101
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Myrtollari K, Katsoulakis N, Zarafeta D, Pavlidis IV, Skretas G, Smonou I. Activity and specificity studies of the new thermostable esterase EstDZ2. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104214. [PMID: 32927128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the activity and specificity of EstDZ2, a new thermostable carboxyl esterase of unknown function, which was isolated from a metagenome library from a Russian hot spring. The biocatalytic reaction employing EstDZ2 proved to be an efficient method for the hydrolysis of aryl p-, o- or m-substituted esters of butyric acid and esters of secondary alcohols. Docking studies revealed structural features of the enzyme that led to activity differences among the different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamela Myrtollari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, University Campus-Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, University Campus-Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Zarafeta
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis V Pavlidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, University Campus-Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Smonou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, University Campus-Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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102
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de Oliveira JM, Fernandes P, Benevides RG, de Assis SA. Production, characterization, and immobilization of protease from the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1033-1043. [PMID: 32918838 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The protease was produced extracellularly in submerged fermentation by the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola using different sources of nitrogen and maximum activity (6.54 × 10-3 U/mg) was obtained in medium containing 2% casein (w/v). Purification of the protease by gel filtration chromatography resulted in a 3.07-fold increase of specific protease activity. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 6.51 and 63.04 °C, respectively. Incubation in the presence of some salts enhanced enzyme activity, which peaked under 0.01 M BaCl2 . The enzyme retained about 90% of enzymatic activity at temperatures 50-60 °C. The commercially available enzyme carriers evaluated, silica gel, Celite 545, and chitosan effectively immobilized the protease. The enzyme immobilized in Celite 545 retained 73.53% of the initial activity after 15 reuse cycles. These results are quite promising for large-scale production and immobilization of protease from R. oryzicola, as the high operational stability of the immobilized enzyme lowers production costs in biotechnological applications that require high enzymatic activity and stability under high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mota de Oliveira
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guimarães Benevides
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- Enzymology and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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103
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Jain P, Sharma S, Kumar N, Misra N. Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of bidentate thiosemicarbazone ligand: Synthesis, structural, theoretical, biological studies and molecular modeling. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM‐IST NCR Campus Ghaziabad Delhi 201204 India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, SRM‐IST NCR Campus Ghaziabad Delhi 201204 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM‐IST NCR Campus Ghaziabad Delhi 201204 India
| | - Namita Misra
- Residential Complex IIT Jodhpur Jodhpur 342037 India
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104
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
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105
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Alves NR, Pereira MM, Giordano RLC, Tardioli PW, Lima ÁS, Soares CMF, Souza RL. Design for preparation of more active cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Burkholderia cepacia lipase using palm fiber residue. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:57-66. [PMID: 32767112 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new design of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) based mainly on the use of lignocellulosic residue of palm fiber as an additive was proposed. Different parameters for the preparation of active CLEAs in the hydrolysis of olive oil, such as precipitation agents, crosslinking agent concentration, additives, and coating agents were investigated. The highest activity yield (121.1 ± 0.1%) and volumetric activity (1578.1 ± 2.5 U/mL) were achieved for CLEAs prepared using the combination of a coating step with Triton® X-100 and polyethyleneimine plus the use of palm fiber as an additive. The variations of the secondary structures of BCL-CLEAs were analyzed by second-derivative infrared spectra, mainly indicating a reduction of the α-helix structure, which was responsible for the lipase activation in the supramolecular structure of the CLEAs. Thus, these results provided evidence of an innovative design of BCL-CLEAs as a sustainable and biocompatible opportunity for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda R Alves
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel L C Giordano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química (PPG-EQ), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DEQ/UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Paulo W Tardioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química (PPG-EQ), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DEQ/UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia E Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, ITP, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia E Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, ITP, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ranyere L Souza
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. .,ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia E Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, ITP, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
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106
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Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Muñumer P, Beloqui A. Tunable Polymeric Scaffolds for Enzyme Immobilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:830. [PMID: 32850710 PMCID: PMC7406678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of methodologies for the immobilization of enzymes using polymeric supports is continuously growing due to the developments in the fields of biotechnology, polymer chemistry, and nanotechnology in the last years. Despite being excellent catalysts, enzymes are very sensitive molecules and can undergo denaturation beyond their natural environment. For overcoming this issue, polymer chemistry offers a wealth of opportunities for the successful combination of enzymes with versatile natural or synthetic polymers. The fabrication of functional, stable, and robust biocatalytic hybrid materials (nanoparticles, capsules, hydrogels, or films) has been proven advantageous for several applications such as biomedicine, organic synthesis, biosensing, and bioremediation. In this review, supported with recent examples of enzyme-protein hybrids, we provide an overview of the methods used to combine both macromolecules, as well as the future directions and the main challenges that are currently being tackled in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Muñumer
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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107
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Ariaeenejad S, Lanjanian H, Motamedi E, Kavousi K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Hosseini Salekdeh G. The Stabilizing Mechanism of Immobilized Metagenomic Xylanases on Bio-Based Hydrogels to Improve Utilization Performance: Computational and Functional Perspectives. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2158-2171. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 31359, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145, Iran
| | - Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 31359, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 31359, Iran
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia
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108
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Novel thermostable lipase produced by a thermo-halophilic bacterium that catalyses hydrolytic and transesterification reactions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04520. [PMID: 32743102 PMCID: PMC7385455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase belongs to the class of hydrolytic enzymes that are widely used in the biotechnology industries. The goal of this research was to purify and characterize lipase produced from a thermo-halophilic bacterium, namely Pria Laot Sabang 80 (PLS 80). Purification was performed using ammonium sulphate fractionation, followed by gel filtration chromatography using Sepharose Cl-6B. After purification, the enzyme had a specific activity of 326.6 U/mg with a purity of 6.02 higher than the crude extract; with a molecular weight of around 50 kDa. The optimum activity was observed at 70 °C and pH 9. The activity increased in the presence of 10 mM Mn2+, K+ and Ca2+ ions, while Hg2+ only slightly increased the enzyme activity. In contrast, the activity decreased in 10 mM Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, EDTA, and PMSF. The enzyme showed good hydrolytic activity on long fatty acids substrates (p-nitrophenyl palmitate) with a value of 35.5 U/mL. It was also able to catalyze a transesterification reaction. GC-MS result showed that the biodiesel consisted of methyl octanoate (5.3%), methyl caprate (12.4%), methyl laurate (34.1%), methyl myristate (10.7%), methyl palmitate (3.9%), and methyl stearate (1.2%) when using coconut oil as the substrate. The results suggested that the lipase from PLS 80 had unique attributes that could be useful in various industrial applications.
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109
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Leite AET, Briganti L, de Araújo EA, Pellegrini VDOA, Camilo CM, Polikarpov I. Low-resolution molecular shape, biochemical characterization and emulsification properties of a halotolerant esterase from Bacillus licheniformis. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:435-447. [PMID: 32683479 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial esterases are highly versatile enzymes, currently widely used in detergents, biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers and as biocatalysts in paper and food industries. Present work describes heterologous expression, purification, and biophysical and biochemical characterization of a halotolerant esterase from Bacillus licheniformis (BlEstA). BlEstA preferentially cleaves pNP-octanoate and both activity and stability of the enzyme increased in the presence of 2 M NaCl, and also with several organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and DMSO). Furthermore, BlEstA has considerable emulsifying properties, particularly with olive oil as substrate. Our studies also show that the enzyme is monomeric in solution and its small-angle X-ray scattering low-resolution molecular envelope fits well its high-resolution homology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa T Leite
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Briganti
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cesar Moyses Camilo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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110
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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111
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Batista JM, Brandão-Costa RM, Carneiro da Cunha MN, Rodrigues HO, Porto AL. Purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular fructosyltransferase-rich extract produced by Aspergillus tamarii Kita UCP1279. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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112
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Silva MVC, Rosa CMR, Aguiar LG, Oliveira PC, Castro HF, Freitas L. Synthesis of Isopropyl Palmitate by Lipase Immobilized on a Magnetized Polymer Matrix. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus V. C. Silva
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Cintia M. R. Rosa
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Leandro G. Aguiar
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Pedro C. Oliveira
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Heizir F. Castro
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Larissa Freitas
- University of São Paulo Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
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113
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Bakri Y, Akeed Y, Jawhar M, Arabi M. EVALUATION OF XYLANASE PRODUCTION FROM FILAMENTOUS FUNGI WITH DIFFERENT LIFESTYLES. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase plays an important role in the food, feed, and pulp/paper industry. Filamentous fungi have been considered as useful producers of this enzyme from an industrial point of view, due to the fact that they excrete xylanases into the medium. In this study, four fungal species belonging to different genera, i.e. Aspergillus, Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, and Penicillium were isolated from different sources and compared for their ability to produce xylanase in submerged culture. The fungal species showed enzyme activity as determined by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. It was found that the two saprophytic Aspergillus strains, i.e A. terreus (Fss 129) and A. niger (SS7) had the highest xylanase activity of 474 and 294 U ml–1 at pH 7 and 8, respectively, in the presence of corn cob hulls after 120 h of incubation. The production of xylanase seemed to be strongly influenced by the interactive effect of initial pH on the fungi. Interestingly, xylanase was better produced by the saprophytic fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium than by the plant pathogenic ones of Cochliobolus and Pyrenophora. This work provides additional information to support future research on fungi with different lifestyles for food industrial production of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Bakri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus. Syria
| | - Y. Akeed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus. Syria
| | - M. Jawhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus. Syria
| | - M.I.E Arabi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus. Syria
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114
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Potential applications of extracellular enzymes from Streptomyces spp. in various industries. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1597-1615. [PMID: 32451592 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes produced from Streptomyces have the potential to replace toxic chemicals that are being used in various industries. The endorsement of this replacement has not received a better platform in developing countries. In this review, we have discussed the impact of chemicals and conventional practices on environmental health, and the role of extracellular enzymes to replace these practices. Burning of fossil fuels and agriculture residue is a global issue, but the production of biofuel using extracellular enzymes may be the single key to solve all these issues. We have discussed the replacement of hazardous chemicals with the use of xylanase, cellulase, and pectinase in food industries. In paper industries, delignification was done by the chemical treatment, but xylanase and laccase have the efficient potential to remove the lignin from pulp. In textile industries, the conventional method includes the chemicals which affect the nervous system and other organs. The use of xylanase, cellulase, and pectinase in different processes can give a safe and environment-friendly option to textile industries. Hazardous chemical pesticides can be replaced by the use of chitinase as an insecticide and fungicide in agricultural practices.
