101
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Di Rienzo F, Joassy P, Kanthack T, MacIntyre TE, Debarnot U, Blache Y, Hautier C, Collet C, Guillot A. Effects of Action Observation and Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery on Maximal Isometric Strength. Neuroscience 2019; 418:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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102
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Cued Memory Reactivation during Motor Imagery Practice Influences Early Improvement of Procedural Skill Learning. Neuroscience 2019; 418:244-253. [PMID: 31491503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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103
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State-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Oscillatory Currents on the Motor System during Action Observation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12858. [PMID: 31492895 PMCID: PMC6731229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) at different frequencies during an index–thumb pinch-grip observation task. To estimate changes in the corticospinal output, we used the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1 using an online MRI-guided simultaneous TMS-tACS approach. The results of the beta-tACS confirm a non-selective increase in corticospinal excitability in subjects at rest; an increase was observed for both of the tested hand muscles, the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM). However, during action observation of the pinch-grip movement, the increase of corticospinal excitability was only observed for the prime mover FDI muscle and took place during alpha-tACS, while gamma-tACS affected both the FDI and control muscle (ADM) responses. These phenomena likely reflect the hypothesis that the mu and gamma rhythms specifically index the downstream modulation of primary sensorimotor areas by engaging mirror neuron activity. The current neuromodulation approach confirms that tACS can be used to induce neurophysiologically detectable state-dependent enhancement effects, even in complex motor-cognitive tasks.
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104
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Errante A, Bozzetti F, Sghedoni S, Bressi B, Costi S, Crisi G, Ferrari A, Fogassi L. Explicit Motor Imagery for Grasping Actions in Children With Spastic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:837. [PMID: 31447762 PMCID: PMC6692593 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Motor Imagery (MI) refers to mental simulation of a motor action without producing any overt movement. Previous studies showed that children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP) are impaired in implicit MI, as demonstrated by the performance of Hand Laterality Judgment tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of explicit MI deficits in UCP children. Methods: A group of UCP children (n = 10; aged 9-14) performed a mental chronometry task consisting in grasping an object and placing it into a container, or in imagining to perform the same action. As control, a group of typically developing (TD) children, matched by age, performed the same task. Movement durations for executed and imagined trials were recorded. A subgroup of 7 UCP children and 10 TD children also underwent a session of functional MRI to examine the activation of parieto-frontal areas typically associated to MI processes, during the imagination of reaching-grasping actions performed with the paretic hand. Results: Behavioral results revealed the existence of a correlation between executed and imagined movement durations both in TD and UCP groups. Moreover, the regression analysis in TD children showed that higher scores in mental chronometry tasks were positively correlated to increased bilateral activation of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortex. A similar analysis revealed in the UCP group a positive correlation between a higher score in the mental chronometry task and bilateral activations of IPS, and to activation of contralesional, right PMd, and putamen during imagination of grasping movements. Conclusions: These results provide new insights on the relationship between MI capacity and motor deficits in UCP children, suggesting the possibility of the use of explicit MI training to improve patient's upper limb motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Errante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Bozzetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Sghedoni
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Barbara Bressi
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Costi
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Girolamo Crisi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriano Ferrari
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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105
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Romano Smith S, Wood G, Coyles G, Roberts JW, Wakefield CJ. The effect of action observation and motor imagery combinations on upper limb kinematics and EMG during dart‐throwing. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1917-1929. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Wood
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Science Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - Ginny Coyles
- School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope University Liverpool UK
| | - James W. Roberts
- School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope University Liverpool UK
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106
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Scott MW, Emerson JR, Dixon J, Tayler MA, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation enhances automatic imitation in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 183:242-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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107
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Shimada K, Onishi T, Ogawa Y, Yamauchi J, Kawada S. Effects of motor imagery combined with action observation training on the lateral specificity of muscle strength in healthy subjects. Biomed Res 2019; 40:107-113. [PMID: 31231093 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral training of both lateral limbs increases unilateral muscle strength, whereas bilateral training increases bilateral muscle strength, a phenomenon known as lateral specificity in resistance training. Although motor imagery (MI) combined with action observation (AO) (i.e., MI + AO) training increases muscle strength, it is not completely understood whether such training increases the lateral specificity of muscle strength in a way resistance training does. To investigate whether MI + AO induces lateral specificity of muscle strength increase, 18 healthy subjects were divided into groups: MI + AO and the control groups. The control group watched a movie of natural sceneries for ten minutes per day five times a week for three weeks, whereas the MI + AO group imagined bilateral shoulder flexion while watching a movie of athletes performing bilateral shoulder flexion with barbells or dumbbells, with the same time schedule. The MI + AO group alone showed a significant increase in bilateral shoulder strength at three weeks after the intervention compared with the baseline. Unilateral shoulder strength was not significantly altered. These results suggest that MI + AO training increases muscle strength, providing evidence that similar to resistance training, lateral specificity also exists in MI + AO training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Shimada
