101
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Granchi C, Roy S, De Simone A, Salvetti I, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Macchia M, Lanza M, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Lucacchini A, Giovannetti E, Sciarrillo R, Peters GJ, Minutolo F. N-Hydroxyindole-based inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase against cancer cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5398-407. [PMID: 21944286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer research is being increasingly focused on the study of distinctive characters of tumour metabolism, resulting in a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis (Warburg effect). Isoform 5 of human lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH5), which catalyzes the final step in the glycolytic cascade (pyruvate to lactate), constitutes a relatively new and untapped anti-cancer target. In this study, careful design and synthesis of a selected series of aryl-substituted N-hydroxyindole-2-carboxylates (NHIs) has led to several hLDH5-inhibitors, showing "first-in-class" potency and isoform selectivity. Enzyme kinetics studies indicated that these inhibitors exhibit a competitive mode of inhibition. Some representative examples were tested against two human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, and displayed a good anti-proliferative activity, which was even more evident under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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102
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Zawacka-Pankau J, Grinkevich VV, Hünten S, Nikulenkov F, Gluch A, Li H, Enge M, Kel A, Selivanova G. Inhibition of glycolytic enzymes mediated by pharmacologically activated p53: targeting Warburg effect to fight cancer. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41600-41615. [PMID: 21862591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.240812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unique sensitivity of tumor cells to the inhibition of glycolysis is a good target for anticancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the pharmacologically activated tumor suppressor p53 mediates the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that p53 binds to the promoters of metabolic genes and represses their expression, including glucose transporters SLC2A12 (GLUT12) and SLC2A1 (GLUT1). Furthermore, p53-mediated repression of transcription factors c-Myc and HIF1α, key drivers of ATP-generating pathways in tumors, contributed to ATP production block. Inhibition of c-Myc by p53 mediated the ablation of several glycolytic genes in normoxia, whereas in hypoxia down-regulation of HIF1α contributed to this effect. We identified Sp1 as a transcription cofactor cooperating with p53 in the ablation of metabolic genes. Using different approaches, we demonstrated that glycolysis block contributes to the robust induction of apoptosis by p53 in cancer cells. Taken together, our data suggest that tumor-specific reinstatement of p53 function targets the "Achilles heel" of cancer cells (i.e. their dependence on glycolysis), which could contribute to the tumor-selective killing of cancer cells by pharmacologically activated p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden; Department of Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Vera V Grinkevich
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sabine Hünten
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Fedor Nikulenkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | | | - Hai Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kel
- geneXplain GmbH, Am Exer 10b, D-38302 Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Galina Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 16, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden.
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103
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Yu WS, Jeong SJ, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song HS, Kim MS, Ko E, Lee HJ, Khil JH, Jang HJ, Kim YC, Bae H, Chen CY, Kim SH. The genome-wide expression profile of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: molecular target on cancer metabolism. Mol Cells 2011; 32:123-32. [PMID: 21614488 PMCID: PMC3887664 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-2254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a polyphenolic compound isolated from Rhus chinensis Mill. PGG has been known to have anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. The present study revealed another underlying molecular target of PGG in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by using Illumina Human Ref-8 expression BeadChip assay. Through the Beadstudio v3 micro assay program to compare the identified genes expressed in PGG-treated MDA-MB-231 cells with untreated control, we found several unique genes that are closely associated with pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tyrosine metabolism, including PC, ACSS2, ACACA, ACYP2, ALDH3B1, FBP1, PRMT2 and COMT. Consistent with microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed the significant down-regulation of these genes at mRNA level in PGG-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest the potential of PGG as anticancer agent for breast cancer cells by targeting cancer metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Yu
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo Sook Song
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- College of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Eunjung Ko
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chang Yan Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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104
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Venkatachalam G, Kumar AP, Sakharkar KR, Thangavel S, Clement MV, Sakharkar MK. PPARγ disease gene network and identification of therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2011; 19:781-96. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.568062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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105
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Smith CD, Chattopadhyay D, Pal B. Crystal structure of Plasmodium falciparum phosphoglycerate kinase: evidence for anion binding in the basic patch. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:203-6. [PMID: 21798238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3-Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and catalyzes an important phosphorylation step leading to the production of ATP. The crystal structure of Plasmodium falciparum phosphoglycerate kinase (PfPGK) in the open conformation is presented in two different groups, namely I222 and P6(1)22. The structure in I222 space group is solved using MAD and refined at 3Å whereas that in P6(1)22A is solved using MR and refined at 2.7Å. I222 form has three monomers in asymmetric unit whereas P6(1)22 form has two monomers in the asymmetric unit. In both crystal forms a sulphate ion is located at the active site where ATP binds, but no Mg(2+) ion is observed. For the first time another sulphate ion is found at the basic patch where the 3-phosphate of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate normally binds. This was found in both chains of P6(1)22 form but only in chain A of I222 form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Smith
