, access to care, and the Long-term Care Nursing Insurance in China: An agent-based simulation. Soc Sci Med 2020; 244:112667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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103
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Hou C, Ma Y, Yang X, Tao L, Zheng D, Liu X, Wang X, Li X, Wang W, Fang X, Guo X. Disability Transitions and Health Expectancies among Elderly People Aged 65 Years and Over in China: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1246-1257. [PMID: 31788336 PMCID: PMC6844588 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disability has become a critical issue among elderly populations, yet limited large-scale research related to this issue has been conducted in China, an aging society. This study explored sex and urban-rural differences in disability transitions and life expectancies among older adults in China. Data were collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which enrolled people aged 65 and older and was conducted in randomly selected counties and cities across 22 provinces in China. Disability was diagnosed based on basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Several individual characteristics were assessed, including sociodemographic factors (age, sex and region, etc.) and health behaviors (currently smoking, currently drinking, etc.). Multistate models were applied to analyze the transition rates among 4 states: no disability, mild disability, severe disability and death. The transition rates from disabled states to the no-disability state were found to decrease markedly with age. The rates of recovery from mild disability in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. Rural elderly individuals lived shorter lives than their urban counterparts, but they tended to live with better functional status, spending a larger fraction of their remaining life with less severe disability. Based on these findings, devoting more attention and resources to rural areas may help less severely disabled people recuperate and prevent severe disability. The study provides insights into health plan strategies to help guide the allocation of limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbei Hou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Ma
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinghua Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical Sciences and Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, WA6027, Australia.
| | - Xianghua Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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104
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Zhang H, Sun H. Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of elderly caregivers in Chinese nursing homes: a cross-sectional study in Liaoning Province. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029869. [PMID: 31722938 PMCID: PMC6858227 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of elderly caregivers in Chinese nursing homes (NHs) and associated factors with regard to knowledge, attitude about elderly and self-efficacy. SETTING A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 12 NHs in Liaoning Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 403 caregivers from 12 NHs were surveyed. OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire composed of the Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz I, Kogan's Attitude Towards Old People Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and background characteristics of participants. An average score for knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy was calculated. Differences across groups were evaluated using Student's t-test and analysis of variance. Multivariable linear regression models were established to estimate the associated factors. RESULTS The participating caregivers reported a relative low score on knowledge about the elderly (10.42±2.79), attitude towards old people (127.85±14.36) and self-efficacy (27.12±4.9). Multivariable regression analysis showed that respondents who had high educational level (β=0.212, 95% CI 0.193 to 0.824), received prejob training (β=0.193, 95% CI 0.081 to 1.169) and had high job satisfaction (general satisfaction: β=0.345, 95% CI 0.223 to 1.875; very satisfied: β=0.322, 95% CI 0.210 to 1.283) gave a positive rating on knowledge. Caregivers who were employed as formal staff (β=0.155, 95% CI 0.116 to 1.670), earned a high income (β=0.214, 95% CI 0.117 to 1.461) and had an interest in working with the elderly (β=0.141, 95% CI 0.088 to 1.508) tended to develop a positive attitude towards the elderly. However, caregivers who were female (β=-0.110, 95% CI -1.751 to -0.080) and had long work experience (β=-0.130, 95% CI -1.527 to -0.110) developed negative perception. Caregivers who were older (β=0.215, 95% CI 0.139 to 1.027), received prejob training (β=0.143, 95% CI 0.113 to 1.024), had an interest in working with the elderly (β=0.154, 95% CI 0.114 to 1.015), had high job satisfaction (β=0.177, 95% CI 0.116 to 1.223) and perceived better health status for the elderly (partial disability: β=0.437, 95% CI 0.259 to 1.600; no disability: β=0.288, 95% CI 0.153 to 1.211) gave a positive rating on self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Knowledge about the elderly, attitude towards old people and self-efficacy of elderly caregivers in Chinese NHs were at low levels. Some targeted intervention programmes, such as conducting professional training for aged care and a performance-based payment system, should be given priority to improve these attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - He Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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105
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Xu Y, Zhang T, Wang D. Changes in inequality in utilization of preventive care services: evidence on China's 2009 and 2015 health system reform. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:172. [PMID: 31711485 PMCID: PMC6849223 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-1078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ensuring equal access to preventive care has always been given a priority in health system throughout world. This study aimed to decompose inequality in utilization of preventive care services into its contributing factors and then explore its changes over the period of China’s 2009–2015 health system reform. Methods The concentration index (CI) and decomposition of the CI was performed to capture income-related inequalities in preventive services utilization and identify contribution of various determinants to such inequality using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey. Then, changes in inequality from 2009 to 2015 were estimated using Oaxaca-type decomposition technique. Results The CI for preventive services utilization dropped from 0.2240 in 2009 to 0.1825 in 2015. Residential location and household income made the biggest contributions to income-related inequalities in these two years. Oaxaca decomposition revealed changes in residential location, regions and medical insurance made positive contributions to decline in inequality. However, alternation in household income, age and medical services utilization pushed the equality toward deterioration. Conclusion The pro-rich inequality in preventive healthcare services usage is evident in China despite a certain decline in such inequality during observation period. Policy actions on eliminating urban-rural and income disparity should be given the priority to equalize preventive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Xu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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106
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Is informal care sufficient to meet the long-term care needs of older people with disabilities in China? Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x1900148x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRapid demographic shifts and socio-economic changes are fuelling concerns over the inadequate supply of informal care – the most common source of care-giving for older people in China. Unmet long-term care needs, which are believed to cause numerous adverse effects on health, continue to increase. Drawing data from the 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, this study explores the relationship between informal care provision and unmet long-term care needs among older people in China. We first examine the availability of informal care among older people with disabilities. We then analyse whether a higher intensity of informal care leads to lower unmet needs. Our findings suggest that the majority of older people with disabilities receive a low intensity of care, i.e. less than 80 hours per month. Besides, a higher intensity of informal care received could significantly lower the probabilities of unmet needs for the disabled older adults who have mainly instrumental activities of daily living limitations. Our study points out that informal care cannot address the needs of those who are struggling with multi-dimensional difficulties in their daily living. Our findings highlight a pressing need for the government to buttress the formal care provision and delivery systems to support both informal care-givers and disabled older people in China.
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107
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Li K, Chen S, Cai P, Chen K, Li L, Yang X, Yi J, Luo X, Du Y, Zheng H. MiRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 49:101479. [PMID: 31706013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-483-5p and IGF2 in osteoclast formation. METHODS Blood and bone tissues were collected from osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis patients with hip fractures for gene expression analysis. CD14 + peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for differentiating osteoclasts. MiR-483-5p mimic and inhibitor was transfected into CD14 + PBMCs, respectively. Predicted by TargetScan and verified by Dual-luciferase reporter assay system, insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) could be targeted by miR-483-5p. IGF2 expression vector was co-transfected with miR-483-5p mimic to study the role of IGF2 in miR-483-5p affecting osteoclast differentiation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell apoptosis analysis. RESULTS High-expressed miR-483-5p and low-expressed IGF2 were frequently found in the serums and bone tissues derived from osteoporotic patients. We found that up-regulation of miR-483-5p in CD14 + PBMCs notably increased the number of TRAP-positive cells, at the same time, the expression levels of TRAP, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), cytoplasmic 1 (NFAT2) and Cathepsin K (CTSK) were also up-regulated. However, overexpressed IGF2 effectively reversed such effects produced by up-regulation of miR-483-5p on osteoclastogenesis-related factors in CD14 + PBMCs. Moreover, forced expression of IGF2 could also enhance apoptosis of osteoclasts reduced by miR-483-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Shenghao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Pingyuan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Xingshun Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China.
