101
|
Xie H, Wang W, Xia B, Jin W, Lou G. Therapeutic applications of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110204. [PMID: 32422564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a high recurrence rate. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are one of the most active new therapies for treatment of ovarian cancer. These treatment modalities are based on the mechanisms of "synthetic lethal" and "PARP trapping", especially for patients with homologous recombination deficiencies, and they demonstrate a high survival advantage. However, resistance to PARPi is an emerging problem. Identifying potential biomarkers to monitor the resistance and developing drug combination strategies are effective ways to address PARPi resistance. This review introduces the mechanisms of anticancer activity of PARPi and the developmental history in clinical research. Moreover, this paper systematically analyzes the functions of PARP family proteins. Additionally, this work highlights the treatment prospects of the combination of immunotherapy and PARPi in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose several novel technologies to overcome the limitations of current preclinical studies and utilize them to select potential targets for combined drug therapy and identify biomarkers of PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Bairong Xia
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Wang Y, Zou S, Zhao Z, Liu P, Ke C, Xu S. New insights into small-cell lung cancer development and therapy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1564-1576. [PMID: 32281704 PMCID: PMC7496722 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancer cases; however, it is characterized by easy relapse and low survival rate, leading to one of the most intractable diseases in clinical practice. Despite decades of basic and clinical research, little progress has been made in the management of SCLC. The current standard first‐line regimens of SCLC still remain to be cisplatin or carboplatin combined with etoposide, and the adverse events of chemotherapy are by no means negligible. Besides, the immunotherapy on SCLC is still in an early stage and novel studies are urgently needed. In this review, we describe SCLC development and current therapy, aiming at providing useful advices on basic research and clinical strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyun Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuyun Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Po Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Stewart CA, Gay CM, Xi Y, Sivajothi S, Sivakamasundari V, Fujimoto J, Bolisetty M, Hartsfield PM, Balasubramaniyan V, Chalishazar MD, Moran C, Kalhor N, Stewart J, Tran H, Swisher SG, Roth JA, Zhang J, de Groot J, Glisson B, Oliver TG, Heymach JV, Wistuba I, Robson P, Wang J, Byers LA. Single-cell analyses reveal increased intratumoral heterogeneity after the onset of therapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:423-436. [PMID: 33521652 PMCID: PMC7842382 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes rapid evolution from chemosensitivity to chemoresistance, although mechanisms underlying this evolution remain obscure due to scarcity of post-relapse tissue samples. We generated circulating tumor cell (CTC)-derived xenografts (CDXs) from SCLC patients to study intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) via single-cell RNAseq of chemo-sensitive and -resistant CDXs and patient CTCs. We found globally increased ITH including heterogeneous expression of therapeutic targets and potential resistance pathways, such as EMT, between cellular subpopulations following treatment-resistance. Similarly, serial profiling of patient CTCs directly from blood confirmed increased ITH post-relapse. These data suggest that treatment-resistance in SCLC is characterized by coexisting subpopulations of cells with heterogeneous gene expression leading to multiple, concurrent resistance mechanisms. These findings emphasize the need for clinical efforts to focus on rational combination therapies for treatment-naïve SCLC tumors to maximize initial responses and counteract the emergence of ITH and diverse resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patrice M Hartsfield
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Milind D Chalishazar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bonnie Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Simpson KL, Stoney R, Frese KK, Simms N, Rowe W, Pearce SP, Humphrey S, Booth L, Morgan D, Dynowski M, Trapani F, Catozzi A, Revill M, Helps T, Galvin M, Girard L, Nonaka D, Carter L, Krebs MG, Cook N, Carter M, Priest L, Kerr A, Gazdar AF, Blackhall F, Dive C. A biobank of small cell lung cancer CDX models elucidates inter- and intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:437-451. [PMID: 35121965 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is treated as a homogeneous disease, biopsies and preclinical models reveal heterogeneity in transcriptomes and morphology. SCLC subtypes were recently defined by neuroendocrine transcription factor (NETF) expression. Circulating-tumor-cell-derived explant models (CDX) recapitulate donor patients' tumor morphology, diagnostic NE marker expression and chemotherapy responses. We describe a biobank of 38 CDX models, including six CDX pairs generated pretreatment and at disease progression revealing complex intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed three of four previously described subtypes based on ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3 expression and identified a previously unreported subtype based on another NETF, ATOH1. We document evolution during disease progression exemplified by altered MYC and NOTCH gene expression, increased 'variant' cell morphology, and metastasis without strong evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This CDX biobank provides a research resource to facilitate SCLC personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruth Stoney
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicole Simms
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Rowe
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon P Pearce
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Humphrey
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Booth
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Derrick Morgan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marek Dynowski
- Scientific Computing Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessia Catozzi
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mitchell Revill
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Helps
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Louise Carter
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew G Krebs
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Natalie Cook
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Carter
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Abstract
In this review, Slade provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. The author also highlights the clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discusses the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy. Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Yang D, Qu F, Cai H, Chuang CH, Lim JS, Jahchan N, Grüner BM, S Kuo C, Kong C, Oudin MJ, Winslow MM, Sage J. Axon-like protrusions promote small cell lung cancer migration and metastasis. eLife 2019; 8:50616. [PMID: 31833833 PMCID: PMC6940020 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients but remains a poorly understood process. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most lethal and most metastatic cancer types. SCLC cells normally express neuroendocrine and neuronal gene programs but accumulating evidence indicates that these cancer cells become relatively more neuronal and less neuroendocrine as they gain the ability to metastasize. Here we show that mouse and human SCLC cells in culture and in vivo can grow cellular protrusions that resemble axons. The formation of these protrusions is controlled by multiple neuronal factors implicated in axonogenesis, axon guidance, and neuroblast migration. Disruption of these axon-like protrusions impairs cell migration in culture and inhibits metastatic ability in vivo. The co-option of developmental neuronal programs is a novel molecular and cellular mechanism that contributes to the high metastatic ability of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Fangfei Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Hongchen Cai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Julien Sage
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Lohinai Z, Megyesfalvi Z, Suda K, Harko T, Ren S, Moldvay J, Laszlo V, Rivard C, Dome B, Hirsch FR. Comparative expression analysis in small cell lung carcinoma reveals neuroendocrine pattern change in primary tumor versus lymph node metastases. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:938-950. [PMID: 32010572 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.11.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent preclinical data suggest that neuroendocrine (NE) subtype of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has strong therapeutic relevance. NE high tumors are associated with immune desert and NE low tumors are considered to have an immune oasis phenotype. Our aim was to investigate the NE phenotypes of surgically resected SCLC tumors according to inter-tumor heterogeneity. Methods Expression analysis for 2,560 genes was performed in 32 surgically resected SCLC patients' primary tumors and corresponding lymph node (LN) metastases. To analyze tumor heterogeneity, we examined the differences in the gene expression of primary tumors versus LN metastases. We performed cluster analysis and heat map to divide patients into NE high and low subtypes by using the top NE-associated genes described in preclinical studies. Results We found 6% (n=154) genes with significant differences and only 13.1% (n=336) of all genes in the panel had a strong correlation between the primary tumor and LN metastases. Cluster analysis clearly distinguished SCLC NE high versus low subtypes both in primary tumor (20 vs. 12, respectively) and LNs (23 vs. 9, respectively). As for inter-tumor heterogeneity, in case of five patients, a change in the NE pattern was observed. Specifically, we found significant downregulation of the NE-associated genes CAV1 (P=0.004), CAV2 (P=0.029) and ANXA3 (P=0.035) in their LN metastases compared to their primary tumor. Conclusions Our data confirm the results of preclinical studies and clearly distinguish NE low and high differentiation clusters in SCLC. Moreover, they highlight the gene expression discordance between primary tumors and corresponding LN metastases suggesting that the NE pattern of metastatic LNs might not reflect that of the primary tumor. Altogether, by shedding light on the diversity of SCLC, the current study might help to improve patient selection and treatment in this devastating disease. Keywords Small cell lung cancer (SCLC); neuroendocrine tumor; lymph node metastasis; tumor heterogeneity; RNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Lohinai
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tunde Harko
