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Ren X, Han Y, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yi Z, Xu H, Ke Q. An aligned porous electrospun fibrous membrane with controlled drug delivery - An efficient strategy to accelerate diabetic wound healing with improved angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:140-153. [PMID: 29454159 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A chronic wound in diabetic patients is usually characterized by poor angiogenesis and delayed wound closure. The exploration of efficient strategy to significantly improve angiogenesis in the diabetic wound bed and thereby accelerate wound healing is still a significant challenge. Herein, we reported a kind of aligned porous poly (l-lactic acid) (PlLA) electrospun fibrous membranes containing dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DS) for diabetic wound healing. The PlLA electrospun fibers aligned in a single direction and there were ellipse-shaped nano-pores in situ generated onto the surface of fibers, while the DS were well distributed in the fibers and the DMOG as well as Si ion could be controlled released from the nanopores on the fibers. The in vitro results revealed that the aligned porous composite membranes (DS-PL) could stimulate the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with the pure PlLA membranes. The in vivo study further demonstrated that the prepared DS-PL membranes significantly improved neo-vascularization, re-epithelialization and collagen formation as well as inhibited inflammatory reaction in the diabetic wound bed, which eventually stimulated the healing of the diabetic wound. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of hierarchical structures (nanopores on the aligned fibers) with the controllable released DMOG drugs as well as Si ions from the membranes, which could create a synergetic effect on the rapid stimulation of angiogenesis in the diabetic wound bed, is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for highly efficient diabetic wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A chronic wound in diabetic patients is usually characterized by the poor angiogenesis and the delayed wound closure. The main innovation of this study is to design a new kind of skin tissue engineered scaffold, aligned porous poly (l-lactic acid) (PlLA) electrospun membranes containing dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DS), which could significantly improve angiogenesis in the diabetic wound bed and thereby accelerate diabetic wound healing. The results revealed that the electrospun fibers with ellipse-shaped nano-pores on the surface were aligned in a single direction, while there were DS particles distributed in the fibers and the DMOG as well as Si ions could be controllably released from the nanopores on the fibers. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the hierarchical nanostructures (nanopores on the aligned fibers) and the controllable released chemical active agents (DMOG drugs and Si ions) from the DS-PL membranes could exert a synergistic effect on inducing the endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Above all, the scaffolds distinctly induced the angiogenesis, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization as well as inhibited inflammation reaction in the wound sites, which eventually stimulated the healing of diabetic wounds in vivo. The significance of the current study is that the combination of the hierarchical aligned porous nanofibrous structure with DMOG-loaded MSNs incorporated in electrospun fibers may suggest a high-efficiency strategy for chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Ren
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yiming Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - He Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Qinfei Ke
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.
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102
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Covelo A, Gómez KK, Corona-Lira P, Ramírez-Reivich AC, Hernández M. Electrochemical characterization of PVA/SA nanofibers obtained by electrospinning processing. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Covelo
- División de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial (DIMEI), CENISA; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM; 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - K. K. Gómez
- División de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial (DIMEI), CENISA; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM; 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - P. Corona-Lira
- División de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial (DIMEI), CENISA; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM; 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - A. C. Ramírez-Reivich
- División de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial (DIMEI), CENISA; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM; 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - M. Hernández
- División de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial (DIMEI), CENISA; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM; 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
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103
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A therapeutic polyelectrolyte–vitamin C nanoparticulate system in polyvinyl alcohol–alginate hydrogel: An approach to treat skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:315-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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104
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Dwivedi C, Pandey I, Pandey H, Patil S, Mishra SB, Pandey AC, Zamboni P, Ramteke PW, Singh AV. In vivo diabetic wound healing with nanofibrous scaffolds modified with gentamicin and recombinant human epidermal growth factor. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:641-651. [PMID: 28986947 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are susceptible to microbial infection. The treatment of these wounds requires a higher payload of growth factors. With this in mind, the strategy for this study was to utilize a novel payload comprising of Eudragit RL/RS 100 nanofibers carrying the bacterial inhibitor gentamicin sulfate (GS) in concert with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF); an accelerator of wound healing. GS containing Eudragit was electrospun to yield nanofiber scaffolds, which were further modified by covalent immobilization of rhEGF to their surface. This novel fabricated nanoscaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal behavior of the nanoscaffold was determined using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In the in vitro antibacterial assays, the nanoscaffolds exhibited comparable antibacterial activity to pure gentemicin powder. In vivo work using female C57/BL6 mice, the nanoscaffolds induced faster wound healing activity in dorsal wounds compared to the control. The paradigm in this study presents a robust in vivo model to enhance the applicability of drug delivery systems in wound healing applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 641-651, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India.,Nanotechnology Application Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Ishan Pandey