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108
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Dong M, Zeng LN, Zhang Q, Yang SY, Chen LY, Sim K, He YL, Chiu HFK, Sartorius N, Tan CH, Chong MY, Shinfuku N, Lin SK, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Xiang YT. Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Older Adult Asian Patients With Schizophrenia: Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Pattern. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:304-311. [PMID: 31480982 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719862636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) is a controversial topic in the treatment of older adults with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to examine the use of APP in older adult Asian patients with schizophrenia and its associated demographic and clinical factors. METHODS This study was based on the fourth survey of the consortium known as the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Pattern for Antipsychotics. Fifteen Asian countries/territories participated in this survey, including Bangladesh, Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Basic demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a standardized data collection form. RESULTS Among the 879 older adults with schizophrenia included in the survey, the rate of APP was 40.5%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that higher antipsychotic doses (P < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-1.003), longer duration of illness (P = .02, OR = 1.845, 95% CI: 1.087-3.132), and the prescription of anticholinergics (P < .001, OR = 1.871, 95% CI: 1.329-2.635), second-generation antipsychotics (P = .001, OR = 2.264, 95% CI: 1.453-3.529), and first-generation antipsychotics (P < .001, OR = 3.344, 95% CI: 2.307-4.847) were significantly associated with APP. CONCLUSION Antipsychotic polypharmacy was common in older adult Asian patients with schizophrenia. Compared to the results of previous surveys, the use of APP showed a declining trend over time. Considering the general poor health status of older patients with schizophrenia and their increased risk of drug-induced adverse events, the use of APP in this population needs careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- 1 Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, & Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liang-Nan Zeng
- 1 Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, & Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Sheng, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- 3 School of Mental Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- 5 Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang Sim
- 6 Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore
| | - Yan-Ling He
- 7 Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Helen Fung-Kum Chiu
- 8 Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Norman Sartorius
- 9 Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- 10 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mian-Yoon Chong
- 11 Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- 12 International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- 13 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee H Ng
- 14 Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- 15 University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,16 Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- 1 Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, & Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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109
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Guo W, Chen L, Perez C. Economic Status, Family Dependence, and Health Outcomes of Older People in Western Rural China. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2019; 62:762-775. [PMID: 31594489 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1676860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a deficiency in empirical knowledge on the physical and mental health of lower-income older people with weak family support in western rural China. To address this research gap, this article uses the data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey to analyze the disadvantaged situation of older people in western rural China through a regional comparative analysis. Our sample consisted of 7,138 older adults aged 60 or older in eastern and western, rural and urban China. We find that lower personal income is significantly associated with poor physical and mental health. Economic support from families means more for older people when they have a disability related to activities of daily living in western rural China. Fostering stronger family support networks might improve the mental health status of older people in western rural China. Our study suggests a broader scope for the state to play a greater role in economic empowerment and in the development of policies to effectively meet the present and future needs of older people in western rural China or other countries with an imbalance in the distribution of the aging population and welfare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- The Centre for Asia-Pacific Development Studies, Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Law, College of Political Science and Law, Heze University , Heze , Shandong Province , P. R. China
| | - Cristina Perez
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social & Historical Sciences, University College London , London , UK
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110
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Liu Y, Fu R, Roberto KA, Savla J. Depressive symptoms among adult children caregivers in China: moderating effects of working status and gender. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1391-1399. [PMID: 30621438 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1488943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: With over one-fifth of the world's older population, shrinking family size and increasing number of women in the workforce, elder care is a growing challenge for families in mainland China. This study explored the moderating effect of working status and gender on caregiving time and depressive symptoms among adult children caregivers in mainland China. Method: Participants were 660 adult children caregivers from a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 45 + (N = 13,204) who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Wave 2 (2013). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the direct effect of caregiving time and the moderating effects of working status and gender on symptoms of depression among caregivers. Results: Significant main effect between caregiving time and depressive symptoms was found controlling for demographic covariates. The three-way interaction between working status, gender and caregiving time was also significant. Working status and gender moderate the effect of caregiving time on depressive symptoms: among employed men and women caregivers, spending more hours providing care predicted fewer depression symptoms. Unemployed men caregivers who spent more hours providing care showed highest level of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The relationship between caregiving time and depressive symptoms was moderated by working status and gender. Future research is needed to explore factors that influence changes in caregivers' health and well-being over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- a Department of Psychology, Brandeis University , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Department of Human Development and Family Science, Center for Gerontology , Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Rong Fu
- c Department of Sociology, Siena College , Loudonville , NY , USA
| | - Karen A Roberto
- d Center for Gerontology and the Institute for Society, Culture and Environment, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Jyoti Savla
- e Department of Human Development and Family Science, Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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111
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Zong H, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu ML, Chen H. Usage patterns and comfort of gardens: a seasonal survey of internal garden microclimate in the aged care homes of Chengdu City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1181-1192. [PMID: 31256252 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of Chinese elders trade family care for institutional elder care, which poses an acute challenge due to the enormous number of elders. The internal garden of care homes is often the only green space supplied for the elderly. To elucidate the microclimate status of these internal gardens, three microclimate parameters (air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and solar radiation (SR) were measured in the gardens of eight care homes for the aged in Chengdu City (for 2015 and 2016). The results confirmed that all gardens showed effects of seasonal cooling (from 1.0 ± 0.7 to 2.00 ± 0.8 °C), humidification (from 2.8 ± 1.4 to 4.9 ± 2.0%), and weakening of solar radiation (from 52.3 ± 36.3 to 254.4 ± 124.1 w/m2). Even small internal gardens (130-4000 m2) could yield cooling effects in four seasons. Among garden subareas, the weakest SR, the lowest Ta, and the highest RH were all found in the rest area. Correlation analysis demonstrated that only in summer, the green coverage ratio of the garden significantly affected the microclimate. The observation showed that an average of 29.98% of the elderly used these internal gardens per day. The period of 8:00 am to 10:00 am was the elderly's favorite time to use the gardens. More than 68% of elders preferred to sit in the rest area. Thermal/humidity/radiation sensation votes indicated that the garden microclimate partially deviated from elders' comfortable levels, particularly in winter. The rest area showed the worst comfort level for the elders. A warmer, more humid, and more sun-exposed garden should be supplied to the elderly. Several greening strategies are proposed to improve the garden microclimate for the well-being of the elderly in the care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zong
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yin Liu
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Lin Liu
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Chen