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115
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Perfumo A, Freiherr von Sass GJ, Nordmann EL, Budisa N, Wagner D. Discovery and Characterization of a New Cold-Active Protease From an Extremophilic Bacterium via Comparative Genome Analysis and in vitro Expression. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 32528424 PMCID: PMC7247812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a screening of Antarctic glacier forefield-bacteria for novel cold-active enzymes, a psychrophilic strain Psychrobacter sp. 94-6PB was selected for further characterization of enzymatic activities. The strain produced lipases and proteases in the temperature range of 4-18°C. The coding sequence of an extracellular serine-protease was then identified via comparative analysis across Psychrobacter sp. genomes, PCR-amplified in our strain 94-6PB and expressed in the heterologous host E. coli. The purified enzyme (80 kDa) resulted to be a cold-active alkaline protease, performing best at temperatures of 20-30°C and pH 7-9. It was stable in presence of common inhibitors [β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), dithiothreitol (DTT), urea, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)] and compatible with detergents and surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, hydrogen peroxide and Triton X-100). Because of these properties, the P94-6PB protease may be suitable for use in a new generation of laundry products for cold washing. Furthermore, we assessed the microdiversity of this enzyme in Psychrobacter organisms from different cold habitats and found several gene clusters that correlated with specific ecological niches. We then discussed the role of habitat specialization in shaping the biodiversity of proteins and enzymes and anticipate far-reaching implications for the search of novel variants of biotechnological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedea Perfumo
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental System Division, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Lena Nordmann
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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116
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Biocatalysis of Industrial Kraft Pulps: Similarities and Differences between Hardwood and Softwood Pulps in Hydrolysis by Enzyme Complex of Penicillium verruculosum. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft pulp enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising method of woody biomass bioconversion. The influence of composition and structure of kraft fibers on their hydrolysis efficiency was evaluated while using four substrates, unbleached hardwood pulp (UHP), unbleached softwood pulp (USP), bleached hardwood pulp (BHP), and bleached softwood pulp (BSP). Hydrolysis was carried out with Penicillium verruculosum enzyme complex at a dosage of 10 filter paper units (FPU)/g pulp. The changes in fiber morphology and structure were visualized while using optical and electron microscopy. Fiber cutting and swelling and quick xylan destruction were the main processes at the beginning of hydrolysis. The negative effect of lignin content was more pronounced for USP. Drying decreased the sugar yield of dissolved hydrolysis products for all kraft pulps. Fiber morphology, different xylan and mannan content, and hemicelluloses localization in kraft fibers deeply affected the hydrolyzability of bleached pulps. The introduction of additional xylobiase, mannanase, and cellobiohydrolase activities to enzyme mixture will further improve the hydrolysis of bleached pulps. A high efficiency of never-dried bleached pulp bioconversion was shown. At 10% substrate concentration, hydrolysates with more than 50 g/L sugar concentration were obtained. The bioconversion of never-dried BHP and BSP could be integrated into working kraft pulp mills.
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117
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A Novel Cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) from Penicillium digitatum: Production, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:257-282. [PMID: 32378080 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new cellulase producer strain of Penicillium digitatum (RV 06) was previously obtained from rotten maize grains. This work aim was to optimize the production and characterize this microorganism produced cellulase. A CMCase maximum production (1.6 U/mL) was obtained in stationary liquid culture, with an initial pH of 5.0, at 25 °C, with 1% lactose as carbon source, and cultured for 5 days. The produced enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme optimal temperature and pH were 60 °C and 5.2, respectively. The experimental Tm of thermal inactivation was 63.68 °C, and full activity was recovered after incubation of 7 h at 50 °C. The purified 74 kDa CMCase presented KM for CMC of 11.2 mg/mL, Vmax of 0.13 μmol/min, kcat of 52 s-1, and kcat/KM of 4.7 (mg/mL)-1 s-1. The purified enzyme had a high specificity for CMC and p-nitrophenyl cellobioside and released glucose and cellobiose as final products of the CMC hydrolysis. The enzyme trypsin digestion produced peptides whose masses were obtained by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which was also used to obtain two peptide sequences. These peptide sequences and the mass peak profile retrieved a CBHI within the annotated genome of P. digitatum PD1. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis confirmed this enzyme as a CBHI of the glycoside hydrolase family 7. The P. digitatum PD1 protein in silico structural model revealed a coil and β-conformation predominance, which was confirmed by circular dichroism of the P. digitatum RV 06 purified enzyme.