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
| | - Tomo Onishi
- Teikyo University Institute of Sports Science & Medicine
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
| | - Junichiro Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University.,Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University
| | - Shigeo Kawada
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
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108
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Marshall B, Wright DJ, Holmes PS, Wood G. Combining Action Observation and Motor Imagery Improves Eye–Hand Coordination during Novel Visuomotor Task Performance. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:333-341. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1626337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David J. Wright
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul S. Holmes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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109
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Larsen DB, Graven-Nielsen T, Boudreau SA. Pain-Induced Reduction in Corticomotor Excitability Is Counteracted by Combined Action-Observation and Motor Imagery. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:1307-1316. [PMID: 31077798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain reduces corticomotor excitability (CE) and methods modulating such CE reduction remain elusive. This study aimed to modulate pain-induced CE reduction by performing action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) during experimental muscle pain. Twelve healthy participants participated in 3 cross-over and randomized sessions separated by 1 week. During the AOMI session subjects performed an AOMI task for 10 minutes. In the AOMI+PAIN session, hypertonic saline was injected in the first dorsal interosseous muscle before performing the AOMI task. In the PAIN session, participants remained at rest for 10 minutes or until pain-resolve after the hypertonic saline injection. CE was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation motor-evoked potentials (TMS-MEPs) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle at baseline, during, immediately after, and 10 minutes after AOMI and/or PAIN. Facilitated TMS-MEPs were found after 2 and 4 minutes of AOMI performance (P < .017) whereas a reduction in TMS-MEPs occurred at 4 minutes (P < .017) during the PAIN session. Performing the AOMI task during pain counteracted the reduction in CE, as evident by no change in TMS-MEPs during the AOMI+PAIN session (P > .017). Pain intensity was similar between the AOMI+PAIN and PAIN sessions (P = .71). This study, which may be considered a pilot, demonstrated the counteracting effects of AOMI on pain-induced decreases in CE and warrants further studies in a larger population. PERSPECTIVE: This is the first study to demonstrate a method counteracting the reduction in CE associated with acute pain and advances therapeutic possibilities for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Boye Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Aalborg University, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Aalborg University, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shellie Ann Boudreau
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Aalborg University, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark.
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110
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Vesia M, Pellicciari R, Cash RFH, Isayama R, Kunaratnam N, Jegatheeswaran G, Chen R. Learning from Goal and Action Based Observations Differentially Modulates Functional Motor Cortical Plasticity. Neuroscience 2019; 404:387-395. [PMID: 30797894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Action observation can facilitate motor skill learning and lead to a memory trace in motor representations of action. However, it remains unclear whether the action itself or the goal of the action drive changes in motor representations after learning by observation. We performed two experiments. In Experiment 1, using serial reaction time task and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we showed that observation of right-hand actions during skill learning only increased left motor cortical excitability, leading to behavioral gains in the same hand as the observed hand. In contrast, observing a sequence of visual cue positions devoid of hand action increases motor cortical excitability in both hemispheres and facilitates motor skill learning in the right hand (Experiment 1) and left hand for a mirror-symmetric sequence (Experiment 2). We propose that the encoding of observed movements maps onto motor representations of the same action to form a limb-specific motor memory, whereas the learning of spatial goals forms memory traces in the motor representations in both hemispheres to prepare for potential action in either hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Roberta Pellicciari
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reina Isayama
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nirsan Kunaratnam
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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111
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Bek J, Gowen E, Vogt S, Crawford TJ, Poliakoff E. Combined action observation and motor imagery influences hand movement amplitude in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 61:126-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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112
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Gongora M, Velasques B, Cagy M, Teixeira S, Ribeiro P. EEG coherence as a diagnostic tool to measure the initial stages of Parkinson Disease. Med Hypotheses 2019; 123:74-78. [PMID: 30696598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson Disease was described a long time ago by James Parkinson and several biomarkers were used to predict the symptoms of PD, there is no accepted tool to distinguish the initial stages of this pathology. The present hypothesis discusses the Coherence Function, an Electroencephalography measure which could be used as a simple, and low-cost tool to describe the onset of cardinal signals of PD. Our hypothesis is based on three factors: beta frequency related to movement, motor action over particular cortical regions, and cortical coupling between cortical areas involved in the execution of voluntary movement. We believe that these factors support our hypothesis pointing out coherence function as an interesting measure to detect initial stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensorimotor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro e, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensorimotor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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113