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211001, India.,Department of Microbiology, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, 211001, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur, 208016, India
| | | | - Avinash C Pandey
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Disease Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pramod W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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105
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Zarrintaj P, Moghaddam AS, Manouchehri S, Atoufi Z, Amiri A, Amirkhani MA, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Saeb MR, Hamblin MR, Mozafari M. Can regenerative medicine and nanotechnology combine to heal wounds? The search for the ideal wound dressing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2403-2422. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the outermost covering of the human body and at the same time the largest organ comprising 15% of body weight and 2 m2 surface area. Skin plays a key role as a barrier against the outer environment depending on its thickness, color and structure, which differ from one site to another. The four major types of problematic wounds include ulcers (diabetic, venous, pressure) and burn wounds. Developing novel dressings helps us to improve the wound healing process in difficult patients. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and nanotechnology are revolutionizing the field of wound healing. Antimicrobial activity, exogenous cell therapy, growth factor delivery, biodegradable and biocompatible matrix construction, all play a role in hi-tech dressing design. In the present review, we discuss how the principles of regenerative medicine and nanotechnology can be combined in innovative wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Manouchehri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Atoufi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Amiri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin & Additives, Institute for Color Science & Technology, P.O. Box 16765–654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Department, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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106
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Chen S, Liu B, Carlson MA, Gombart AF, Reilly DA, Xie J. Recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1335-1352. [PMID: 28520509 PMCID: PMC6661929 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers represent a novel class of materials that show great potential in many biomedical applications including biosensing, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. In this work, we review recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing. This article begins with a brief introduction on the wound, and then discusses the unique features of electrospun nanofibers critical for wound healing. It further highlights recent studies that have used electrospun nanofibers for wound healing applications and devices, including sutures, multifunctional dressings, dermal substitutes, engineered epidermis and full-thickness skin regeneration. Finally, we finish with conclusions and future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Departments of Surgery & Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics & Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Departments of Surgery–Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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107
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Liakos IL, Holban AM, Carzino R, Lauciello S, Grumezescu AM. Electrospun Fiber Pads of Cellulose Acetate and Essential Oils with Antimicrobial Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E84. [PMID: 28417912 PMCID: PMC5408176 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The method of electrospinning was used to create nanofibers made of cellulose acetate (CA) and essential oils (EOs). CA polymer at 15% w/v was dissolved in acetone and then 1% or 5% v/v of EOs was added to the polymer solution. The utilized essential oils were rosemary and oregano oils. Then, the CA/EOs in acetone solution were electrospun, creating micro/nanofibers, approximately 700-1500 nm in diameter. Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the attachment of the EOs in the CA electrospun fibers (ESFs). Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology, topography and dimensions of the ESFs. The formed CA/EOs ESFs are found to have good antimicrobial properties against three common microbial species, frequently found in difficult to treat infections: Bacteria species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. ESFs with 5% v/v oregano oil with respect to the initial solution, showed the best antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects due to the potency of this EO against bacteria and fungi, especially for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. This work describes an effective and simple method to prepare CA/EOs ESFs and opens up many new applications of micro/nanofibers such as improved antimicrobial wound dressings, anti-biofilm surfaces, sensors and packaging alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis L Liakos
- Smart Materials Group, Nanophysics Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor, No. 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Riccardo Carzino
- Smart Materials Group, Nanophysics Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simone Lauciello
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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108
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Delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 242:17-34. [PMID: 28159168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to rapidly increasing resistance development against conventional antibiotics, finding novel approaches for the treatment of infections has emerged as a key health issue. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted interest in this context, and there is by now a considerable literature on the identification such peptides, as well as on their optimization to reach potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects at simultaneously low toxicity against human cells. In comparison, delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides have attracted considerably less interest. However, such delivery systems are likely to play a key role in the development of potent and safe AMP-based therapeutics, e.g., through reducing chemical or biological degradation of AMPs either in the formulation or after administration, by reducing adverse side-effects, by controlling AMP release rate, by promoting biofilm penetration, or through achieving co-localization with intracellular pathogens. Here, an overview is provided of the current understanding of delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides, with special focus on AMP-carrier interactions, as well as consequences of these interactions for antimicrobial and related biological effects of AMP-containing formulations.