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118
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Highly efficient fungal pectinase and laccase producers among isolates from flax retting liquor. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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119
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Prolo T, Izidoro SC, de Lima VA, Maia GAR, Knob A. Adding value to a recalcitrant and problematic waste: the use of dog hair for fungal keratinolytic protease production. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1746770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Prolo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima
- Department of Chemical, Federal Technological University of Paraná. Via do Conhecimento, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Knob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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120
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Duarte LS, Barsé LQ, Dalberto PF, da Silva WTS, Rodrigues RC, Machado P, Basso LA, Bizarro CV, Ayub MAZ. Cloning and expression of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens transglutaminase gene in E. coli using a bicistronic vector construction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 134:109468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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121
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Thakur N, Sharma N, Kumar V, Bhalla TC. Computational Analysis of the Primary and Secondary Structure of Amidases in Relation to their pH Adaptation. CURR PROTEOMICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190718150627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Amidases are ubiquitous enzymes and biological functions of these enzymes
vary widely. They are considered to be synergistically involved in the synthesis of a wide variety of
carboxylic acids, hydroxamic acids and hydrazides, which find applications in commodity chemicals
synthesis, pharmaceuticals agrochemicals and wastewater treatments.
Methods:
They hydrolyse a wide variety of amides (short-chain aliphatic amides, mid-chain amides,
arylamides, α-aminoamides and α-hydroxyamides) and can be grouped on the basis of their catalytic
site and preferred substrate. Despite their economic importance, we lack knowledge as to how these
amidases withstand elevated pH and temperature whereas others cannot.
Results:
The present study focuses on the statistical comparison between the acid-tolerant, alkali tolerant
and neutrophilic organisms. In silico analysis of amidases of acid-tolerant, alkali tolerant and neutrophilic
organisms revealed some striking trends as to how amino acid composition varies significantly.
Statistical analysis of primary and secondary structure revealed amino acid trends in amidases of
these three groups of bacteria. The abundance of isoleucine (Ile, I) in acid-tolerant and leucine (Leu, L)
in alkali tolerant showed the aliphatic amino acid dominance in extreme conditions of pH in acidtolerant
and alkali tolerant amidases.
Conclusion:
The present investigation insights physiochemical properties and dominance of some crucial
amino acid residues in the primary and secondary structure of some amidases from acid-tolerant,
alkali tolerant and neutrophilic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Thakur
- Bioinformatics Centre, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- Bioinformatics Centre, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
| | - Tek Chand Bhalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
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122
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Vimer S, Ben-Nissan G, Sharon M. Direct characterization of overproduced proteins by native mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:236-265. [PMID: 31942081 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins derived by recombinant technologies must be characterized to ensure quality, consistency and optimal production. These properties are usually assayed following purification procedures that are time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we describe a native mass spectrometry (MS) approach, direct-MS, for rapid characterization of intact overexpressed proteins immediately from crude samples. In this protocol, we discuss the multiple applications of the method and outline the necessary steps required for sample preparation, data collection and interpretation of results. We begin with the sample preparation workflows, which are relevant for recombinant proteins produced within bacteria, those analyzed straight from crude cell lysate, and secreted proteins generated in eukaryotic expression systems that are assessed directly from the growth culture medium. We continue with the mass acquisition steps that enable immediate definition of properties such as expressibility, solubility, assembly state, folding, overall structure, stability, post-translational modifications and associations with biomolecules. We demonstrate the applicability of the method by presenting the characterization of a computationally designed toxin-antitoxin heterodimer, activity and protein-interaction determination of a regulatory protein and detailed glycosylation analysis of a designed intact antibody. Overall, we describe a simple and rapid protocol that is relevant to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems and can be carried out on multiple mass spectrometers, such as Orbitrap and quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)-based mass spectroscopy platforms, that enable intact protein detection. The procedure takes from 30 min to several hours, from sample collection to data acquisition, depending on the depth of MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Vimer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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123
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Salwan R, Sharma V, Kasana RC, Gulati A. Bioprospecting Psychrotrophic Bacteria for Serine-Type Proteases from the Cold Areas of Western Himalayas. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:795-806. [PMID: 31919673 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to analyze the prevalence of protease diversity among psychrotrophic bacteria in Lahaul and Spiti of the Western Himalayas. A total of 459 bacteria were screened and protease activity was observed in 150 isolates at 5 °C. Furthermore, 55 isolates showed protease activity up to pH 10 at 5 °C. Based on the hydrolytic zone, 22 isolates were selected for protease quantification. The protease activity varied from 58-377 U mL-1 at 10 °C, 49-396 U mL-1 at 28 °C and 31-407 U mL-1 at 37 °C. Similarly, protease activity ranged from 36-353 U mL-1 at pH 7, 40-306 U mL-1 at pH 9 and 33-304 U mL-1 at pH 10. The isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and showed phylogenetic relationship to Arthrobacter belonging to the class Actinobacteria, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Planomicrobium to Bacilli, and Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Stenotrophomonas to Gammaproteobacteria. Zymogram analysis revealed variations in protease isoforms ranging from 20 to 250 kDa which were strongly inhibited in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, thus indicated serine-type nature. The extensive number of serine proteases among these bacteria was confirmed by annotating genomes of the reported genera for prevalence of protease isoforms. The properties of proteases including low-temperature activity with alkaline stability and detergent compatibility suggested their suitability as bio-additives in laundry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Salwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India. .,CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India. .,College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YSP-University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177 001, India.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India.,University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali (PB.), India