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou B, Li W, Chen Z, Qi Q, Guo Z, Zeng Y, Sun C. [An age-stratified follow-up of complications and clinical benefit of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion procedure in middle-aged and older patients]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:996-1005. [PMID: 31407560 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201902003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare the complications and clinical scores of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion (PLIF) in middle-aged and older patients of different ages, and to assess the risk of complications of PLIF in different ages, providing a reference for clinical treatment. Methods The clinical data of 1 136 patients, who were more than 55 years old and underwent PLIF between June 2013 and June 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the age of patients undergoing surgery, they were divided into 3 groups as 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and ≥75 years old. The general characteristics, comorbidities, and surgical data of the three groups were compared, with comparison the morbidity of complications. According to the minimal clinical important difference (MCID), the improvement of patient's pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference of complications and the improvement of VAS and ODI scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors of complications. Results There were significant differences in the number of surgical fusion segments and osteoporosis between groups ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in gender, body mass index, operation time, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and comorbidities between groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 6-62 months with an average of 27.4 months. Among the results of postoperative complications, there were significant differences in the total incidence of intraoperative complications, systemic complications, minor complications, and the percentage of improvement of ODI score to MCID between groups ( P<0.05); but there was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications at the end of long-term follow-up and the percentage of improvement of VAS score to MCID between groups ( P>0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting the confounding factors, there were significant differences in intraoperative complications and the percentage of improvement of ODI score to MCID between 55-64 and 65-74 years old groups ( P<0.05); systemic complications, minor complications, complications at the end of long-term follow-up, and the percentage of improvement of ODI score to MCID in ≥75 years old group were significantly different from those in the other two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for systemic complications, minor complications, and complications at the end of long-term follow-up. Except for age, long operation time was a risk factor for intraoperative complications, increased number of fusion segments was a risk factor for systemic complications, the number of comorbidities was a risk factor for minor complications, and osteoporosis was a risk factor for complications at the end of long-term follow-up. Conclusion The risk of surgical complications is higher in the elderly patients (≥75 years) with lumbar degenerative diseases than in the middle-aged and older patients (<75 years), while the improvements of postoperative VAS and ODI scores were similar. Under the premise of fully assessing surgical indications, PLIF has a positive effect on improving the elderly patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191,
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, P.R.China
| | - Qiang Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China
| | - Zhaoqing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China
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113
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Childs A, Zullo AR, Joyce NR, McConeghy KW, van Aalst R, Moyo P, Bosco E, Mor V, Gravenstein S. The burden of respiratory infections among older adults in long-term care: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31382895 PMCID: PMC6683564 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory infections among older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are a major global concern, yet a rigorous systematic synthesis of the literature on the burden of respiratory infections in the LTCF setting is lacking. To address the critical need for evidence regarding the global burden of respiratory infections in LTCFs, we assessed the burden of respiratory infections in LTCFs through a systematic review of the published literature. Methods We identified articles published between April 1964 and March 2019 through searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Experimental and observational studies published in English that included adults aged ≥60 residing in LTCFs who were unvaccinated (to identify the natural infection burden), and that reported measures of occurrence for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or pneumonia were included. Disagreements about article inclusion were discussed and articles were included based on consensus. Data on study design, population, and findings were extracted from each article. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results A total of 1451 articles were screened for eligibility, 345 were selected for full-text review, and 26 were included. Study population mean ages ranged from 70.8 to 90.1 years. Three (12%) studies reported influenza estimates, 7 (27%) RSV, and 16 (62%) pneumonia. Eighteen (69%) studies reported incidence estimates, 7 (27%) prevalence estimates, and 1 (4%) both. Seven (27%) studies reported outbreaks. Respiratory infection incidence estimates ranged from 1.1 to 85.2% and prevalence estimates ranging from 1.4 to 55.8%. Influenza incidences ranged from 5.9 to 85.2%. RSV incidence proportions ranged from 1.1 to 13.5%. Pneumonia prevalence proportions ranged from 1.4 to 55.8% while incidence proportions ranged from 4.8 to 41.2%. Conclusions The reported incidence and prevalence estimates of respiratory infections among older LTCF residents varied widely between published studies. The wide range of estimates offers little useful guidance for decision-making to decrease respiratory infection burden. Large, well-designed epidemiologic studies are therefore still necessary to credibly quantify the burden of respiratory infections among older adults in LTCFs, which will ultimately help inform future surveillance and intervention efforts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1236-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Childs
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Andrew R Zullo
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. .,Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Nina R Joyce
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kevin W McConeghy
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robertus van Aalst
- Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, NL, the Netherlands
| | - Patience Moyo
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Elliott Bosco
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Vincent Mor
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-8, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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114
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Shi X, Zhang Z. MicroRNA-135a-5p is involved in osteoporosis progression through regulation of osteogenic differentiation by targeting RUNX2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2393-2400. [PMID: 31555350 PMCID: PMC6755271 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed to be involved in the development of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate miR-135a-5p expression and the cellular function of miR-135a-5p and its underlying mechanism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. miR-135a-5p expression levels in the femoral neck trabecular bone tissue fragments from postmenopausal women with or without osteoporosis were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The role of miR-135a-5p during osteogenic differentiation was examined by performing gain- and loss-of-function experiments using miR-135a-5p mimic or inhibitor. TargetScan bioinformatics analysis was sued to predict targets of miR-135a-5p, which were confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. miR-135a-5p expression was significantly upregulated in femoral neck trabecular bone tissue fragments from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. In addition, miR-135a-5p expression levels significantly decreased during osteogenic differentiation in the C2C12 cell model. miR-135a-5p overexpression decreased the osteogenic potential of C2C12 cells, as miR-135a-5p overexpression significantly reduced the expression levels of several key osteoblast markers, whilst miR-135a-5p knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the current study demonstrated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-135a-5p. Rescue experiments indicated that RUNX2 overexpression significantly reversed the effect of miR-135a-5p mimic on the osteogenic potential of C2C12 cells, indicating that miR-135a-5p mediates osteogenic differentiation via direct targeting of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-135a-5p may serve a role in osteoporosis progression by regulating osteogenic differentiation via RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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115
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Zhu Y, Österle A. China's policy experimentation on long-term care insurance: Implications for access. Int J Health Plann Manage 2019; 34:e1661-e1674. [PMID: 31385373 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
China's population is aging rapidly, while the traditional long-term care (LTC) system that heavily relies on families is eroding. In response, China has embarked on a journey of policy experimentation for long-term care insurance (LTCI) since 2016, launching LTCI pilots in 15 pioneer cities. These pilots have a great diversity in participation, eligibility, and provision. This paper estimates the prevalence of LTC needs and analyzes the impact of the LTCI pilots on access. Although substantial progress has been achieved, the overall coverage of LTCI is still relatively small, and a large proportion of vulnerable people needing LTC seem to be left behind because of the strict eligibility criteria. This analysis suggests that future policy experimentation on LTCI reform in China needs to address the following pressing policy issues: expanding the coverage of LTCI; narrowing rural-urban disparities in access; improving access for vulnerable subpopulations; and reducing the heavy reliance on institutional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhu
- Department of Socioeconomics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria
| | - August Österle
- Department of Socioeconomics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria
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116
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Costs of Hospitalization for Dementia in Urban China: Estimates from Two Urban Health Insurance Scheme Claims Data in Guangzhou City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152781. [PMID: 31382609 PMCID: PMC6695624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia is one of the public health priorities in China. This study aimed to examine the hospitalization costs of patients with dementia and analyzed the factors associated with their inpatient costs. Methods: This was a prevalence-based, observational study using claims data derived from two urban insurance schemes during the period from 2008 through 2013 in Guangzhou. The extended estimating equations model was performed to identify the main drivers of total inpatient costs. Results: We identified 5747 dementia patients with an average age of 77.4. The average length of stay (LOS) was 24.2 days. The average hospitalization costs per inpatient was Chinese Yuan (CNY) 9169.0 (CNY 9169.0 = US$1479.8 in 2013). The mean inpatient costs for dementia patients with the Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) scheme (CNY 9425.0 = US$1521.1) were higher than those for patients with the Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance scheme (CNY 7420.5 = US$1197.6) (p < 0.001). Having UEBMI coverage, dementia subtypes, having hypertension, being admitted in larger hospitals, and longer LOS were significantly associated with hospitalization costs of dementia. Conclusions: The costs of hospitalization for dementia were high and differed by types of insurance schemes. Dementia was associated with substantial hospitalization costs, mainly driven by insurance type and long LOS. These findings provided economic evidence for evaluating the burden of dementia in China.