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Savaki HE, Raos V. Action perception and motor imagery: Mental practice of action. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 175:107-125. [PMID: 30711619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor cognition is related to the planning and generation of actions as well as to the recognition and imagination of motor acts. Recently, there is evidence that the motor system participates not only in overt actions but also in mental processes supporting covert actions. Within this framework, we have investigated the cortical areas engaged in execution, observation, and imagination of the same action, by the use of the high resolution quantitative 14C-deoxyglucose method in monkeys and by fMRI in humans, throughout the entire primate brain. Our data demonstrated that observing or imagining an action excites virtually the same sensory-motor cortical network which supports execution of that same action. In general agreement with the results of five relevant meta-analyses that we discuss extensively, our results imply mental practice, i.e. internal rehearsal of the action including movements and their sensory effects. We suggest that we actively perceive and imagine actions by selecting and running off-line restored sensory-motor memories, by mentally simulating the actions. We provide empirical evidence that mental simulation of actions underlies motor cognition, and conceptual representations are grounded in sensory-motor codes. Motor cognition may, therefore, be embodied and modal. Finally, we consider questions regarding agency attribution and the possible causal or epiphenomenal role the involved sensory-motor network could play in motor cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Savaki
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Iraklion, Crete, Greece; Computational Neuroscience Group, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Plastira N 100 str, 70013, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Raos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Iraklion, Crete, Greece; Computational Neuroscience Group, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Plastira N 100 str, 70013, Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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114
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Emerson JR, Binks JA, Scott MW, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. Combined action observation and motor imagery therapy: a novel method for post-stroke motor rehabilitation. AIMS Neurosci 2018; 5:236-252. [PMID: 32341964 PMCID: PMC7179337 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2018.4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular accidents (strokes) are a leading cause of motor deficiency in millions of people worldwide. While a complex range of biological systems is affected following a stroke, in this paper we focus primarily on impairments of the motor system and the recovery of motor skills. We briefly review research that has assessed two types of mental practice, which are currently recommended in stroke rehabilitation. Namely, action observation (AO) therapy and motor imagery (MI) training. We highlight the strengths and limitations in both techniques, before making the case for combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) therapy as a potentially more effective method. This is based on a growing body of multimodal brain imaging research showing advantages for combined AO + MI instructions over the two separate methods of AO and MI. Finally, we offer a series of suggestions and considerations for how combined AO + MI therapy could be employed in neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L. Eaves
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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115
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Boosting Action Observation and Motor Imagery to Promote Plasticity and Learning. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8625861. [PMID: 30532773 PMCID: PMC6247380 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8625861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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116
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Yasui T, Yamaguchi T, Tanabe S, Tatemoto T, Takahashi Y, Kondo K, Kawakami M. Time course of changes in corticospinal excitability induced by motor imagery during action observation combined with peripheral nerve electrical stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:637-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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117
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Mavilidi MF, Ruiter M, Schmidt M, Okely AD, Loyens S, Chandler P, Paas F. A Narrative Review of School-Based Physical Activity for Enhancing Cognition and Learning: The Importance of Relevancy and Integration. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2079. [PMID: 30464752 PMCID: PMC6234858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity can have substantial cognitive and academic benefits for children, and is generally promoted for its beneficial effects on children's physical and mental health. Although embodied cognition research has convincingly shown the integral relationship of the human body and mind, in schools physical activity and cognitive activity are typically treated as unrelated processes. Consequently, most physical activities used are neither sufficiently relevant for nor fully integrated into the learning tasks. In reviewing the literature regarding the integration of physical activity into education to promote cognition and learning, two main lines of research emerged: exercise and cognition research vs. embodied cognition research. In this narrative review, we describe these two separately evolved schools of thought, highlighting their differences and commonalities. In categorising the existing studies on a 2 × 2 matrix, concerning the two main categories of relevance for and integration into the learning task, it becomes clear where the different foci lie, and how both lines of research could profit from learning from each other. Finally, a new instructional model that integrates task-relevant physical activities into the cognitive/learning task is proposed to inform both further research and educational practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Foteini Mavilidi
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Margina Ruiter
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sofie Loyens
- University College Roosevelt, Utrecht University, Middelburg, Netherlands
| | - Paul Chandler
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Fred Paas
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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118
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Munzert J, Krüger B. Task-Specificity of Muscular Responses During Motor Imagery: Peripheral Physiological Effects and the Legacy of Edmund Jacobson. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1869. [PMID: 30356730 PMCID: PMC6189391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery has become a key issue in cognitive neuroscience and particularly in fMRI research. However, peripheral physiological effects of motor imagery were already being studied a century ago with some research hypotheses even tracing back to Washburn (1916). This review focuses on research by Edmund Jacobson in the early 1930s. Jacobsen demonstrated that peripheral physiological effects rely on task-specific instructions: Bending the right arm elicits muscular responses in the right biceps, but not in the muscles of other limbs. This review discusses how Jacobsen examined this issue in a series of studies. This scientific spadework is worth recalling here because of its methodological innovations and its forward-looking discussion that even today, continues to be relevant for prospective research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Munzert
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Krüger