| | - Ramesh Chand Kasana
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India.,Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342 003, India
| | - Arvind Gulati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
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124
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García-Cano I, Rocha-Mendoza D, Kosmerl E, Zhang L, Jiménez-Flores R. Technically relevant enzymes and proteins produced by LAB suitable for industrial and biological activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1401-1422. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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125
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Duarte L, Matte CR, Bizarro CV, Ayub MAZ. Transglutaminases: part I-origins, sources, and biotechnological characteristics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:15. [PMID: 31897837 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transglutaminases form a large family of intracellular and extracellular enzymes that catalyze cross-links between protein molecules. Transglutaminases crosslinking properties are widely applied to various industrial processes, to improve the firmness, viscosity, elasticity, and water-holding capacity of products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the extremely high costs of obtaining transglutaminases from animal sources have prompted scientists to search for new sources of these enzymes. Therefore, research has been focused on producing transglutaminases by microorganisms, which may present wider scope of use, based on enzyme-specific characteristics. In this review, we present an overview of the literature addressing the origins, types, reactions, and general characterizations of this important enzyme family. A second review will deal with transglutaminases applications in the area of food industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials, as well as applications in the textile and leather industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovaine Duarte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Matte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 92A Building at TECNOPUC, 4592 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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126
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127
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Improvement in the yield and selectivity of lactulose synthesis with Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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128
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Saika A, Nagatake T, Kishino S, Park S, Honda T, Matsumoto N, Shimojou M, Morimoto S, Tiwari P, Node E, Hirata S, Hosomi K, Kabashima K, Ogawa J, Kunisawa J. 17( S),18( R)-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid generated by cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium inhibits the development of contact hypersensitivity via G-protein-coupled receptor 40-mediated neutrophil suppression. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:59-71. [PMID: 32123857 PMCID: PMC6996328 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is beneficial for health control. We recently identified 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) as a lipid metabolite endogenously generated from eicosapentaenoic acid that exhibits potent anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, chemically synthesized 17,18-EpETE is enantiomeric due to its epoxy group-17(S),18(R)-EpETE and 17(R),18(S)-EpETE. In this study, we demonstrated stereoselective differences of 17(S),18(R)-EpETE and 17(R),18(S)-EpETE in amelioration of skin contact hypersensitivity and found that anti-inflammatory activity was detected in 17(S),18(R)-EpETE, but not in 17(R),18(S)-EpETE. In addition, we found that cytochrome P450 BM-3 derived from Bacillus megaterium stereoselectively converts EPA into 17(S),18(R)-EpETE, which effectively inhibited the development of skin contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil migration in a G protein-coupled receptor 40-dependent manner. These results suggest the new availability of a bacterial enzyme to produce a beneficial lipid mediator, 17(S),18(R)-EpETE, in a stereoselective manner. Our findings highlight that bacterial enzymatic conversion of fatty acid is a promising strategy for mass production of bioactive lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Si‐Bum Park
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of DermatologyGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Shimojou
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Sakiko Morimoto
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Prabha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Eri Node
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - So‐ichiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of MedicineKobe UniversityHyogoJapan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of DermatologyGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant ResearchLaboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical InnovationHealth and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Graduate School of MedicineKobe UniversityHyogoJapan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal VaccinesThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of MedicineGraduate School of DentistryOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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129
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Hasan GA, Mohesien MT. Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes by Chaetomium Species. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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130