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117
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Zhang X, Clarke CL, Rhynas SJ. A thematic analysis of Chinese people with dementia and family caregivers' experiences of home care in China. DEMENTIA 2019; 19:2821-2835. [PMID: 31357880 DOI: 10.1177/1471301219861466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing in place is a key principle of older care services in many countries, especially in China where the social convention, cultural expectation and legal obligation emphasise that looking after parents is the children's responsibility. As a result, the majority of older, frail Chinese have been cared for at home by their families. Previous studies have argued that being cared for at home contributes positively to the well-being and quality of life of older people and to economic cost. However, due to the sociocultural, economic and demographic changes in China, older people and their family caregivers are facing many challenges as they 'age in place' at home. This study aims to explore the meaning of family supported home care in China from the perspectives of people with dementia and family caregivers. The study is based on qualitative data collected from 24 people with dementia and family caregivers recruited from one mental health centre in Shandong province, China. Three main themes and nine subthemes were found: home care may create a sense of social isolation; home care is a burden; home care versus institutional care. The study suggests that while home care may bring social and psychological benefits, it also can be a barrier to building social connection, receiving social support, and other related services in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah J Rhynas
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
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118
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Predicting the Future Chinese Population using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, the Sixth National Population Census, and a PDE Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11133686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
:A precise multi-scenario prediction of future population, based on micro-scale census data and localized interpretation of global scenarios, is significant for understanding long-term demographic changes. However, the data used in previous research need to be further refined. Few studies have focused on predicting the sex ratio at birth, which is vitally important for estimating the future size and structure of the population. It is also important to interpret and set parameters for China's future population development in line with the framework for global shared socioeconomic pathways. This paper, therefore, used the structural population data for provinces, prefectures, and counties from the Sixth National Population Census of China. It comprehensively considered the impact of China’s economic development level, specific population policies, and loss of an only child on key parameters, and localized the population change parameters for different scenarios. A population–development–environment model was used to explain the population change parameters. The population of 340 districts was refined, forecast, and aggregated to the national scale. The results show that the Chinese population is expected to first increase then decrease under the five paths from 2010 to 2050. The aging demographic structure is not reversed under any paths, and the increase or decrease in the urban and rural populations between adjacent node years is closely related to the fertility rate and urbanization speed. We suggest that measures should be taken to encourage childbearing, manage the aging population problem, and reduce the pressure on young and middle-aged people.
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119
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Zeng Y, Hu X, Li Y, Zhen X, Gu Y, Sun X, Dong H. The Quality of Caregivers for the Elderly in Long-Term Care Institutions in Zhejiang Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122164. [PMID: 31248074 PMCID: PMC6617400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
China is facing challenges in caring for older adults. This paper aimed to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding the quality of caregivers for the elderly in long-term care institutions in Zhejiang Province, and also to find related factors to improve the quality of caregivers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2016 in Zhejiang Province. In total, 84 caregivers were interviewed face-to-face with questionnaires on KAP towards elderly care. Multiple linear regression was used to find the related factors to KAP. A conceptual model was made to process path analysis among KAP and influencing factors using structural equation modeling. The study found that most caregivers in Zhejiang Province were middle-aged, female, and with a diploma below middle school. Many caregivers had not received any pre-employment training. Their salary was low although they undertook high-intensity work. Education and working years had a positive effect on knowledge and practice scores, and pre-employment training had a positive effect on knowledge and attitude scores. Knowledge and attitude regarding elderly care could positively affect elderly care practices. The quality of caregivers in Zhejiang Province was at a low level compared to developed countries. Continuous and regular elderly care training should be provided for caregivers to improve their elderly care knowledge and hence the quality of elderly care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zeng
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhen
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuxuan Gu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xueshan Sun
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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120
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Fu L, Sun Z, He L, Liu F, Jing X. Global Long-Term Care Research: A Scientometric Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122077. [PMID: 31212782 PMCID: PMC6616636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, long-term care (LTC) has attracted a broad range of attention from public health practitioners and researchers worldwide and produced a large volume of literature. We conducted a comprehensive scientometric review based on 14,019 LTC articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1963 to 2018, to explore the status and trends of global LTC research. Using CiteSpace software, we conducted collaboration analysis, document co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The results showed a rapid increase in annual LTC publications, while the annual citation counts exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship with years. The most productive LTC research institutions and authors are located primarily in North American and European countries. A simultaneous analysis of both references and keywords revealed that common LTC hot topics include dementia care, quality of care, prevalence and risk factors, mortality, and randomized controlled trial. In addition, LTC research trends have shifted from the demand side to the supply side, and from basic studies to practical applications. The new research frontiers are frailty in elderly people and dementia care. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the current state, popular themes, trends, and future directions of LTC research worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lanping He
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoli Jing
- Department of Integrated Studies in Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada.
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Alzheimer Disease-associated Cortical Atrophy Does not Differ Between Chinese and Whites. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:186-193. [PMID: 31094707 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether there are differences in Alzheimer disease (AD)-associated atrophy regions in Chinese and white patients with AD versus cognitively normal older adults, and to test whether associations between clinical severity and gray matter volume are similar or different across these ethnic groups in a cross-sectional analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chinese and white patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively normal controls (46 white and 48 Chinese) were clinically evaluated at an academic center within 1 year of magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. Clinical severity was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes and cortical atrophy was measured using voxel-based morphometry as well as Freesurfer. Chinese and white cohorts were demographically matched for age, sex, and education. RESULTS Clinical severity by diagnosis was similar across ethnicities. Chinese and white patient groups showed similar amounts of atrophy in the regions most affected in AD after accounting for demographic variables and head size. There was no significant difference between ethnic groups when compared by atrophy and clinical severity. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Chinese and white patients with AD, when matched demographically, are clinically and neuroanatomically similar on normalized measures of cortical atrophy and clinical severity.