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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119
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Cuenca-Martínez F, Suso-Martí L, Grande-Alonso M, Paris-Alemany A, La Touche R. Combining motor imagery with action observation training does not lead to a greater autonomic nervous system response than motor imagery alone during simple and functional movements: a randomized controlled trial. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5142. [PMID: 30002975 PMCID: PMC6037142 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) trigger the activation of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the planning and execution of voluntary movements in a manner that resembles how the action is performed in a real way. The main objective of the present study was to compare the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in an isolated MI group compared to a combined MI + AO group. The mental tasks were based on two simple movements that are recorded in the revised movement imagery questionnaire in third-person perspective. The secondary objective of the study was to test if there was any relationship between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, the mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. The main outcomes that were measured were heart rate, respiratory rate and electrodermal activity. A Biopac MP150 system, a measurement device of autonomic changes, was used for the quantification and evaluation of autonomic variables. Forty five asymptomatic subjects were selected and randomized in three groups: isolated MI, MI + AO and control group (CG). In regards to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), no differences were observed between MI and MI + AO groups (p > .05), although some differences were found between both groups when compared to the CG (p < .05). Additionally, even though no associations were reported between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, moderate-strong positive associations were found in mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. Our results suggest that MI and MI + AO, lead to an activation of the SNS, although there are no significant differences between the two groups. Based on results obtained, we suggest that tasks of low complexity, providing a visual input through the AO does not facilitates their subsequent motor imagination. A higher level of physical activity as well as a longer time to perform mental task, seem to be associated with a greater increase in the ANS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Suso-Martí
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Grande-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Paris-Alemany
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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120
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Okada Y, Shibamoto C, Osumi Y, Asano C, Takeuchi R, Nabeshima S, Morioka S, Shomoto K. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Action Observation and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training in a Patient with Writer's Cramp. J Mov Disord 2018; 11:82-86. [PMID: 29860789 PMCID: PMC5990908 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 47-year-old right-handed woman with a 15-year history of writer’s cramp who was provided with six sessions of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with observation of writing actions performed by a healthy subject and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training to decrease EMG activities in her right forehand muscles while writing for 30 min for 4 weeks. She showed improvement in dystonic posture and writing speed after the intervention. The writing movement and writing speed scores on a writer’s cramp rating scale decreased, along with writing time. Our findings demonstrated that cathodal tDCS combined with action observation and EMG biofeedback training might improve dystonic writing movements in a patient with writer’s cramp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan.,Neurorehabilitation Research Center of Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Shibamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukari Osumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chihiro Asano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Riho Takeuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Shu Morioka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan.,Neurorehabilitation Research Center of Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Shomoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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121
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Eaves DL, Emerson JR, Binks JA, Scott MW, Kenny RPW. Imagery ability: the individual difference gradient and novel training methods (Commentary on Kraeutner et al. (2018)). Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1219-1220. [PMID: 29729203 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Eaves
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J R Emerson
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J A Binks
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - M W Scott
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - R P W Kenny
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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122
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Ono Y, Wada K, Kurata M, Seki N. Enhancement of motor-imagery ability via combined action observation and motor-imagery training with proprioceptive neurofeedback. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:134-142. [PMID: 29698736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Varied individual ability to control the sensory-motor rhythms may limit the potential use of motor-imagery (MI) in neurorehabilitation and neuroprosthetics. We employed neurofeedback training of MI under action observation (AO: AOMI) with proprioceptive feedback and examined whether it could enhance MI-induced event-related desynchronization (ERD). Twenty-eight healthy young adults participated in the neurofeedback training. They performed MI while watching a video of hand-squeezing motion from a first-person perspective. Eleven participants received correct proprioceptive feedback of the same hand motion with the video, via an exoskeleton robot attached to their hand, upon their successful generation of ERD. Another nine participants received random feedback. The training lasted for approximately 20 min per day and continued for 6 days within an interval of 2 weeks. MI-ERD power was evaluated separately, without AO, on each experimental day. The MI-ERD power of the participants receiving correct feedback, as opposed to random feedback, was significantly increased after training. An additional experiment in which the remaining eight participants were trained with auditory instead of proprioceptive feedback failed to show statistically significant increase in MI-ERD power. The significant training effect obtained in shorter training time relative to previously proposed methods suggests the superiority of AOMI training and physiologically-congruent proprioceptive feedback to enhance the MI-ERD power. The proposed neurofeedback training could help patients with motor deficits to attain better use of brain-machine interfaces for rehabilitation and/or prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Ono
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8571, Japan; Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8571, Japan.