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Belén LH, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Beltrán Lissabet JF, Effer B, Lee-Estevez M, Pessoa A, Castillo RL, Farías JG. From Synthesis to Characterization of Site-Selective PEGylated Proteins. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1450. [PMID: 31920645 PMCID: PMC6930235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent attachment of therapeutic proteins to polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used for the improvement of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties, as well as the reduction in reactogenicity and related side effects. This technique named PEGylation has been successfully employed in several approved drugs to treat various diseases, even cancer. Some methods have been developed to obtain PEGylated proteins, both in multiple protein sites or in a selected amino acid residue. This review focuses mainly on traditional and novel examples of chemical and enzymatic methods for site-selective PEGylation, emphasizing in N-terminal PEGylation, that make it possible to obtain products with a high degree of homogeneity and preserve bioactivity. In addition, the main assay methods that can be applied for the characterization of PEGylated molecules in complex biological samples are also summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán Lissabet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Brian Effer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel Lee-Estevez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine East, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge G. Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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131
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Alfaro-Chávez AL, Liu JW, Stevenson BJ, Goldman A, Ollis DL. Evolving a lipase for hydrolysis of natural triglycerides along with enhanced tolerance towards a protease and surfactants. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:129-143. [PMID: 31504920 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the accompanying paper, we described evolving a lipase to the point where variants were soluble, stable and capable of degrading C8 TAG and C8 esters. These variants were tested for their ability to survive in an environment that might be encountered in a washing machine. Unfortunately, they were inactivated both by treatment with a protease used in laundry detergents and by very low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In addition, all the variants had very low levels of activity with triglycerides with long aliphatic chains and with naturally occurring oils, like olive oil. Directed evolution was used to select variants with enhanced properties. In the first 10 rounds of evolution, the primary screen was selected for variants capable of hydrolyzing olive oil whereas the secondary screen was selected for enhanced tolerance towards a protease and SDS. In the final six rounds of evolution, the primary and secondary screens identified variants that retained activity after treatment with SDS. Sixteen cycles of evolution gave variants with greatly enhanced lipolytic activity on substrates that had both long (C16 and C18) as well as short (C3 and C8) chains. We found variants that were stable for more than 3 hours in protease concentrations that rapidly degrade the wild-type enzyme. Enhanced tolerance towards SDS was found in variants that could break down naturally occurring lipid and resist protease attack. The amino acid changes that gave enhanced properties were concentrated in the cap domain responsible for substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Alfaro-Chávez
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bradley J Stevenson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Adrian Goldman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-0018, Finland
| | - David L Ollis
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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132
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Extreme environments: a source of biosurfactants for biotechnological applications. Extremophiles 2019; 24:189-206. [PMID: 31823065 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The surfactant industry moves billions of dollars a year and consists of chemically synthesized molecules usually derived from petroleum. Surfactant is a versatile molecule that is widely used in different industrial areas, with an emphasis on the petroleum, biomedical and detergent industries. Recently, interest in environmentally friendly surfactants that are resistant to extreme conditions has increased because of consumers' appeal for sustainable products and industrial processes that often require these characteristics. With this context, the need arises to search for surfactants produced by microorganisms coming from extreme environments and to mine their unique biotechnological potential. The production of biosurfactants is still incipient and presents challenges regarding economic viability due to the high costs of cultivation, production, recovery and purification. Advances can be made by exploring the extreme biosphere and bioinformatics tools. This review focuses on biosurfactants produced by microorganisms from different extreme environments, presenting a complete overview of what information is available in the literature, including the advances, challenges and future perspectives, as well as showing the possible applications of extreme biosurfactants.
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133
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Sharma A, Gupta G, Ahmad T, Mansoor S, Kaur B. Enzyme Engineering: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1695835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshula Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Gaganjot Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Tawseef Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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134
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Lee JJ, Choi SH, Cho JH, Choe J, Kang J, Kim S, Park S, Kyoung H, Seo D, Cho JY, Park IH, Oh S, Kim HB, Song M. Effects of dietary carbohydrases on productive performance and immune responses of lactating sows and their piglets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:359-365. [PMID: 31844546 PMCID: PMC6906129 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary multi-carbohydrases (MCS) in a lactating sow diet on productive performance and immune responses of sows and their piglets. A total of 12 sows (218.37 ± 5.5 kg BW; 2 parity) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments: a diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.01% MCS. The MCS contained xylanase (2,700 units/g), β-glucanase (700 units/g), and cellulase (800 units/g). Sows were fed the dietary treatments for 28 days (weaning) after farrowing. Blood samples were collected from sows on d 0, 3, and 7 after farrowing and randomly selected 2 nursing piglets in each sow on d 3, 7, and 14 after birth. Measurements were productive performance of sows, frequency of diarrhea of piglets, and immune responses of sows and their piglets. Sows fed MCS had lower (p < 0.05) their body weight change than those fed CON. Piglets from sows fed MCS had higher (p < 0.05) average weight gain and body weight at weaning day and lower (p < 0.10) frequency of diarrhea than those from sows fed CON. Sows fed MCS had lower number of white blood cells (WBC) on d 3 (p < 0.05) and TGF-β1 on d 7 (p < 0.10) during lactation than those fed CON. Similarly, piglets from sows fed MCS had also lower (p < 0.05) number of WBC on d 3 and d 7 and TGF-β1 and C-reactive protein on d 7 during lactation than those from sows fed CON. In addition, piglets from sows fed MCS had higher (p < 0.10) immunoglobulin G and M on d 7 during lactation those from sows fed CON. In conclusion, addition of dietary MCS in the lactating sow diet based on corn and soybean meal improved productive performance of sows and their litters and modulated their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Choi