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122
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Zhai T, Goss J, Dmytraczenko T, Zhang Y, Li J, Chai P. China’s Health Expenditure Projections To 2035: Future Trajectory And The Estimated Impact Of Reforms. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019; 38:835-843. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Zhai
- Tiemin Zhai is an associate professor in the Department of National Health Accounts and Policy Studies at the China National Health Development Research Center, in Beijing. He was a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, in Australia, when this work was completed
| | - John Goss
- John Goss is an adjunct associate professor in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra
| | - Tania Dmytraczenko
- Tania Dmytraczenko is a practice manager in the Health Nutrition and Population Global Practice, Europe and Central Asia Region, World Bank, in Washington, D.C
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Yuhui Zhang is director of the Department of National Health Accounts and Policy Studies at the China National Health Development Research Center
| | - Jinjing Li
- Jinjing Li is an associate professor at the Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis, University of Canberra
| | - Peipei Chai
- Peipei Chai is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, and an assistant researcher in Department of National Health Accounts and Policy Studies at the China National Health Development Research Center
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Hong R, Xie J, Zhang F, Pan H, Guo C. Identification of association between rs1057317 polymorphism in TLR4 3'-untranslated region and the susceptibility to osteoporosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13765-13774. [PMID: 30989725 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been proved that the expression of TLR4 is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OP). One single-nucleotide polymorphism located within the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TLR4 may "generate" binding site of miR-34a and thereby associated with risk of OP. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to specify the effect of polymorphisms on the interaction between miR-34a and TLR4 gene. Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to study the expressions of miR-34a, TLR4 in different groups or cells transfected with miR-34a mimics or inhibitor. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the effect of miR-34a on the apoptosis of osteoblast. TLR4 was identified as a target of miR-34a, with negative regulatory relationship predicted. The expression levels of miR-34a was comparable with each other between CC, CA, and AA groups, and the expression levels of TLR4 was evidently lower in CC compared with GG and GC groups. Also, TLR4 level in culture osteoblast (genotyped as CC) treated with miR-34a mimics was substantially downregulated compared with scramble control, while those cells (genotyped as CC) treated with miR-34a inhibitors showed increased expression of TLR4. Additionally, the apoptosis of osteoblast genotyped as CC was decreased following transfection with miR-34a mimics, while evidently promoted subsequent to transfect with miR-34a inhibitor. The regulatory association between rs1057317 polymorphism in TLR4 3'-UTR led to an inhibitory effect on the expression of TLR4 by miR-34a, which may explain the observed association between the polymorphism and the susceptibility to OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Hong
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Oncology Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hansong Pan
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changjun Guo
- Orthopedics Department, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Clinical and Pathological Analysis of 4910 Patients Who Received Renal Biopsies at a Single Center in Northeast China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6869179. [PMID: 31032355 PMCID: PMC6457280 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6869179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To identify the epidemiology and pathological types of kidney diseases and their changes during the past decade, in a population from Northeast China. Methods We retrospectively analysed clinical and renal pathological data from 4910 patients who received renal biopsies in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from 2008 to 2017. Results Males received more renal biopsies than females (p < 0.001). The average age (p < 0.001) and percentage of elderly patients (p < 0.001) increased over time. The pathological types were primary glomerulonephritis (PGN, 73.2%), secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN, 23.7%), tubular-interstitial nephropathy (TIN, 2.8%), and hereditary nephropathy (HN, 0.3%). The most common forms of PGN were membranous nephropathy (MN, 37.2%) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 29.9%). Over time, the prevalence of IgAN decreased, but the prevalence of MN increased. MN was more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, but IgAN was most common in young adults. Analysis of SGN data indicated that lupus nephritis (LN, 34.0%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (HSPN, 17.9%), and diabetic nephropathy (DN, 11.7%) were the most common forms. Over time, the prevalence of DN (p = 0.003), hypertension-associated renal damage (p = 0.005), and systemic vasculitis-associated nephritis (SVARD, p < 0.001) increased, but the prevalence of HSPN (p < 0.001) and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN, p = 0.001) decreased. Nephrotic syndrome was the main clinical manifestation of PGN. Conclusion From 2008 to 2017, renal biopsies were increasingly performed in the elderly. There were notable changes in the epidemiology and pathological types of kidney disease among renal biopsy patients at our centre.
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Ma S, Shi J, Li L. Dilemmas in caring for older adults in Zhejiang Province, China: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 30876471 PMCID: PMC6420727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the increase in life expectancy and sickliness, caring for older adults has become a major challenge in China, where the traditional care system is disintegrating and community- and home-based care have been introduced to respond to this ‘silver wave’. However, there is limited knowledge of the dilemmas associated with caring for older adults and the acceptability of community- and home-based care for this population. Methods Participants were recruited from Xihu District, Hangzhou, from June to July 2017. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. Audio recording, verbatim transcription, and thematic analysis were conducted. Results A total of 64 older adults from four communities were interviewed. Half of the participants had multiple chronic diseases. The very old individuals and those with severe diseases and in poor financial conditions were observed to be struggling the most. Health status, financial capability, and personality were the main factors affecting the care process. Participants cited the following reasons for staying away from nursing homes: misunderstanding, negative environment, a sense of shame, loneliness, and financial limitations. Community- and home-based cares are popular forms of old-age care; however, some participants exhibited a lack of knowledge about such services. Conclusion A multi-layered old-age care system is urgently needed for older adults in Zhejiang Province. Further, it is important that such a system integrates the care provided through community- and home-based services with that offered by nursing homes. Community- and home-based care for older adults needs to be prioritised, and the quality of care provided in nursing homes should be improved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6637-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Ma
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Room 1001, Comprehensive Building of Medical School, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Room 1001, Comprehensive Building of Medical School, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Ni P, Ko E, Mao J. Preferences for Feeding Tube Use and Their Determinants Among Cognitively Intact Nursing Home Residents in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 31:13-21. [PMID: 30810098 DOI: 10.1177/1043659619832078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Standard advance care planning practice is yet to be established in Mainland, China, and little is known about feeding tube preferences among Chinese nursing home residents. The purpose of the study was to examine preferences for feeding tube use and its predictors among frail and cognitively competent nursing home residents in Wuhan, China. Method: A cross-sectional sample of 682 nursing home residents were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire from 2012 to 2014. Results: A total of 54.5% of participants would accept feeding tube. Participants who reported greater quality of life (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67), having health insurance (OR = 2.09) were more willing to accept feeding tube. Participants with greater impairment in physical health (OR = 0.94) were less willing to accept it. Discussion: Health care professionals need to routinely assess nursing home residents' feeding tube preferences. It is imperative to consider sociocultural perspectives in understanding Chinese older adults' decision making for end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ni
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Eunjeong Ko
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jing Mao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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127
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhang CL, Wu HR. Prioritization of candidate metabolites for postmenopausal osteoporosis using multi-omics composite network. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3155-3161. [PMID: 30936988 PMCID: PMC6434278 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk metabolites of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) were explored to offer a theoretical basis for future therapy. The data E-GEOD-7429 were downloaded from ArrayExpress database. In total 20 samples deprived from postmenopausal women having low or high bone mineral density (BMD) were covered in this expression profile. After screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene-gene network was constructed taking the intersection between the DEGs and genes in the seed protein-protein interaction network. Then, the other five networks were established, including metabolite, phenotype, gene-metabolite, phenotype-gene, and phenotype-metabolite networks. Next, these 6 networks were integrated into one weighted multi-omics network to further identify the candidate metabolites using random walk with restart based on the PO-related seed genes, seed metabolites and phenotype. Using the score among nodes of the weighted composite network, the top 50 metabolites, and the top 100 co-expressed genes interacting with the top 50 metabolites were detected. A set of 601 DEGs between low BMD and high BMD samples were selected. Significantly, the top 5 metabolites were respectively glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine, all-trans-5,6-epoxyretinoic acid, tretinoin, colecalciferol, and rocaltrol. Moreover, 3 metabolites (estraderm, triphosadenine, and tretinoin) had a degree >50 in the co-expression network. Tretinoin was the member of the top 5 metabolites, and estraderm was a metabolite with the seventh interaction score. A series of metabolites, tretinoin and estraderm might be closely associated with the onset and progression of PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Gaotang, Gaotang, Shandong 252800, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Rong Wu
- Department of Spinal Bone, General Hospital of Xingtai Coal Mineral Company, Jizhong Energy Resource, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
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128
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Hu K, Guo Y, Yang X, Zhong J, Fei F, Chen F, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Chen G, Chen Q, Ye T, Li S, Qi J. Temperature variability and mortality in rural and urban areas in Zhejiang province, China: An application of a spatiotemporal index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1044-1051. [PMID: 30180312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature variability (TV) is a potential trigger for death in urban areas, but there is little evidence of this in rural areas. In addition, a typical TV index only considers the temporal variability of temperature and ignores its spatial variability, which should be considered due to the effects of human mobility. Here this study aimed to 1) develop a novel spatiotemporal TV index accounting for human mobility; and 2) based on this index, explore the urban-rural differences in TV-mortality associations in China. METHODS We collected daily data on fine-gridded hourly temperatures and >2 million deaths that occurred in Zhejiang province, China from 2009 to 2015. A spatiotemporal TV index was developed by calculating the standard deviation of the hourly temperatures from multi-site records over the course of several exposure days. A three-stage analysis was performed to estimate the mortality risks and mortality burdens of TV. Stratified analyses were performed by cause-specific mortality, urban/rural district, age and gender. RESULTS Significant associations were found between TV and all types of targeted diseases, age groups, and genders. Percentage increase in mortality associated with a 1 °C increase in TV at 0-7 exposure days were found to be higher for rural dwellers than urban dwellers in the warm season [for all-cause mortality, 2.07% (95% CI: 1.49%, 2.64%) vs. 1.16% (95%CI: 0.70%, 1.62%)]. An estimated all-cause mortality fraction of 5.33% was attributable to TV, with 4.99% in urban areas and 6.02% in rural areas. The elderly (aged 65+ years) and females were more sensitive to TV than young people and males, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A spatiotemporal TV index was developed, considering both the temporal and spatial variability of temperatures. TV is an independent health risk factor. In China, rural areas generally suffer greater TV-related mortality risks than urban areas in the warm season. Our findings have important implications for developing area-, cause-, and group-specific adaptation strategies and emergency planning to reduce TV-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Hu
- Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Xuchao Yang
- Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA.
