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Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in colorectal cancer family-risk population screening. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13030. [PMID: 26264519 PMCID: PMC4532998 DOI: 10.1038/srep13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is related to tumour development and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its utility as biomarker has been suggested. The aim of our study was to measure serum MMP-9 in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of CRC patients, and to analyse its diagnostic accuracy for the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN: advanced adenomas and CRC). Additionally, we compared its diagnostic capability with the most used non-invasive faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Serum MMP-9 was quantified by ELISA in 516 asymptomatic individuals that underwent a colonoscopy and a FIT. MMP-9 levels were significantly related to age and gender and therefore the concentration was corrected by these confounders. Corrected MMP-9 (cMMP-9) levels were higher in individuals with advanced adenomas (AA; p-value = 0.029) and AN (p-value = 0.056) compared to individuals with no neoplasia. Moreover, elevated cMMP-9 concentration was associated with more severe characteristics of adenomas (number of lesions, size and histology). Nevertheless, the diagnostic accuracy of cMMP-9 was considerably lower than that of FIT for identifying AA (22.64% vs. 47.17% sensitivity, 90% specificity) or AN (19.30% vs. 52.63% sensitivity, 90% specificity). According to our results, serum MMP-9 cannot be considered of utility for the diagnosis of AN in CRC family-risk population screening.
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102
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Bastos LGDR, de Marcondes PG, de-Freitas-Junior JCM, Leve F, Mencalha AL, de Souza WF, de Araujo WM, Tanaka MN, Abdelhay ESFW, Morgado-Díaz JA. Progeny from irradiated colorectal cancer cells acquire an EMT-like phenotype and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2175-87. [PMID: 25103643 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains a major approach to adjuvant therapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, however, the fractionation schedules frequently allow for the repopulation of surviving tumors cells, neoplastic progression, and subsequent metastasis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the transgenerational effects induced by radiation and evaluate whether it could increase the malignant features on the progeny derived from irradiated parental colorectal cancer cells, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116. The progeny of these cells displayed a differential radioresistance as seen by clonogenic and caspase activation assay and had a direct correlation with survivin expression as observed by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence showed that the most radioresistant progenies had an aberrant morphology, disturbance of the cell-cell adhesion contacts, disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and vimentin filaments. Only the progeny derived from intermediary radioresistant cells, HT-29, reduced the E-cadherin expression and overexpressed β-catenin and vimentin with increased cell migration, invasion, and metalloprotease activation as seen by immunoblotting, wound healing, invasion, and metalloprotease activity assay. We also observed that this most aggressive progeny increased the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent TCF/LEF activity and underwent an upregulation of mesenchymal markers and downregulation of E-cadherin, as determined by qRT-PCR. Our results showed that the intermediate radioresistant cells can generate more aggressive cellular progeny with the EMT-like phenotype. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway may constitute an important target for new adjuvant treatment schedules with radiotherapy, with the goal of reducing the migratory and invasive potential of the remaining cells after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gonçalves dos Reis Bastos
- Cellular Biology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37André Cavalcanti Street, 5th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-051, Brazil
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103
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Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Predictive value of immunohistochemical markers for postoperative survival. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:7-27. [PMID: 25624992 PMCID: PMC4295195 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year, it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is generally considered to be one of the most effective therapies for HCC patients, however, there is a high risk of recurrence in postoperative HCC. In clinical practice, there exists an urgent need for valid prognostic markers to identify patients with prognosis, hence the importance of studies on prognostic markers in improving the prediction of HCC prognosis. This review focuses on the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic markers in predicting the postoperative survival of HCC patients.
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104
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Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their natural inhibitors in liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:570-9. [PMID: 25475858 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing evidence that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, especially with inflammatory etiology and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Despite the fact that gelatinases involve in liver cirrhosis is provided in the literature, their role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is still under investigation. DATA SOURCES We carried out a PubMed search of English-language articles relevant to the involvement of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, pancreatitis, and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases. RESULTS The decreased activity of gelatinases, especially MMP-2, is related to the development of liver fibrosis, probably due to the decrease of capability for ECM remodeling. Similar situation can be found in chronic pancreatitis; however, reports on this matter are rare. The presence of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases results in MMP-9 activity elevation. CONCLUSION The fluctuation of gelatinases activity during liver fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases is observed, but the exact role of these enzymes demands further studies.