- Department of Pathology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Center for Thoracic Oncology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ma X, Liang AL, Liu YJ. Research progress on the relationship between lung cancer drug-resistance and microRNAs. J Cancer 2019; 10:6865-6875. [PMID: 31839821 PMCID: PMC6909942 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a malignant tumor with the highest death rate of cancer, seriously endangers human health. And its pathogenesis and mechanism of drug resistance has been partially clarified, especially for the signal pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The targeting therapy of EGFR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has achieved a certain effect, but the two mutation of EGFR and other mechanisms of lung cancer resistance still greatly reduce the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy on it. MicroRNA is an endogenous non coding RNA, which has a regulatory function after transcriptional level. Recent studies on the mechanism of lung cancer resistance have found that a variety of microRNAs are related to the mechanism of lung cancer drug-resistance. They can regulate lung cancer resistance by participating in signal pathways, drug resistance genes and cell apoptosis, thus affecting the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs. Therefore, microRNAs can be used as a specific target for the treatment of lung cancer and plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of lung cancer. This article reviews the mechanisms of lung cancer resistance and its relationship with microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong & Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Integrated pan-cancer gene expression and drug sensitivity analysis reveals SLFN11 mRNA as a solid tumor biomarker predictive of sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224267. [PMID: 31682620 PMCID: PMC6827986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precision oncology seeks to integrate multiple layers of data from a patient’s cancer to effectively tailor therapy. Conventional chemotherapies are sometimes effective but accompanied by adverse events, warranting the identification of a biomarker of chemosensitivity. Objective Identify an mRNA biomarker that predicts chemosensitivity across solid tumor subtypes. Methods We performed a pan-solid tumor analysis integrating gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles from 3 cancer cell line datasets to identify transcripts correlated with sensitivity to a panel of chemotherapeutics. We then tested the ability of an mRNA biomarker to predictive clinical outcomes in cohorts of patients with breast, lung, or ovarian cancer. Results Expression levels of several mRNA transcripts were significantly correlated with sensitivity or resistance chemotherapeutics in cancer cell line datasets. The only mRNA transcript significantly correlated with sensitization to multiple classes of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics in all 3 cell line datasets was encoded by Schlafen Family Member 11 (SLFN11). Analyses of multiple breast, lung, and ovarian cancer patient cohorts treated with chemotherapy confirmed SLFN11 mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker of longer overall survival and improved tumor response. Conclusions Tumor SLFN11 mRNA expression is a biomarker of sensitivity to an array of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics across solid tumor subtypes.
Collapse
|
110
|
Peng Y, Wang L, Wu L, Zhang L, Nie G, Guo M. Methylation of SLFN11 promotes gastric cancer growth and increases gastric cancer cell resistance to cisplatin. J Cancer 2019; 10:6124-6134. [PMID: 31762822 PMCID: PMC6856579 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human SLFN11 gene encodes a protein with structural similarity to RNA helicases, which was reported to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. This study explored the epigenetic regulation and mechanism of SLFN11 in human gastric cancer. Methods: Eight human gastric cancer cell lines and 201 cases of primary gastric cancer were analyzed. Methylation specific PCR, flow cytometry, xenograft mouse model and siRNA technique were employed. Results: SLFN11 was methylated in 29.9% (60/201) of primary gastric cancer. The expression of SLFN11 was regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of SLFN11 was significantly associated with tumor size (p < 0.05). SLFN11 suppressed gastric cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo and enhanced the ability of cisplatin to induce S-phrase arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Conclusions: SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human gastric cancer, and its expression is regulated by promoter region methylation. Our results demonstrate that SLFN11 is a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer, and methylation of SLFN11 may serve as a cisplatin resistant marker in human gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, North Road No. 1, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Lum C, Alamgeer M. Technological and Therapeutic Advances in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1570. [PMID: 31619019 PMCID: PMC6826371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 10-15% of all lung cancers. The prognosis is poor with median survival in the advanced stage remaining at around 12 months. Despite applying every known therapeutic approach, no major breakthrough has improved the overall survival in the last 30 years. Historically, experiments performed on conventional cell lines may have limitations of not accurately reflecting the complex biological and genomic heterogeneity of this disease. However, additional knowledge gained from recently developed genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and patient derived xenografts (PDXs) have made encouraging inroads. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data reveals a high mutational burden and a number of genetic alterations but low frequency of targetable mutations. Despite several failures, considerable therapeutic opportunities have recently emerged. Potentially promising therapies include those targeting DNA damage repair, stem cell/renewal and drug resistant mechanisms. Modest success has also been achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors while therapeutic exploration of various other components of the immune system is underway. However, the complex heterogeneities reflect the need for accurate bio-markers to translate novel discoveries into clinical benefit. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate chemo-sensitive from chemo-refractory disease remain unknown. Obtaining reliable tumour samples by utilising novel techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration or adopting to liquid biopsies are becoming popular. This review will focus on recent technological and therapeutic advancements to surmount this recalcitrant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Pacheco JM, Byers LA. Temozolomide plus PARP Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Could Patient-Derived Xenografts Accelerate Discovery of Biomarker Candidates? Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1340-1342. [PMID: 31575562 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective options are limited for patients with small-cell lung cancer who develop progressive disease during or after etoposide plus platinum-based therapy. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Farago and colleagues highlight the data for temozolomide plus olaparib in this patient population and demonstrate the potential to accelerate biomarker discovery through co-clinical trials utilizing patient-derived xenografts.See related article by Farago et al., p. 1372.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Pacheco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Farago AF, Yeap BY, Stanzione M, Hung YP, Heist RS, Marcoux JP, Zhong J, Rangachari D, Barbie DA, Phat S, Myers DT, Morris R, Kem M, Dubash TD, Kennedy EA, Digumarthy SR, Sequist LV, Hata AN, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Lawrence MS, Shaw AT, Mino-Kenudson M, Dyson NJ, Drapkin BJ. Combination Olaparib and Temozolomide in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1372-1387. [PMID: 31416802 PMCID: PMC7319046 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy in which inhibitors of PARP have modest single-agent activity. We performed a phase I/II trial of combination olaparib tablets and temozolomide (OT) in patients with previously treated SCLC. We established a recommended phase II dose of olaparib 200 mg orally twice daily with temozolomide 75 mg/m2 daily, both on days 1 to 7 of a 21-day cycle, and expanded to a total of 50 patients. The confirmed overall response rate was 41.7% (20/48 evaluable); median progression-free survival was 4.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8-5.7]; and median overall survival was 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.1-11.3). Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from trial patients recapitulated clinical OT responses, enabling a 32-PDX coclinical trial. This revealed a correlation between low basal expression of inflammatory-response genes and cross-resistance to both OT and standard first-line chemotherapy (etoposide/platinum). These results demonstrate a promising new therapeutic strategy in SCLC and uncover a molecular signature of those tumors most likely to respond. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate substantial clinical activity of combination olaparib/temozolomide in relapsed SCLC, revealing a promising new therapeutic strategy for this highly recalcitrant malignancy. Through an integrated coclinical trial in PDXs, we then identify a molecular signature predictive of response to OT, and describe the common molecular features of cross-resistant SCLC.See related commentary by Pacheco and Byers, p. 1340.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yin P Hung
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Paul Marcoux
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepa Rangachari
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Phat
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Myers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Kem
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin J Drapkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Targeting DNA Replication Stress and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair for Optimizing SCLC Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091289. [PMID: 31480716 PMCID: PMC6770306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for about 15% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, is the most lethal form of lung cancer. Despite an initially high response rate of SCLC to standard treatment, almost all patients are invariably relapsed within one year. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Replication stress is a hallmark of SCLC due to several intrinsic factors. As a consequence, constitutive activation of the replication stress response (RSR) pathway and DNA damage repair system is involved in counteracting this genotoxic stress. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of such RSR and DNA damage repair pathways will be likely to kill SCLC cells preferentially and may be exploited in improving chemotherapeutic efficiency through interfering with DNA replication to exert their functions. Here, we summarize potentially valuable targets involved in the RSR and DNA damage repair pathways, rationales for targeting them in SCLC treatment and ongoing clinical trials, as well as possible predictive biomarkers for patient selection in the management of SCLC.