| | - Kenya Wada
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8571, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kurata
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8571, Japan.
| | - Naoto Seki
- Electrical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8571, Japan.
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Marusic U, Grosprêtre S. Non-physical approaches to counteract age-related functional deterioration: Applications for rehabilitation and neural mechanisms. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:639-649. [PMID: 29557276 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1447018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal and pathological ageing are associated with several motor impairments that reduce quality of life and represent a general challenge for public healthcare systems. Consequently, over the past decades, many scientists and physiotherapists dedicated their research to the development and improvement of safe and costless methods to counteract the progressive decline of motor functions with age. The urgency of finding new and easy to implement methods is even more paramount in case of acute pathologies (e.g. stroke or hip surgery). The frailty of older population makes it difficult or even impossible to use traditional physical therapy at an early stage after the occurrence of a pathology. To that purpose, non-physical approaches such as cognitive training (e.g. memory, attention training) and mental techniques (e.g. motor imagery) have grown in popularity for the elderly. Such methods, involving individual and/or group exercises, have shown particular effects on increasing or maintaining cognitive functions, as well as physical performances. Improving the motor function (especially in older age) requires an improvement of motor execution, i.e. the pathway from the brain motor areas to the muscle but also higher cognitive control. The present work reviews different non-physical interventions that can be used as a complementary approach by asymptomatic or frail older adults, and the effects thereof on functional performance. The use of cognitive training or motor imagery protocols is recommended when physical practice is limited or not possible. Finally, insights into the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- a Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper , Koper , Slovenia (EU).,b Department of Health Sciences , Alma Mater Europaea - ECM , Maribor , Slovenia (EU).,c Department of Kinesiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Primorska , Izola , Slovenia (EU)
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- d EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, Université de Franche - Comté , Besançon , France (EU)
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Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5651391. [PMID: 29755513 PMCID: PMC5884021 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5651391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N = 10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N = 11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural control) were measured before (PRE) and 2 months after surgery (POST). Significant interactions indicated better rehabilitation outcome for the intervention group as compared to the control group: at POST, the intervention group revealed faster TUG (p = 0.042), FSST (p = 0.004), and dual-task fast-paced gait speed (p = 0.022), reduced swing-time variability (p = 0.005), and enhanced cognitive performance during dual tasks while walking or balancing (p < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were observed for body sway parameters (p ≥ 0.229). These results demonstrate that AO + MI is efficient to improve motor-cognitive performance after hip surgery. Moreover, only parameters associated with locomotor activities improved whereas balance skills that were not part of the AO + MI intervention were not affected, demonstrating the specificity of training intervention. Overall, utilizing AO + MI during rehabilitation is advised, especially when physical practice is limited.