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109
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Wathoni N, Motoyama K, Higashi T, Okajima M, Kaneko T, Arima H. Physically crosslinked-sacran hydrogel films for wound dressing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:465-70. [PMID: 27151668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thin hydrogel films consisting of water-swollen polymer networks can potentially be applied for biomedical fields. Recently, natural polysaccharides have great attentions to be developed as wound healing and protection. In the present study, we newly prepared and characterized a physically crosslinked-hydrogel film composed of a novel megamolecular polysaccharide sacran for wound dressing application. We successfully fabricated a physically crosslinked-sacran hydrogel film by a solvent-casting method. The thickness of a sacran hydrogel film was lower than that of a sodium alginate (Na-alginate) film. Importantly, the swollen ratio of a sacran hydrogel film in water at 24h was 19-fold, compared to initial weight. Meanwhile, a Na-alginate hydrogel film was completely broken apart after rehydration. Moreover, a sacran hydrogel film did not show any cytotoxicity on NIH3T3 cells, a murine fibroblast cell line. The in vivo skin hydration study revealed that a sacran hydrogel film significantly increased the moisture content on hairless mice skin and considerably improved wound healing ability, compared to control (non-treated), probably due to not only the moisturing effect but also the anti-inflammatory effect of sacran. These results suggest that sacran has the potential properties as a basic biomaterial in a hydrogel film for wound dressing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Maiko Okajima
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Noumi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Noumi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, Japan.
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110
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Wasfi R, Elkhatib WF, Khairalla AS. Effects of Selected Egyptian Honeys on the Cellular Ultrastructure and the Gene Expression Profile of Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150984. [PMID: 26954570 PMCID: PMC4783026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to: (i) evaluate the antibacterial activities of three Egyptian honeys collected from different floral sources (namely, citrus, clover, and marjoram) against Escherichia coli; (ii) investigate the effects of these honeys on bacterial ultrastructure; and (iii) assess the anti-virulence potential of these honeys, by examining their impacts on the expression of eight selected genes (involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and stress survival) in the test organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the honey samples against E. coli ATCC 8739 were assessed by the broth microdilution assay in the presence and absence of catalase enzyme. Impacts of the honeys on the cellular ultrastructure and the expression profiles of the selected genes of E. coli were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, respectively. The susceptibility tests showed promising antibacterial activities of all the tested honeys against E. coli. This was supported by the TEM observations, which revealed “ghost” cells lacking DNA, in addition to cells with increased vacuoles, and/or with irregular shrunken cytoplasm. Among the tested honeys, marjoram exhibited the highest total antibacterial activity and the highest levels of peroxide-dependent activity. The qPCR analysis showed that all honey-treated cells share a similar overall pattern of gene expression, with a trend toward reduced expression of the virulence genes of interest. Our results indicate that some varieties of the Egyptian honey have the potential to be effective inhibitor and virulence modulator of E. coli via multiple molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid F. Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Khairalla
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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