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Davey MG, Jalali A, Ryan ÉJ, McLaughlin RP, Sweeney KJ, Barry MK, Malone CM, Keane MM, Lowery AJ, Miller N, Kerin MJ. A Novel Surrogate Nomogram Capable of Predicting OncotypeDX Recurrence Score©. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1117. [PMID: 35887614 PMCID: PMC9318604 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: OncotypeDX Recurrence Score© (RS) is a commercially available 21-gene expression assay which estimates prognosis and guides chemoendocrine prescription in early-stage estrogen-receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer. Limitations of RS testing include the cost and turnaround time of several weeks. Aim: Our aim is to develop a user-friendly surrogate nomogram capable of predicting RS. Methods: Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of RS and RS > 25. Receiver operating characteristic analysis produced an area under the curve (AUC) for each model, with training and test sets were composed of 70.3% (n = 315) and 29.7% (n = 133). A dynamic, user-friendly nomogram was built to predict RS using R (version 4.0.3). Results: 448 consecutive patients who underwent RS testing were included (median age: 58 years). Using multivariable regression analyses, postmenopausal status (β-Coefficient: 0.25, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.03−0.48, p = 0.028), grade 3 disease (β-Coefficient: 0.28, 95% CIs: 0.03−0.52, p = 0.026), and estrogen receptor (ER) score (β-Coefficient: −0.14, 95% CIs: −0.22−−0.06, p = 0.001) all independently predicted RS, with AUC of 0.719. Using multivariable regression analyses, grade 3 disease (odds ratio (OR): 5.67, 95% CIs: 1.32−40.00, p = 0.037), decreased ER score (OR: 1.33, 95% CIs: 1.02−1.66, p = 0.050) and decreased progesterone receptor score (OR: 1.16, 95% CIs: 1.06−1.25, p = 0.002) all independently predicted RS > 25, with AUC of 0.740 for the static and dynamic online nomogram model. Conclusions: This study designed and validated an online user-friendly nomogram from routinely available clinicopathological parameters capable of predicting outcomes of the 21-gene RS expression assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Davey
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.J.L.); (N.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Amirhossein Jalali
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Éanna J. Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Ray P. McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Karl J. Sweeney
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Michael K. Barry
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmel M. Malone
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Maccon M. Keane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Aoife J. Lowery
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.J.L.); (N.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Nicola Miller
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.J.L.); (N.M.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.J.L.); (N.M.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (É.J.R.); (R.P.M.); (K.J.S.); (M.K.B.); (C.M.M.)
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Markkanen A, Aro K, Laury AR, Mäkitie AA, Haglund C, Atula T, Hagström J. Increased MIB-1 expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma that recurs and undergoes malignant transformation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9029. [PMID: 35637257 PMCID: PMC9151807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective study was to explore possible changes in histopathological features and expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) that recur or undergo malignant transformation. Knowledge of these characteristics might help to guide the management of these rare tumors. The histopathology and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of such tumors were analyzed in a cohort of 65 patients constituting three different groups of tumors: PA, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) and carcinoma ex PA (CxPA). The RPAs were divided into two subgroups: primary PA that were known to recur later (PA-prim) and recurrent tumors appearing after a primary tumor (PA-rec). RPAs and CxPAs were compared with PAs without recurrence, which served as a control group. In our study, CxPA and PA-rec, but not PA-prim, showed increased MIB-1 expression compared with the control group. Neither cyclin D1 expression nor any histopathological features showed any association in statistical analyses. CxPA showed increased mitotic activity, squamous metaplasia, and nuclear atypia. Tumor multifocality was more frequent in PA-rec and CxPA. The different MIB-1 expression in CxPA and PA-rec in comparison to PA-prim suggests that the changes in expression could develop after the primary tumor.