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Dongoh Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Il-Hun Park
- DSM Nutrition Korea Ltd., Seoul 06675, Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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135
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Ravindran S, Singh P, Nene S, Rale V, Mhetras N, Vaidya A. Microbioreactors and Perfusion Bioreactors for Microbial and Mammalian Cell Culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.83825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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136
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García-Ortega X, Cámara E, Ferrer P, Albiol J, Montesinos-Seguí JL, Valero F. Rational development of bioprocess engineering strategies for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) using the methanol-free GAP promoter. Where do we stand? N Biotechnol 2019; 53:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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137
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Enzymes from Marine Polar Regions and Their Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100544. [PMID: 31547548 PMCID: PMC6835263 DOI: 10.3390/md17100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that evolved at low temperatures express cold-adapted enzymes endowed with unique catalytic properties in comparison to their mesophilic homologues, i.e., higher catalytic efficiency, improved flexibility, and lower thermal stability. Cold environments are therefore an attractive research area for the discovery of enzymes to be used for investigational and industrial applications in which such properties are desirable. In this work, we will review the literature on cold-adapted enzymes specifically focusing on those discovered in the bioprospecting of polar marine environments, so far largely neglected because of their limited accessibility. We will discuss their existing or proposed biotechnological applications within the framework of the more general applications of cold-adapted enzymes.
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138
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Evaluation of New Genetic Toolkits and Their Role for Ethanol Production in Cyanobacteria. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12183515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the public awareness for climate change has risen, increasing scientific effort has been made to find and develop alternative resources and production processes to reduce the dependency on petrol-based fuels and chemicals of our society. Among others, the biotechnological fuel production, as for example fermenting sugar-rich crops to ethanol, is one of the main strategies. For this purpose, various classical production systems like Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used and have been optimized via genetic modifications. Despite the progress made, this strategy competes for nutritional resources and agricultural land. To overcome this problem, various attempts were made for direct photosynthetic driven ethanol synthesis with different microalgal species including cyanobacteria. However, compared to existing platforms, the development of cyanobacteria as photoautotrophic cell factories has just started, and accordingly, the ethanol yield of established production systems is still unreached. This is mainly attributed to low ethanol tolerance levels of cyanobacteria and there is still potential for optimizing the cyanobacteria towards alternative gene expression systems. Meanwhile, several improvements were made by establishing new toolboxes for synthetic biology offering new possibilities for advanced genetic modifications of cyanobacteria. Here, current achievements and innovations of those new molecular tools are discussed.
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139
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Recombinant lignin peroxidase-catalyzed decolorization of melanin using in-situ generated H2O2 for application in whitening cosmetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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140
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Khan MF, Kundu D, Hazra C, Patra S. A strategic approach of enzyme engineering by attribute ranking and enzyme immobilization on zinc oxide nanoparticles to attain thermostability in mesophilic Bacillus subtilis lipase for detergent formulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:66-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Cell-free systems (CFS) have recently evolved into key platforms for synthetic biology applications. Many synthetic biology tools have traditionally relied on cell-based systems, and while their adoption has shown great progress, the constraints inherent to the use of cellular hosts have limited their reach and scope. Cell-free systems, which can be thought of as programmable liquids, have removed many of these complexities and have brought about exciting opportunities for rational design and manipulation of biological systems. Here we review how these simple and accessible enzymatic systems are poised to accelerate the rate of advancement in synthetic biology and, more broadly, biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Tinafar
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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142
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A fast and novel approach to evaluate technical enzyme preparations for an efficient protein hydrolysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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143
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Breger JC, Oh E, Susumu K, Klein WP, Walper SA, Ancona MG, Medintz IL. Nanoparticle Size Influences Localized Enzymatic Enhancement—A Case Study with Phosphotriesterase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2060-2074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- KeyW Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- KeyW Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | - William P. Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Mario G. Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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144
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Zhou LY, Chen XY, Du ZJ, Mu DS. Pedobacter chinensis sp. nov., a cellulose-decomposing bacterium from Arctic tundra soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1926-1933. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Zhou
- 1College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai, PR China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- 1College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai, PR China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- 1College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai, PR China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Da-shuai Mu
- 1College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai, PR China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
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145