Collapse
|
115
|
Murai J, Thomas A, Miettinen M, Pommier Y. Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a restriction factor for replicative stress induced by DNA-targeting anti-cancer therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:94-102. [PMID: 31128155 PMCID: PMC6708787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) sensitizes cells to a broad range of anti-cancer drugs including platinum derivatives (cisplatin and carboplatin), inhibitors of topoisomerases (irinotecan, topotecan, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone and etoposide), DNA synthesis inhibitors (gemcitabine, cytarabine, hydroxyurea and nucleoside analogues), and poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib). In spite of their different primary mechanisms of action, all these drugs damage DNA during S-phase, activate the intra-S-phase checkpoint and induce replication fork slowing and stalling with single-stranded DNA segments coated with replication protein A. Such situation with abnormal replication forks is known as replication stress. SLFN11 irreversibly blocks replication in cells under replication stress, explaining why SLFN11-positive cells are markedly more efficiently killed by DNA-targeting drugs than SLFN11-negative cells. SLFN11 is inactivated in ~50% of cancer cell lines and in a large fraction of tumors, and is linked with the native immune, interferon and T-cells responses, implying the translational relevance of measuring SLFN11 expression as a predictive biomarker of response and resistance in patients. SLFN11 is also a plausible epigenetic target for reactivation by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC), DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and EZH2 histone methyltransferase and for combination of these epigenetic inhibitors with DNA-targeting drugs in cells lacking SLFN11 expression. In addition, resistance due to lack of SLFN11 expression in tumors is a potential indication for cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors in combination with DNA-targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Mak DW, Li S, Minchom A. Challenging the recalcitrant disease—developing molecularly driven treatments for small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2019; 119:132-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
117
|
Sen T, Della Corte CM, Milutinovic S, Cardnell RJ, Diao L, Ramkumar K, Gay CM, Stewart CA, Fan Y, Shen L, Hansen RJ, Strouse B, Hedrick MP, Hassig CA, Heymach JV, Wang J, Byers LA. Combination Treatment of the Oral CHK1 Inhibitor, SRA737, and Low-Dose Gemcitabine Enhances the Effect of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Blockade by Modulating the Immune Microenvironment in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:2152-2163. [PMID: 31470128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the enthusiasm surrounding cancer immunotherapy, most SCLC patients show very modest response to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy treatment. Therefore, there is growing interest in combining immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy and other treatments to enhance immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. Based on favorable clinical trial results, chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations have been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for frontline treatment for SCLC. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that combined treatment of SRA737, an oral CHK1 inhibitor, and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) leads to an antitumor response in multiple cancer models, including SCLC. We further show that combining low, non-cytotoxic doses of gemcitabine with SRA737 + anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 significantly increased antitumorigenic CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophage populations in an SCLC model. This regimen also led to a significant decrease in immunosuppressive M2 macrophage and myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations, as well as an increase in the expression of the type I interferon beta 1 gene, IFNβ, and chemokines, CCL5 and CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS Given that anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 drugs have recently been approved as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of SCLC, and that the SRA737 + low dose gemcitabine regimen is currently in clinical trials for SCLC and other malignancies, our preclinical data provide a strong rational for combining this regimen with inhibitors of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carminia M Della Corte
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kavya Ramkumar
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - C Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Youhong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan J Hansen
- Sierra Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bryan Strouse
- Sierra Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Gay CM, Byers LA. PARP Inhibition Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockade in SCLC: Oasis in an Immune Desert or Mirage? J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1323-1326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
119
|
Pilié PG, Gay CM, Byers LA, O'Connor MJ, Yap TA. PARP Inhibitors: Extending Benefit Beyond BRCA-Mutant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3759-3771. [PMID: 30760478 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A mounting body of evidence now indicates that PARP inhibitors have the potential to be used as a foundation for both monotherapy and combination strategies across a wide spectrum of molecular backgrounds and tumor types. Although PARP inhibitors as a class display many similarities, critical differences in structure can translate into differences in tolerability and antitumor activity that have important implications for the clinic. Furthermore, while PARP inhibitors have demonstrated a clear role in treating tumors with underlying homologous recombination deficiencies, there is now biological and early clinical evidence to support their use in other molecular subsets of cancer, including tumors associated with high levels of replication stress such as small-cell lung cancer. In this article, we highlight the key similarities and differences between individual PARP inhibitors and their implications for the clinic. We discuss data that currently support clinical strategies for extending the benefit of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA-mutant cancers, toward broader populations of patients through the use of novel biomarkers of homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), as well as predictive biomarkers rooted in mechanisms of sensitivity outside of HRD. We also explore the potential application of PARP inhibitors in earlier treatment settings, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and even chemoprevention approaches. Finally, we focus on promising combination therapeutic strategies, such as those with other DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors such as ATR inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and non-DDR-targeted agents that induce "chemical BRCAness."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Luan J, Gao X, Hu F, Zhang Y, Gou X. SLFN11 is a general target for enhancing the sensitivity of cancer to chemotherapy (DNA-damaging agents). J Drug Target 2019; 28:33-40. [PMID: 31092045 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1616746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In patients with cancer, drug tolerance often occurs during the use of chemotherapy drugs, seriously affecting patient prognosis and survival. Therefore, scientists began to study the factors that affect chemotherapy drug sensitivity, and the high correlation between Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) and sensitivity to chemical drugs (mainly DNA-damaging agents, DDAs) has received increasing attention since it was discovered through bioinformatics analyses. Regarding the mechanism, SLFN11 may sensitise cells to chemotherapy drugs by preventing DNA damage repair. In recent years, SLFN11 has gradually become a hot research topic, and the results are enriching our understanding of this molecule. Indeed, the biological functions of SLFN11 under normal physiological conditions and in cancer, changes in its expression levels and mechanisms promoting apoptosis within the context of chemotherapeutic interventions have gradually been uncovered. Studies to date provide knowledge and the experimental and theoretical bases underlying SLFN11 and its effects on sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This review summarises the existing research on SLFN11 with the aim of achieving a more comprehensive understanding and furthering the development of strategies to target SLFN11 in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Schlafen-11 expression is associated with immune signatures and basal-like phenotype in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:335-343. [PMID: 31222709 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disorder, with variable response to systemic chemotherapy. Likewise, BC shows highly complex immune activation patterns, only in part reflecting classical histopathological subtyping. Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) is a nuclear protein we independently described as causal factor of sensitivity to DNA damaging agents (DDA) in cancer cell line models. SLFN11 has been reported as a predictive biomarker for DDA and PARP inhibitors in human neoplasms. SLFN11 has been implicated in several immune processes such as thymocyte maturation and antiviral response through the activation of interferon signaling pathway, suggesting its potential relevance as a link between immunity and cancer. In the present work, we investigated the transcriptional landscape of SLFN11, its potential prognostic value, and the clinico-pathological associations with its variability in BC. METHODS We assessed SLFN11 determinants in a gene expression meta-set of 5061 breast cancer patients annotated with clinical data and multigene signatures. RESULTS We found that 537 transcripts are highly correlated with SLFN11, identifying "immune response", "lymphocyte activation", and "T cell activation" as top Gene Ontology processes. We established a strong association of SLFN11 with stromal signatures of basal-like phenotype and response to chemotherapy in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) BC. We identified a distinct subgroup of patients, characterized by high SLFN11 levels, ER- status, basal-like phenotype, immune activation, and younger age. Finally, we observed an independent positive predictive role for SLFN11 in BC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are suggestive of a relevant role for SLFN11 in BC and its immune and molecular variability.