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125
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Losana-Ferrer A, Manzanas-López S, Cuenca-Martínez F, Paris-Alemany A, La Touche R. Effects of motor imagery and action observation on hand grip strength, electromyographic activity and intramuscular oxygenation in the hand gripping gesture: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:119-131. [PMID: 29408163 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of motor imagery and action observation combined with a hand grip strength program on the forearm muscles. Sixty subjects were selected and randomized into three groups: motor imagery (n = 20), action observation (n = 20), or a control group (n = 20). Outcome measures included hand grip strength, electromyographical activity and intramuscular oxygenation. The hand grip strength significantly increased in the motor imagery (p < .001) and action observation (p < .001) groups compared with the control group, although there were no differences between the both groups (p = .30). In the electromyographical activity, intra-group significant differences were found in motor imagery (p = .002) and action observation (p = .003) groups, although there were no differences between the both groups (p = 1.00) Intramuscular oxygenation results did not show any statistically significant differences between any of the study groups (p > .05). Our results suggest that both motor imagery and action observation training, combined with a hand grip strength program, present a significant strength gain and significant change in the strength and electromyographical activity of the forearm muscles, however no change was found in intramuscular oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Losana-Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Manzanas-López
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Paris-Alemany
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
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126
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Age-Related Differences in Cortical and Subcortical Activities during Observation and Motor Imagery of Dynamic Postural Tasks: An fMRI Study. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1598178. [PMID: 29675037 PMCID: PMC5872650 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1598178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in brain activation other than in the primary motor cortex are not well known with respect to dynamic balance control. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore age-related differences in the control of static and dynamic postural tasks using fMRI during mental simulation of balance tasks. For this purpose, 16 elderly (72 ± 5 years) and 16 young adults (27 ± 5 years) were asked to mentally simulate a static and a dynamic balance task by motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO), or the combination of AO and MI (AO + MI). Age-related differences were detected in the form of larger brain activations in elderly compared to young participants, especially in the challenging dynamic task when applying AO + MI. Interestingly, when MI (no visual input) was contrasted to AO (visual input), elderly participants revealed deactivation of subcortical areas. The finding that the elderly demonstrated overactivation in mostly cortical areas in challenging postural conditions with visual input (AO + MI and AO) but deactivation in subcortical areas during MI (no vision) may indicate that elderly individuals allocate more cortical resources to the internal representation of dynamic postural tasks. Furthermore, it might be assumed that they depend more strongly on visual input to activate subcortical internal representations.
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127
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Riach M, Wright DJ, Franklin ZC, Holmes PS. Screen Position Preference Offers a New Direction for Action Observation Research: Preliminary Findings Using TMS. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 29449805 PMCID: PMC5799289 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Action observation has been suggested to be an effective adjunct to physical practice in motor (re)learning settings. However, optimal viewing conditions for interventions are yet to be established. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate the effect of two different screen positions and participants’ screen position viewing preference on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during observation of a ball pinch action. Twenty-four participants observed four blocked conditions that contained either a dynamic index finger-thumb ball pinch or a static hand holding a ball in a similar position on a horizontally or vertically positioned screen. TMS was delivered to the hand representation of the left primary motor cortex and MEPs were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the right hand. Initial analysis of the normalized MEP amplitude data showed no significant differences between conditions. In a follow-up procedure, participants engaged in individual semi-structured interviews and completed a questionnaire designed to assess viewing affect and screen position viewing preference. The MEP data were subsequently split by screen position preference and re-analyzed using a 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects indicated that participants who preferred the horizontal screen position (n = 16) demonstrated significantly greater MEP amplitudes during observation of the ball-pinch action compared to the static hand condition irrespective of screen position, and during the horizontal compared to the vertical screen position irrespective of video type. These results suggest that ensuring anatomical and perceptual congruency with the physical task, alongside consideration of participants’ screen position viewing preferences, may be an important part of optimizing action observation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Riach
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë C Franklin
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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128
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Your move or mine? Music training and kinematic compatibility modulate synchronization with self- versus other-generated dance movement. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:62-80. [PMID: 29380047 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-0987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Motor simulation has been implicated in how musicians anticipate the rhythm of another musician's action to achieve interpersonal synchronization. Here, we investigated whether similar mechanisms govern a related form of rhythmic action: dance. We examined (1) whether synchronization with visual dance stimuli was influenced by movement agency, (2) whether music training modulated simulation efficiency, and (3) what cues were relevant for simulating the dance rhythm. Participants were first recorded dancing the basic Charleston steps paced by a metronome, and later in a synchronization task they tapped to the rhythm of their own point-light dance stimuli, stimuli of another physically matched participant or one matched in movement kinematics, and a quantitative average across individuals. Results indicated that, while there was no overall "self advantage" and synchronization was generally most stable with the least variable (averaged) stimuli, motor simulation was driven-indicated by high tap-beat variability correlations-by familiar movement kinematics rather than morphological features. Furthermore, music training facilitated simulation, such that musicians outperformed non-musicians when synchronizing with others' movements but not with their own movements. These findings support action simulation as underlying synchronization in dance, linking action observation and rhythm processing in a common motor framework.
