101
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Yang K, Liu D, Teng R, Li C, Fan Z, Du J. An Antibacterial Polypeptide Coating Prepared by In Situ Enzymatic Polymerization for Preventing Delayed Infection of Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1900-1908. [PMID: 36877006 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Delayed implant-associated infection is an important challenge, as the treatment involves a high risk of implant replacement. Mussel-inspired antimicrobial coatings can be applied to coat a variety of implants in a facile way, but the adhesive 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) group is prone to oxidation. Therefore, an antibacterial polypeptide copolymer poly(Phe7-stat-Lys10)-b-polyTyr3 was designed to prepare the implant coating upon tyrosinase-induced enzymatic polymerization for preventing implant-associated infections. Both poly(Phe7-stat-Lys10) and polyTyr3 blocks have specific functions: the former provides intrinsic antibacterial activity with a low risk to induce antimicrobial resistance, and the latter is attachable to the surface of implants to rapidly generate an antibacterial coating by in situ injection of polypeptide copolymer since tyrosine could be oxidized to DOPA under catalyzation of skin tyrosinase. This polypeptide coating with excellent antibacterial effect and desirable biofilm inhibition activity is promising for broad applications in a multitude of biomedical materials to combat delayed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Runxin Teng
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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102
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Alenazy R. Antimicrobial Activities and Biofilm Inhibition Properties of Trigonella foenumgraecum Methanol Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030703. [PMID: 36983858 PMCID: PMC10053055 DOI: 10.3390/life13030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming the leading cause of death globally due to their resistance to many currently used antibiotics. Bacteria naturally have intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance to certain commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, searching for novel compounds has become necessary. Trigonella foenumgraecum extract was evaluated for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were also determined. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the phytochemical components present in the extract. GC-MS analysis revealed that T. foenumgraecum extract contains major compounds such as Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)-, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid. Both bacterial strains showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested. T. foenumgraecum showed inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains with a MIC of 500 µg/mL and MBC of 1000 µg/mL. The methanol extract decreased the biofilm activity of both E. coli and S. aureus below the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration. The extract showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against the tested bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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103
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Sengupta M, Sarkar R, Sarkar S, Sengupta M, Ghosh S, Banerjee P. Vancomycin and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus Isolates from a Tertiary Care Center in India. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050945. [PMID: 36900089 PMCID: PMC10001185 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing development of antibiotic resistance among the Enterococcus species. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to determine prevalence and characterize the vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant enterococcus isolates from a tertiary care center. Moreover, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates was also determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was performed in Medical College, Kolkata, India, over a period of two years (from January 2018 to December 2019). After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Enterococcus isolates from various samples were included in the present investigation. In addition to the various conventional biochemical tests, the VITEK 2 Compact system was used to identify the Enterococcus species. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and VITEK 2 Compact to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2017 guidelines were used to interpret susceptibility. Multiplex PCR was performed for genetic characterization of the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates and sequencing was performed for characterization of the linezolid-resistant Enterococcus isolates. RESULTS During the period of two years, 371 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were obtained from 4934 clinical isolates showing a prevalence of 7.52%. Among these isolates, 239 (64.42%) were Enterococcus faecalis, 114 (30.72%) Enterococcus faecium, and others were Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus avium. Among these, 24 (6.47%) were VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus) of which 18 isolates were Van A type and six isolates of Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum were resistant VanC type. There were two linezolid-resistant Enterococcus, and they were found to have the G2576T mutation. Among the 371 isolates, 252 (67.92%) were multi-drug resistant. CONCLUSION This study found an increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. There is also an alarming prevalence of multidrug resistance among these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sengupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Riya Sarkar
- Vijaya Diagnostics Laboratory, Hyderabad 500029, India
| | - Soma Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata 700014, India
| | | | - Sougata Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, India
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104
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In Vivo Effect of a Nisin–Biogel on the Antimicrobial and Virulence Signatures of Canine Oral Enterococci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030468. [PMID: 36978334 PMCID: PMC10044209 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a relevant oral disease in dogs and nisin–biogel has been previously proposed to be used in its control. Enterococci, as inhabitants of the oral cavity with a high genetic versatility, are a reliable bacterial model for antimicrobial studies. Our goal was to evaluate the in vivo influence of the long-term dental application of the nisin–biogel on the virulence and antimicrobial signatures of canine oral enterococci. Twenty dogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups (treatment group—TG with nisin–biogel dental application, or control group—CG without treatment) and submitted to dental plaque sampling at day 0 and after 90 days (T90). Samples were processed for Enterococcus spp. isolation, quantification, identification, molecular typing and antimicrobial and virulence characterization. From a total of 140 enterococci, molecular typing allowed us to obtain 70 representative isolates, mostly identified as E. faecalis and E. faecium. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the virulence index of the isolates obtained from samples collected from the TG and CG at T90. At T90, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0008) was observed in the antimicrobial resistance index between the isolates from the TC and CG. Oral enterococci were revealed to be reservoirs of high resistant and virulent phenotypes.
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105
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Pall E, Roman A, Olah D, Beteg FI, Cenariu M, Spînu M. Enhanced Bioactive Potential of Functionalized Injectable Platelet-Rich Plasma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041943. [PMID: 36838930 PMCID: PMC9967773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) is a frequently used platelet concentrate used for various medical purposes both in veterinary and human medicine due to the regenerative potential of hard and soft tissues, and also because of its antimicrobial effectiveness. This in vitro study was carried out to assess the cumulative antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of iPRF functionalized with a multifunctional glycoprotein, human lactoferrin (Lf). Thus, the ability to potentiate cell proliferation was tested on keratinocytes and evaluated by the CCK8 test. The combinations of iPRF and Lf induced an increase in the proliferation rate after 24 h. The average cell viability of treated cultures (all nine variants) was 102.87% ± 1.00, and the growth tendency was maintained even at 48 h. The highest proliferation rate was observed in cultures treated with 7% iPRF in combination with 50 µg/mL of Lf, with an average viability of 102.40% ± 0.80. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of iPRF, of human lactoferrin and their combination were tested by agar-well diffusion (Kirby-Bauer assay), broth microdilution, and crystal violet assay against five reference bacterial strains. iPRF showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential, but with variations depending on the tested bacterial strain. The global analysis of the results indicates an increased antimicrobial potential at the highest concentration of Lf mixed with iPRF. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized enhanced bioactive properties of functionalized iPRF against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilm-producing bacteria. These findings could be further applied, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms that are involved in these specific bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emoke Pall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Ioan Beteg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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106
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Singh A, Yadav VK, Chundawat RS, Soltane R, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Yadav KK, Vicas SI. Enhancing plant growth promoting rhizobacterial activities through consortium exposure: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1099999. [PMID: 36865031 PMCID: PMC9972119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1099999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has gained immense importance in the last decade due to its in-depth study and the role of the rhizosphere as an ecological unit in the biosphere. A putative PGPR is considered PGPR only when it may have a positive impact on the plant after inoculation. From the various pieces of literature, it has been found that these bacteria improve the growth of plants and their products through their plant growth-promoting activities. A microbial consortium has a positive effect on plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities evident by the literature. In the natural ecosystem, rhizobacteria interact synergistically and antagonistically with each other in the form of a consortium, but in a natural consortium, there are various oscillating environmental conditions that affect the potential mechanism of the consortium. For the sustainable development of our ecological environment, it is our utmost necessity to maintain the stability of the rhizobacterial consortium in fluctuating environmental conditions. In the last decade, various studies have been conducted to design synthetic rhizobacterial consortium that helps to integrate cross-feeding over microbial strains and reveal their social interactions. In this review, the authors have emphasized covering all the studies on designing synthetic rhizobacterial consortiums, their strategies, mechanism, and their application in the field of environmental ecology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajendra Singh Chundawat