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Fangrong Fei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Jiaguo Qi
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA
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129
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Wang S, Cheung DSK, Leung AYM. Overview of dementia care under the three-tier long-term care system of China. Public Health Nurs 2018; 36:199-206. [PMID: 30549090 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper provides an overview of the status of dementia care in Mainland China under the framework of the three-tier long-term care system proposed by the Chinese government, and gives the direction for service development. METHODS Official documents, annual reports of related associations, and studies conducted in Mainland China from 2006 to 2017, published both in English and Chinese were reviewed. RESULTS With the establishment of the three-tier long-term care system, the Government has invested a lot in long-term care, and improvements have been made. However, specific areas of dementia care still face challenges. DISCUSSION Strategies in improving the long-term care services have been achieved. These included training for informal caregivers at home settings, increased investment in community health centers, and increased institutional placements, etc. However, these are not enough to fulfill the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Multiple levels of training and interaction within the framework of the three-tier long-term care system as well as more research are recommended for improving dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Angela Y M Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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130
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Wang J, Wang J, Cao Y, Jia S, Wu B. Perceived Empowerment, Social Support, and Quality of Life Among Chinese Older Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities. J Aging Health 2018; 30:1595-1619. [PMID: 30173625 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318795724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines how older residents' social support and perceived empowerment are associated with their quality of life (QOL) in long-term care (LTC) facilities in Shanghai, China, controlling for their health-related conditions, facility type, and other socio-demographic characteristics. METHOD Using a convenient sampling approach, we selected nine LTC facilities in Shanghai, China. We surveyed 515 older residents from these facilities. RESULTS Older participants in this study rate their QOL, social support, and perceived empowerment as moderate, and these variables are positively associated with their QOL. Older residents who live in government-owned and private-run LTC facilities are more likely to have a higher level of perceived QOL compared with those living in government-run facilities. DISCUSSION There is an urgent need to increase staff awareness and capacity to empower older residents, and to engage them in their care plan and delivery. LTC facilities could provide more opportunities for older residents' social networking within and outside LTC facilities. Improvement of older residents' QOL is critical in the future development of resident-centered care models in LTC facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1 Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bei Wu
- 3 NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York City, USA.,4 Shanghai University, China
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131
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Chai X, Kalyal H. Cell Phone Use and Happiness Among Chinese Older Adults: Does Rural/Urban Residence Status Matter? Res Aging 2018; 41:85-109. [PMID: 30092735 DOI: 10.1177/0164027518792662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between cell phone use and self-reported happiness among older adults in Mainland China and whether rural/urban residence status moderates this relationship. The analysis is based on a sample of 6,952 respondents over the age of 60, from the 2010 wave of China Family Panel Studies. Findings show that using own cell phone is positively associated with self-reported happiness among Chinese older adults (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.283, p < .001). This relationship remains for respondents residing in rural areas ( OR = 1.616, p < .01) but not for their urban counterparts. Findings reflect on how the happiness of Chinese older adults has been affected by a growing shift in the traditional family values due to the unprecedented economic growth. Results also highlight the disparities between state support for older adults in rural and urban areas as well as the necessity to develop relevant policies to improve the subjective well-being of China's rapidly growing population of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Chai
- 1 Department of Sociology, Social Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hina Kalyal
- 1 Department of Sociology, Social Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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132
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Li X, Fan L, Leng SX. The Aging Tsunami and Senior Healthcare Development in China. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1462-1468. [PMID: 29974937 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
China faces an aging tsunami. By the end of 2016, the number of older adults aged 60 and older reached 230 million. This number is projected to reach 418 million by 2035 and peak at 487 million by 2053. The number of individuals aged 80 and older, the oldest adults, reached 26 million and continues to grow by 1 million a year. The socioeconomic context, characterized by an inverted pyramid family structure and the number of "empty nesters," has greatly compromised traditional Chinese family support for older adults. This article aims to provide an overview of geriatrics development in China. It begins with a brief account of the dramatic demographic shift, major socioeconomic factors, China's healthcare system, and reform related to senior health with a historical perspective. It then describes recent advances in government policy and support and development of a geriatrics physician workforce, care models, primary care networks, and privately owned senior care facilities and support services. Although it is impossible to cover all aspects of the topic, it is hoped that this article provides readers an overall picture of Chinese geriatrics and senior healthcare development in a complex and evolving healthcare system. Geriatrics communities in the United States and around the world will undoubtedly learn and benefit from the unparalleled and continued efforts to address this unprecedented opportunity and challenge in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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133
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Hu X, Zeng Y, Zhen X, Zhang H, Li Y, Gu S, Dong H. Cognitive and physical function of people older than 80 years in China from 1998 to 2014. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2810-2827. [PMID: 29781357 PMCID: PMC6124279 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518773211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was performed to describe the health status of Chinese oldest-old individuals aged ≥80 years from 1998 to 2014 and explore differences in their health status based on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status. Methods Data were obtained from the seven waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Mini Mental State Examination, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and chair stand test were used to examine cognitive and physical function. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the changes in health outcomes. Results Regression results showed increasing cognitive impairment trends and decreasing disability trends, indicating that the oldest-old individuals had worse body function in more recent years. Older people and women had a weaker health status. Rural elders had better physical performance but worse cognitive function. Participants with an education had better overall functioning. Individuals with severe disability had the shortest survival time among the study population. Conclusions From 1998 to 2014, the health status of oldest-old individuals was relatively stable in China. These findings indicate the need for specific and continuing attention to the oldest-old population to improve their health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zeng
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhen
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Gu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Center for Health Policy Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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134
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Li Z, Zhang W, Huang Y. MiRNA-133a is involved in the regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis through promoting osteoclast differentiation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:273-280. [PMID: 29425279 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The important role of miR-133a in the progress and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis has been reported, however, the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. In this study, qRT-PCR analysis was performed to assess miR-133 expression in serum isolated from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients (PMOP) and healthy controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The results showed that miR-133a was significantly upregulated and negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD in serum of postmenopausal osteoporotic women. The miR-133a mimic, miR-133a inhibitor, and the corresponding controls were transfected into RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells, respectively. TRAP-positive cells were counted and the protein expression of NFATc1, c-Fos and TRAP were detected by western blot analysis. We found that MiR-133a was upregulated during osteoclastogenesis, and overexpression of miR-133a promoted RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells into osteoclasts, whereas miR-133a knockdown showed the reversed results. In in vivo experiment, rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and injected with antagomiR-133a or antagoNC, and were sacrificed for collecting serum and lumbar spine for ELISA, micro-computed Tomography (CT) and bone histomorphology analysis, respectively. It was found that, in OVX rats, miR-133a knockdown altered the levels of osteoclastogenesis-related factors in serum and increased lumbar spine BMD and changed bone histomorphology. Collectively, miRNA-133a is involved in the regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis through promoting osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
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135
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Hildebrandt T. The One-Child Policy, Elder Care, and LGB Chinese: A Social Policy Explanation for Family Pressure. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2018; 66:590-608. [PMID: 29297777 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1422946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people in China consistently report family pressure as the greatest challenge they face in their daily lives. This problem has been explained primarily by highlighting sociocultural factors. While such explanations are important to understanding family pressure, they do not easily lead to actionable policy interventions to relieve it. This article suggests a new way of looking at family pressure by positing a social policy explanation. In particular, it reveals how both the one-child policy and elder care reforms have strong heteronormative biases that negatively and disproportionately affect LGB people, and it explores social policy interventions that may help address them. Beyond the China case, the article seeks to open up new avenues for research into how sexuality could be better accounted for in analyses of social policies and considered in broader discussions on defamilization and welfare state reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hildebrandt