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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106
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Kultima K, Sköld K, Borén M. Biomarkers of disease and post-mortem changes - Heat stabilization, a necessary tool for measurement of protein regulation. J Proteomics 2011; 75:145-59. [PMID: 21708298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on post sampling changes and how the Stabilizor system has been used to control this natural biological process and potential implications on cancer-specific biomarkers due to post sampling changes. Tissue sampling is a major traumatic event that can have drastic effects within a very short timeframe at the molecular level [1] resulting in loss of sample quality due to post-mortem changes. A heat-stabilization technology, using the Stabilizor system, has been developed to quickly and permanently abolish the enzymatic activity that causes these changes post-sampling and so preserve sample quality. The Stabilizor system has been shown to give better sample quality when analyzing a variety of tissues in various proteomic workflows. In this paper we discuss the impact of using heat-stabilized tissue in different proteomic applications. Based on our observations regarding the overlap between commonly changing proteins and proteins found to change post-mortem we also highlight a group of proteins of particular interest in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kultima
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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107
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Abstract
Complex carbohydrates, which are major components of the cell membrane, perform important functions in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as in signal transduction. They comprise three kinds of biomolecules: glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycosphingolipids. Recent studies have also shown that glycan changes in malignant cells take a variety of forms and mediate key pathophysiological events during the various stages of tumour progression. Glycosylation changes are universal hallmarks of malignant transformation and tumour progression in human cancer, which take place on the whole cells or some specific molecules. Accordingly, those changes make them prominent candidates for cancer biomarkers in the meantime. This review mainly focuses on the correlation between glycosylation and the metastasis potential of tumour cells from comprehensive aspects to further address the vital roles of glycans in oncogenesising. Moreover, utilizing these glycosylation changes to ward off tumour metastasis by means of anti-adhesion approach or devising anti-cancer vaccine is one of promising targets of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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108
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Liu Z, Ding Y, Ledoux SP, Wilson GL, Voellmy R, Lin Y, Lin W, Nahta R, Liu B, Fodstad O, Chen J, Wu Y, Price JE, Tan M. Overcoming trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer by targeting dysregulated glucose metabolism. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4585-97. [PMID: 21498634 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab shows remarkable efficacy in treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancers when used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics. However, acquired resistance develops in most treated patients, necessitating alternate treatment strategies. Increased aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer and inhibition of glycolysis may offer a promising strategy to preferentially kill cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of trastuzumab in combination with glycolysis inhibitors in ErbB2-positive breast cancer. We found that trastuzumab inhibits glycolysis via downregulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) in ErbB2-positive cancer cells, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Moreover, increased glycolysis via HSF1 and LDH-A contributes to trastuzumab resistance. Importantly, we found that combining trastuzumab with glycolysis inhibition synergistically inhibited trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant breast cancers in vitro and in vivo, due to more efficient inhibition of glycolysis. Taken together, our findings show how glycolysis inhibition can dramatically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab in ErbB2-positive breast cancers, potentially useful as a strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhao
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
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109
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Granchi C, Roy S, Giacomelli C, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Lanza M, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Lucacchini A, Funel N, León LG, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Palchaudhuri R, Calvaresi EC, Hergenrother PJ, Minutolo F. Discovery of N-hydroxyindole-based inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase isoform A (LDH-A) as starvation agents against cancer cells. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1599-612. [PMID: 21332213 DOI: 10.1021/jm101007q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly invasive tumor cells are characterized by a metabolic switch, known as the Warburg effect, from "normal" oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis even under sufficiently oxygenated conditions. This dependence on glycolysis also confers a growth advantage to cells present in hypoxic regions of the tumor. One of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis, the muscle isoform of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-A), is overexpressed by metastatic cancer cells and is linked to the vitality of tumors in hypoxia. This enzyme may be considered as a potential target for new anticancer agents, since its inhibition cuts cancer energetic and anabolic supply, thus reducing the metastatic and invasive potential of cancer cells. We have discovered new and efficient N-hydroxyindole-based inhibitors of LDH-A, which are isoform-selective (over LDH-B) and competitive with both the substrate (pyruvate) and the cofactor (NADH). The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was confirmed on a series of cancer cell lines, and they proved to be particularly effective under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, NMR experiments showed that these compounds are able to reduce the glucose-to-lactate conversion inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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110