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Rajendra Singh Chundawat, ; Simona Ioana Vicas,
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S. Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A. Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Department of Semi Pilot Plant, Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Egypt
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,*Correspondence: Rajendra Singh Chundawat, ; Simona Ioana Vicas,
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107
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Michaelis C, Grohmann E. Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020328. [PMID: 36830238 PMCID: PMC9952180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it hinders the treatment of infections with antibiotics due to the facilitated acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Environmental settings are now considered as pivotal for driving biofilm formation, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance development and dissemination. Several studies have demonstrated that environmental biofilms can be hotspots for the dissemination of ARGs. These genes can be encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as conjugative and mobilizable plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). ARGs can be rapidly transferred through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which has been shown to occur more frequently in biofilms than in planktonic cultures. Biofilm models are promising tools to mimic natural biofilms to study the dissemination of ARGs via HGT. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of biofilm studies and the techniques that visualize the three main HGT mechanisms in biofilms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
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108
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Dai S, Gao Y, Duan L. Recent advances in hydrogel coatings for urinary catheters. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Dai
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
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109
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trans-Cinnamaldehyde as a Novel Candidate to Overcome Bacterial Resistance: An Overview of In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020254. [PMID: 36830165 PMCID: PMC9952841 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing of drug-resistant bacteria and the scanty availability of novel effective antibacterial agents represent alarming problems of the modern society, which stimulated researchers to investigate novel strategies to replace or assist synthetic antibiotics. A great deal of attention has been devoted over the years to essential oils that contain mixtures of volatile compounds and have been traditionally exploited as antimicrobial remedies. Among the essential oil phytochemicals, remarkable antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating activities have been highlighted for cinnamaldehyde, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, particularly abundant in the essential oils of Cinnamomum spp., and widely used as a food additive in industrial products. In line with this evidence, in the present study, an overview of the available literature has been carried out in order to define the bacterial sensitizing profile of cinnamaldehyde. In vitro studies displayed the ability of the substance to resensitize microbial strains to drugs and increase the efficacy of different antibiotics, especially cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin; however, in vivo, and clinical trials are lacking. Based on the collected findings, cinnamaldehyde appears to be of interest as an adjuvant agent to overcome superbug infections and antibiotic resistance; however, future more in-dept studies and clinical investigations should be encouraged to clarify its efficacy and the mechanisms involved.
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110
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Targeting Multidrug-Recalcitrant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Combined-Enzyme Treatment Enhances Antibiotic Efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0135822. [PMID: 36602373 PMCID: PMC9872604 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01358-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilms during infection, resulting in recalcitrance to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm inhibition is a promising research direction for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections. Here, a combined-enzyme biofilm-targeted strategy was put forward for the first time to simultaneously prevent biofilm formation and break down preformed biofilms. The N-acylhomoserine lactonase AidH was used as a quorum-sensing inhibitor and was modified to enhance the inhibitory effect on biofilms by rational design. Mutant AidHA147G exerted maximum activity at the human body temperature and pH and could reduce the expression of virulence factors as well as biofilm-related genes of P. aeruginosa. Subsequently, the P. aeruginosa self-produced glycosyl hydrolase PslG joined with AidHA147G to disrupt biofilms. Interestingly, under the combined-enzyme intervention for P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 and clinical strains, no biofilm was observed on the bottom of NEST glass-bottom cell culture dishes. The combination strategy also helped multidrug-resistant clinical strains change from resistant to intermediate or sensitive to many antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice. These results demonstrated that the combined-enzyme approach for inhibiting biofilms is a potential clinical treatment for P. aeruginosa infection.
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111
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da Silva Barreira D, Laurent J, Lourenço J, Novion Ducassou J, Couté Y, Guzzo J, Rieu A. Membrane vesicles released by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 inhibit the biofilm formation of Salmonella Enteritidis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1163. [PMID: 36670157 PMCID: PMC9859808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms represent a major concern in the food industry and healthcare. The use of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives as an alternative to conventional treatments to fight biofilm development is a promising option that has provided convincing results in the last decades. Recently, membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by probiotics have generated considerable interest due to the diversity of roles they have been associated with. However, the antimicrobial activity of probiotic MVs remains to be studied. In this work, we showed that membrane vesicles produced by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 (LC-MVs) exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) without affecting bacterial growth. Furthermore, we found that LC-MVs affected the early stages of S. Enteritidis biofilm development and prevented attachment of bacteria to polystyrene surfaces. Importantly, LC-MVs did not impact the biomass of already established biofilms. We also demonstrated that the antibiofilm activity depended on the proteins associated with the LC-MV fraction. Finally, two peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) were found to be associated with the antibiofilm activity of LC-MVs. Overall, this work allowed to identify the antibiofilm properties of LC-MVs and paved the way for the use of probiotic MVs against the development of negative biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David da Silva Barreira
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Laurent
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Lourenço
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Novion Ducassou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Guzzo
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Rieu
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France.
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112
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Mohamad F, Alzahrani RR, Alsaadi A, Alrfaei BM, Yassin AEB, Alkhulaifi MM, Halwani M. An Explorative Review on Advanced Approaches to Overcome Bacterial Resistance by Curbing Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:19-49. [PMID: 36636380 PMCID: PMC9830422 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s380883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens evoked the development of innovative approaches targeting virulence factors unique to their pathogenic cascade. These approaches aimed to explore anti-virulence or anti-infective therapies. There are evident concerns regarding the bacterial ability to create a superstructure, the biofilm. Biofilm formation is a crucial virulence factor causing difficult-to-treat, localized, and systemic infections. The microenvironments of bacterial biofilm reduce the efficacy of antibiotics and evade the host's immunity. Producing a biofilm is not limited to a specific group of bacteria; however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are exemplary models. This review discusses biofilm formation as a virulence factor and the link to antimicrobial resistance. In addition, it explores insights into innovative multi-targeted approaches and their physiological mechanisms to combat biofilms, including natural compounds, phages, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), CRISPR-Cas gene editing, and nano-mediated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohamad
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad R Alzahrani
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alsaadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Eldeen B Yassin
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,Manal M Alkhulaifi, P.O. Box 55670, Riyadh, 11544, Tel +966 (11) 805-1685, Email
| | - Majed Halwani
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Majed Halwani, P.O. Box 3660, Mail Code 1515 (KAIMRC), Riyadh, 11481, Tel +966 (11) 429-4433, Fax +966 (11) 429-4440, Email ;
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113
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Lila ASA, Rajab AAH, Abdallah MH, Rizvi SMD, Moin A, Khafagy ES, Tabrez S, Hegazy WAH. Biofilm Lifestyle in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010148. [PMID: 36676100 PMCID: PMC9865985 DOI: 10.3390/life13010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most common infections that are frequently encountered in health care facilities. One of the main mechanisms used by bacteria that allows them to survive hostile environments is biofilm formation. Biofilms are closed bacterial communities that offer protection and safe hiding, allowing bacteria to evade host defenses and hide from the reach of antibiotics. Inside biofilm communities, bacteria show an increased rate of horizontal gene transfer and exchange of resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, bacterial communication within the biofilm allows them to orchestrate the expression of virulence genes, which further cements the infestation and increases the invasiveness of the infection. These facts stress the necessity of continuously updating our information and understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and eradication methods of this growing public health concern. This review seeks to understand the role of biofilm formation in recurrent urinary tact infections by outlining the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation in different uropathogens, in addition to shedding light on some biofilm eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S. Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.L.); (W.A.H.H.)
| | - Azza A. H. Rajab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa H. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat 113, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.L.); (W.A.H.H.)