- a Department of Social Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , UK
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136
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Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Qi L, Wang Y, Ren S. The participation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in the progression of osteoporosis via JAK/STAT pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3819-3828. [PMID: 28782829 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a major skeletal disorder for the old man. The fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FGF23 in the progression of osteoporosis remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore the downstream regulating pathway of FGF23 in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The rat model of osteoporosis was established through ovariectomy (OVX). The investigation demonstrated that the serum levels of FGF23 and the phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 were up-regulated in the OVX + NVP-BGJ398 group while were down-regulated in the OVX + Anti-FGF23 group than that in the OVX group. Moreover, the JAK2/STAT1/3 inhibitor, AG490 promoted the OVX-induced increase in the osteocalcin, ALP, BALP, TRAP, and CTX-I levels. Besides, AG490 enhanced cartilage lesions and increased TUNEL-positive chondrocytes in the OVX group. In addition, higher protein expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 and lower expression of COX-II were observed in the OVX + AG490 group than that in the OVX group. Our findings suggested that FGF23 was involved in the progression of osteoporosis via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaigang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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137
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Li F, Otani J. Financing elderly people's long-term care needs: Evidence from China. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 33:479-488. [PMID: 29327366 PMCID: PMC6032836 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Confronted by accelerated population aging, China is establishing a long-term care (LTC) system. This study discusses challenges and recommendations for financing China's LTC system. On the basis of the data on elderly people's self-care ability from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we calculate the size of the elderly population that need LTC for the period from 2015 to 2030 and analyse the increasing tendency of LTC expenses by considering the impact of price increase. We also analyse the local governments' financial capacity for LTC support by comparing the expense level to the fiscal revenue. The study found that aging will double the LTC expenses by 2030. Therefore, this study suggests the establishment of an LTC insurance system that allocates LTC expenses, which are currently borne by individuals and families, more fairly among the government, individuals, and families. Moreover, with the current LTC reforms, implemented primarily by local governments in China, we believe that the central government should bear some of the fiscal responsibility by conducting fiscal transfers to partially support undeveloped regions that are establishing an LTC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Li
- College of Marine Culture and Law, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junko Otani
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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138
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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ding X, Ying X. Demand for Long-Term Care Insurance in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010006. [PMID: 29271906 PMCID: PMC5800106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for long-term care insurance (LTCI) and to explore the determinants of demand for LTCI in China. We collected data from a household survey conducted in Qinghai and Zhejiang on a sample of 1842 households. We relied on contingent valuation methods to elicit the demand for LTCI and random effects logistic regression to analyze the factors associated with the demand for LTCI. Complementarily, we used document analysis to compare the LTCI designed in this study and the current LTCI policies in the pilot cities. More than 90% of the respondents expressed their willingness to buy LTCI. The median WTP for LTCI was estimated at 370.14 RMB/year, accounting for 2.29% of average annual per capita disposable income. Price, age, education status, and income were significantly associated with demand for LTCI. Most pilot cities were found to mainly rely on Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance funds as the financing source for LTCI. Considering that financing is one of the greatest challenges in the development of China's LTCI, we suggest that policy makers consider individual contribution as an important and possible option as a source of financing for LTCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xinrui Ding
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ying
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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139
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Hou JH, Zhu HX, Zhou ML, Le WB, Zeng CH, Liang SS, Xu F, Liang DD, Shao SJ, Liu Y, Liu ZH. Changes in the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases: An Analysis of 40,759 Biopsy-Proven Cases from 2003 to 2014 in China. KIDNEY DISEASES 2017; 4:10-19. [PMID: 29594138 DOI: 10.1159/000484717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the changing spectrum of kidney diseases over time in China using renal biopsy-proven cases. Methods All patients over the age of 14 years who were diagnosed with a kidney disease by renal biopsy in the Renal Biopsy Registry of the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, from 2003 to 2014 were included. Results In total, 40,759 cases of renal biopsy were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 36.59 ± 14.12 years. 52.0$ of the patients were male. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN), secondary glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial disease, and hereditary renal diseases accounted for 67.1, 26.4, 2.9, and 2.5$, respectively. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were the leading PGN diagnoses. The frequency of MN increased significantly (p < 0.001) by doubling from 2003 to 2014. An analysis by age category indicated that the frequency of MN increased significantly over time (p < 0.001) in all age categories and increased by more than 2 times in the 14-24 age category. Lupus nephritis (LN) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) decreased significantly (p < 0.001), diabetic nephropathy (DN) increased nearly twice (p < 0.001), monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) tripled (p < 0.001), and hypertensive nephropathy (HT) (p < 0.001) and renal amyloidosis (AMY) (p < 0.05) showed an upward trend. An analysis by age category showed that hepatitis B-related nephritis has significantly decreased in the 14-24 age category (p < 0.001). Conclusion PGN continued to be the predominant kidney disease in China with IgAN being the most common PGN. The frequency of MN increased significantly, with a maximum increase in young adults. LN and HSPN decreased significantly, DN and MIDD increased significantly, and HT and AMY also showed an increasing trend. The kidney disease trends presented in this study serve as a reference point for patient care, disease prevention, and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xian Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Lin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Bo Le
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Hong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Shan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Jia Shao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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140
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Zhang H, Gao T, Gao J, Kong Y, Hu Y, Wang R, Mei S. A comparative study of negative life events and depressive symptoms among healthy older adults and older adults with chronic disease. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:699-707. [PMID: 29058982 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017736543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to study internal relations and functionary mechanism between social support, coping style, negative life events and depressive symptoms and compare these relations in healthy older adults and older adults with chronic disease. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. In total, 1,264 older adults with chronic disease and 749 healthy older adults participated in this investigation which consist of socio-demographic characters, negative life events, social support, coping style and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The path and direction of variable function in healthy older adults were inconsistent with older adults with chronic disease. Older adults with chronic disease had more severe depressive symptoms and negative life events, and lower social support and positive coping style. Negative life events, subjective support, positive coping style and negative coping style were significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Objective support may weaken the influence of negative life events on depressive symptoms in chronic disease group. Utilization of support and positive coping style worsen the effect of negative life events on depressive symptoms in healthy older adults. CONCLUSION This study implied that to improve their mental health, attention should be paid to the role of biological, psychological and social stress factors and its inherent law of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinglei Gao
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixi Kong
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruimei Wang
- 2 Department of Science and Education, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Songli Mei
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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141
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Kai H, Xixia L, Miaoyun L, Qinchang C, Xinzhi P, Dingyuan L, Honghao L. Intraoperative nerve monitoring reduces recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Acta Otolaryngol 2017; 137:1275-1280. [PMID: 28741396 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1354397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to investigate whether the intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) can reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 522 geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery between January 2013 and June 2016 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. Patients with IONM during the surgery (n = 340) were compared with patients without IONM (n = 212). RLN injury was verified by direct or indirect laryngoscope and relative factors for injury would be retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The use of IONM group showed significant reduction in both total and transient RLN injury incidence, when compared with that in control group (1.76 versus 4.72%, p = .01 and 1.32 versus 3.67%, p = .03, respectively). However, the permanent RLN injury incidence did not show difference between the two groups (p = .3). CONCLUSIONS Our finding showed the use of IONM resulted in significantly reduction in RLN injury incidence. The technology of IONM is safe and convenient to detect, track and monitor the complete function of RLN and to provide the guidance for the surgeons during the thyroid surgery in geriatric patients, who are at high risk of RLN injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kai