Collapse
|
122
|
Laird J, Lok BH, Carney B, Kossatz S, de Stanchina E, Reiner T, Poirier JT, Rudin CM. Positron-Emission Tomographic Imaging of a Fluorine 18-Radiolabeled Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Inhibitor Monitors the Therapeutic Efficacy of Talazoparib in SCLC Patient-Derived Xenografts. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1743-1752. [PMID: 31195178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibitors of poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) are promising therapeutics for SCLC. We tested whether PARP inhibitor (PARPi) target engagement as measured by a fluorine 18-radiolabeled PARPi ([18F]PARPi) has the potential to predict drug efficacy in vivo. METHODS Tumor growth inhibition during daily talazoparib treatment was evaluated in mice engrafted with SCLC patient-derived xenografts to evaluate talazoparib efficacy at multiple doses. Mice were intravenously injected with [18F]PARPi radiotracer at multiple timepoints after single doses of oral talazoparib to quantitatively assess the extent to which talazoparib could reduce tumor radiotracer uptake and positron-emission tomographic (PET)/computer tomographic activity. Tumors were harvested and tumor poly-(ADP) ribose level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A dose range of talazoparib with differential therapeutic efficacy was established, with significant delay in time to reach 1000 mm3 for tumors treated with 0.3 mg/kg (p = 0.02) but not 0.1 mg/kg talazoparib. On PET/computed tomography with [18F]PARPi, reduction in [18F]PARPi uptake after talazoparib dosing was consistent with talazoparib clearance, with reduction in PET activity attenuating over 24 hours. Talazoparib target engagement, measured by maximum tumor PET uptake, increased in a dose-dependent manner (3.9% versus 2.1% injected dose/g for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg at 3 hours post-talazoparib, p = 0.003) and correlated with PARP enzymatic activity among individual tumors as measured by total tumor poly-(ADP) ribose (p = 0.04, R = 0.62 at 1 hour post-talazoparib). CONCLUSIONS PET imaging using [18F]PARPi has the potential to be a powerful tool in treatment monitoring by assessing PARPi target engagement in real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Laird
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John T Poirier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Böttger F, Semenova EA, Song JY, Ferone G, van der Vliet J, Cozijnsen M, Bhaskaran R, Bombardelli L, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Berns A. Tumor Heterogeneity Underlies Differential Cisplatin Sensitivity in Mouse Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3345-3358.e4. [PMID: 31189116 PMCID: PMC6581744 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer is the most aggressive type of lung cancer, characterized by a remarkable response to chemotherapy followed by development of resistance. Here, we describe SCLC subtypes in Mycl- and Nfib-driven GEMM that include CDH1-high peripheral primary tumor lesions and CDH1-negative, aggressive intrapulmonary metastases. Cisplatin treatment preferentially eliminates the latter, thus revealing a striking differential response. Using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we find a marked reduction in proliferation and metabolic rewiring following cisplatin treatment and present evidence for a distinctive metabolic and structural profile defining intrinsically resistant populations. This offers perspectives for effective combination therapies that might also hold promise for treating human SCLC, given the very similar response of both mouse and human SCLC to cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giustina Ferone
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Vliet
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Cozijnsen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajith Bhaskaran
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Bombardelli
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anton Berns
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Saleiro D, Platanias LC. Interferon signaling in cancer. Non-canonical pathways and control of intracellular immune checkpoints. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101299. [PMID: 31771762 PMCID: PMC8177745 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with important antineoplastic and immune modulatory effects. These cytokines have been conserved through evolution as important elements of the immune surveillance against cancer. Despite this, defining their precise and specific roles in the generation of antitumor responses remains challenging. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of previously unknown roles for IFNs in the control of the immune response against cancer that may redefine our understanding on how these cytokines function. Beyond the engagement of classical JAK-STAT signaling pathways that promote transcription and expression of gene products, the IFNs engage multiple other signaling cascades to generate products that mediate biological responses and outcomes. There is recent emerging evidence indicating that IFNs control the expression of both traditional immune checkpoints like the PD-L1/PD1 axis, but also less well understood "intracellular" immune checkpoints whose targeting may define new approaches for the treatment of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Van Den Borg R, Leonetti A, Tiseo M, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Novel targeted strategies to overcome resistance in small-cell lung cancer: focus on PARP inhibitors and rovalpituzumab tesirine. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:461-471. [PMID: 31148500 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1624530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour, and its outcome is strongly conditioned by the rapid onset of resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. First-line treatment with a combination of platinum agents and topoisomerase inhibitors has been the standard of care for over 30 years, with disappointing clinical outcome caused by early-acquired chemoresistance. In this disheartening scenario, novel treatment strategies are being implemented in order to either revert or bypass resistance mechanisms. Areas covered: The general mechanism of action of the standard frontline treatment regimens for SCLC, as well as the known resistance mechanisms to these drugs, is reviewed. Moreover, we focus on the current preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential role of PARP inhibitors and rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) to tackle chemoresistance in SCLC. Expert opinion: Preliminary evidence supports PARP inhibitors and Rova-T as two promising approaches to either revert or bypass chemoresistance in SCLC, respectively. The identification of potential predictive biomarkers of response to these innovative treatments (SLFN11 and DLL3) has shortened the gap between SCLC and personalized targeted therapy. Further large-scale clinical studies are urgently needed for a better designation of PARP inhibitors and Rova-T in the therapeutic algorithm of SCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Van Den Borg
- a Laboratory Medical Oncology , Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Leonetti
- a Laboratory Medical Oncology , Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.,b Medical Oncology Unit , University Hospital of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- b Medical Oncology Unit , University Hospital of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- a Laboratory Medical Oncology , Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.,d Cancer Pharmacology Lab , AIRC Start-Up Unit , Pisa , Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- a Laboratory Medical Oncology , Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Targeting the Interplay between Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition and the Immune System for Effective Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050714. [PMID: 31137625 PMCID: PMC6562947 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, both early diagnosis and targeted therapy have improved the survival rates of many cancer patients. Most recently, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment options for cancers such as melanoma. Unfortunately, a significant portion of cancers (including lung and breast cancers) do not respond to immunotherapy, and many of them develop resistance to chemotherapy. Molecular characterization of non-responsive cancers suggest that an embryonic program known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is mostly latent in adults, can be activated under selective pressures, rendering these cancers resistant to chemo- and immunotherapies. EMT can also drive tumor metastases, which in turn also suppress the cancer-fighting activity of cytotoxic T cells that traffic into the tumor, causing immunotherapy to fail. In this review, we compare and contrast immunotherapy treatment options of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss why, despite breakthrough progress in immunotherapy, attaining predictable outcomes in the clinic is mostly an unsolved problem for these tumors. Although these two cancer types appear different based upon their tissues of origin and molecular classification, gene expression indicate that they possess many similarities. Patient tumors exhibit activation of EMT, and resulting stem cell properties in both these cancer types associate with metastasis and resistance to existing cancer therapies. In addition, the EMT transition in both these cancers plays a crucial role in immunosuppression, which exacerbates treatment resistance. To improve cancer-related survival we need to understand and circumvent, the mechanisms through which these tumors become therapy resistant. In this review, we discuss new information and complementary perspectives to inform combination treatment strategies to expand and improve the anti-tumor responses of currently available clinical immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
|
127
|
Unexpected Synergy Reveals New Therapeutic Strategy in SCLC. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:295-297. [PMID: 30975441 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have each individually shown modest clinical activity in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Recently, Sen and colleagues (Cancer Discov. 2019;https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-18-1020) demonstrated that DDR inhibition can activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune pathway, providing strong rationale for combining DDR inhibition and ICB to treat SCLC.