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Gelston S, Flurin L, Raval YS, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Beyenal H. Activity of a hypochlorous acid-producing electrochemical bandage as assessed with a porcine explant biofilm model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:250-259. [PMID: 36168277 PMCID: PMC10091757 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activity of a hypochlorous acid-producing electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) in preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (MRSA) infection and removing biofilms formed by MRSA was assessed using a porcine explant biofilm model. e-Bandages inhibited S. aureus infection (p = 0.029) after 12 h (h) of exposure and reduced 3-day biofilm viable cell counts after 6, 12, and 24 h exposures (p = 0.029). Needle-type microelectrodes were used to assess HOCl concentrations in explant tissue as a result of e-bandage treatment; toxicity associated with e-bandage treatment was evaluated. HOCl concentrations in infected and uninfected explant tissue varied between 30 and 80 µM, decreasing with increasing distance from the e-bandage. Eukaryotic cell viability was reduced by an average of 71% and 65% in fresh and day 3-old explants, respectively, when compared to explants exposed to nonpolarized e-bandages. HOCl e-bandages are a promising technology that can be further developed as an antibiotic-free treatment for wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laure Flurin
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yash S Raval
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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115
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Wang Y, Xu S, He Q, Sun K, Wang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Zeng J. Crosstalk between microbial biofilms in the gastrointestinal tract and chronic mucosa diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151552. [PMID: 37125198 PMCID: PMC10133492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest reservoir of microbiota in the human body; however, it is still challenging to estimate the distribution and life patterns of microbes. Biofilm, as the predominant form in the microbial ecosystem, serves ideally to connect intestinal flora, molecules, and host mucosa cells. It gives bacteria the capacity to inhabit ecological niches, communicate with host cells, and withstand environmental stresses. This study intends to evaluate the connection between GI tract biofilms and chronic mucosa diseases such as chronic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. In each disease, we summarize the representative biofilm makers including Helicobacter pylori, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We address biofilm's role in causing inflammation and the pro-carcinogenic stage in addition to discussing the typical resistance, persistence, and recurrence mechanisms seen in vitro. Biofilms may serve as a new biomarker for endoscopic and pathologic detection of gastrointestinal disease and suppression, which may be a useful addition to the present therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixi Xu
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurong He
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqing Li,
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Jumei Zeng,
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116
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Laulund AS, Schwartz FA, Christophersen L, Kolpen M, Østrup Jensen P, Calum H, Høiby N, Thomsen K, Moser C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy augments ciprofloxacin effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infected chronic wounds in a mouse model. Biofilm 2022; 5:100100. [PMID: 36660364 PMCID: PMC9843175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic wounds have a compromised microcirculation which leads to restricted gas exchange. The majority of these hypoxic wounds is infested with microorganisms congregating in biofilms which further hinders the antibiotic function. We speculate whether this process can be counteracted by hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Methodology Twenty-eight BALB/c mice with third-degree burns were included in the analyses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded in seaweed alginate beads was injected under the eschar to mimic a biofilm infected wound. Challenged mice were randomized to receive either 4 days with 1 x ciprofloxacin combined with 2 × 90 min HBOT at 2.8 standard atmosphere daily, 1 x ciprofloxacin as monotherapy or saline as placebo. The mice were clinically scored, and wound sizes were estimated by planimetry daily. Euthanasia was performed on day 8. Wounds were surgically removed in toto, homogenized and plated for quantitative bacteriology. Homogenate supernatants were used for cytokine analysis. Results P. aeruginosa was present in all wounds at euthanasia. A significant lower bacterial load was seen in the HBOT group compared to either the monotherapy ciprofloxacin group (p = 0.0008), or the placebo group (p < 0.0001). IL-1β level was significantly lower in the HBOT group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.0007). Both treatment groups had higher osteopontin levels than the placebo group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). The same pattern was seen in the S100A9 analysis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008), whereas no differences were detected between the S100A8, the VEGF or the MMP8 levels in the three groups. Conclusion These findings show that HBOT improves the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa wound biofilm in vivo. HBOT in addition to ciprofloxacin also modulates the host response to a less inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Laulund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark,Corresponding author.
| | | | | | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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117
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Chi SI, Ramirez-Arcos S. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Enhance Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus in Platelet Concentrates. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010089. [PMID: 36677381 PMCID: PMC9864821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and slow growth by Staphylococcus aureus in platelet concentrates (PCs) cause missed detection of this bacterium during routine PC screening with automated culture systems. This heightens the chances of false-negative screening transfusions and pre-disposes transfusion patients to an elevated risk of sepsis due to secretion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in PCs. A hybrid approach of comparative RNAseq analyses and CRISPR mutagenesis of SE genes was employed to investigate the effect of SEs in S. aureus growth and biofilm formation in PCs. RNAseq data showed no differential expression for key biofilm genes, whereas SE genes were upregulated (>0.5- to 3.6-fold change) in PCs compared to trypticase soy broth (TSB). Remarkably, growth and biofilm formation assays revealed increased growth for the S. aureus SE mutants, while their ability to form biofilms was significantly impaired (−6.8- to −2.4-fold change) in comparison to the wild type strain, in both PCs and TSB. Through the well-established superantigen mechanism of SEs, we propose three roles for SEs during biofilm development in PCs: (1) provide a scaffold for biofilm matrix, (2) mediate cell-to-cell aggregation, and (3) guarantee biofilm survival. Furthermore, SE contribution to both growth and biofilm development seems to be centrally regulated by agr via quorum sensing and by saeSR and sigB. This study reveals new roles for SEs, which enforce their relevance in ensuring PC safety for transfusion patients. It further deciphers the underlying reasons for failed S. aureus detection in PCs during screening with automated culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ighem Chi
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K2E 8A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandra Ramirez-Arcos
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K2E 8A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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118
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Kula N, Lamch Ł, Futoma-Kołoch B, Wilk KA, Obłąk E. The effectiveness of newly synthesized quaternary ammonium salts differing in chain length and type of counterion against priority human pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21799. [PMID: 36526659 PMCID: PMC9757636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) commonly occur as active substances in disinfectants. QAS have the important property of coating abiotic surfaces, which prevents adhesion of microorganisms, thus inhibiting biofilm formation. In this study, a group of nine monomeric QAS, differing in the structure and length of the aliphatic chain (C12, C14, C16) and the counterion (methylcarbonate, acetate, bromide), were investigated. The study included an analysis of their action against planktonic forms as well as bacterial biofilms. The compounds were tested for their anti-adhesion properties on stainless steel, polystyrene, silicone and glass surfaces. Moreover, mutagenicity analysis and evaluation of hemolytic properties were performed. It was found that compounds with 16-carbon hydrophobic chains were the most promising against both planktonic forms and biofilms. Tested surfactants (C12, C14, C16) showed anti-adhesion activity but it was dependent on the type of the surface and strain used. The tested compounds at MIC concentrations did not cause hemolysis of sheep blood cells. The type of counterion was not as significant for the activity of the compound as the length of the hydrophobic aliphatic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kula
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Futoma-Kołoch
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A. Wilk
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Obłąk
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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119
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Fimbres-García JO, Flores-Sauceda M, Othon-Díaz ED, García-Galaz A, Tapia-Rodríguez MR, Silva-Espinoza BA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Facing Resistant Bacteria with Plant Essential Oils: Reviewing the Oregano Case. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121777. [PMID: 36551436 PMCID: PMC9774595 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global threat, and the misuse of antibiotics is considered its main cause. It is characterized by the expression of bacterial defense mechanisms, e.g., β-lactamases, expulsion pumps, and biofilm development. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are antibiotic-resistant species that cause high morbidity and mortality. Several alternatives are proposed to defeat antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant compounds. Terpenes from different plant essential oils have proven antimicrobial action against pathogenic bacteria, and evidence is being generated about their effect against antibiotic-resistant species. That is the case for oregano essential oil (Lippia graveolens), whose antibacterial effect is widely attributed to carvacrol, its main component; however, minor constituents could have an important contribution. The analyzed evidence reveals that most antibacterial evaluations have been performed on single species; however, it is necessary to analyze their activity against multispecies systems. Hence, another alternative is using plant compounds to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes and biofilms to potentiate antibiotics' effects. Despite the promising results of plant terpenes, more extensive and deep mechanistic studies are needed involving antibiotic-resistant multispecies to understand their full potential against this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O. Fimbres-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Marcela Flores-Sauceda
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Elsa Daniela Othon-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Alfonso García-Galaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Melvin R. Tapia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Jesus F. Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-6622892400 (ext. 430)
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Zaуtsev EM, Britsina MV, Ozeretskovskaya MN, Bazhanova IG. Effect of trypsin, lidase and fluimucil on the growth of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> biofilms on an abiotic substrate. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Study the effect of trypsin, lidase (hyaluronidase) and fluimucil (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) on the growth of biofilms of Bordetella pertussis strains on the abiotic substrate.