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103
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Garutti M, Griguolo G, Botticelli A, Buzzatti G, De Angelis C, Gerratana L, Molinelli C, Adamo V, Bianchini G, Biganzoli L, Curigliano G, De Laurentiis M, Fabi A, Frassoldati A, Gennari A, Marchiò C, Perrone F, Viale G, Zamagni C, Zambelli A, Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Guarneri V, Marchetti P, Puglisi F. Definition of High-Risk Early Hormone-Positive HER2−Negative Breast Cancer: A Consensus Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081898. [PMID: 35454806 PMCID: PMC9029479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. During the past three decades, several improvements in the adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor-positive/HER2−negative breast cancer have been achieved with the introduction of optimized adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine treatment. However, estimating the risk of relapse of breast cancer on an individual basis is still challenging. The IRIDE (hIGh Risk DEfinition in breast cancer) working group was established with the aim of reviewing evidence from the literature to synthesize the current relevant features that predict hormone-positive/HER2−negative early breast cancer relapse. A panel of experts in breast cancer was involved in identifying clinical, pathological, morphological, and genetic factors. A RAND consensus method was used to define the relevance of each risk factor. Among the 21 features included, 12 were considered relevant risk factors for relapse. For each of these, we provided a consensus statement and relevant comments on the supporting scientific evidence. This work may guide clinicians in the practical management of hormone-positive/HER2−negative early breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-3465-9092
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Buzzatti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.B.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (C.D.A.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Molinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.B.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Adamo
- Department of Human Pathology, Papardo Hospital, University of Messina, 89121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20020 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Division, Hospital of Prato, 59100 Prato, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Department of Breast and Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS INT Fondazione G. Pascale, 80144 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, IRCCS, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Frassoldati
- Department of Traslational Medicine and for Romagna, Clinical Oncology, S Anna University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Perrone
- Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, 80144 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamagni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Breast Cancer Section Department of Biomedical Sciences, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.B.); (C.M.); (L.D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, University of Genova, 16159 Genova, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (C.D.A.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Davey MG, Davey MS, Richard V, Wyns W, Soliman O, Miller N, Lowery AJ, Kerin MJ. Overview of MicroRNA Expression in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapies in Human Epidermal Growth Receptor-2 Enriched Breast Cancer - A Systematic Review. BREAST CANCER: BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 16:11782234221086684. [PMID: 35340888 PMCID: PMC8943461 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221086684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Increased appreciation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
(HER2/neu) signalling pathway has led to the development of targeted
therapeutic agents used in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve outcomes
for HER2 overexpressing (HER2+) breast cancer. For neoadjuvant therapy,
response rates can be unpredictable – novel biomarkers predicting
effectiveness are required to enhance oncological outcomes for these
patients, and microRNA may prove effective. Our objective was to identify
microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns predictive of response to neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (NAC) and/or anti-HER2 targeted therapies in patients being
treated for early-stage HER2+ breast cancer. Methods: A search was performed of the PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE in
accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Overall, 15 studies including 1335 patients were included. These studies
highlighted an expression profile of 73 miRNA and their ability to predict
tumour response to neoadjuvant therapies was correlated. Results from 11
studies were in relation to circulatory miRNA and 4 studies included data
from tumour tissue. Overall, upregulation and downregulation of 41 miRNA and
29 miRNA, respectively, predicted differential response to neoadjuvant
therapy. Expression levels of 3 miRNA (miR-21, miR-210, and miR-376c-3p)
were inconclusive in predicting therapeutic response, while ‘aberrant’
expression of circulating miR-199a predicted pathological complete response
(pCR) to NAC. Conclusions: This systematic review outlines expression patterns of a number of miRNA
which correlate with response to NAC and/or anti-HER2 therapies. Future
translational research evaluating predictive biomarkers of primary response
to neoadjuvant therapy in HER2+ breast cancer may consider these
results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Davey
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin S Davey
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vinitha Richard
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wyns
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Cardiology, CORRIB Core Laboratory, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Osama Soliman