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Lim HY, Ho QS, Low J, Choolani M, Wong KP. Respiratory competent mitochondria in human ovarian and peritoneal cancer. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:437-43. [PMID: 21211574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired respiration was proposed by Warburg to be responsible for aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. However, intact mitochondria isolated from human ovarian and peritoneal cancer tissues exhibit substantive oxidative phosphorylating activities in terms of membrane potential, ATP biosynthesis and oxygen consumption. The specific activities of succinate, malate and glutamate dehydrogenases are comparable to reported values for human skeletal muscle, heart and liver but the rate of ATP production is one order of magnitude lower compared to human skeletal muscle. It was concluded that the TCA cycle is functional in these ovarian cancer tissues which contain OXPHOS competent mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Ying Lim
- Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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111
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Riker AI, Fodstad O, Ledoux SP, Wilson GL, Tan M. Emerging metabolic targets in cancer therapy. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:1844-60. [PMID: 21196269 DOI: 10.2741/3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are different from normal cells in their metabolic properties. Normal cells mostly rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy. In contrast, cancer cells depend mostly on glycolysis, the aerobic breakdown of glucose into ATP. This altered energy dependency is known as the "Warburg effect" and is a hallmark of cancer cells. In recent years, investigating the metabolic changes within cancer cells has been a rapidly growing area. Emerging evidence shows that oncogenes that drive the cancer-promoting signals also drive the altered metabolism. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are unclear, the existing evidence suggests that increased glycolysis plays an important role in support malignant behavior of cancer cells. A thorough understanding of the unique metabolism of cancer cells will help to design of more effective drugs targeting metabolic pathways, which will greatly impact the capacity to effectively treat cancer patients. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the Warburg effect upon tumor cell growth and survival, and discussion on the potential metabolic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhao
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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112
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Functional phosphoproteomic analysis reveals cold-shock domain protein A to be a Bcr-Abl effector-regulating proliferation and transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e93. [PMID: 21368869 PMCID: PMC3032323 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One proposed strategy to suppress the proliferation of imatinib-resistant cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is to inhibit key proteins downstream of Bcr-Abl. The PI3K/Akt pathway is activated by Bcr-Abl and is specifically required for the growth of CML cells. To identify targets of this pathway, we undertook a proteomic screen and identified several proteins that differentially bind 14-3-3, dependent on Bcr-Abl kinase activity. An siRNA screen of candidates selected by bioinformatics analysis reveals cold-shock domain protein A (CSDA), shown previously to regulate cell cycle progression in epithelial cells, to be a positive regulator of proliferation in a CML cell line. We show that Akt can phosphorylate the serine 134 residue of CSDA but, downstream of Bcr-Abl activity, this modification is mediated through the activation of MEK/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) signaling. Inhibition of RSK, similarly to treatment with imatinib, blocked proliferation specifically in Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia cell lines, as well as cells from CML patients. Furthermore, these primary CML cells showed an increase in CSDA phosphorylation. Expression of a CSDA phospho-deficient mutant resulted in the decrease of Bcr-Abl-dependent transformation in Rat1 cells. Our results support a model whereby phosphorylation of CSDA downstream of Bcr-Abl enhances proliferation in CML cells to drive leukemogenesis.
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113
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Eby WM, Tabatabai MA, Bursac Z. Hyperbolastic modeling of tumor growth with a combined treatment of iodoacetate and dimethylsulphoxide. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:509. [PMID: 20863400 PMCID: PMC2955040 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of growth dynamics of tumors is important in understanding progression of cancer and designing appropriate treatment strategies. We perform a comparative study of the hyperbolastic growth models with the Weibull and Gompertz models, which are prevalently used in the field of tumor growth. METHODS The hyperbolastic growth models H1, H2, and H3 are applied to growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma under several different treatments. These are compared with results from Gompertz and Weibull models for the combined treatment. RESULTS The growth dynamics of the solid Ehrlich carcinoma with the combined treatment are studied using models H1, H2, and H3, and the models are highly accurate in representing the growth. The growth dynamics are also compared with the untreated tumor, the tumor treated with only iodoacetate, and the tumor treated with only dimethylsulfoxide, and the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS The hyperbolastic models prove to be effective in representing and analyzing the growth dynamics of the solid Ehrlich carcinoma. These models are more precise than Gompertz and Weibull and show less error for this data set. The precision of H3 allows for its use in a comparative analysis of tumor growth rates between the various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M Eby
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Cameron University, Lawton, OK 73505, USA.