Materials and methods. In the experiments, the strains of the main B. pertussis serotypes isolated in the Russian Federation from whooping cough patients in 20012010 were used: No. 178 (serotype 1.2.0), No. 287 (serotype 1.0.3) and No. 317 (serotype 1.2.3), grown on a dense nutrient medium. The intensity of biofilm formation in a liquid nutrient medium in the presence of trypsin, lidase and fluimucil in round-bottomed polystyrene 96-well plates was estimated by staining with 0.1% gentian-violet solution.
Results. Trypsin suppressed the growth of biofilms and destroyed the formed biofilms. Lidase suppressed the growth of biofilms less actively, without affecting the formed biofilms. Fluimucil did not affect both the growth of biofilms and the formed biofilms. The growth of colonies typical for B. pertussis was noted when planting fluids from cultures in the presence of preparations, as well as from culture control wells on a dense nutrient medium.
Conclusion. The different effect of the drugs studied by us may be related to the different quantitative content of targets for trypsin (proteins), lidase (mucopolysaccharides, containing uronic acids), fluimucil (acid mucopolysaccharides) in the biofilm matrix. The growth of the typical morphological properties of the colony of B. pertussis during the sowing of culture seedlings on a dense nutrient medium testifies to the destruction of the biofilm matrix by trypsin and lidase in the absence of influence on plankton cells.
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121
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Shi X, Zarkan A. Bacterial survivors: evaluating the mechanisms of antibiotic persistence. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36748698 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria withstand antibiotic onslaughts by employing a variety of strategies, one of which is persistence. Persistence occurs in a bacterial population where a subpopulation of cells (persisters) survives antibiotic treatment and can regrow in a drug-free environment. Persisters may cause the recalcitrance of infectious diseases and can be a stepping stone to antibiotic resistance, so understanding persistence mechanisms is critical for therapeutic applications. However, current understanding of persistence is pervaded by paradoxes that stymie research progress, and many aspects of this cellular state remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the putative persister mechanisms, including toxin-antitoxin modules, quorum sensing, indole signalling and epigenetics, as well as the reasons behind the inconsistent body of evidence. We highlight present limitations in the field and underscore a clinical context that is frequently neglected, in the hope of supporting future researchers in examining clinically important persister mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Shi
- Cambridge Centre for International Research, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Ashraf Zarkan
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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122
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Gelston S, Flurin L, Raval YS, Greenwood‐Quaintance K, Patel R, Beyenal H. Efficacy and toxicity of hydrogen peroxide producing electrochemical bandages in a porcine explant biofilm model. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3755-3767. [PMID: 36073322 PMCID: PMC9671841 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Effects of H2 O2 producing electrochemical-bandages (e-bandages) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and biofilm removal were assessed using a porcine explant biofilm model. Transport of H2 O2 produced from the e-bandage into explant tissue and associated potential toxicity were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Viable prokaryotic cells from infected explants were quantified after 48 h treatment with e-bandages in three ex vivo S. aureus infection models: (1) reducing colonization, (2) removing young biofilms and (3) removing mature biofilms. H2 O2 concentration-depth profiles in explants/biofilms were measured using microelectrodes. Reductions in eukaryotic cell viability of polarized and nonpolarized noninfected explants were compared. e-Bandages effectively reduced S. aureus colonization (p = 0.029) and reduced the viable prokaryotic cell concentrations of young biofilms (p = 0.029) with limited effects on mature biofilms (p > 0.1). H2 O2 penetrated biofilms and explants and reduced eukaryotic cell viability by 32-44% compared to nonpolarized explants. CONCLUSIONS H2 O2 producing e-bandages were most active when used to reduce colonization and remove young biofilms rather than to remove mature biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The described e-bandages reduced S. aureus colonization and young S. aureus biofilms in a porcine explant wound model, supporting their further development as an antibiotic-free alternative for managing biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yash S. Raval
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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123
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Qasemi A, Rahimi F, Katouli M. Clonal groups of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and biofilm producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:485-497. [PMID: 34904540 PMCID: PMC9639551 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.2011578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of a bacterium is affected by the social characteristics of the population and environmental factors. The ability of biofilm formation among β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) could facilitate the exchange of antibiotic-resistance genes, which resulted in widespread dissemination of antibacterial drug resistance. We investigated the prevalence of biofilm and β-lactamase producing UPECs among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in two cities with different demographics and climates in Iran. A total of 265 E. coli was isolated from patients with UTIs from two referral hospitals (n = 191) and two outpatient clinics (n = 74) in Isfahan and Zahedan, Iran. Production of curli and cellulose, and, biofilm formation was investigated using Congo red agar and microtiter plate methods, respectively. Biofilm producing (BFP) isolates (n = 107) were further characterized using rep-PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC phenotypic production. Isolates were also screened for the presence of carbapenemase, ESBL and AmpC genes using multiplex PCR. High diversity was found among BFP strains in both cities, with 58% strains producing ESBL and 21% producing AmpC. ESBL (98%), AmpC (50%) and carbapenemase genes (40%) were identified in BFP strains with ESBL-positive phenotype, respectively. The prevalence of BFP strains, antibiotic resistance and β-lactamase genes in Zahedan, a low socioeconomic city with a warm climate, was significantly higher than that of Isfahan. High prevalence of biofilm and β-lactamase producing UPEC strains among strains from Zahedan suggests that socioeconomic status and environmental factors might have a role in pathogenicity of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qasemi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fateh Rahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,CONTACT Fateh Rahimi ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Katouli
- Genecology Research Center and School of Science, Technology and Education,University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Almas T, Haider R, Malik J, Mehmood A, Alvi A, Naz H, Satti DI, Zaidi SMJ, AlSubai AK, AlNajdi S, Alsufyani R, Ramtohul RK, Almesri A, Alsufyani M, H. Al-Bunnia A, Alghamdi HAS, Sattar Y, Alraies MC, Raina S. Nanotechnology in interventional cardiology: A state-of-the-art review. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 43:101149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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125
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Al-Qubaisey M, Khounganian R, Al-Badah A, Ali R. Topographical and Ultrastructural Evaluation of Titanium Plates Coated with PLGA, Chitosan, and/or Meropenem: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120220. [PMID: 36547036 PMCID: PMC9776826 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the topographical and ultrastructural architecture of titanium plates coated with polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA), chitosan (CH), and/or meropenem (MEM) with or without Staphylococcus aureus (SA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteria. Single-hole segments of 0.4 mm thick, low-profile titanium plates were spray coated using an airbrush with polymeric carriers (PLGA or CH) loaded with MEM, in addition to the negative control group (uncoated titanium plates). The coated plates and the negative control group were subjected to bacterial biofilms through a cultivation process while being slowly stirred at 20 rpm for 24 h. The samples were fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopic study at 5, 10, and 20 k magnification. The data were statistically analyzed to compare within and between the different materials. Coating titanium plates with PLGA or CH with MEM appeared to enhance bacterial inhibition over uncoated plates, hindering biofilm formation and preventing bacterial proliferation. In the staphylococcus aureus group, the highest bacterial count was observed in the uncoated plates, whereas the lowest count was detected in meropenem-PLGA, followed by PLGA, chitosan, meropenem, and meropenem-chitosan, respectively. On the other hand, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa group with the uncoated plates had the highest bacterial count, whereas the lowest bacterial count was found related to CH, followed by PLGA, MP, MC, and MEM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Qubaisey
