101
|
Zdraljevic S, Fox BW, Strand C, Panda O, Tenjo FJ, Brady SC, Crombie TA, Doench JG, Schroeder FC, Andersen EC. Natural variation in C. elegans arsenic toxicity is explained by differences in branched chain amino acid metabolism. eLife 2019; 8:40260. [PMID: 30958264 PMCID: PMC6453569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that variation in the dbt-1 gene underlies natural differences in Caenorhabditis elegans responses to the toxin arsenic. This gene encodes the E2 subunit of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a core component of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We causally linked a non-synonymous variant in the conserved lipoyl domain of DBT-1 to differential arsenic responses. Using targeted metabolomics and chemical supplementation, we demonstrate that differences in responses to arsenic are caused by variation in iso-branched chain fatty acids. Additionally, we show that levels of branched chain fatty acids in human cells are perturbed by arsenic treatment. This finding has broad implications for arsenic toxicity and for arsenic-focused chemotherapeutics across human populations. Our study implicates the BCKDH complex and BCAA metabolism in arsenic responses, demonstrating the power of C. elegans natural genetic diversity to identify novel mechanisms by which environmental toxins affect organismal physiology. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zdraljevic
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Bennett William Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | | | - Oishika Panda
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Francisco J Tenjo
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Shannon C Brady
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Tim A Crombie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ruiz M, Bodhicharla R, Svensk E, Devkota R, Busayavalasa K, Palmgren H, Ståhlman M, Boren J, Pilon M. Membrane fluidity is regulated by the C. elegans transmembrane protein FLD-1 and its human homologs TLCD1/2. eLife 2018; 7:e40686. [PMID: 30509349 PMCID: PMC6279351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids are the main building blocks for cell membranes in animals, and mechanisms must therefore exist that compensate for dietary variations. We isolated C. elegans mutants that improved tolerance to dietary saturated fat in a sensitized genetic background, including eight alleles of the novel gene fld-1 that encodes a homolog of the human TLCD1 and TLCD2 transmembrane proteins. FLD-1 is localized on plasma membranes and acts by limiting the levels of highly membrane-fluidizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids. Human TLCD1/2 also regulate membrane fluidity by limiting the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing membrane phospholipids. FLD-1 and TLCD1/2 do not regulate the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids but rather limit their incorporation into phospholipids. We conclude that inhibition of FLD-1 or TLCD1/2 prevents lipotoxicity by allowing increased levels of membrane phospholipids that contain fluidizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rakesh Bodhicharla
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Emma Svensk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kiran Busayavalasa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Palmgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Penkov S, Mitroulis I, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Immunometabolic Crosstalk: An Ancestral Principle of Trained Immunity? Trends Immunol 2018; 40:1-11. [PMID: 30503793 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Memory was traditionally considered an exclusive hallmark of adaptive immunity. This dogma was challenged by recent reports that myeloid cells can retain 'memory' of earlier challenges, enabling them to respond strongly to a secondary stimulus. This process, designated 'trained immunity', is initiated by modulation of precursors of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. The ancestral innate immune system of lower organisms (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans) can build long-lasting memory that modifies responses to secondary pathogen encounters. We posit that changes in cellular metabolism may be a common denominator of innate immune memory from lower animals to mammals. We discuss evidence from C. elegans and murine/human systems supporting the concept of an ancestral principle regulating innate immune memory by controlling cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sider Penkov
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Equal contribution.
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and of the Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and of the Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Equal contribution
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and of the Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and of the Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Galles C, Prez GM, Penkov S, Boland S, Porta EOJ, Altabe SG, Labadie GR, Schmidt U, Knölker HJ, Kurzchalia TV, de Mendoza D. Endocannabinoids in Caenorhabditis elegans are essential for the mobilization of cholesterol from internal reserves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6398. [PMID: 29686301 PMCID: PMC5913221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper cholesterol transport is crucial for the functionality of cells. In C. elegans, certain cholesterol derivatives called dafachronic acids (DAs) govern the entry into diapause. In their absence, worms form a developmentally arrested dauer larva. Thus, cholesterol transport to appropriate places for DA biosynthesis warrants the reproductive growth. Recently, we discovered a novel class of glycosphingolipids, PEGCs, required for cholesterol mobilization/transport from internal storage pools. Here, we identify other components involved in this process. We found that strains lacking polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) undergo increased dauer arrest when grown without cholesterol. This correlates with the depletion of the PUFA-derived endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and anandamide. Feeding of these endocannabinoids inhibits dauer formation caused by PUFAs deficiency or impaired cholesterol trafficking (e.g. in Niemann-Pick C1 or DAF-7/TGF-β mutants). Moreover, in parallel to PEGCs, endocannabinoids abolish the arrest induced by cholesterol depletion. These findings reveal an unsuspected function of endocannabinoids in cholesterol trafficking regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Galles
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gastón M Prez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sider Penkov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boland
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Exequiel O J Porta
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Altabe
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Teymuras V Kurzchalia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Diego de Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|