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lin Xixia
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Long Miaoyun
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Qinchang
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peng Xinzhi
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Luo Dingyuan
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Honghao
- Division of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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142
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Wang YY, Xiang YT, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Chiu HFK, Yim LCL, Si TM, Chee KY, Avasthi A, Grover S, Chong MY, Sim K, Kanba S, He YL, Lee MS, Yang SY, Udomratn P, Kallivayalil RA, Tanra AJ, Maramis MM, Shen WW, Sartorius N, Mahendran R, Teng JY, Tan CH, Shinfuku N. A comparison of clinical characteristics of older adults treated with antidepressants in general and psychiatric hospitals in Asia. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17:348-355. [PMID: 28429844 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, and antidepressant prescription patterns between Asian patients aged 50 years and older attending psychiatric hospitals and those attending general hospitals. METHODS In total, 955 patients (604 in general hospitals, 351 in psychiatric hospitals) aged 50 years or older treated with antidepressants in 10 Asian countries and territories were examined. Patients' demographics, clinical features, and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. RESULTS Binary logistic regression revealed that high income and diagnosis of schizophrenia were independently associated with psychiatric hospital treatment, whereas outpatient care, diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and multiple major medical conditions were independently associated with general hospital treatment. In addition, tetracyclic and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants were more likely to be prescribed in general hospitals. CONCLUSION Older adults treated with antidepressants showed different demographic and clinical features between general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Notre Dame Australia / Marian Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Larina C L Yim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Department of Psychiatry, The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (The Sixth Hospital), Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Kok-Yoon Chee
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neurosciences, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mian-Yoon Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang Sim
- Department of General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yan-Ling He
- Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pichet Udomratn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Roy A Kallivayalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvalla, India
| | - Andi J Tanra
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Margarita M Maramis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Winston W Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, TMU-Wan Fang Medical Center and School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia-Ying Teng
- Department of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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143
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Zhu Y, Österle A. Rural-urban disparities in unmet long-term care needs in China: The role of the hukou status. Soc Sci Med 2017; 191:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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144
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Mei H, Turale S. Coping experience of health concerns and physical disability for older Chinese people: A qualitative, descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:444-451. [PMID: 28752946 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this qualitative, descriptive study, we explored the perspectives of older, community-dwelling Chinese people regarding their experiences of coping with a physical disability and their health concerns. Twenty participants were interviewed in-depth, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Five themes with 13 subthemes emerged that described older people's experiences of coping with health concerns and disability: (i) ignoring health concerns; (ii) managing self; (iii) seeking medical help; (iv) living with physical disability; and (v) relying on limited resources. Most participants did not have sufficient access to health services due to physical disability and financial deficits, so they tended to ignore their health conditions or tackle them independently before seeking medical help. At the same time, they were impacted on by social and cultural factors. Policies are required that offer more resources to community-dwelling people with disabilities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Mei
- HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sue Turale
- HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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145
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Pei X, Luo H, Lin Z, Keating N, Fast J. The Impact of Eldercare on Adult Children’s Health and Employment in Transitional China. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2017; 32:357-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-017-9330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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146
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Song Y, Scales K, Anderson RA, Wu B, Corazzini KN. Resident challenges with daily life in Chinese long-term care facilities: A qualitative pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2017. [PMID: 28633954 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As traditional family-based care in China declines, the demand for residential care increases. Knowledge of residents' experiences with long-term care (LTC) facilities is essential to improving quality of care. This pilot study aimed to describe residents' experiences in LTC facilities, particularly as it related to physical function. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted in two facilities with residents stratified by three functional levels (n = 5). Directed content analysis was guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework. A two-cycle coding approach was used with a first-cycle descriptive coding and second-cycle dramaturgical coding. Interviews provided examples of challenges faced by residents in meeting their daily care needs. Five themes emerged: staff care, care from family members, physical environment, other residents in the facility, and personal strategies. Findings demonstrate the significance of organizational context for care quality and reveal foci for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kezia Scales
- Duke University School of Nursing, USA; Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, USA
| | - Ruth A Anderson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, USA
| | - Kirsten N Corazzini
- Duke University School of Nursing, USA; Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, USA
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147
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Abstract
ABSTRACTWe investigate how the mental health of older adults (60–85) is associated with childlessness and sonlessness in China, where gender-biased filial expectations and strong son preference exist. The China Family Panel Study (2012, N = 6,021) and ordinary least squares regression models are used to investigate the relationship between depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale) and parental status, distinguishing between childless, parents of both sons and daughters, parents of only sons and parents of only daughters. Arguing that modernisation shapes gender preferences for children as well as formal care and pension provisions for older adults, we find a sharp rural–urban divide in the relationship between parental status and depression. Just having a son is not what matters as the best faring groups are parents who have both sons and daughters, regardless of the number of children. Rural childless and sonless are similar, whereas in urban areas parental status is not so salient, supporting modernisation theory.
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148
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Sun Y, Stone TE, Petrini MA. Swearing and verbal aggression in China: A call to action. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:139-141. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- HOPE School of Nursing; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | | | - Marcia A. Petrini
- Dean Emeritus/Professor Wuhan University Wuhan China and Visiting Professor Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai; Thailand
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149
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Changing caregiving relationships for older home-based Chinese people in a transitional stage: Trends, factors and policy implications. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:219-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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150
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Wang S, Ungvari GS, Forester BP, Chiu HFK, Wu Y, Kou C, Fu Y, Qi Y, Liu Y, Tao Y, Yu Y, Li B, Xiang YT. Gender differences in general mental health, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases in older adults in Jilin province, China. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:58-62. [PMID: 28189080 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is little information on gender differences in general mental health, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases in Chinese elderly. We examined the gender differences in general mental health, smoking, drinking and a number of chronic diseases in a large Chinese old population. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. A total of 4115 people (2198 women; 1917 men) aged between 60 and 79 years were included and their general mental health, smoking, drinking and chronic diseases were recorded with standardized assessment tools. Multivariate analyses revealed that women were less likely to be current smokers and frequent drinkers, but had higher prevalence of poor mental health compared with their male counterparts. In addition, the prevalence rate of chronic diseases and multi-morbidities were higher in women than that in men (both p values <0.05). Health professionals and policy makers need to pay special attention to the common chronic diseases and poor mental health in older women and higher prevalence of smoking and drinking in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia / Marian Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Brent P Forester
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA & Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingli Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchun Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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