- Department of Dentistry, Riyadh 2nd Health Cluster, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rita Khounganian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakim Al-Badah
- Microbiology Laboratory, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Falà AK, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Filloux A, Gahan CGM, Cotter PD. Quorum sensing in human gut and food microbiomes: Significance and potential for therapeutic targeting. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002185. [PMID: 36504831 PMCID: PMC9733432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut and food microbiomes interact during digestion. The outcome of these interactions influences the taxonomical composition and functional capacity of the resident human gut microbiome, with potential consequential impacts on health and disease. Microbe-microbe interactions between the resident and introduced microbiomes, which likely influence host colonisation, are orchestrated by environmental conditions, elements of the food matrix, host-associated factors as well as social cues from other microorganisms. Quorum sensing is one example of a social cue that allows bacterial communities to regulate genetic expression based on their respective population density and has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. By interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, for instance, enzymatic degradation of signalling molecules (quorum quenching) or the application of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds, it may be possible to modulate the microbial composition of communities of interest without incurring negative effects associated with traditional antimicrobial approaches. In this review, we summarise and critically discuss the literature relating to quorum sensing from the perspective of the interactions between the food and human gut microbiome, providing a general overview of the current understanding of the prevalence and influence of quorum sensing in this context, and assessing the potential for therapeutic targeting of quorum sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kate Falà
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cormac G. M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland,*Correspondence: Paul D. Cotter,
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de Brito FAE, de Freitas APP, Nascimento MS. Multidrug-Resistant Biofilms (MDR): Main Mechanisms of Tolerance and Resistance in the Food Supply Chain. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121416. [PMID: 36558750 PMCID: PMC9784232 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are mono- or multispecies microbial communities enclosed in an extracellular matrix (EPS). They have high potential for dissemination and are difficult to remove. In addition, biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs) are even more aggravated if we consider antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as an important public health issue. Quorum sensing (QS) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are mechanisms that significantly contribute to the recalcitrance (resistance and tolerance) of biofilms, making them more robust and resistant to conventional sanitation methods. These mechanisms coordinate different strategies involved in AMR, such as activation of a quiescent state of the cells, moderate increase in the expression of the efflux pump, decrease in the membrane potential, antimicrobial inactivation, and modification of the antimicrobial target and the architecture of the EPS matrix itself. There are few studies investigating the impact of the use of inhibitors on the mechanisms of recalcitrance and its impact on the microbiome. Therefore, more studies to elucidate the effect and applications of these methods in the food production chain and the possible combination with antimicrobials to establish new strategies to control MDR biofilms are needed.
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128
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Zamora-Mendoza L, Guamba E, Miño K, Romero MP, Levoyer A, Alvarez-Barreto JF, Machado A, Alexis F. Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Fibers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227999. [PMID: 36432099 PMCID: PMC9699224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), or nosocomial infections, are a global health and economic problem in developed and developing countries, particularly for immunocompromised patients in their intensive care units (ICUs) and surgical site hospital areas. Recurrent pathogens in HAIs prevail over antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this reason, natural antibacterial mechanisms are a viable alternative for HAI treatment. Natural fibers can inhibit bacterial growth, which can be considered a great advantage in these applications. Moreover, these fibers have been reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable, essential features for biomedical materials to avoid complications due to infections and significant immune responses. Consequently, tissue engineering, medical textiles, orthopedics, and dental implants, as well as cosmetics, are fields currently expanding the use of plant fibers. In this review, we will discuss the source of natural fibers with antimicrobial properties, antimicrobial mechanisms, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Zamora-Mendoza
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Guamba
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Karla Miño
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Maria Paula Romero
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Anghy Levoyer
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - José F. Alvarez-Barreto
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Frank Alexis
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
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Abdel Bar FM, Alossaimi MA, Elekhnawy E, Alzeer MAA, Abo Kamer A, Moglad E, ElNaggar MH. Anti-Quorum Sensing and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Pelargonium × hortorum Root Extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Combinatorial Effect of Catechin and Gallic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227841. [PMID: 36431942 PMCID: PMC9695561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HPLC-UV was used to compare the major constituents of two Pelargonium × hortorum cultivars and Pelargonium sidoides root extract. It revealed the presence of catechin and gallic acid in high concentrations and the absence of umckalin in P. × hortorum root extracts. The antibacterial activity of these extracts was screened against 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. P. × hortorum root extracts showed the lowest MIC values (512-1024 µg/mL). This activity was concluded to be attributable to the high concentrations of catechin and gallic acid. The anti-biofilm activity of catechin, gallic acid, and their combination was examined by a crystal violet assay. The combination reduced the percentage of strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates from 52.63% to 5.26%. The impact on lasI and lasR genes expression using qRT-PCR and simultaneous docking against LasR protein was explored. The combination downregulated lasI and lasR gene expression in eight and six P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively, and showed the greatest docking score. Additionally, the in vivo protection capability of this combination in infected mice showed enhancement in the survival rate. Our study revealed the potential biofilm and quorum-sensing-inhibitory activity of the catechin and gallic acid combination as a novel alternative to inhibit bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54540-3617
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Abo Kamer
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai H. ElNaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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130
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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131
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Akbarian M, Chen SH, Kianpour M, Farjadian F, Tayebi L, Uversky VN. A review on biofilms and the currently available antibiofilm approaches: Matrix-destabilizing hydrolases and anti-bacterial peptides as promising candidates for the food industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1163-1179. [PMID: 36058386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that can be harmful and/or beneficial, depending on location and cell content. Since in most cases (such as the formation of biofilms in laboratory/medicinal equipment, water pipes, high humidity-placed structures, and the food packaging machinery) these bacterial and fungal communities are troublesome, researchers in various fields are trying to find a promising strategy to destroy or slow down their formation. In general, anti-biofilm strategies are divided into the plant-based and non-plant categories, with the latter including nanoparticles, bacteriophages, enzymes, surfactants, active peptides and free fatty acids. In most cases, using a single strategy will not be sufficient to eliminate biofilm, and consequently, two or more strategies will inevitably be used to deal with this unwanted phenomenon. According to the analysis of potential biofilm inhibition strategies, the best option for the food industry would be the use of hydrolase enzymes and peptides extracted from natural sources. This article represents a systematic review of the previous efforts made in these directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Maryam Kianpour
