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Mairuhu ATA, Setiati TE, Koraka P, Hack CE, Leyte A, Faradz SMH, ten Cate H, Brandjes DPM, Osterhaus ADME, Reitsma PH, van Gorp ECM. Increased PAI-1 plasma levels and risk of death from dengue: no association with the 4G/5G promoter polymorphism. Thromb J 2005; 3:17. [PMID: 16274483 PMCID: PMC1308869 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-3-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus infected patients have high plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) plasma concentrations. Whether the insertion/deletion (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promotor region of the PAI-1 gene is associated with increased PAI-1 plasma concentrations and with death from dengue is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between the 4G/5G polymorphism and PAI-1 plasma concentrations in dengue patients and risk of death from dengue. Methods A total of 194 patients admitted to the Dr. Kariadi Hospital in Semarang, Indonesia, with clinical suspected severe dengue virus infection were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained on day of admission, days 1, 2 and 7 after admission and at a 1-month follow-up visit. Plasma concentrations of PAI-1 were measured using a sandwich ELISA kit. The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was typed by allele-specific PCR analysis. Results Concentrations of PAI-1 on admission and peak values of PAI-1 during admission were higher than the values measured in healthy controls. Survival was significantly worse in patients with PAI-1 concentrations in the highest tertile (at admission: OR 4.7 [95% CI 0.9–23.8], peak value during admission: OR 6.3 [95%CI 1.3–30.8]). No association was found between the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and PAI-1 plasma concentrations, dengue disease severity and mortality from dengue. Conclusion These data suggest that the 4G/5G polymorphism has no significant influence on PAI-1 concentrations in dengue virus infected patients and is not associated with the risk of death from dengue. Other factors contributing to the variability of PAI-1 plasma concentrations in patients with dengue need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- ATA Mairuhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - TE Setiati
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - P Koraka
- Institute of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - CE Hack
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, P.O. Box 9190, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Leyte
- Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SMH Faradz
- Molecular and Cytogenetics Unit, Biotechnology Laboratory, Medical Faculty Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - H ten Cate
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - DPM Brandjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - ADME Osterhaus
- Institute of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - PH Reitsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - ECM van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Paes MV, Pinhão AT, Barreto DF, Costa SM, Oliveira MP, Nogueira AC, Takiya CM, Farias-Filho JC, Schatzmayr HG, Alves AMB, Barth OM. Liver injury and viremia in mice infected with dengue-2 virus. Virology 2005; 338:236-46. [PMID: 15961136 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of BALB/c mice as an experimental model in the study of dengue disease. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneal infected with DENV-2 obtained from a human patient. Histopathological analysis of infected animals revealed liver injury with viral antigens detection. In initial stages, the most prominent lesions were vacuolization and diffuse steatosis in hepatocytes. Serum levels of ALT and AST increased progressively, reaching the highest values 7 days p.i. and decreasing at the 14th day. Since levels of circulating virus were very low, viremia was analyzed in C6/36 cells. Virus presence was detected by ultrastructural analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR assays. Period of viremia was analyzed by flow cytometry with cells incubated with mouse-infected sera collected in different days, revealing peak virus levels at the 7th day p.i. All such data correlate to the development of the disease described in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Paes
- Laboratório de Ultra-estrutura Viral, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
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