Collapse
|
128
|
Ordonez LD, Hay T, McEwen R, Polanska UM, Hughes A, Delpuech O, Cadogan E, Powell S, Dry J, Tornillo G, Silcock L, Leo E, O’Connor MJ, Clarke AR, Smalley MJ. Rapid activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition drives PARP inhibitor resistance in Brca2-mutant mammary tumours. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2586-2606. [PMID: 31080552 PMCID: PMC6498996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours defective in the DNA homologous recombination repair pathway can be effectively treated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors; these have proven effective in clinical trials in patients with BRCA gene function-defective cancers. However, resistance observed in both pre-clinical and clinical studies is likely to impact on this treatment strategy. Over-expression of phosphoglycoprotein (P-gp) has been previously suggested as a mechanism of resistance to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in mouse models of Brca1/2-mutant breast cancer. Here, we report that in a Brca2 model treated with olaparib, P-gp upregulation is observed but is not sufficient to confer resistance. Furthermore, resistant/relapsed tumours do not show substantial changes in PK/PD of olaparib, do not downregulate PARP1 or re-establish double stranded DNA break repair by homologous recombination, all previously suggested as mechanisms of resistance. However, resistance is strongly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and treatment-naïve tumours given a single dose of olaparib upregulate EMT markers within one hour. Therefore, in this model, olaparib resistance is likely a product of an as-yet unidentified mechanism associated with rapid transition to the mesenchymal phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana D. Ordonez
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Trevor Hay
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert McEwen
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adina Hughes
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oona Delpuech
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steve Powell
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Dry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucy Silcock
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Alan R. Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Posthumous authorship
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Murai J, Pommier Y. PARP Trapping Beyond Homologous Recombination and Platinum Sensitivity in Cancers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have recently been approved for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers with BRCA mutations, as well as for maintenance therapies regardless of BRCA mutation for ovarian and primary peritoneal cancers that previously responded to platinum-based chemotherapy. The rationale of these indications is derived from the facts that cancer cells with BRCA mutations are defective in homologous recombination (HR), which confers synthetic lethality with PARPis, and that some of the sensitivity-determining factors for PARPis are shared with platinums. Although BRCA1 and BRCA2 are central for HR, more players within and beyond HR are emerging as response determinants to PARPis. Furthermore, there are similarities as well as differences in the DNA lesions and repair pathways induced by PARPis, platinums, and camptothecin topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitors. Here we review the sensitivity-determining factors for PARPis and the rationale for using PARPis as single agents and in combination therapy for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Gogola E, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J. Resistance to PARP Inhibitors: Lessons from Preclinical Models of BRCA-Associated Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:235-254. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently entered the clinic for the treatment of homologous recombination–deficient cancers. Despite the success of this approach, resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPis) is a clinical hurdle, and it is poorly understood how cancer cells escape the deadly effects of PARPis without restoring BRCA1/2 function. By synergizing the advantages of next-generation sequencing with functional genetic screens in tractable model systems, novel mechanisms providing useful insights into DNA damage response (DDR) have been identified. BRCA1/2 models not only are tools to explore therapy escape mechanisms but also yield basic knowledge about DDR pathways and PARPis’ mechanism of action. Moreover, alterations that render cells resistant to targeted therapies may cause new synthetic dependencies that can be exploited to combat resistant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Integrated Approaches for the Use of Large Datasets to Identify Rational Therapies for the Treatment of Lung Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020239. [PMID: 30791396 PMCID: PMC6406670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit and burden of contemporary techniques for the molecular characterization of samples is the vast amount of data generated. In the era of “big data”, it has become imperative that we develop multi-disciplinary teams combining scientists, clinicians, and data analysts. In this review, we discuss a number of approaches developed by our University of Texas MD Anderson Lung Cancer Multidisciplinary Program to process and utilize such large datasets with the goal of identifying rational therapeutic options for biomarker-driven patient subsets. Large integrated datasets such as the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for patient samples and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) for tumor derived cell lines include genomic, transcriptomic, methylation, miRNA, and proteomic profiling alongside clinical data. To best use these datasets to address urgent questions such as whether we can define molecular subtypes of disease with specific therapeutic vulnerabilities, to quantify states such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are associated with resistance to treatment, or to identify potential therapeutic agents in models of cancer that are resistant to standard treatments required the development of tools for systematic, unbiased high-throughput analysis. Together, such tools, used in a multi-disciplinary environment, can be leveraged to identify novel treatments for molecularly defined subsets of cancer patients, which can be easily and rapidly translated from benchtop to bedside.
Collapse
|
132
|
Pilié PG, Tang C, Mills GB, Yap TA. State-of-the-art strategies for targeting the DNA damage response in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:81-104. [PMID: 30356138 PMCID: PMC8327299 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key hallmark of cancer that arises owing to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) and/or increased replication stress. These alterations promote the clonal evolution of cancer cells via the accumulation of driver aberrations, including gene copy-number changes, rearrangements and mutations; however, these same defects also create vulnerabilities that are relatively specific to cancer cells, which could potentially be exploited to increase the therapeutic index of anticancer treatments and thereby improve patient outcomes. The discovery that BRCA-mutant cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase has ushered in a new era of research on biomarker-driven synthetic lethal treatment strategies for different cancers. The therapeutic landscape of antitumour agents targeting the DDR has rapidly expanded to include inhibitors of other key mediators of DNA repair and replication, such as ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2, DNA-PK and WEE1. Efforts to optimize these therapies are ongoing across a range of cancers, involving the development of predictive biomarker assays of responsiveness (beyond BRCA mutations), assessment of the mechanisms underlying intrinsic and acquired resistance, and evaluation of rational, tolerable combinations with standard-of-care treatments (such as chemotherapeutics and radiation), novel molecularly targeted agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, we discuss the current status of anticancer therapies targeting the DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Pietanza
- M. Catherine Pietanza, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, PhD, and Lauren A. Byers, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lixia Diao
- M. Catherine Pietanza, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, PhD, and Lauren A. Byers, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jing Wang
- M. Catherine Pietanza, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, PhD, and Lauren A. Byers, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren A Byers
- M. Catherine Pietanza, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, PhD, and Lauren A. Byers, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Murai J, Tang SW, Leo E, Baechler SA, Redon CE, Zhang H, Al Abo M, Rajapakse VN, Nakamura E, Jenkins LMM, Aladjem MI, Pommier Y. SLFN11 Blocks Stressed Replication Forks Independently of ATR. Mol Cell 2019; 69:371-384.e6. [PMID: 29395061 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SLFN11 sensitizes cancer cells to a broad range of DNA-targeted therapies. Here we show that, in response to replication stress induced by camptothecin, SLFN11 tightly binds chromatin at stressed replication foci via RPA1 together with the replication helicase subunit MCM3. Unlike ATR, SLFN11 neither interferes with the loading of CDC45 and PCNA nor inhibits the initiation of DNA replication but selectively blocks fork progression while inducing chromatin opening across replication initiation sites. The ATPase domain of SLFN11 is required for chromatin opening, replication block, and cell death but not for the tight binding of SLFN11 to chromatin. Replication stress by the CHK1 inhibitor Prexasertib also recruits SLFN11 to nascent replicating DNA together with CDC45 and PCNA. We conclude that SLFN11 is recruited to stressed replication forks carrying extended RPA filaments where it blocks replication by changing chromatin structure across replication sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simone A Baechler
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muthana Al Abo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vinodh N Rajapakse
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- DSK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Moody L, Mantha S, Chen H, Pan YX. Computational methods to identify bimodal gene expression and facilitate personalized treatment in cancer patients. J Biomed Inform 2019; 100S:100001. [PMID: 34384574 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjbinx.2018.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Standard methods for detecting cancer-associated genes rely on comparison of sample means between cancer patients and healthy controls. While such methods have successfully identified several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, they neglect to account for heterogeneity within the cancer population. Genetic mutations, translocations, and amplifications are often inconsistent across tumors, and instead they often affect smaller subsets of patients. This concept gives rise to the idea of bimodally expressed genes, or genes that display two modes of expression within one population. Analysis of bimodal gene expression has been explored via a variety of techniques including test statistics and clustering. In this review, we summarize the methodologies used to quantify bimodal gene expression and address the utility of these genes in patient stratification and specialized therapeutics in breast and lung cancer. Finally we discuss the limitations and future directions for bimodal genes in the era of high-throughput sequencing and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Suparna Mantha