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114
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Wartenberg M, Richter M, Datchev A, Günther S, Milosevic N, Bekhite MM, Figulla HR, Aran JM, Pétriz J, Sauer H. Glycolytic pyruvate regulates P-Glycoprotein expression in multicellular tumor spheroids via modulation of the intracellular redox state. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:434-46. [PMID: 19950199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) are membrane proteins responsible for the transport of toxic compounds out of non-malignant cells and tumor tissue. AIM To investigate the effect of glycolysis and the tissue redox state on P-gp expression in multicellular tumor spheroids derived from prostate adenocarcinoma cells (DU-145), glioma cells (Gli36), and the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 transfected with a P-gp-EGFP fusion gene that allows monitoring of P-gp expression in living cells. During cell culture of DU-145, Gli36, and KB-3-1 tumor spheroids P-gp expression was observed as well as increased lactate and decreased pyruvate levels and expression of glycolytic enzymes. Inhibition of glycolysis for 24 h by either iodoacetate (IA) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DDG) downregulated P-gp expression which was reversed upon coincubation with the radical scavenger ebselen as shown by semi-quantitative immunohistochemisty in DU-145 and Gli36 tumor spheroids, and by EGFP fluorescence in KB-3-1 tumor spheroids. Consequently endogenous ROS generation in DU-145 tumor spheroids was increased in the presence of either IA or 2-DDG, which was abolished upon coincubation with ebselen. Exogenous addition of pyruvate significantly reduced ROS generation, increased P-gp expression as well as efflux of the P-gp substrate doxorubicin. Doxorubicin transport was significantly blunted by 2-DDG and IA, indicating that inhibition of glycolysis reversed the multidrug resistance phenotype. In summary our data demonstrate that P-gp expression in tumor spheroids is closely related to the glycolytic metabolism of tumor cells and can be downregulated by glycolysis inhibitors via mechanisms that involve changes in the cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wartenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Division, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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115
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Cho SO, Lim JW, Jun JH, Kim KH, Kim H. Helicobacter pylori in a Korean isolate expressed proteins differentially in human gastric epithelial cells. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:1550-64. [PMID: 19672714 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proteins expressed in gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may determine the clinical outcome such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. The present study aims to determine the differentially expressed proteins in human gastric epithelial AGS cells that were infected with H. pylori in a Korean isolate, a cagA+, vacA s1b m2 iceA1 H. pylori by proteomic analysis. The differentially expressed proteins, whose expression levels were more or less than twofold in H. pylori-infected cells, were analyzed. RESULTS Ten proteins (chromatin assembly factor-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, 14-3-3 protein tau, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, heat-shock protein 90beta, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, prohibitin, triosephosphate isomerase, protein disulfide isomerase) were up-regulated while eight proteins (heat-shock gp96 precursor, nucleophosmin, ornithine aminotransferase, Ku70, L-arginine-glycine amidinotransferase, Smad anchor for receptor activation, ADP-ribosylation factor, WD repeat-containing protein isoform 1) were down-regulated by H. pylori infection in AGS cells. These proteins are related to cell proliferation, cell adhesion, carcinogenesis, cell-defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, membrane trafficking, and energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and membrane trafficking may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases including cancer associated with H. pylori in a Korean isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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116
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Scatena R, Bottoni P, Pontoglio A, Giardina B. Revisiting the Warburg effect in cancer cells with proteomics. The emergence of new approaches to diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 4:143-158. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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117
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Shanmugam M, McBrayer SK, Rosen ST. Targeting the Warburg effect in hematological malignancies: from PET to therapy. Curr Opin Oncol 2010; 21:531-6. [PMID: 19587591 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32832f57ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight key studies providing rationale for and utility in targeting glycolysis for the treatment of hematological malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Several therapeutic strategies are capitalizing on the diagnostic utility of 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography that relies on increased glycolysis and glucose utilization in tumor cells. Although aerobic glycolysis was initially proposed by Warburg to be due to mitochondrial impairment, recent studies have shown a preferential switch to glycolysis in tumor cells with functional mitochondria. Increased glucose consumption can be advantageous