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Cardiology, CORRIB Core Laboratory, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife J Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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105
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Costa B, Vale N. Drug Metabolism for the Identification of Clinical Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3181. [PMID: 35328602 PMCID: PMC8951384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is classified into four major molecular subtypes, and is considered a heterogenous disease. The risk profiles and treatment of breast cancer differ according to these subtypes. Early detection dramatically improves the prospects of successful treatment, resulting in a reduction in overall mortality rates. However, almost 30% of women primarily diagnosed with the early-stage disease will eventually develop metastasis or resistance to chemotherapies. Immunotherapies are among the most promising cancer treatment options; however, long-term clinical benefit has only been observed in a small subset of responding patients. The current strategies for diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on histopathological examination and molecular diagnosis, disregarding the tumor microenvironment and microbiome involving cancer cells. In this review, we aim to praise the use of pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics as a strategy to identify potential biomarkers for guiding and monitoring therapy in real-time. The finding of these biomarkers can be performed by studying the metabolism of drugs, more specifically, immunometabolism, and its relationship with the microbiome, without neglecting the information provided by genetics. A larger understanding of cancer biology has the potential to improve patient care, enable clinical decisions, and deliver personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Clinical Significance of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Ki67 Expression as a Predictive Value for Pathological Complete Response following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. Int J Breast Cancer 2022; 2022:1218128. [PMID: 35190777 PMCID: PMC8858059 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1218128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is considered nowadays the most prevalent cancer worldwide. The molecular era has successfully divided breast cancer into subtypes based on the various hormonal receptors. These molecular subtypes play a major role in determining the neoadjuvant chemotherapy to be administered. It was noted that the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with higher achievement of pathological complete response. The aim of the study was to determine the predictive role of breast cancer subtypes in the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Methods Combining dose dense anthracycline-based, regular dose anthracycline-based, and nonanthracycline-based chemotherapy, we observed data from 87 patients with breast cancer who received surgery after administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between January 2015 and July 2018. The patients were classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and triple negative breast cancer as well as low Ki67 (≤14%) and high Ki67 (>14%) expression groups using immunohistochemistry. Pathologic complete response was the only neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcome parameter. To evaluate variables associated with pathologic complete response, we used univariate analyses followed by multivariate logistic regression. Results 87 patients with breast cancer were classified into different subtypes according to the 12th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference. The response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly different (p = 0.046) between the subgroups. There were significant correlations between pathological complete response (pCR) and ER status (p < 0.0001), HER2 (p = 0.013), molecular subtypes (p = 0.018), T stage (p = 0.024), N stage before chemotherapy (p = 0.04), and type of chemotherapy (p = 0.029). Luminal B type patients had the lowest pCR, followed by luminal A type patients. Conclusion Evaluating molecular subtype's significance in breast cancer prognosis warrants additional studies in our region with extensive data about patient-specific neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Our study was able to reproduce results complementary to those present in the literature in other outcomes.
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107
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Chen C, Yang S, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Yao J. Metal ions-bridged J aggregation mediated nanoassembly composition for breast cancer phototherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:230-240. [PMID: 35582644 PMCID: PMC9091788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the highly ordered J-aggregates of organic dyes with intriguing optical properties have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Herein, binary metal ions Mn(II)/Fe(III) are used to induce the formation of indocyanine green (ICG) J-aggregates. Further, the sheet-like J-aggregates are able to act as "carriers" for loading hydrophobic chemotherapeutic gambogic acid (GA), realizing the effect of "killing two birds with one stone" for both treatment and delivery. The as-designed nanoassembly is formed spontaneously in aqueous environment via π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic force, exhibiting enhanced photostability of ICG and outstanding reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. Moreover, significant inhibition of tumor growth by the synergetic effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy is verified in a subcutaneous 4T1 tumors model. In conclusion, this work not only presents a facile and green approach to manufacture carrier-free nanodrugs, but also establishes a universal platform that has potential application in the co-delivery of near-infrared dye and hydrophobic molecules.