- Carle Physician Group, Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Hendriks LEL, Menis J, Reck M. Prospects of targeted and immune therapies in SCLC. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:151-167. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1559057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizza E. L. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Institut d’Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Menis
- Medical Oncology, University of Padua and Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Owonikoko TK, Dahlberg SE, Sica GL, Wagner LI, Wade JL, Srkalovic G, Lash BW, Leach JW, Leal TB, Aggarwal C, Ramalingam SS. Randomized Phase II Trial of Cisplatin and Etoposide in Combination With Veliparib or Placebo for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 2511 Study. J Clin Oncol 2018; 37:222-229. [PMID: 30523756 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Veliparib, a poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitor, potentiated standard chemotherapy against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in preclinical studies. We evaluated the combination of veliparib with cisplatin and etoposide (CE; CE+V) doublet in untreated, extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ES-SCLC, stratified by sex and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, were randomly assigned to receive four 3-week cycles of CE (75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 and 100 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3) along with veliparib (100 mg orally twice per day on days 1 through 7) or placebo (CE+P). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Using an overall one-sided 0.10-level log-rank test, the study had 88% power to demonstrate a 37.5% reduction in the PFS hazard rate. RESULTS A total of 128 eligible patients received treatment on protocol. The median age was 66 years, 52% of patients were men, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 for 29% of patients and 1 for 71%. The respective median PFS for the CE+V arm versus the CE+P arm was 6.1 versus 5.5 months (unstratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [one-sided P = .06]; stratified HR, 0.63 [one-sided P = .01]), favoring CE+V. The median overall survival was 10.3 versus 8.9 months (stratified HR, 0.83; 80% CI, 0.64 to 1.07; one-sided P = .17) for the CE+V and CE+P arms, respectively. The overall response rate was 71.9% versus 65.6% (two-sided P = .57) for CE+V and CE+P, respectively. There was a significant treatment-by-strata interaction in PFS: Male patients with high lactate dehydrogenase levels derived significant benefit (PFS HR, 0.34; 80% CI, 0.22 to 0.51) but there was no evidence of benefit among patients in other strata (PFS HR, 0.81; 80% CI, 0.60 to 1.09). The following grade ≥ 3 hematology toxicities were more frequent in the CE+V arm than the CE+P arm: CD4 lymphopenia (8% v 0%; P = .06) and neutropenia (49% v 32%; P = .08), but treatment delivery was comparable. CONCLUSION The addition of veliparib to frontline chemotherapy showed signal of efficacy in patients with ES-SCLC and the study met its prespecified end point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph W Leach
- 7 Metro Minnesota National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Jia D, Augert A, Kim DW, Eastwood E, Wu N, Ibrahim AH, Kim KB, Dunn CT, Pillai SPS, Gazdar AF, Bolouri H, Park KS, MacPherson D. Crebbp Loss Drives Small Cell Lung Cancer and Increases Sensitivity to HDAC Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1422-1437. [PMID: 30181244 PMCID: PMC6294438 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CREBBP, encoding an acetyltransferase, is among the most frequently mutated genes in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a deadly neuroendocrine tumor type. We report acceleration of SCLC upon Crebbp inactivation in an autochthonous mouse model. Extending these observations beyond the lung, broad Crebbp deletion in mouse neuroendocrine cells cooperated with Rb1/Trp53 loss to promote neuroendocrine thyroid and pituitary carcinomas. Gene expression analyses showed that Crebbp loss results in reduced expression of tight junction and cell adhesion genes, including Cdh1, across neuroendocrine tumor types, whereas suppression of Cdh1 promoted transformation in SCLC. CDH1 and other adhesion genes exhibited reduced histone acetylation with Crebbp inactivation. Treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Pracinostat increased histone acetylation and restored CDH1 expression. In addition, a subset of Rb1/Trp53/Crebbp-deficient SCLC exhibited exceptional responses to Pracinostat in vivo Thus, CREBBP acts as a potent tumor suppressor in SCLC, and inactivation of CREBBP enhances responses to a targeted therapy.Significance: Our findings demonstrate that CREBBP loss in SCLC reduces histone acetylation and transcription of cellular adhesion genes, while driving tumorigenesis. These effects can be partially restored by HDAC inhibition, which exhibited enhanced effectiveness in Crebbp-deleted tumors. These data provide a rationale for selectively treating CREBBP-mutant SCLC with HDAC inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1422-37. ©2018 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Jia
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Arnaud Augert
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Emily Eastwood
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ali H Ibrahim
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Colin T Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Smitha P S Pillai
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology and Department of Pathology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Atrafi F, Groen HJ, Byers LA, Garralda E, Lolkema MP, Sangha RS, Viteri S, Chae YK, Camidge DR, Gabrail NY, Hu B, Tian T, Nuthalapati S, Hoening E, He L, Komarnitsky P, Calles A. A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Veliparib Combined with Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:496-505. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
140
|
Lallo A, Frese KK, Morrow CJ, Sloane R, Gulati S, Schenk MW, Trapani F, Simms N, Galvin M, Brown S, Hodgkinson CL, Priest L, Hughes A, Lai Z, Cadogan E, Khandelwal G, Simpson KL, Miller C, Blackhall F, O'Connor MJ, Dive C. The Combination of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and the WEE1 Inhibitor AZD1775 as a New Therapeutic Option for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5153-5164. [PMID: 29941481 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Introduced in 1987, platinum-based chemotherapy remains standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a most aggressive, recalcitrant tumor. Prominent barriers to progress are paucity of tumor tissue to identify drug targets and patient-relevant models to interrogate novel therapies. Following our development of circulating tumor cell patient-derived explants (CDX) as models that faithfully mirror patient disease, here we exploit CDX to examine new therapeutic options for SCLC.Experimental Design: We investigated the efficacy of the PARP inhibitor olaparib alone or in combination with the WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 in 10 phenotypically distinct SCLC CDX in vivo and/or ex vivo These CDX represent chemosensitive and chemorefractory disease including the first reported paired CDX generated longitudinally before treatment and upon disease progression.Results: There was a heterogeneous depth and duration of response to olaparib/AZD1775 that diminished when tested at disease progression. However, efficacy of this combination consistently exceeded that of cisplatin/etoposide, with cures in one CDX model. Genomic and protein analyses revealed defects in homologous recombination repair genes and oncogenes that induce replication stress (such as MYC family members), predisposed CDX to combined olaparib/AZD1775 sensitivity, although universal predictors of response were not noted.Conclusions: These preclinical data provide a strong rationale to trial this combination in the clinic informed by prevalent, readily accessed circulating tumor cell-based biomarkers. New therapies will be evaluated in SCLC patients after first-line chemotherapy, and our data suggest that the combination of olaparib/AZD1775 should be used as early as possible and before disease relapse. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5153-64. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lallo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Morrow
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sloane
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sakshi Gulati
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maximillian W Schenk
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Simms
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Brown
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra L Hodgkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Hughes
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongwu Lai
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Garima Khandelwal
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Miller
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Jolly MK, Somarelli JA, Sheth M, Biddle A, Tripathi SC, Armstrong AJ, Hanash SM, Bapat SA, Rangarajan A, Levine H. Hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes promote metastasis and therapy resistance across carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:161-184. [PMID: 30268772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are the major unsolved clinical challenges, and account for nearly all cancer-related deaths. Both metastasis and therapy resistance are fueled by epithelial plasticity, the reversible phenotypic transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). EMT and MET have been largely considered as binary processes, where cells detach from the primary tumor as individual units with many, if not all, traits of a mesenchymal cell (EMT) and then convert back to being epithelial (MET). However, recent studies have demonstrated that cells can metastasize in ways alternative to traditional EMT paradigm; for example, they can detach as clusters, and/or occupy one or more stable hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes that can be the end point of a transition. Such hybrid E/M cells can integrate various epithelial and mesenchymal traits and markers, facilitating collective cell migration. Furthermore, these hybrid E/M cells may possess higher tumor-initiation and metastatic potential as compared to cells on either end of the EMT spectrum. Here, we review in silico, in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence for the existence of one or more hybrid E/M phenotype(s) in multiple carcinomas, and discuss their implications in tumor-initiation, tumor relapse, therapy resistance, and metastasis. Together, these studies drive the emerging notion that cells in a hybrid E/M phenotype may occupy 'metastatic sweet spot' in multiple subtypes of carcinomas, and pathways linked to this (these) hybrid E/M state(s) may be relevant as prognostic biomarkers as well as a promising therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Maya Sheth