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129
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cumming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel L. Eaves
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, UK
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130
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Ruffieux J, Mouthon A, Keller M, Mouthon M, Annoni JM, Taube W. Balance Training Reduces Brain Activity during Motor Simulation of a Challenging Balance Task in Older Adults: An fMRI Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:10. [PMID: 29472847 PMCID: PMC5810285 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a shift from an automatic to a more cortical postural control strategy, which goes along with deteriorations in postural stability. Although balance training has been shown to effectively counteract these behavioral deteriorations, little is known about the effect of balance training on brain activity during postural tasks in older adults. We, therefore, assessed postural stability and brain activity using fMRI during motor imagery alone (MI) and in combination with action observation (AO; i.e., AO+MI) of a challenging balance task in older adults before and after 5 weeks of balance training. Results showed a nonsignificant trend toward improvements in postural stability after balance training, accompanied by reductions in brain activity during AO+MI of the balance task in areas relevant for postural control, which have been shown to be over-activated in older adults during (simulation of) motor performance, including motor, premotor, and multisensory vestibular areas. This suggests that balance training may reverse the age-related cortical over-activations and lead to changes in the control of upright posture toward the one observed in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ruffieux
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Mouthon
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keller
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michaël Mouthon
- Neurology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Annoni
- Neurology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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131
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Wright DJ, Wood G, Franklin ZC, Marshall B, Riach M, Holmes PS. Directing visual attention during action observation modulates corticospinal excitability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190165. [PMID: 29304044 PMCID: PMC5755785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research has shown that corticospinal excitability is facilitated during the observation of human movement. However, the relationship between corticospinal excitability and participants’ visual attention during action observation is rarely considered. Nineteen participants took part in four conditions: (i) a static hand condition, involving observation of a right hand holding a ball between the thumb and index finger; (ii) a free observation condition, involving observation of the ball being pinched between thumb and index finger; and (iii and iv) finger-focused and ball-focused conditions, involving observation of the same ball pinch action with instructions to focus visual attention on either the index finger or the ball. Single-pulse TMS was delivered to the left motor cortex and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi muscles of the right hand. Eye movements were recorded simultaneously throughout each condition. The ball-focused condition produced MEPs of significantly larger amplitude in the FDI muscle, compared to the free observation or static hand conditions. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that the number of fixations on the ball was a significant predictor of MEP amplitude in the ball-focused condition. These results have important implications for the design and delivery of action observation interventions in motor (re)learning settings. Specifically, providing viewing instructions that direct participants to focus visual attention on task-relevant objects affected by the observed movement promotes activity in the motor system in a more optimal manner than free observation or no instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Wood
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe C Franklin
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Riach
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Motor Cognition Research Group, Research Centre for Health, Exercise and Active Living, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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132
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Cengiz B, Vurallı D, Zinnuroğlu M, Bayer G, Golmohammadzadeh H, Günendi Z, Turgut AE, İrfanoğlu B, Arıkan KB. Analysis of mirror neuron system activation during action observation alone and action observation with motor imagery tasks. Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:497-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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133
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Bove M, Strassera L, Faelli E, Biggio M, Bisio A, Avanzino L, Ruggeri P. Sensorimotor Skills Impact on Temporal Expectation: Evidence from Swimmers. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1714. [PMID: 29085314 PMCID: PMC5649184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study was to assess whether the ability to predict the temporal outcome of a sport action was influenced by the sensorimotor skills previously acquired during a specific sport training. Four groups, each of 30 subjects, were enrolled in this study; subjects of three groups practiced different sports disciplines (i.e., swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and water polo) at competitive level whilst the fourth group consisted of control subjects. Subjects were asked to observe a video showing a swimmer doing two laps in crawl style. This video was shown 36 times, and was occluded after variable intervals, randomized across trials, by a dark window that started 3, 6, and 12 s before the swimmer touched the poolside. During the occluded interval, subjects were asked to indicate when the swimmer touched the edge of the pool by clicking on any button of the laptop keyboard. We found that swimmers were more accurate than subjects performing other sports in temporally predicting the final outcome of the swimming task. Particularly, we observed a significant difference in absolute timing error that was lower in swimmers compared to other groups when they were asked to make a temporal prediction with the occluded interval of short duration (i.e., 3 s). Our findings demonstrate that the ability to extract temporal patterns of a motor action depends largely on the subjective expertise, suggesting that sport-acquired sensorimotor skills impact on the temporal representation of the previously observed action, allowing subjects to predict the time course of the action in absence of visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Strassera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Biggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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134
