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Liu Y, Kim S, Kim YJ, Perumalsamy H, Lee S, Hwang E, Yi TH. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Euphrasia officinalisleaf extract to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2945-2959. [PMID: 31114201 PMCID: PMC6487898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s199781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential applications in the treatment and diagnosis process, which are attributed to their biocompatibility and high efficiency of drug delivery. In the current study, we utilized an extract of Euphrasia officinalis, a traditional folk medicine, to synthesize gold nanoparticles (EO-AuNPs), and investigated their anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Materials and methods The AuNPs were synthesized from an ethanol extract of E. officinalis leaves and characterized using several analytical techniques. Anti-inflammatory activities of EO-AuNPs were detected by a model of LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. The activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways was investigated by Western blot. Results The results confirmed the successful synthesis of AuNPs by E. officinalis. Transmission electron microscopy images showed obvious uptake of EO-AuNPs and internalization into intracellular membrane–bound compartments, resembling endosomes and lysosomes by RAW 264.7 cells. Cell viability assays showed that EO-AuNPs exhibited little cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells at 100 µg/mL concentration after 24 hours. EO-AuNPs significantly suppressed the LPS-induced release of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the expression of the iNOS gene and protein in RAW 264.7 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that pretreatment with EO-AuNPs significantly reduced the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, EO-AuNPs suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation by blocking the activation of JAK/STAT pathway. Conclusion The synthesized EO-AuNPs showed anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting they may be potential candidates for treating inflammatory-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, ;
| | - Senghyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea, ;
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, ; .,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea, ;
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea, ;
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Snow White Factory Co., Ltd., Gangnamgu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, ; .,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea, ;
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Khan F, Manivasagan P, Lee JW, Pham DTN, Oh J, Kim YM. Fucoidan-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Biofilm Inhibition, Attenuation of Virulence and Motility Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E208. [PMID: 30987163 PMCID: PMC6520775 DOI: 10.3390/md17040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to biofilm formation has transformed this opportunistic pathogen into a life-threatening one. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized as an effective anti-biofilm strategy to counter P. aeruginosa biofilms. In the present study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were biologically synthesized and stabilized using fucoidan, which is an active compound sourced from brown seaweed. Biosynthesized fucoidan-stabilized AuNPs (F-AuNPs) were subjected to characterization using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). The biosynthesized F-AuNPs were then evaluated for their inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa bacterial growth, biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and bacterial motility. Overall, the activities of F-AuNPs towards P. aeruginosa were varied depending on their concentration. At minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (512 µg/mL) and at concentrations above MIC, F-AuNPs exerted antibacterial activity. In contrast, the sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) levels of F-AuNPs inhibited biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth, and eradicated matured biofilm. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were identified as 128 µg/mL. Furthermore, sub-MICs of F-AuNPs also attenuated the production of several important virulence factors and impaired bacterial swarming, swimming, and twitching motilities. Findings from the present study provide important insights into the potential of F-AuNPs as an effective new drug for controlling P. aeruginosa-biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | | | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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103
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Chen J, Mao S, Xu Z, Ding W. Various antibacterial mechanisms of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles against soilborne Ralstonia solanacearum. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3788-3799. [PMID: 35518060 PMCID: PMC9060243 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial antimicrobial efficacy of nanoparticles against phytopathogens has been extensively investigated for advanced agricultural applications. However, few reports have focused on soilborne pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to obtain sustainably synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using papaya leaf extracts and investigate the bactericidal activity of these CuONPs against Ralstonia solanacearum, the cause of bacterial wilt, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results showed that CuONPs possessed strong antibacterial activity and that all R. solanacearum were killed after exposure to 250 μg mL-1 CuONPs. CuONPs could interact with bacterial cells to prevent biofilm formation, reduce swarming motility and disturb ATP production. Ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that after interactions with CuONPs, bacterial cells suffered significantly from nanomechanical damage to the cytomembrane, accompanied by the absorption of multiple nanoparticles. In addition, molecular studies identified the downregulation mechanism of a series of genes involving pathogenesis and motility. The control efficiency of CuONPs in tobacco bacterial wilt disease management under greenhouse conditions was verified by root irrigation application, demonstrating that as-prepared CuONPs significantly reduced the disease occurrence and disease index. Our studies focused on developing biosynthesized nanoparticles as a biocompatible alternative for soilborne disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Chen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China +86-23-6825-0953 +86-23-6825-0953