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Malafatti-Picca L, de Barros Chaves MR, de Castro AM, Valoni É, de Oliveira VM, Marsaioli AJ, de Franceschi de Angelis D, Attili-Angelis D. Hydrocarbon-associated substrates reveal promising fungi for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:633-648. [PMID: 31175657 PMCID: PMC6863199 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recalcitrant characteristics and insolubility in water make the disposal of synthetic polymers a great environmental problem to be faced by modern society. Strategies towards the recycling of post-consumer polymers, like poly (ethylene terephthalate, PET) degradation/depolymerization have been studied but still need improvement. To contribute with this purpose, 100 fungal strains from hydrocarbon-associated environments were screened for lipase and esterase activities by plate assays and high-throughput screening (HTS), using short- and long-chain fluorogenic probes. Nine isolates were selected for their outstanding hydrolytic activity, comprising the genera Microsphaeropsis, Mucor, Trichoderma, Westerdykella, and Pycnidiophora. Two strains of Microsphaeropsis arundinis were able to convert 2-3% of PET nanoparticle into terephthalic acid, and when cultured with two kinds of commercial PET bottle fragments, they also promoted weight loss, surface and chemical changes, increased lipase and esterase activities, and led to PET depolymerization with release of terephthalic acid at concentrations above 20.0 ppm and other oligomers over 0.6 ppm. The results corroborate that hydrocarbon-associated areas are important source of microorganisms for application in environmental technologies, and the sources investigated revealed important strains with potential for PET depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusiane Malafatti-Picca
- Environmental Studies Center, UNESP, São Paulo State University, 24-A Av., 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Machado de Castro
- Biotechnology Department, R&D Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Érika Valoni
- Biotechnology Department, R&D Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA - State University of Campinas, Alexandre Cazellato Str., 999, Paulínia, SP, 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, 24-A Av., 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Derlene Attili-Angelis
- Environmental Studies Center, UNESP, São Paulo State University, 24-A Av., 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA - State University of Campinas, Alexandre Cazellato Str., 999, Paulínia, SP, 13148-218, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, 24-A Av., 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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146
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Herrmann KR, Ruff AJ, Infanzón B, Schwaneberg U. Engineered phytases for emerging biotechnological applications beyond animal feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6435-6448. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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147
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Razzaq A, Shamsi S, Ali A, Ali Q, Sajjad M, Malik A, Ashraf M. Microbial Proteases Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:110. [PMID: 31263696 PMCID: PMC6584820 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals around the globe in different industries has increased tremendously, affecting the health of people. The modern world intends to replace these noxious chemicals with environmental friendly products for the betterment of life on the planet. Establishing enzymatic processes in spite of chemical processes has been a prime objective of scientists. Various enzymes, specifically microbial proteases, are the most essentially used in different corporate sectors, such as textile, detergent, leather, feed, waste, and others. Proteases with respect to physiological and commercial roles hold a pivotal position. As they are performing synthetic and degradative functions, proteases are found ubiquitously, such as in plants, animals, and microbes. Among different producers of proteases, Bacillus sp. are mostly commercially exploited microbes for proteases. Proteases are successfully considered as an alternative to chemicals and an eco-friendly indicator for nature or the surroundings. The evolutionary relationship among acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases has been analyzed based on their protein sequences, but there remains a lack of information that regulates the diversity in their specificity. Researchers are looking for microbial proteases as they can tolerate harsh conditions, ways to prevent autoproteolytic activity, stability in optimum pH, and substrate specificity. The current review focuses on the comparison among different proteases and the current problems faced during production and application at the industrial level. Deciphering these issues would enable us to promote microbial proteases economically and commercially around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razzaq
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Sadia Shamsi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arfan Ali
- 1-FB, Genetics, Four Brothers Group, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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148
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Biochemical Characteristics of Microbial Enzymes and Their Significance from Industrial Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:579-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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149
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Two Novel Acetylesterases from Pantoea dispersa: Recombinant Expression, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:834-854. [PMID: 31127451 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel acetylesterases from Pantoea dispersa, with low amino acid sequence identity between them, were expressed in Escherichia coli with a carboxyl-His6 tail given by the expression plasmid, purified, and characterized. The purified proteins, named Est-1 and Est-2, had a molecular mass of 33 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively. Both proteins presented a modeled structure of homodimers with monomers presenting the α/β-hydrolase fold, with the catalytic triad Ser-Asp-His present in the active site. The KM for p-nitrophenyl acetate and Vmax values found for Est-1 were of 1.4 ± 0.2 mM and 8.66 ± 0.59 μmol/min and for Est-2 were of 0.36 ± 0.077 mM and 6.13 ± 0.56 μmol/min, respectively. Both enzymes presented an optimum pH of 7.0. The optimum temperature for Est-1 was 40 °C and for Est-2 was 50 °C. The temperatures in which the enzymes Est-1 and Est-2 lost half of their activity (T50) were 44.1 and 58.9 °C, respectively. SDS, EDTA, and PMSF significantly inhibited the enzymes. The two purified enzymes also presented activity against triacetin and were able to deacetylate the carbohydrates pectin and xylan, with higher activity against pectin. Thus, they could be considered as carbohydrate esterases.
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150
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Sahoo K, Sahoo RK, Gaur M, Subudhi E. Cellulolytic thermophilic microorganisms in white biotechnology: a review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:25-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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