for a tumor cell through stimulation of cellular biosynthetic, energetic, and pro-survival pathways. We now have a greater appreciation for the utilization of glucose in specific metabolic pathways that in some aspects can be complemented with other nutrients such as glutamine. Targeting glucose consumption for the treatment of hematological malignancies seems to be a promising field that will require characterization of tumor cell specific targets to inhibit glucose uptake and/or glycolysis. It is imperative to further our understanding of the tumor cell metabolome to target cellular bioenergetics in the treatment of cancer. SUMMARY Targeting the glycolytic pathway for the treatment of hematological malignancies has sufficient rationale given the utility of fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in diagnostic imaging. Further research is required in developing tumor cell specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Shanmugam
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
In this review we summarize the evidence for a role for hypoxic response in the biology of metastasis, with a particular emphasis on the metastasis of breast cancer and the function of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Rundqvist
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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119
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Colell A, Green DR, Ricci JE. Novel roles for GAPDH in cell death and carcinogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1573-81. [PMID: 19779498 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence points to the fact that glucose metabolism has a central role in carcinogenesis. Among the enzymes controlling this energy production pathway, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is of particular interest. Initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, this enzyme is actually tightly regulated and is involved in numerous cellular functions. Particularly intriguing are recent reports describing GAPDH as a regulator of cell death. However, its role in cell death is unclear; whereas some studies point toward a proapoptotic function, others describe a protective role and suggest its participation in tumor progression. In this study, we highlight recent findings and discuss potential mechanisms through which cells regulate GAPDH to fulfill its diverse functions to influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Esther Koplowitz, and CIBEREHD, IDIBAPS, 08036-Barcelona, Spain.
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120
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Tu SH, Chang CC, Chen CS, Tam KW, Wang YJ, Lee CH, Lin HW, Cheng TC, Huang CS, Chu JS, Shih NY, Chen LC, Leu SJ, Ho YS, Wu CH. Increased expression of enolase alpha in human breast cancer confers tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 121:539-53. [PMID: 19655245 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enolase-alpha (ENO-1) is a key glycolytic enzyme that has been used as a diagnostic marker to identify human lung cancers. To investigate the role of ENO-1 in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy, the mRNA levels of ENO-1 in 244 tumor and normal paired tissue samples and 20 laser capture-microdissected cell clusters were examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Increased ENO-1 mRNA expression was preferentially detected in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors (tumor/normal ratio >90-fold) when compared to ER-negative (tumor/normal ratio >20-fold) tumor tissues. The data presented here demonstrate that those patients whose tumors highly expressed ENO-1 had a poor prognosis with greater tumor size (>2 cm, *P = .017), poor nodal status (N > 3, *P = .018), and a shorter disease-free interval (<==1 year, *P < .009). We also found that higher-expressing ENO-1 tumors confer longer distance relapse (tumor/normal ratio = 82.8-92.4-fold) when compared to locoregional relapse (tumor/normal ratio = 43.4-fold) in postsurgical 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT)-treated ER+ patients (*P = .014). These data imply that changes in tumor ENO-1 levels are related to clinical 4-OHT therapeutic outcome. In vitro studies demonstrated that decreasing ENO-1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly augmented 4-OHT (100 nM)-induced cytotoxicity in tamoxifen-resistant (Tam-R) breast cancer cells. These results suggest that downregulation of ENO-1 could be utilized as a novel pharmacological approach for overcoming 4-OHT resistance in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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121
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA
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122
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Mitochondria as targets for cancer chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:57-66. [PMID: 19101636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of tumors dictates an individual approach to anticancer treatment. Despite their variability, almost all cancer cells demonstrate enhanced uptake and utilization of glucose, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, whereas mitochondrial activity in tumor cells is suppressed. Considering the key role of mitochondria in cell death, it appears that resistance of most tumors towards treatment can be, at least in part, explained by mitochondrial silencing in cancer cells. This review is devoted to the role of mitochondria in cell death, and describes how targeting of mitochondria can make tumor cells more susceptible to anticancer treatment.
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