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Kim T, Frank C, Schack T. A Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:499. [PMID: 29089881 PMCID: PMC5650990 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Action observation training and motor imagery training have independently been studied and considered as an effective training strategy for improving motor skill learning. However, comparative studies of the two training strategies are relatively few. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of action observation training and motor imagery training on the development of mental representation structure and golf putting performance as well as the relation between the changes in mental representation structure and skill performance during the early learning stage. Forty novices were randomly assigned to one of four groups: action observation training, motor imagery training, physical practice and no practice. The mental representation structure and putting performance were measured before and after 3 days of training, then after a 2-day retention period. The results showed that mental representation structure and the accuracy of the putting performance were improved over time through the two types of cognitive training (i.e., action observation training and motor imagery training). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between changes in mental representation structure and skill performance for the action observation training group only. Taken together, these results suggest that both cognitive adaptations and skill improvement occur through the training of the two simulation states of action, and that perceptual-cognitive changes are associated with the change of skill performance for action observation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Cognitive Interaction Technology-Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Cognitive Interaction Technology-Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Cognitive Interaction Technology-Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics (CoR-Lab), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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135
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Spruijt S, Jongsma MLA, van der Kamp J, Steenbergen B. Examining Developmental Changes in Children's Motor Imagery: A Longitudinal Study. Adv Cogn Psychol 2017; 13:257-266. [PMID: 29062438 PMCID: PMC5645803 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a longitudinal design, the present study examined developmental changes in
the employment of (motor) imagery strategies on the hand laterality judgment
(HLJ) task in children. All children (N = 23) participated
three times, at ages of 5, 6, and 7 years. Error percentages and response
durations were compared to a priori defined sinusoid models, representing
different strategies to judge hand laterality. Response durations of correct and
incorrect trials were included. Observed data showed that task performance was
affected by motor constraints, both in children who performed accurately at 5
years of age and in the children who did not. This is the first study to show
that 5-year-olds—even when not successful at the task—employ motor imagery when
engaged in this task. Importantly, although the children became faster and more
accurate with age, no developmental changes in the employed motor imagery
strategy were observed at ages of 5, 6, and 7 years. We found that 5-year-old
children are able to use a motor imagery strategy to perform the HL J task.
Although performance on this task improved with age, our analyses showed that
the employed strategy to solve this task remained invariant across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffie Spruijt
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - John van der Kamp
- University of Hong Kong, Institute of Human Performance, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne, Australia
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136
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Hasegawa T, Miyata H, Nishi K, Sagari A, Moriuchi T, Matsuo T, Tabira T, Higashi T. Somatosensory cortex excitability changes due to differences in instruction conditions of motor imagery. Somatosens Mot Res 2017; 34:151-157. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2017.1368476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasegawa
- Medical Corporation, Wajinkai Wajinkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyata
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keita Nishi
- Medical Corporation, Wajinkai Wajinkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Macroscopic Anatomy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Sagari
- Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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137
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Separating the Idea from the Action: A sLORETA Study. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:228-241. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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138
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Mojtahedi K, Whitsell B, Artemiadis P, Santello M. Communication and Inference of Intended Movement Direction during Human-Human Physical Interaction. Front Neurorobot 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28450834 PMCID: PMC5390012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Of particular interest to the neuroscience and robotics communities is the understanding of how two humans could physically collaborate to perform motor tasks such as holding a tool or moving it across locations. When two humans physically interact with each other, sensory consequences and motor outcomes are not entirely predictable as they also depend on the other agent’s actions. The sensory mechanisms involved in physical interactions are not well understood. The present study was designed (1) to quantify human–human physical interactions where one agent (“follower”) has to infer the intended or imagined—but not executed—direction of motion of another agent (“leader”) and (2) to reveal the underlying strategies used by the dyad. This study also aimed at verifying the extent to which visual feedback (VF) is necessary for communicating intended movement direction. We found that the control of leader on the relationship between force and motion was a critical factor in conveying his/her intended movement direction to the follower regardless of VF of the grasped handle or the arms. Interestingly, the dyad’s ability to communicate and infer movement direction with significant accuracy improved (>83%) after a relatively short amount of practice. These results indicate that the relationship between force and motion (interpreting as arm impedance modulation) may represent an important means for communicating intended movement direction between biological agents, as indicated by the modulation of this relationship to intended direction. Ongoing work is investigating the application of the present findings to optimize communication of high-level movement goals during physical interactions between biological and non-biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Mojtahedi
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bryan Whitsell
- Human Oriented Robotics and Control Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Panagiotis Artemiadis
- Human Oriented Robotics and Control Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Santello
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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139
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Scott M, Taylor S, Chesterton P, Vogt S, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation increases eccentric hamstring force: an acute non-physical intervention. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:1443-1451. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scott
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chesterton
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lloyd Eaves
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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140
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Carson HJ, Collins DJ. Commentary: Motor Imagery during Action Observation: A Brief Review of Evidence, Theory and Future Research Opportunities. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:25. [PMID: 28179881 PMCID: PMC5263123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Howie J Carson
- Institute for Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire Preston, UK
| | - Dave J Collins
- Institute for Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire Preston, UK
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