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Center for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Gay CM, Tong P, Cardnell RJ, Sen T, Su X, Ma J, Bara RO, Johnson FM, Wakefield C, Heymach JV, Wang J, Byers LA. Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM) Identifies Common Candidate Therapies across Platinum-Resistant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:346-357. [PMID: 30257981 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite a growing arsenal of approved drugs, therapeutic resistance remains a formidable and, often, insurmountable challenge in cancer treatment. The mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance remain largely unresolved and, thus, examples of effective combinatorial or sequential strategies to combat resistance are rare. Here, we present Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM), a novel, integrated drug screen analysis tool designed to address this dilemma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DISARM, a software package and web-based application, analyzes drug response data to prioritize candidate therapies for models with resistance to a reference drug and to assess whether response to a reference drug can be utilized to predict future response to other agents. Using cisplatin as our reference drug, we applied DISARM to models from nine cancers commonly treated with first-line platinum chemotherapy including recalcitrant malignancies such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). RESULTS In cisplatin-resistant models, DISARM identified novel candidates including multiple inhibitors of PI3K, MEK, and BCL-2, among other classes, across unrelated malignancies. Additionally, DISARM facilitated the selection of predictive biomarkers of response and identification of unique molecular subtypes, such as contrasting ASCL1-low/cMYC-high SCLC targetable by AURKA inhibitors and ASCL1-high/cMYC-low SCLC targetable by BCL-2 inhibitors. Utilizing these predictions, we assessed several of DISARM's top candidates, including inhibitors of AURKA, BCL-2, and HSP90, to confirm their activity in cisplatin-resistant SCLC models. CONCLUSIONS DISARM represents the first validated tool to analyze large-scale in vitro drug response data to statistically optimize candidate drug and biomarker selection aimed at overcoming candidate drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rasha O Bara
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Chris Wakefield
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Blackhall F, Frese KK, Simpson K, Kilgour E, Brady G, Dive C. Will liquid biopsies improve outcomes for patients with small-cell lung cancer? Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:e470-e481. [PMID: 30191851 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumour that seeds metastases early with dismal outcomes. As expected from a disease that is closely associated with smoking, mutation burden in SCLC is high. Intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity is a substantial obstacle to successful treatment and the SCLC genomic landscape reveals few targets that are readily druggable. Chemotherapy elicits responses in most patients with SCLC, but their effects are short lived. Multiple clinical trials have been unsuccessful in showing positive survival outcomes and biomarkers to select patients and monitor responses to novel targeted treatments have been lacking, not least because acquisition of tumour biopsies, especially during relapse after chemotherapy, is a substantial challenge. Liquid biopsies via blood sampling in SCLC, notably circulating tumour cells and circulating free tumour DNA can be readily and repeatedly accessed, and are beginning to yield promising data to inform SCLC biology and patient treatment. Primary cell cultures and preclinical mouse models can also be derived from the relatively plentiful SCLC circulating tumour cells providing a tractable platform for SCLC translational research and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Blackhall
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ged Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Laird JH, Lok BH, Ma J, Bell A, de Stanchina E, Poirier JT, Rudin CM. Talazoparib Is a Potent Radiosensitizer in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5143-5152. [PMID: 29945991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a critical need for novel therapies. Our goal was to determine whether PARP inhibition could sensitize SCLC cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and if so, to determine the contribution of PARP trapping to radiosensitization.Experimental Design: Short-term viability assays and clonogenic survival assays (CSA) were used to assess radiosensitization in 6 SCLC cell lines. Doses of veliparib and talazoparib with equivalent enzymatic inhibitory activity but differing PARP trapping activity were identified and compared in CSAs. Talazoparib, IR, and their combination were tested in three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.Results: Talazoparib radiosensitized 5 of 6 SCLC cell lines in short-term viability assays and confirmed in 3 of 3 cell lines by CSAs. Concentrations of 200 nmol/L talazoparib and 1,600 nmol/L veliparib similarly inhibited PAR polymerization; however, talazoparib exhibited greater PARP trapping activity that was associated with superior radiosensitization. This observation further correlated with an increased number of double-stranded DNA breaks induced by talazoparib as compared with veliparib. Finally, a dose of 0.2 mg/kg talazoparib in vivo caused tumor growth inhibition in combination with IR but not as a single agent in 3 SCLC PDX models.Conclusions: PARP inhibition effectively sensitizes SCLC cell lines and PDXs to IR, and PARP trapping activity enhances this effect. PARP inhibitors, especially those with high PARP trapping activity, may provide a powerful tool to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5143-52. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Laird
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrew Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John T Poirier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Pietanza MC, Waqar SN, Krug LM, Dowlati A, Hann CL, Chiappori A, Owonikoko TK, Woo KM, Cardnell RJ, Fujimoto J, Long L, Diao L, Wang J, Bensman Y, Hurtado B, de Groot P, Sulman EP, Wistuba II, Chen A, Fleisher M, Heymach JV, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Byers LA. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Study of Temozolomide in Combination With Either Veliparib or Placebo in Patients With Relapsed-Sensitive or Refractory Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2386-2394. [PMID: 29906251 PMCID: PMC6085179 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.77.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both temozolomide (TMZ) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are active in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This phase II, randomized, double-blind study evaluated whether addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib to TMZ improves 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). Patients and Methods A total of 104 patients with recurrent SCLC were randomly assigned 1:1 to oral veliparib or placebo 40 mg twice daily, days 1 to 7, and oral TMZ 150 to 200 mg/m2/day, days 1 to 5, of a 28-day cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Response was determined by imaging at weeks 4 and 8, and every 8 weeks thereafter. Improvement in PFS at 4 months was the primary end point. Secondary objectives included overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety and tolerability of veliparib with TMZ. Exploratory objectives included PARP-1 and SLFN11 immunohistochemical expression, MGMT promoter methylation, and circulating tumor cell quantification. Results No significant difference in 4-month PFS was noted between TMZ/veliparib (36%) and TMZ/placebo (27%; P = .19); median OS was also not improved significantly with TMZ/veliparib (8.2 months; 95% CI, 6.4 to 12.2 months; v 7.0 months; 95% CI, 5.3 to 9.5 months; P = .50). However, ORR was significantly higher in patients receiving TMZ/veliparib compared with TMZ/placebo (39% v 14%; P = .016). Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia more commonly occurred with TMZ/veliparib: 50% versus 9% and 31% versus 7%, respectively. Significantly prolonged PFS (5.7 v 3.6 months; P = .009) and OS (12.2 v 7.5 months; P = .014) were observed in patients with SLFN11-positive tumors treated with TMZ/veliparib. Conclusion Four-month PFS and median OS did not differ between the two arms, whereas a significant improvement in ORR was observed with TMZ/veliparib. SLFN11 expression was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients receiving TMZ/veliparib, suggesting a promising biomarker of PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Pietanza
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Saiama N Waqar
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lee M Krug
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christine L Hann
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alberto Chiappori
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kaitlin M Woo
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lihong Long
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lixia Diao
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jing Wang
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yevgeniva Bensman
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brenda Hurtado
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patricia de Groot
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Erik P Sulman
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alice Chen
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Martin Fleisher
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John V Heymach
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark G Kris
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Charles M Rudin