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105
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Herszényi L, Barabás L, Hritz I, István G, Tulassay Z. Impact of proteolytic enzymes in colorectal cancer development and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13246-13257. [PMID: 25309062 PMCID: PMC4188883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis is a highly complicated, multi-step phenomenon. In the complex event of tumor progression, tumor cells interact with basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. Proteolytic enzymes (proteinases) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix, but also in cancer invasion and metastasis. The four categories of proteinases (cysteine-, serine-, aspartic-, and metalloproteinases) are named and classified according to the essential catalytic component in their active site. We and others have shown that proteolytic enzymes play a major role not only in colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis, but also in malignant transformation of precancerous lesions into cancer. Tissue and serum-plasma antigen concentrations of proteinases might be of great value in identifying patients with poor prognosis in CRC. Our results, in concordance with others indicate the potential tumor marker impact of proteinases for the early diagnosis of CRC. In addition, proteinases may also serve as potential target molecules for therapeutic agents.
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106
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YOU YAN, ZHANG JINFENG, LI YULIAN, LI YUZHEN, SHI GUANGYUE, MA LANGJUAN, WEI HAIYING. CADM1/TSLC1 inhibits melanoma cell line A375 invasion through the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2621-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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107
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Zhang Y, Wang CP, Ding XX, Wang N, Ma F, Jiang JH, Wang QD, Chang JB. FNC, a Novel Nucleoside Analogue, Blocks Invasion of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Lines Via Inhibition of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6829-35. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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108
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Srigopalram S, Jayraaj IA, Kaleeswaran B, Balamurugan K, Ranjithkumar M, Kumar TS, Park JI, Nou IS. Ellagic acid normalizes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and attenuates inflammation-mediated cell proliferation in experimental liver cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:2254-66. [PMID: 24972653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite great advances in our understanding of the molecular causes of liver cancer, significant gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis and development of effective strategies for early diagnosis and treatment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of ellagic acid (EA) against experimental liver cancer in rats. This is the first report that implies a possible role of EA in controlling liver cancer through activation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability via activating proteins such as Bax, bcl-2, cyt-C, and caspase-9, which play important roles in apoptosis. Downregulation of NF-κB, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were noted in EA-treated experimental rats and controlled inflammation mediated liver cancer when compared to the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced group. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the livers of experimental rats demonstrated that EA treatment renovated its internal architecture. Overall, these results demonstrate the value of molecular approaches in identifying the potential role of EA as an effective chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srigopalram
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-950, South Korea
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109
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Sreekumar S, Sithul H, Muraleedharan P, Azeez JM, Sreeharshan S. Pomegranate fruit as a rich source of biologically active compounds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:686921. [PMID: 24818149 PMCID: PMC4000966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is a widely used plant having medicinal properties. In this review, we have mainly focused on the already published data from our laboratory pertaining to the effect of methanol extract of pericarp of pomegranate (PME) and have compared it with other relevant literatures on Punica. Earlier, we had shown its antiproliferative effect using human breast (MCF-7, MDA MB-231), and endometrial (HEC-1A), cervical (SiHa, HeLa), and ovarian (SKOV3) cancer cell lines, and normal breast fibroblasts (MCF-10A) at concentration of 20-320 μg/mL. The expressions of selected estrogen responsive genes (PR, pS2, and C-Myc) were downregulated by PME. Unlike estradiol, PME did not increase the uterine weight and proliferation in bilaterally ovariectomized Swiss-Albino mice models and its cardioprotective effects were comparable to that of 17 β -estradiol. We had further assessed the protective role of PME on skeletal system, using MC3T3-E1 cells. The results indicated that PME (80 μg/mL) significantly increased ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) activity, supporting its suggested role in modulating osteoblastic cell differentiation. The antiosteoporotic potential of PME was also evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model. The results from our studies and from various other studies support the fact that pomegranate fruit is indeed a source of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sreekumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Hima Sithul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parvathy Muraleedharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Juberiya Mohammed Azeez
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Sreeja Sreeharshan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