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
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132
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Riester O, Burkhardtsmaier P, Gurung Y, Laufer S, Deigner HP, Schmidt MS. Synergy of R-(-)carvone and cyclohexenone-based carbasugar precursors with antibiotics to enhance antibiotic potency and inhibit biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18019. [PMID: 36289389 PMCID: PMC9606123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in recent decades has been a major factor in the emergence of antibiotic resistances. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose increasing challenges to healthcare systems in both developing and developed countries. To counteract this, the development of new antibiotics or adjuvants to combat existing resistance to antibiotics is crucial. Glycomimetics, for example carbasugars, offer high potential as adjuvants, as they can inhibit metabolic pathways or biofilm formation due to their similarity to natural substrates. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of carbasugar precursors (CSPs) and their application as biofilm inhibitors for E. coli and MRSA, as well as their synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics to circumvent biofilm-induced antibiotic resistances. This results in a biofilm reduction of up to 70% for the CSP rac-7 and a reduction in bacterial viability of MRSA by approximately 45% when combined with the otherwise ineffective antibiotic mixture of penicillin and streptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Riester
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Burkhardtsmaier
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Yuna Gurung
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery and Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Faculty of Science, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI (Leipzig), Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Magnus S. Schmidt
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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133
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Liu S, Le Mauff F, Sheppard DC, Zhang S. Filamentous fungal biofilms: Conserved and unique aspects of extracellular matrix composition, mechanisms of drug resistance and regulatory networks in Aspergillus fumigatus. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:83. [PMID: 36261442 PMCID: PMC9581972 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is an ubiquitous mold that can cause invasive pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. Within the lung, A. fumigatus forms biofilms that can enhance resistance to antifungals and immune defenses, highlighting the importance of defining the mechanisms underlying biofilm development and associated emergent properties. A. fumigatus biofilms display a morphology and architecture that is distinct from bacterial and yeast biofilms. Moreover, A. fumigatus biofilms display unique characteristics in the composition of their extracellular matrix (ECM) and the regulatory networks governing biofilm formation. This review will discuss our current understanding of the form and function of A. fumigatus biofilms, including the unique components of ECM matrix, potential drug resistance mechanisms, the regulatory networks governing A. fumigatus biofilm formation, and potential therapeutics targeting these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Francois Le Mauff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Shizhu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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134
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Mastoor S, Nazim F, Rizwan-ul-Hasan S, Ahmed K, Khan S, Ali SN, Abidi SH. Analysis of the Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Natural Compounds and Their Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206874. [PMID: 36296467 PMCID: PMC9610881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections. With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), there is an urgent need to discover novel inhibitory compounds against this clinically important pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of 11 compounds, including phenyl propenes and phenolic aldehydes, eugenol, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylaldehyde, vanillin, cinnamoyl acid, and aldehydes, against drug-resistant S. aureus isolates. (2) Methods: Thirty-two clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from Alkhidmat Diagnostic Center and Blood Bank, Karachi, Pakistan, and screened for biofilm-forming potential, and susceptibility/resistance against ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amikacin, cephalothin, clindamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Subsequently, 5 representative clinical isolates were selected and used to test the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of 11 compounds using both qualitative and quantitative assays, followed by qPCR analysis to examine the differences in the expression levels of biofilm-forming genes (ica-A, fnb-B, clf-A and cna) in treated (with natural compounds and their derivatives) and untreated isolates. (3) Results: All isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant and dominant biofilm formers. The individual Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of natural compounds and their analogues ranged from 0.75−160 mg/mL. Furthermore, the compounds, Salicylaldehyde (SALI), Vanillin (VAN), α-methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde (A-MT), and trans-4-nitrocinnamic acid (T4N) exhibited significant (15−92%) biofilm inhibition/reduction percentage capacity at the concentration of 1−10 mg/mL. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylaldehyde, α-methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde, and α-bromo-trans-cinnamaldehyde resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the expression of ica-A, clf-A, and fnb-A genes compared to the untreated resistant isolate. (4) Conclusions: The natural compounds and their analogues used in this study exhibited significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus. Biofilms persist as the main concern in clinical settings. These compounds may serve as potential candidate drug molecules against biofilm forming S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Mastoor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Nazim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nawazish Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
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135
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Bu F, Liu M, Xie Z, Chen X, Li G, Wang X. Targeted Anti-Biofilm Therapy: Dissecting Targets in the Biofilm Life Cycle. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1253. [PMID: 36297365 PMCID: PMC9611117 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a crucial virulence factor for microorganisms that causes chronic infection. After biofilm formation, the bacteria present improve drug tolerance and multifactorial defense mechanisms, which impose significant challenges for the use of antimicrobials. This indicates the urgent need for new targeted technologies and emerging therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the current biofilm-targeting strategies and those under development, including targeting persistent cells, quorum quenching, and phage therapy. We emphasize biofilm-targeting technologies that are supported by blocking the biofilm life cycle, providing a theoretical basis for design of targeting technology that disrupts the biofilm and promotes practical application of antibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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136
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Intimin (eae) and virulence membrane protein pagC genes are associated with biofilm formation and multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from calves with diarrhea. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:321. [PMID: 36221149 PMCID: PMC9552474 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association of the intimin (eae) and pagC genes with biofilm formation and multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica collected from calves with diarrhea. Results Fecal samples (n: 150) were collected from calves with diarrhea. Of 150 fecal samples, 122 (81.3%) were culture positive and 115/122 (94.2%) were Gram-negative bacteria. Among them, E. coli (n = 64/115, 55.6%) was the most common isolate followed by S. enterica (n = 41/115, 35.6%). Also, 10 (8.6%) isolates were other Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Klebsiella and Proteus species. Eighty-nine isolates (77.4%) from calf diarrhea, including 52 (81.3%) E. coli and 37 (90.2%) S. enterica were MDR. The eae and pagC genes were detected in 33 (51.5%) E. coli and 28 (68.3%) S. enterica isolates, respectively. There was a strong association between these genes and biofilm formation and MDR phenotype (P-value = 0.000). All E. coli isolates carrying the eae gene were biofilm producers and MDR. Also, all pagC-positive S. enterica isolates were MDR and 25 (89.3%) isolates of them produced biofilm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06218-6.