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- M. Catherine Pietanza, Lee M. Krug, Mark G. Kris, and Charles M. Rudin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Kaitlin M. Woo, Yevgeniva Bensman, Brenda Hurtado, and Martin Fleisher, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Saiama N. Waqar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; Afshin Dowlati, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; Christine L. Hann, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Alice Chen, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Alberto Chiappori, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Robert J. Cardnell, Junya Fujimoto, Lihong Long, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Patricia de Groot, Erik P. Sulman, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John V. Heymach, and Lauren Averett Byers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Ferrarotto R, Cardnell R, Su S, Diao L, Eterovic AK, Prieto V, Morrisson WH, Wang J, Kies MS, Glisson BS, Byers LA, Bell D. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 as a potential therapeutic target in Merkel cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1676-1684. [PMID: 29570891 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma are treated similarly to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) is overexpressed in SCLC and response to PARP inhibitors have been reported in patients with SCLC. Our study explores PARP as a therapeutic target in Merkel cell carcinoma. METHODS We evaluated PARP1 expression and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in 19 patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. Target exome-sequencing was performed in 14 samples. Sensitivity to olaparib was tested in 4 Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS Most Merkel cell carcinomas (74%) express PARP1 at high levels. Mutations in DNA-damage repair genes were identified in 9 samples (64%), occurred exclusively in head neck primaries, and correlated with TP53/RB1 mutations. The TP53/RB1 mutations were more frequent in MCPyV-negative tumors. Sensitivity to olaparib was seen in the Merkel cell carcinoma line with highest PARP1 expression. CONCLUSION Based on PARP1 overexpression, DNA-damage repair gene mutations, platinum sensitivity, and activity of olaparib in a Merkel cell carcinoma line, clinical trials with PARP inhibitors are warranted in Merkel cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shirley Su
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - A Karina Eterovic
- Department of System Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Victor Prieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William H Morrisson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Merrill S Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Cisplatin suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro by repressing the Wnt/β-catenin/Endothelin-1 axis via activating B cell translocation gene 1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29536130 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide with significantly high prevalence in Southern China. Chemoprevention of cancer with alkylating agent compounds could potentially reverse, suppress, or prevent cancer progression. Cisplatin (CIS) is an antineoplastic or cytotoxic platinum-based drug used for chemotherapy of different types of human cancers such as NPC. Nevertheless, the effects of CIS on the migration and invasion of human NPC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully scrutinized. METHODS In this work, we tested the effect of CIS on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. The results exhibited that this drug exerts remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and real time RT-PCR were used for expression analyses. RESULTS We found that CIS treatment led to a dose-dependent inhibition of Endothelin-1 (ET1) expression, at protein as well as mRNA levels in NPC cells. CIS was also found to activate the expression of BTG1 in NPC cells. Moreover, mechanistic analyses revealed that CIS increased the expression of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) to suppress the expression of ET1. Furthermore, we show that ET1 could not be induced in CIS-resistant cells with suppressed BTG1 expression, and subsequently demote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided compelling evidence of the role of CIS in suppressing NPC metastasis and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
148
|
Drapkin BJ, George J, Christensen CL, Mino-Kenudson M, Dries R, Sundaresan T, Phat S, Myers DT, Zhong J, Igo P, Hazar-Rethinam MH, Licausi JA, Gomez-Caraballo M, Kem M, Jani KN, Azimi R, Abedpour N, Menon R, Lakis S, Heist RS, Büttner R, Haas S, Sequist LV, Shaw AT, Wong KK, Hata AN, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Peifer M, Dyson N, Thomas RK, Farago AF. Genomic and Functional Fidelity of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:600-615. [PMID: 29483136 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient-derived xenografts (PDX) can be generated from biopsies or circulating tumor cells (CTC), though scarcity of tissue and low efficiency of tumor growth have previously limited these approaches. Applying an established clinical-translational pipeline for tissue collection and an automated microfluidic platform for CTC enrichment, we generated 17 biopsy-derived PDXs and 17 CTC-derived PDXs in a 2-year timeframe, at 89% and 38% efficiency, respectively. Whole-exome sequencing showed that somatic alterations are stably maintained between patient tumors and PDXs. Early-passage PDXs maintain the genomic and transcriptional profiles of the founder PDX. In vivo treatment with etoposide and platinum (EP) in 30 PDX models demonstrated greater sensitivity in PDXs from EP-naïve patients, and resistance to EP corresponded to increased expression of a MYC gene signature. Finally, serial CTC-derived PDXs generated from an individual patient at multiple time points accurately recapitulated the evolving drug sensitivities of that patient's disease. Collectively, this work highlights the translational potential of this strategy.Significance: Effective translational research utilizing SCLC PDX models requires both efficient generation of models from patients and fidelity of those models in representing patient tumor characteristics. We present approaches for efficient generation of PDXs from both biopsies and CTCs, and demonstrate that these models capture the mutational landscape and functional features of the donor tumors. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 600-15. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruben Dries
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilak Sundaresan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Phat
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Myers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Igo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joseph A Licausi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marina Kem
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roxana Azimi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nima Abedpour
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Haas
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicholas Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna F Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Sen T, Gay CM, Byers LA. Targeting DNA damage repair in small cell lung cancer and the biomarker landscape. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535912 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy that accounts for 14% of all lung cancer diagnoses. Despite decades of active research, treatment options for SCLC are limited and resistance to the few Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapies develops rapidly. With no approved targeted agents to date, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. SCLC is characterized by high mutation burden, ubiquitous loss of TP53 and RB1, mutually exclusive amplification of MYC family members, thereby, high genomic instability. Studies in the past few years have demonstrated the potential of targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy for SCLC. Inhibitors targeting DDR proteins have shown promise in preclinical models, and are under clinical investigation as single agents and in combination with cytotoxic therapies. Recent efforts to expand the therapeutic arsenal toward SCLC have focused in part on immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as agents targeting the receptor-ligand pair programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Clinical trials have confirmed activity of these agents in extensive stage (ES)-SCLC. However, while several patients had dramatic responses, overall response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remain poor. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop rational combination therapies to enhance response rates to immunotherapy in SCLC. Identification of predictive biomarkers for patient stratification, identifying effective combinations to overcome adaptive resistance to DDR-targeted therapies and identifying strategies to enhance response to immunotherapy are areas of active investigation in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic and Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic and Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic and Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Zhang W, Girard L, Zhang YA, Haruki T, Papari-Zareei M, Stastny V, Ghayee HK, Pacak K, Oliver TG, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. Small cell lung cancer tumors and preclinical models display heterogeneity of neuroendocrine phenotypes. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535911 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly, high grade neuroendocrine (NE) tumor without recognized morphologic heterogeneity. However, over 30 years ago we described a SCLC subtype with "variant" morphology which did not express some NE markers and exhibited more aggressive growth. Methods To quantitate NE properties of SCLCs, we developed a 50-gene expression-based NE score that could be applied to human SCLC tumors and cell lines, and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. We identified high and low NE subtypes of SCLC in all of our sample types, and characterized their properties. Results We found that 16% of human SCLC tumors and 10% of SCLC cell lines were of the low NE subtype, as well as cell lines from the GEM model. High NE SCLC lines grew as non-adherent floating aggregates or spheroids while Low NE lines had morphologic features of the variant subtype and grew as loosely attached cells. While the high NE subtype expressed one of the NE lineage master transcription factors ASCL1 or NEUROD1, together with NKX2-1, the entire range of NE markers, and lacked expression of the neuronal and NE repressor REST, the low NE subtype had lost expression of most NE markers, ASCL1, NEUROD1 and NKX2-1 and expressed REST. The low NE subtype had undergone epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had activated the Notch, Hippo and TGFβ pathways and MYC oncogene . Importantly, the high and low NE group of SCLC lines had similar gene expression profiles as their SCLC tumor counterparts. Conclusions SCLC tumors and cell lines can exhibit distinct inter-tumor heterogeneity with respect to expression of NE features. Loss of NE expression results in major alterations in morphology, growth characteristics, and molecular properties. These findings have major clinical implications as the two subtypes are predicted to have very different responses to targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Papari-Zareei
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- University of Florida Health and Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salk Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|