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Xu H, Hou Z, Zhang H, Kong H, Li X, Wang H, Xie W. An efficient Trojan delivery of tetrandrine by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PVP-b-PCL) nanoparticles shows enhanced apoptotic induction of lung cancer cells and inhibition of its migration and invasion. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:231-42. [PMID: 24403829 PMCID: PMC3883593 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated the promising antitumor effect of tetrandrine (Tet) against a series of cancers. However, the poor solubility of Tet limits its application, while its hydrophobicity makes Tet a potential model drug for nanodelivery systems. We report on a simple way of preparing drug-loaded nanoparticles formed by amphiphilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PVP-b-PCL) copolymers with Tet as a model drug. The mean diameters of Tet-loaded PVP-b-PCL nanoparticles (Tet-NPs) were between 110 nm and 125 nm with a negative zeta potential slightly below 0 mV. Tet was incorporated into PVP-b-PCL nanoparticles with high loading efficiency. Different feeding ratios showed different influences on sizes, zeta potentials, and the drug loading efficiencies of Tet-NPs. An in vitro release study shows the sustained release pattern of Tet-NPs. It is shown that the uptake of Tet-NPs is mainly mediated by the endocytosis of nanoparticles, which is more efficient than the filtration of free Tet. Further experiments including fluorescence activated cell sorting and Western blotting indicated that this Trojan strategy of delivering Tet in PVP-b-PCL nanoparticles via endocytosis leads to enhanced induction of apoptosis in the non-small cell lung cancer cell A549 line; enhanced apoptosis is achieved by inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Moreover, Tet-NPs more efficiently inhibit the ability of cell migration and invasion than free Tet by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, as well as up-regulating tissue inhibitor of MMP-3 (TIMP-3). Therefore, data from this study not only confirms the potential of Tet in treating lung cancer but also offers an effective way of improving the anticancer efficiency of Tet by nanodrug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huae Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Hou
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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111
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Li R, Pan Y, He B, Xu Y, Gao T, Song G, Sun H, Deng Q, Wang S. Downregulation of CD147 expression by RNA interference inhibits HT29 cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1885-94. [PMID: 24064772 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of CD147 silencing on HT29 cell proliferation and invasion. We constructed a novel short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector pYr-mir30-shRNA. The plasmid was transferred to HT29 cells. The expression of CD147, MCT1 (lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 1) and MCT4 (lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 4) were monitored by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. The MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) activities were determined by gelatin zymography assay, while the intracellular lactate concentration was determined by the lactic acid assay kit. WST-8 assay was used to determine the HT29 cell proliferation and the chemosensitivity. Invasion assay was used to determine the invasion of HT29 cells. In addition, we established a colorectal cancer model, and detected CD147 expression in vivo. The results showed that the expression of CD147 and MCT1 was significantly reduced at both mRNA and protein levels, and also the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was reduced. The proliferation and invasion were decreased, but chemosensitivity to cisplatin was increased. In vivo, the CD147 expression was also significantly decreased, and reduced the tumor growth after CD147 gene silencing. The results demonstrated that silencing of CD147 expression inhibited the proliferation and invasion, suggesting CD147 silencing might be an adjuvant gene therapy strategy to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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112
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Lin BW, Jiao ZL, Fan JF, Peng L, Li L, Zhao ZG, Ding XY, Li HJ. Inhibitory effect of melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 on invasion in vitro of human melanoma cancer cells. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:833-9. [PMID: 23772146 PMCID: PMC3677998 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of metastasis potential is a critical point for malignant tumors. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) is a potential tumor suppress gene and frequently down-regulated in malignant tumors. It has been implicated that overexpression of MDA-7 led to proliferation inhibition in many types of human tumor. Invasion is an important process which is potential to promote tumor metastasis. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of mda-7/IL-24 to inhibit the invasion of human melanoma cancer is not fully clear. In this report, we identified a solid role for mda-7/IL-24 in invasion inhibition of human melanoma cancer LiBr cells, including decreasing of adhesion and invasion in vitro, blocking cell cycle, down-regulating the expression of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, CDK1, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, NF-κB and AP-1 transcription activity. Meanwhile, there was an increased expression of PTEN in mda-7/IL-24 over-expression LiBr cells. Our results demonstrated that mda-7/IL-24 is a potential invasion suppress gene, which inhibits the invasion of LiBr cells by the down-regulation of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, PTEN, and CDK1 expression. The molecular pathways involved were the MAPK/ERK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, and AP-1. These findings suggest that mda-7/IL-24 may be used as a possible therapeutic strategy for human melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-wen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-long Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Navy Headquarters Clinics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-feng Fan
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-gang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-yu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-jin Li
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells Through ROS-Independent MEK/ERK Activation by Sulforaphane. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:765-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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