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108
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Courtney D, Davey MG, Moloney BM, Barry MK, Sweeney K, McLaughlin RP, Malone CM, Lowery AJ, Kerin MJ. Breast cancer recurrence: factors impacting occurrence and survival. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:2501-2510. [PMID: 35076871 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer mortality has decreased due to improved screening and treatment options. Nevertheless, 25-30% of patients develop disease recurrence and die from the disease dissemination. Patients who develop metastatic disease represent a heterogeneous group and management plans are dependent on molecular subtype, disease burden and metastatic site. AIM To determine predictive clinicopathological factors of disease recurrence and their impact on survival in the molecular era. METHODS Consecutive patients who breast cancer developed recurrence at our tertiary referral centre between 2000 and 2015 were included. Clinicopathological and treatment data were assessed using descriptive statistics. Oncological outcome was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan Meier analyses. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-five consecutive patients who developed breast cancer recurrence were included; median age at metastasis was 59.3 years (range 27-87 years), and median time to recurrence (TTR) was 47.7 ± 38.5 months (range 3.0-194.3 months). Survival was 24.2% (64/265) 53.2% were luminal A (LABC) (141/265), 18.5% were luminal B (LBBC) (49/265), 18.5% were triple negative (TNBC) (49/265), and 9.8% were human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressing (HER2 +) (26/265). TTR for patients with LABC was 56.0 ± 41.3 months, LBBC was 48.4 ± 41.1 months, TNBC was 26.9 ± 28.5 months and HER2 + was 34.3 ± 21.8 months. Increased grade (P < 0.001), Nottingham Prognostic Indices (P < 0.001), TNBC (P < 0.001), HER2 + subtype (P < 0.001) and receiving targeted therapy (P = 0.006) predicted shorted TTR. Estrogen receptor positivity (P < 0.001), progesterone receptor positivity (P = 0.010), invasive lobular carcinoma (P = 0.009) and receiving endocrine therapy (P = 0.001) predicted longer TTR. CONCLUSION Readily available clinicopathological factors predict risk of metastatic dissemination. Developing a tailored program to identify patients at risk of recurrence is crucial in controlling metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Courtney
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Matthew G Davey
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Brian M Moloney
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael K Barry
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Karl Sweeney
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ray P McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Carmel M Malone
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Aoife J Lowery
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91YR71, Republic of Ireland
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109
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Kong C, Xu B, Qiu G, Wei M, Zhang M, Bao S, Tang J, Li L, Liu J. Multifunctional Nanoparticles-Mediated PTT/PDT Synergistic Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5391-5411. [PMID: 36419717 PMCID: PMC9677922 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s373282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photoimmunotherapy is a breakthrough treatment for malignant tumors. Its uniqueness is that it uses antibody mediated targeted delivery to achieve high tumor specificity and uses laser-activated biophysical mechanism to accurately induce the rapid death of cancer cells and avoid damaging the surrounding normal tissues. Methods In this paper, an iron-based micelle was designed to encapsulate the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) and a cyclic tripeptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) as targeted multifunctional ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanoparticles for combined photothermal/photodynamic/immune therapy of breast cancer. Results The experimental results show that ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and photothermal conversion ability. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD can not only inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells, but also directly kill tumor cells by inducing apoptosis or necrosis. Dual-mode fluorescence light (FL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging in mice confirmed the selective accumulation at tumor sites and imaging ability of ICG@SANPs-cRGD. PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD mediated the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells by regulating the expression of immune-related indicators and activated the body's immune response mechanism, which enhanced the immunotherapy effect of immune checkpoint block (ICB). PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 therapy not only prevented the progression of the primary tumor but also inhibited the distant metastasis of the tumor. Discussion This study explores the biomedical application of PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment and demonstrates the potential of ICG@SANPs-cRGD as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunqing Kong
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Banghao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxian Bao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - JunJie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
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Gu S, Xu J, Teng W, Huang X, Mei H, Chen X, Nie G, Cui Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang K. Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:233-245. [PMID: 34871653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Postsurgical localized chemotherapy for breast cancer recurrence (BCR) still faces many problems which dampen researchers' enthusiasm and discounted prognosis. Simple strategies with controllable toxicities are expected to address these hurdles. Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration. Here, a sponge-like LNT/chitosan composite (LNT/CS sponge) was prepared for efficient local delivery to prevent postoperative BCR. The obtained sponges exhibit uniform porosity and sustained release of LNT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the sponges were implanted and showed significant reduction of postsurgical recurrence and suppression of long-term tumor regrowth with favorable biocompatibility in a subcutaneous postsurgical recurrence mouse model. Subsequent studies revealed that LNT can restrain the stemness of breast cancer cells, which may account for the long-term inhibition of tumor relapse. Therefore, LNT/CS sponge has a great potential as a promising alternative for postsurgical BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wangtianzi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xinting Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 315010 Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiqiu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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