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Paleczny J, Brożyna M, Dudek-Wicher R, Dydak K, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M, Madziała M, Bartoszewicz M, Junka A. The Medium Composition Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics Applied in the Treatment of Bone Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911564. [PMID: 36232864 PMCID: PMC9569719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm-associated infections of bones are life-threatening diseases, requiring application of dedicated antibiotics in order to counteract the tissue damage and spread of microorganisms. The in vitro analyses on biofilm formation and susceptibility to antibiotics are frequently carried out using methods that do not reflect conditions at the site of infection. To evaluate the influence of nutrient accessibility on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development in vitro, a cohesive set of analyses in three different compositional media was performed. Next, the efficacy of four antibiotics used in bone infection treatment, including gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, against staphylococcal biofilm, was also assessed. The results show a significant reduction in the ability of biofilm to grow in a medium containing elements occurring in the serum, which also translated into the diversified changes in the efficacy of used antibiotics, compared to the setting in which conventional media were applied. The differences indicate the need for implementation of adequate in vitro models that closely mimic the infection site. The results of the present research may be considered an essential step toward the development of in vitro analyses aiming to accurately indicate the most suitable antibiotic to be applied against biofilm-related infections of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paleczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Brożyna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ruth Dudek-Wicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Dydak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Madziała
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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138
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Tahir S, Emanuel S, Inglis DW, Vickery K, Deva AK, Hu H. Mild Positive Pressure Improves the Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090461. [PMID: 36135007 PMCID: PMC9495741 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current protocols using liquid disinfectants to disinfect heat-sensitive hospital items frequently fail, as evidenced by the continued isolation of bacteria following decontamination. The contamination is, in part, due to biofilm formation. We hypothesize that mild positive pressure (PP) will disrupt this biofilm structure and improve liquid disinfectant/detergent penetration to biofilm bacteria for improved killing. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, grown on polycarbonate coupons in the biofilm reactor under shear at 35 °C for 3 days, was treated for 10 min and 60 min with various dilutions of benzalkonium chloride without PP at 1 atmosphere (atm), and with PP at 3, 5, 7, and 10 atm. The effect on biofilm and residual bacterial viability was determined by standard plate counts, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Combined use of benzalkonium chloride and PP up to 10 atm significantly increased biofilm killing up to 4.27 logs, as compared to the treatment using disinfectant alone. Microscopy results were consistent with the viability plate count results. PP improved disinfectant efficacy against bacterial biofilm. The use of mild PP is possible in many flow situations or if equipment/contaminated surfaces can be placed in a pressure chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Tahir
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sarah Emanuel
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - David W. Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Karen Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anand K. Deva
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Honghua Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Dzib-Baak HE, Uc-Cachón AH, Dzul-Beh ADJ, Rosado-Manzano RF, Gracida-Osorno C, Molina-Salinas GM. Efficacy of Fosfomycin against Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated MDR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:235. [PMID: 36136646 PMCID: PMC9505523 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a severe public health problem and are caused mainly by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Antimicrobial resistance and limited development of new antimicrobials have led to the reuse of old antibiotics such as fosfomycin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of fosfomycin on a collection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC and the degradative activity on biofilm producers. A total of 100 MDR UPEC clinical isolates were collected from patients at Mexican second- and third-level hospitals. Microorganism identification was performed using an automated system, the evaluation of the susceptibility of clinical isolates to fosfomycin was performed using the resazurin microtiter assay, and the identification of biofilm producers and the effect of fosfomycin in biofilms were evaluated using the crystal violet method. Among planktonic MDR UPEC, 93% were susceptible to fosfomycin. Eighty-three MDR UPEC were categorized as weak (39.8%), moderate (45.2%), and strong (14.5%) biofilm producers. Fosfomycin exhibited degradative activity ranging from 164.4 µg/mL to 1045 µg/mL. Weak producers required statistically lower concentrations of fosfomycin to destroy the biofilm, contrary to moderate and strong producers. In conclusion, fosfomycin could be an option for the treatment of infections caused by MDR UPEC, for which the antimicrobial treatment is more often becoming limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haziel Eleazar Dzib-Baak
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Mexico
| | | | - Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Gracida-Osorno
- Hospital General Regional No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Mexico
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Rima M, Chbani A, Roques C, El Garah F. Seaweed Extracts as an Effective Gateway in the Search for Novel Antibiofilm Agents against Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172285. [PMID: 36079667 PMCID: PMC9459781 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of biofilm-associated infections has become a major challenge in biomedical and clinical fields due to the failure of conventional treatments in controlling this highly complex and tolerant structure. Therefore, the search for novel antibiofilm agents with increased efficacy as those provided by natural products, presents an urgent need. The aim of this study was to explore extracts derived from three algae (green Ulva lactuca, brown Stypocaulon scoparium, red Pterocladiella capillacea) for their potential antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, bacterium responsible for several acute and chronic infections. Seaweed extracts were prepared by successive maceration in various solvents (cyclohexane (CH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol (MeOH)). The ability of the different extracts to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts method supported by epifluorescence microscopic analysis. Effects of active extracts on the biofilm growth cycle, as well as on S. aureus surface hydrophobicity were evaluated. Results revealed the ability of four extracts to significantly inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. These findings were supported by microscopy analyses. The gradual increase in the number of adherent bacteria when the selected extracts were added at various times (t0, t2h, t4h, t6h, and t24h) revealed their potential effect on the initial adhesion and proliferation stages of S. aureus biofilm development. Interestingly, a significant reduction in the surface hydrophobicity of S. aureus treated with dichloromethane (DCM) extract derived from U. lactuca was demonstrated. These findings present new insights into the exploration of seaweeds as a valuable source of antibiofilm agents with preventive effect by inhibiting and/or delaying biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Asma Chbani
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima El Garah
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-562-25-68-55
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141
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Tabassum N, Mishra A, Kim YM. Filamentous morphology of bacterial pathogens: regulatory factors and control strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5835-5862. [PMID: 35989330 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that when exposed to physical, chemical, and biological stresses in the environment, many bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) change their morphology from a normal cell to a filamentous shape. The formation of filamentous morphology is one of the survival strategies against environmental stress and protection against phagocytosis or protist predators. Numerous pathogenic bacteria have shown filamentous morphologies when examined in vivo or in vitro. During infection, certain pathogenic bacteria adopt a filamentous shape inside the cell to avoid phagocytosis by immune cells. Filamentous morphology has also been seen in biofilms formed on biotic or abiotic surfaces by certain bacteria. As a result, in addition to protecting against phagocytosis by immune cells or predators, the filamentous shape aids in biofilm adhesion or colonization to biotic or abiotic surfaces. Furthermore, these filamentous morphologies of bacterial pathogens lead to antimicrobial drug resistance. Clinically, filamentous morphology has become one of the most serious challenges in treating bacterial infection. The current review went into great detail about the various factors involved in the change of filamentous morphology and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the review discussed a control strategy for suppressing filamentous morphology in order to combat bacterial infections. Understanding the mechanism underlying the filamentous morphology induced by various environmental conditions will aid in drug development and lessen the virulence of bacterial pathogens. KEY POINTS: • The bacterial filamentation morphology is one of the survival mechanisms against several environmental stress conditions and protection from phagocytosis by host cells and protist predators. • The filamentous morphologies in bacterial pathogens contribute to enhanced biofilm formation, which develops resistance properties against antimicrobial drugs. • Filamentous morphology has become one of the major hurdles in treating bacterial infection, hence controlling strategies employed for inhibiting the filamentation morphology from combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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142
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Lin WF, Guo HQ, Zhu LJ, Yang K, Li HZ, Cui L. Temporal variation of antibiotic resistome and pathogens in food waste during short-term storage. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129261. [PMID: 35739780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The massive food wastes pose a growing health concern for spreading of antibiotic resistance and pathogens due to food spoilage. However, little is known about these microbial hazards during collection, classification, and transportation before eventual treatment. Here, we profiled the temporal variations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens, bacterial and fungal communities across four typical food wastes (vegetable, fish, meat, and rice) during storage at room temperature in summer (maximum 28-29 °C) of typical southeast city in China. A total of 171 ARGs and 32 mobile genetic elements were detected, and the absolute abundance of ARGs significantly increased by up to 126-fold with the storage time. Additionally, five bacterial pathogens containing virulence factor genes were detected, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was persistently detected throughout the storage time in all food types except rice. Moreover, fungal pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium) were also frequently detected. Notably, animal food wastes were demonstrated to harbor higher abundance of ARGs and more types of pathogens, indicating a higher level of hazard. Mobile genetic elements and food types were demonstrated to mainly impact ARG profiles and pathogens, respectively. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the microbial hazards associated with food waste recycling, and will contribute to optimize the food waste management to ensure biosecurity and benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Qin Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long-Ji Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Zhe Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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143
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Egorova DA, Solovyev AI, Polyakov NB, Danilova KV, Scherbakova AA, Kravtsov IN, Dmitrieva MA, Rykova VS, Tutykhina IL, Romanova YM, Gintsburg AL. Biofilm matrix proteome of clinical strain of P. aeruginosa isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of patient in intensive care unit. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105714. [PMID: 35973647 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix plays a pivotal role in biofilm biology and proposed as a potential target for therapeutics development. As matrix is responsible for some extracellular functions and influence bacterial cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, it must have unique protein composition. P. aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens with emerging antibiotic resistance, but only a few studies were devoted to matrix proteomes and there are no studies describing matrix proteome for any clinical isolates except reference strains PAO1 and ATCC27853. Here we report the first biofilm matrix proteome of P. aeruginosa isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of patient in intensive care unit. We have identified the largest number of proteins in the matrix among all published studies devoted to P. aeruginosa biofilms. Comparison of matrix proteome with proteome from embedded cells let us to identify several enriched bioprocess groups. Bioprocess groups with the largest number of overrepresented in matrix proteins were oxidation-reduction processes, proteolysis, and transmembrane transport. The top three represented in matrix bioprocesses concerning the size of the GO annotated database were cell redox homeostasis, nucleoside metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Finally, we discuss the obtained data in a prism of antibiofilm therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Egorova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1).
