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Guo P, Qi YP, Yang LT, Ye X, Jiang HX, Huang JH, Chen LS. cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals the adaptive responses of citrus to long-term boron-toxicity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:284. [PMID: 25348611 PMCID: PMC4219002 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron (B)-toxicity is an important disorder in agricultural regions across the world. Seedlings of 'Sour pummelo' (Citrus grandis) and 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis) were fertigated every other day until drip with 10 μM (control) or 400 μM (B-toxic) H3BO3 in a complete nutrient solution for 15 weeks. The aims of this study were to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of citrus plants to B-toxicity and to identify B-tolerant genes. RESULTS B-toxicity-induced changes in seedlings growth, leaf CO2 assimilation, pigments, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and phosphorus were less pronounced in C. sinensis than in C. grandis. B concentration was higher in B-toxic C. sinensis leaves than in B-toxic C. grandis ones. Here we successfully used cDNA-AFLP to isolate 67 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) from B-toxic C. grandis leaves, whilst only 31 up-regulated and 37 down-regulated TDFs from B-toxic C. sinensis ones, demonstrating that gene expression is less affected in B-toxic C. sinensis leaves than in B-toxic C. grandis ones. These differentially expressed TDFs were related to signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell wall and cytoskeleton modification, stress responses and cell transport. The higher B-tolerance of C. sinensis might be related to the findings that B-toxic C. sinensis leaves had higher expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, which might contribute to the higher photosyntheis and light utilization and less excess light energy, and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to B-toxic C. grandis leaves, thus preventing them from photo-oxidative damage. In addition, B-toxicity-induced alteration in the expression levels of genes encoding inorganic pyrophosphatase 1, AT4G01850 and methionine synthase differed between the two species, which might play a role in the B-tolerance of C. sinensis. CONCLUSIONS C. sinensis leaves could tolerate higher level of B than C. grandis ones, thus improving the B-tolerance of C. sinensis plants. Our findings reveal some novel mechanisms on the tolerance of plants to B-toxicity at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- />College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- />Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- />College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xin Ye
- />College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Huan-Xin Jiang
- />Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jing-Hao Huang
- />Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013 China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- />College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- />The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R, Miranda-Vergara MC, Pantoja O. Quantitative proteomics of heavy metal exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals alterations in one-carbon metabolism enzymes upon exposure to zinc. J Proteomics 2014; 111:128-38. [PMID: 24642212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant zinc (Zn) homeostasis must be tightly regulated as the requirement for this micronutrient necessitates its uptake. However, excessive Zn can lead to toxicity and the plant must respond rapidly and effectively within its capacity to minimize damage. To detect mechanisms that may be important for coping with excess Zn we carried out a quantitative proteomics approach using 2D-DIGE to identify Zn-responsive proteins in microsomal fractions from leaves of 4day, 200μM Zn-treated, Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Of the eight proteins which showed significant changes in abundance in the Zn-treated samples and which met all of the selection criteria following statistical analysis, six were successfully identified by LC-MS/MS with 2 or more unique peptides. Three of the proteins were found to be involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway; including glycine decarboxylase P protein, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and methionine synthase, all of which showed reduced abundance in the Zn-treated samples. Western blot analysis confirmed the decrease in SHMT, while changes in metal tolerance protein indicated plants were most likely actively sequestering Zn. Interestingly, excess Zn led to increased petiole length, a phenotype which may reflect the reduced levels of methionine, a key product of the one-carbon metabolism pathway. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Metal contamination is becoming an increasingly common environmental problem. High levels of zinc can be found in certain soils naturally or as a result of long-term anthropogenic activity which leads to its accumulation; i.e. use of fertilizers or industrial waste. The study of metal tolerant plants, particularly those classified as hyperaccumulators has been driven by the potential use of these plants for bioremediation purposes. However, the effects of heavy metal exposure on sensitive plants and the different cellular processes that are affected have received significantly less attention. We are interested in identifying proteins in A. thaliana that are induced as a result of exposure to subtoxic levels of heavy metals with the aim of discovering novel participants in heavy metal stress and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Miraval, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México.
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Miraval, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
| | | | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia Miraval, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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Antosiewicz DM, Barabasz A, Siemianowski O. Phenotypic and molecular consequences of overexpression of metal-homeostasis genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:80. [PMID: 24639682 PMCID: PMC3945530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulating plants are able to store very large amounts of metals in their shoots. There are a number of reasons why it is important to be able to introduce metal hyperaccumulation traits into non-accumulating species (e.g., phytoremediation or biofortification in minerals) and to engineer a desired level of accumulation and distribution of metals. Metal homeostasis genes have therefore been used for these purposes. Engineered accumulation levels, however, have often been far from expected, and transgenic plants frequently display phenotypic features not related to the physiological function of the introduced gene. In this review, we focus on an aspect often neglected in research on plants expressing metal homeostasis genes: the specific regulation of endogenous metal homeostasis genes of the host plant in response to the transgene-induced imbalance of the metal status. These modifications constitute one of the major mechanisms involved in the generation of the plant's phenotype, including unexpected characteristics. Interestingly, activation of so-called "metal cross-homeostasis" has emerged as a factor of primary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M. Antosiewicz
- *Correspondence: Danuta M. Antosiewicz, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland e-mail:
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Socha AL, Guerinot ML. Mn-euvering manganese: the role of transporter gene family members in manganese uptake and mobilization in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:106. [PMID: 24744764 PMCID: PMC3978347 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is important for plant health. In plants, Mn serves as a cofactor in essential processes such as photosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Mn deficient plants exhibit decreased growth and yield and are more susceptible to pathogens and damage at freezing temperatures. Mn deficiency is most prominent on alkaline soils with approximately one third of the world's soils being too alkaline for optimal crop production. Despite the importance of Mn in plant development, relatively little is known about how it traffics between plant tissues and into and out of organelles. Several gene transporter families have been implicated in Mn transport in plants. These transporter families include NRAMP (natural resistance associated macrophage protein), YSL (yellow stripe-like), ZIP (zinc regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter [ZRT/IRT1]-related protein), CAX (cation exchanger), CCX (calcium cation exchangers), CDF/MTP (cation diffusion facilitator/metal tolerance protein), P-type ATPases and VIT (vacuolar iron transporter). A combination of techniques including mutant analysis and Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy can assist in identifying essential transporters of Mn. Such knowledge would vastly improve our understanding of plant Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Socha
- *Correspondence: Amanda L. Socha, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03766, USA e-mail:
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Peng JS, Gong JM. Vacuolar sequestration capacity and long-distance metal transport in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:19. [PMID: 24550927 PMCID: PMC3912839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is a pivotal organelle functioning in storage of metabolites, mineral nutrients, and toxicants in higher plants. Accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to its storage role, the vacuole contributes essentially to long-distance transport of metals, through the modulation of Vacuolar sequestration capacity (VSC) which is shown to be primarily controlled by cytosolic metal chelators and tonoplast-localized transporters, or the interaction between them. Plants adapt to their environments by dynamic regulation of VSC for specific metals and hence targeting metals to specific tissues. Study of VSC provides not only a new angle to understand the long-distance root-to-shoot transport of minerals in plants, but also an efficient way to biofortify essential mineral nutrients or to phytoremediate non-essential metal pollution. The current review will focus on the most recent proceedings on the interaction mechanisms between VSC regulation and long-distance metal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shi Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Ming Gong, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China e-mail:
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Murgia I, De Gara L, Grusak MA. Biofortification: how can we exploit plant science and biotechnology to reduce micronutrient deficiencies? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:429. [PMID: 24223578 PMCID: PMC3818469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di RomaRoma, Italy
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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