| | - Shuyu Mao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China +86-23-6825-0953 +86-23-6825-0953
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China +86-23-6825-0953 +86-23-6825-0953
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China +86-23-6825-0953 +86-23-6825-0953
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Singh P, Garg A, Pandit S, Mokkapati VRSS, Mijakovic I. Antimicrobial Effects of Biogenic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E1009. [PMID: 30563095 PMCID: PMC6315689 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose one of the greatest health challenges in the medical world. Though numerous antimicrobial drugs are commercially available, they often lack effectiveness against recently developed multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms. This results in high antibiotic dose administration and a need to develop new antibiotics, which in turn requires time, money, and labor investments. Recently, biogenic metallic nanoparticles have proven their effectiveness against MDR microorganisms, individually and in synergy with the current/conventional antibiotics. Importantly, biogenic nanoparticles are easy to produce, facile, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly in nature. In addition, biogenic nanoparticles are surrounded by capping layers, which provide them with biocompatibility and long-term stability. Moreover, these capping layers provide an active surface for interaction with biological components, facilitated by free active surface functional groups. These groups are available for modification, such as conjugation with antimicrobial drugs, genes, and peptides, in order to enhance their efficacy and delivery. This review summarizes the conventional antibiotic treatments and highlights the benefits of using nanoparticles in combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Abhroop Garg
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Chalmers, Sweden.
| | - V R S S Mokkapati
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Chalmers, Sweden.
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Chalmers, Sweden.
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Lu MM, Ge Y, Qiu J, Shao D, Zhang Y, Bai J, Zheng X, Chang ZM, Wang Z, Dong WF, Tang CB. Redox/pH dual-controlled release of chlorhexidine and silver ions from biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles against oral biofilms. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7697-7709. [PMID: 30538453 PMCID: PMC6251470 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral plaque biofilms pose a threat to periodontal health and are challenging to eradicate. There is a growing belief that a combination of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine (CHX) is a promising strategy against oral biofilms. PURPOSE To overcome the side effects of this strategy and to exert maximum efficiency, we fabricated biodegradable disulfide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to co-deliver silver nanoparticles and CHX for biofilm inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS CHX-loaded, silver-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ag-MSNs@CHX) were fabricated after CHX loading, and the pH- and glutathione-responsive release profiles of CHX and silver ions along with their mechanism of degradation were systematically investigated. Then, the efficacy of Ag-MSNs@CHX against Streptococcus mutans and its biofilm was comprehensively assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration, and the inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation. In addition, the biosafety of nanocarriers was evaluated by oral epithelial cells and a mouse model. RESULTS The obtained Ag-MSNs@CHX possessed redox/pH-responsive release properties of CHX and silver ions, which may be attributed to the redox-triggered matrix degradation mechanism of exposure to biofilm-mimetic microenvironments. Ag-MSNs@CHX displayed dose-dependent antibacterial activity against planktonic and clone formation of S. mutans. Importantly, Ag-MSNs@CHX had an increased and long-term ability to restrict the growth of S. mutans biofilms compared to free CHX. Moreover, Ag-MSNs@CHX showed less cytotoxicity to oral epithelial cells, whereas orally administered Ag-MSNs exhibited no obvious toxic effects in mice. CONCLUSION Our findings constitute a highly effective and safe strategy against biofilms that has a good potential as an oral biofilm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Lu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
| | - Yuran Ge
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
| | - Dan Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China,
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi-Min Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China,
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China,
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China,
| | - Chun-Bo Tang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China,
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