| | - Andrey I Solovyev
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Nikita B Polyakov
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Ksenya V Danilova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Anastasya A Scherbakova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Ivan N Kravtsov
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Maria A Dmitrieva
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Valentina S Rykova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Irina L Tutykhina
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Yulia M Romanova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1); I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia(2)
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1); I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia(2)
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144
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Vasiee A, Falah F, Mortazavi SA. Evaluation of probiotic potential of autochthonous lactobacilli strains isolated from Zabuli yellow kashk, an Iranian dairy product. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3201-3214. [PMID: 35957557 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was evaluating the probiotic potential and anti-biofilm activity of five lactobacilli strains which isolated and identified from an Iranian product. METHODS AND RESULTS Five lactobacilli strains which were isolated from Zabuli yellow kashk, were evaluated for the presence of probiotic properties, such as resistance to low pH, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, bile salt tolerance, hydrophobicity, auto- and co-aggregation. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility, adherence to Caco-2 cells (human colon cancer cell line), anti-adhesion activity, ability against biofilm formation, and biofilm degradation of mentioned strains against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1707 were assessed. All the strains tested showed acceptable characteristics, but Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TW57-4 appeared of particular interest. Some probiotic properties of this strain were similar and in some cases higher than the commercial probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (standard sample). Cholesterol assimilation and radical-scavenging activity of Lpb. plantarum TW57-4 were70.2 % and 62.3 %, respectively. The adhesion degree of Lpb. plantarum TW57-4 was 10.6 %. Applying competition and inhibition assay, this strain showed 55.3 % and 62.3 % of competition and inhibition activity in adhesion of P. aeruginosa PTCC 1707 to the intestinal cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Lpb. plantarum TW57-4 strain can be used as a promising candidate for in-vivo studies with the aim of developing new probiotic starter cultures. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The present study furthers our understanding of lactobacilli strains behavior after consumption to establish their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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145
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2210-2234. [PMID: 35945912 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyze the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance wasn't clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.,Present Address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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146
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Assefa M, Amare A. Biofilm-Associated Multi-Drug Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5061-5068. [PMID: 36068834 PMCID: PMC9441148 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s379502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) that increase patient morbidity and mortality rates and economic burdens such as high healthcare costs and prolonged hospital stay. This review focuses on the burden of bacterial biofilm in the hospital settings, their impact on the emergence of MDR in the HAIs, biofilm detection methods, recent approaches against biofilms, and future perspectives. The prevalence of biofilm-associated MDR among HAIs ranges from 17.9% to 100.0% worldwide. The predominant bacterial isolates causing HAIs in recently published studies were S. aureus, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. In addition to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods to detect biofilm formation, advanced PCR-based techniques have been performed for detecting biofilm-associated genes. Although there are suggested therapeutic strategies against biofilms, further confirmation of their efficacy for in vivo application and antibiotics targeting biofilm-associated genes/proteins to minimize treatment failure is required for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluneh Assefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Muluneh Assefa, Tel +251945572632, Email
| | - Azanaw Amare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kashyap S, Sidhu H, Sharma P, Capalash N. 3-indoleacetonitrile attenuates biofilm formation and enhances sensitivity to imipenem in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6648707. [PMID: 35867872 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii poses a global danger due to its ability to resist most of the currently available antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the rise of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates has limited the treatment options available. In the present study, plant auxin 3-indoleacetonitrile was found to inhibit biofilm formation and motility of A. baumannii at sub-lethal concentration. Mechanistically, 3-indoleacetonitrile inhibited the synthesis of the quorum sensing signal 3-OH-C12-HSL by downregulating the expression of the abaI autoinducer synthase gene. 3-indoleacetonitrile was found to reduce MIC of A. baumannii ATCC 17 978 against imipenem, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and levofloxacin, and significantly decreased persistence against imipenem. Inhibition of efflux pumps by down-regulating genes expression may be responsible for enhanced sensitivity and low persistence. 3-indoleacetonitrile reduced the resistance to imipenem in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates by down-regulating the expression of OXA β-lactamases (blaoxa-51 and blaoxa-23), outer membrane protein carO and transporter protein adeB. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 3-indoleacetonitrile which could be explored as an adjuvant with antibiotics for controlling A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
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The Association between Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance with Possible Ingenious Bio-Remedial Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070930. [PMID: 35884186 PMCID: PMC9312340 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm has garnered a lot of interest due to concerns in various sectors such as public health, medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry. Biofilm-producing bacteria show a remarkable drug resistance capability, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This results in enormous economic pressure on the healthcare sector. The development of biofilms is a complex phenomenon governed by multiple factors. Several attempts have been made to unravel the events of biofilm formation; and, such efforts have provided insights into the mechanisms to target for the therapy. Owing to the fact that the biofilm-state makes the bacterial pathogens significantly resistant to antibiotics, targeting pathogens within biofilm is indeed a lucrative prospect. The available drugs can be repurposed to eradicate the pathogen, and as a result, ease the antimicrobial treatment burden. Biofilm formers and their infections have also been found in plants, livestock, and humans. The advent of novel strategies such as bioinformatics tools in treating, as well as preventing, biofilm formation has gained a great deal of attention. Development of newfangled anti-biofilm agents, such as silver nanoparticles, may be accomplished through omics approaches such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Nanoparticles’ anti-biofilm properties could help to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This approach may also be integrated for a better understanding of biofilm biology, guided by mechanistic understanding, virtual screening, and machine learning in silico techniques for discovering small molecules in order to inhibit key biofilm regulators. This stimulated research is a rapidly growing field for applicable control measures to prevent biofilm formation. Therefore, the current article discusses the current understanding of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial biofilm, and the novel therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-mediated infections.
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149
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Dehbanipour R, Ghalavand Z. Anti-virulence therapeutic strategies against bacterial infections: recent advances. Germs 2022; 12:262-275. [PMID: 36504617 PMCID: PMC9719373 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has become a major global healthcare problem. According to the World Health Organization if these trends continue, mortality from infection in 2050 will be higher than that from cancer. Microorganisms have various resistance mechanisms against different classes of antibiotics that emphasize the need for discovery of new antimicrobial compounds to treat bacterial infections. An interesting and new strategy for disarming pathogens is antivirulence therapy by blocking bacterial virulence factors or pathogenicity. Therefore, the use of these new pathoblockers could reduce the administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and prevalence of resistant strains. This review provides an overview of the antivirulence strategies published studies between years 2017 and 2021. Most antivirulence strategies focused on adhesins, toxins and bacterial communication. Additionally, targeting two-component systems and ncRNA elements were also examined in some studies. These new strategies have the potential to replace traditional antimicrobial agents and can be used to treat infections, especially infections caused by resistant pathogens, by targeting virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Dehbanipour
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Koodakyar St, Tabnak Blv., Yaman Av., Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Koodakyar St, Tabnak Blv., Yaman Av., Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Zohreh Ghalavand,
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Sionov RV, Steinberg D. Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1239. [PMID: 35744757 PMCID: PMC9228545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Besides reduced penetration of antibiotics through the intricate structure of the biofilms, the sessile biofilm-embedded bacteria show reduced metabolic activity making them intrinsically less sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, they frequently express elevated levels of efflux pumps that extrude antibiotics, thereby reducing their intracellular levels. Some efflux pumps are involved in the secretion of QS compounds and biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances from the bacteria. Some efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown to both prevent biofilm formation and sensitize the bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, QS inhibitors or quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements that regulate QS and biofilm formation might be a promising approach to combat antibiotic-resistant biofilm-related bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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